201
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Qin Z, Xu Q, Hu H, Yu L, Zeng S. Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Multifaceted Roles and Potential Applications Identified by Experimental and Computational Methods. Front Oncol 2020; 10:724. [PMID: 32457844 PMCID: PMC7221139 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Increasingly evidences indicate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) orchestrate multiple processes in tumorigenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug response of RCC. EVs are lipid membrane-bound vesicles in nanometer size and secreted by almost all cell types into the extracellular milieu. A myriad of bioactive molecules such as RNA, DNA, protein, and lipid are able to be delivered via EVs for the intercellular communication. Hence, the abundant content of EVs is appealing reservoir for biomarker identification through computational analysis and experimental validation. EVs with excellent biocompatibility and biodistribution are natural platforms that can be engineered to offer achievable drug delivery strategies for RCC therapies. Moreover, the multifaceted roles of EVs in RCC progression also provide substantial targets and facilitate EVs-based drug discovery, which will be accelerated by using artificial intelligence approaches. In this review, we summarized the vital roles of EVs in occurrence, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance of RCC. Furthermore, we also recapitulated and prospected the EVs-based potential applications in RCC, including biomarker identification, drug vehicle development as well as drug target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Su Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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202
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Osmanov YI, Kogan EA, Radenska-Lopovok SG. [The morphological characteristics and immunophenotype of renal cell carcinomas with eosinophilic cytoplasm]. Arkh Patol 2020; 82:20-29. [PMID: 32307435 DOI: 10.17116/patol20208202120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic cellular renal cell carcinomas embrace a wide range of histological types described in the 2016 WHO International Classification of Kidney Tumors. A variety of histological manifestations associated with the features of tumor morphogenesis in this group poses difficulties in differential diagnosis. AIM to investigate the morphological and immunophenotypic features of rare types of renal cell carcinomas with eosinophilic cytoplasm. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An investigation was conducted using a surgical material from 294 patients with a kidney tumor. An immunohistochemical (IHC) study was performed on paraffin sections according to the standard protocol using a wide panel of antibodies. RESULTS Based on a morphological analysis and IHC study, the tumors were divided into 3 groups: 1) 127 (43%) oncocytic tumors that expressed classical IHC markers for oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; 2) 50 (17%) oncocytic tumors that did not correspond to the immunophenotypes of oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; and 3) 117 (40%) eosinophilic cellular nononcocytic renal tumors. CONCLUSION With the advent of the current differential diagnostic criteria, the classification of renal cell carcinomas continues to expand. To date, a hybrid oncocytic/chromophobic tumor, eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma, and follicular kidney cancer should be regarded as new nosological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu I Osmanov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Research Clinical Center, OAO 'RZhD', Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Kogan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S G Radenska-Lopovok
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Pathological Anatomy, Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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203
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Update on Renal Neoplasms: Clinicopathologic-Radiologic Correlation With Case-Based Examples. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 214:1220-1228. [PMID: 32286867 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This article provides a brief overview of the clinicopathologic and radiologic correlation of 12 renal neoplasms, encompassing the conventional subtypes of renal cell carcinoma and a few of the newly recognized subtypes from the 2016 World Health Organization classification of renal tumors. In addition, we touch upon infrequent neoplasms that may enter the differential diagnosis of a renal mass, with corresponding radiologic and gross images and histologic findings of case-based examples. CONCLUSION. Familiarity with the radiologic and pathologic characteristics of renal cell carcinoma and other renal neoplasms is important to correctly identify and treat these masses.
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204
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Zheng T, Wang X, Yue P, Han T, Hu Y, Wang B, Zhao B, Zhang X, Yan X. Prognostic Inflammasome-Related Signature Construction in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Based on a Pan-Cancer Landscape. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:3259795. [PMID: 32328125 PMCID: PMC7157792 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3259795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression patterns and prognostic characteristics of inflammasome-related genes (IRGs) across cancer types and develop a robust biomarker for the prognosis of KIRC. METHODS The differentially expressed IRGs and prognostic genes among 10 cancers were analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Subsequently, an IRGs risk signature was developed in KIRC. Its prognostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The independent predictive capacity was identified by stratification survival and multivariate Cox analyses. The gene ontology (GO) analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to explore biological functions of the IRGs signature in KIRC. RESULTS The expression patterns and prognostic association of IRGs varied from different cancers, while KIRC showed the most abundant survival-related dysregulated IRGs. The IRG signature for KIRC was able to independently predict survival, and the signature genes were mainly involved inimmune-related processes. CONCLUSIONS The pan-cancer analysis provided a comprehensive landscape of IRGs across cancer types and identified a strong association between IRGs and the prognosis of KIRC. Further IRGs signature represented a reliable prognostic predictor for KIRC and verified the prognostic value of inflammasomes in KIRC, contributing to our understanding of therapies targeting inflammasomes for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zheng
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Xindong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Peipei Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Tongtong Han
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Yue Hu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Baohong Zhao
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, China
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205
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Identification of Four Pathological Stage-Relevant Genes in Association with Progression and Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2137319. [PMID: 32309427 PMCID: PMC7142335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2137319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a major histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and can be clinically divided into four stages according to the TNM criteria. Identifying clinical stage-related genes is beneficial for improving the early diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC. By using bioinformatics analysis, we aim to identify clinical stage-relevant genes that are significantly associated with the development of ccRCC. First, we analyzed the gene expression microarray data sets: GSE53757 and GSE73731. We divided these data into five groups by staging information-normal tissue and ccRCC stages I, II, III, and IV-and eventually identified 500 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To obtain precise stage-relevant genes, we subsequently applied weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to the GSE73731 dataset and KIRC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Two modules from each dataset were identified to be related to the tumor TNM stage. Several genes with high inner connection inside the modules were considered hub genes. The intersection results between hub genes of key modules and 500 DEGs revealed UBE2C, BUB1B, RRM2, and TPX2 as highly associated with the stage of ccRCC. In addition, the candidate genes were validated at both the RNA expression level and the protein level. Survival analysis also showed that 4 genes were significantly correlated with overall survival. In conclusion, our study affords a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of ccRCC and provides potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and individualized treatment for patients at different stages of ccRCC.
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206
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Syed JS, Brito J, Pooli A, Boutros PC, Shuch B. Transcriptomics in RCC. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:742-754. [PMID: 32222350 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in chemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and bioinformatics have allowed broad use of transcriptomic profiling. Understanding the population of ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts can provide important clinical information relevant to kidney cancer care. This includes a better understanding of kidney cancer subtype and distinct clusters within these categories. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is typically done on a region within the tumor, which represents thousands to millions of heterogeneous cells and various components of the microenvironment. Computational tools can deconvolute these populations to provide insight into the microenvironment. Specific signatures of hypoxia, proliferation, angiogenesis and immune infiltration can predict response and survival. Prognostic signatures can risk stratify tumors to aid in identification of patients who might derive benefit from adjuvant therapy. As the cost of sequencing continues to decline and improved bioinformatic tools are developed, the barriers to clinical use of transcriptomic data continue to crumble. Here we review the current literature around the use of transcriptomics in kidney cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil S Syed
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New haven, Ct, USA
| | - Joseph Brito
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New haven, Ct, USA
| | - Aydin Pooli
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Shuch
- Institute of Urologic Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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207
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Peng XS, Yang JP, Qiang YY, Sun R, Cao Y, Zheng LS, Peng LX, Lang YH, Mei Y, Li CZ, Meng DF, Liu ZJ, Wang MD, Zhou FJ, Huang BJ, Qian CN. PTPN3 Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Inhibition of PI3K/AKT Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:903-912. [PMID: 32169891 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanism driving clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) progression is still to be explored. The significant downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 3 (PTPN3) expression in the tumor tissues suggested its protective role in ccRCC progression. IHC analysis of PTPN3 protein in 172 ccRCC tissue revealed that PTPN3 was an independently favorable prognostic factor for progression-free survival (P = 0.0166) and overall survival (P = 0.0343) of patients. The ccRCC cell lines SN12C, 1932, ACHN, and Caki-1 were used to evaluate, both in vitro and in vivo, the biological roles of PTPN3. We observed that overexpression of PTPN3 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells. In contrast, the knocking down of PTPN3 elicited opposite effects. Overexpressing PTPN3 inhibited xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis displayed by the in vivo mice models. PTPN3 inhibited tumor cell motility by suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT, and subsequently inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of renal cell carcinoma cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of phospho-AKTThr308 and phospho-AKTSer473 reversed PTPN3-induced silencing in tumor cell migration. Our work revealed that the overexpression of PTPN3 could suppress kidney cancer progression by negatively regulating the AKT signaling pathway, and served as a favorable prognostic factor in patients with ccRCC. Our findings provided insight that PTPN3 could be a potential target for therapy aiming to inhibit the malignant behaviors of ccRCC. IMPLICATIONS: PTPN3 is an independent favorable prognostic factor for patients with ccRCC and could be a potential target for therapy aiming to inhibit the malignant behaviors of ccRCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/chemistry
- Phosphorylation
- Prognosis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 3/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 3/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/antagonists & inhibitors
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Si Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ping Yang
- Department of radiation oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Cerebrocranial Disease, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Sheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Fang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Dian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Jian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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208
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Modeling clear cell renal cell carcinoma and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 39:3413-3426. [PMID: 32123314 PMCID: PMC7194123 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises a diverse group of malignancies arising from the nephron. The most prevalent type, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is characterized by genetic mutations in factors governing the hypoxia signaling pathway, resulting in metabolic dysregulation, heightened angiogenesis, intratumoral heterogeneity, and deleterious tumor microenvironmental (TME) crosstalk. Identification of specific genetic variances has led to therapeutic innovation and improved survival for patients with ccRCC. Current barriers to effective long-term therapeutic success highlight the need for continued drug development using improved modeling systems. ccRCC preclinical models can be grouped into three broad categories: cell line, mouse, and 3D models. Yet, the breadth of important unanswered questions in ccRCC research far exceeds the accessibility of model systems capable of carrying them out. Accordingly, we review the strengths, weaknesses, and therapeutic implications of each model system that are relied upon today.
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209
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Ma Q, Hou L, Gao X, Yan K. NKAP promotes renal cell carcinoma growth via AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:574-581. [PMID: 32032976 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common site for malignant tumours worldwide leading to a high risk of death. NKAP is a conserved nuclear protein that has critical roles in the development, maturation, and functional acquisition of T cells, iNKT cells, and cancers. But the function and underlying mechanism of NKAP in RCC is still unknown. Knockdown of NKAP by siRNA interference (siNKAP) was used to explore the roles of NAKP in human RCC cells. Here, we found that siNKAP strongly inhibited the proliferation and motility of Ketr-3 and 786-0 cells and induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 in the siNKAP group was strongly decreased, while the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, and cleaved Caspase-9 was significantly increased. Finally, to identify the potential mechanisms, we detected related proteins of the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway by western blot assay. We found that siNKAP significantly inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. The findings for the first time reveal that the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway is involved in the oncogenic role of NKAP in RCC, which provides an important basis for exploring the molecular regulation mechanism of RCC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: There is an urgent need to study the molecular mechanisms involved in RCC to promote the development of early diagnosis and more effective treatment options. This research provides an important basis for exploring the accurate regulatory mechanism of NKAP in RCC and a novel perspective to find the potential utility of NKAP inhibitors for RCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Keqiang Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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210
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Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Prognostic Nutritional Index in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy for Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2020; 43:388-392. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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211
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Bao L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Cao Q, Huang Y, Chen K, Song Z. The Identification of Key Gene Expression Signature and Biological Pathways in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:1712-1726. [PMID: 32194783 PMCID: PMC7052876 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the potential mechanisms contributing to metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), screen the hub genes, associated pathways of metastatic ccRCC and identify potential biomarkers. Methods: The ccRCC metastasis gene expression profile GSE47352 was employed to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). DAVID was performed to assess Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and modules were constructed. The function pathway, prognostic and diagnostic analysis of these hub genes was picked out to estimate their potential effects on metastasis of ccRCC. Results: A total of 873 DEGs were identified (503 upregulated genes and 370 downregulated genes). Meanwhile, top 20 hub genes were displayed. GO analysis showed that the top 20 hub genes were enriched in regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling, positive regulation of DNA replication, protein autophosphorylation, protein tyrosine kinase activity, etc. KEGG analysis indicated these hub genes were enriched in the Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, Pathways in cancer, etc. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for the hub genes disclosed important biological features of metastatic ccRCC. PPI network showed the interaction of top 20 hub genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that some of the hub genes was associated with metastasis, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia cancer and adipogenesis of ccRCC. Some top hub genes were distinctive and new discoveries compared with that of the existing associated researches. Conclusions: Our analysis uncovered that changes in signal pathways such as Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. may be the main signatures of metastatic ccRCC. We identified several candidate biomarkers related with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of ccRCC patients. Accordingly, they might be novel therapeutic targets and used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - ChenChen Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhengshuai Song
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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212
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Papanikolaou D, Ioannidou P, Koukourikis P, Moysidis K, Meditskou S, Koutsoumparis D, Hatzimouratidis K, Hatzivassiliou E. Systemic therapy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:137-149. [PMID: 31953002 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) subtype accounts for almost 5% of total RCC cases. It carries the best prognosis among the rest of RCC types. However, patients with metastatic chRCC disease have worse prognosis than patients with advanced clear cell RCC. Furthermore, available data regarding systemic therapy for chRCC patients are scarce and confusing. AIM The aim of this systematic review is to search for and critically appraise studies that investigate the results of systemic therapies in patients diagnosed with metastatic chRCC disease. METHODS Search strategy included PUBMED, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov databases, and abstracts of major conferences with a focus on urologic oncology (till March 2019). Studies investigating patients that were treated with systemic therapy for advanced chRCC disease were included. Primary outcomes were progression-free survival and objective response rate. Secondary outcome was overall survival. Screening of available studies was carried out by 2 groups of reviewers, as well as the quality assessment of the included studies. RESULTS The systematic search yielded 369 studies, of which 15 studies (2 randomized control trials and 13 cohort studies), involving 183 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The 2 randomized control trials that directly compared sunitinib vs. everolimus, suggested an advantage for sunitinib without being statistically significant. Furthermore, sunitinib seems to be superior than sorafenib at least in terms of objective response rate. Regarding mTOR inhibitors, they may have a role in a specific subset of chRCC patients, that needs to be further explored. Finally, as far as immunotherapy is concerned, available data suggest that chRCC seems to be resistant to recent immune check point inhibitors, since just a few tumor responses were observed with the administered immunotherapy regiments. CONCLUSION The optimum therapy for metastatic chRCC is still missing, as results from ongoing trials are awaited. More studies, of high quality and adequate sample size, that will be based on the specific biology of chRCC, have to be carried out in order to identify the best treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papanikolaou
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Pinelopi Ioannidou
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Periklis Koukourikis
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Moysidis
- Second Department of Urology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Koutsoumparis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eudoxia Hatzivassiliou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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213
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Specimen Handling: Radical and Partial Nephrectomy Specimens. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28333-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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214
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Lopez-Beltran A, Raspollini MR, Cheng L, Scarpelli M, Cimadamore A, Santoni M, Gasparrini S, Montironi R. Staging and Reporting of Renal Cell Carcinomas. KIDNEY CANCER 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28333-9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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215
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Prognostic urinary miRNAs for the assessment of small renal masses. Clin Biochem 2020; 75:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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216
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Li Z, Hu J, Qin Z, Tao Y, Lai Z, Wang Q, Li T. High-dimensional single-cell proteomics analysis reveals the landscape of immune cells and stem-like cells in renal tumors. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23155. [PMID: 31855296 PMCID: PMC7246380 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal tumors are highly heterogeneous, and identification of tumor heterogeneity is an urgent clinical need for effective treatment. Mass cytometry (MC) can be used to perform high‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis of heterogeneous samples via cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF), in order to achieve more accurate observation and classification of phenotypes within a cell population. This study aimed to develop a high‐dimensional MC method for the detection and analysis of heterogeneity in renal tumors. Materials and Methods We collected tissue samples from 8 patients with different types of renal tumors. Single‐cell suspensions were prepared and stained using a panel of 28 immune cell‐centric antibodies and a panel of 21 stem‐like cell‐centric antibodies. The stained cells were detected using CyTOF. Result Renal tumors were divided into 25 immune cell subsets (4 CD4+ T cells, 7 CD8+ T cells, 1 B cells, 8 macrophages, 1 dendritic cells, 2 natural killer (NK) cells, 1 granulocyte, and 1 other subset) and 7 stem‐like cells subsets (based on positivity of vimentin, CD326, CD34, CD90, CD13, CD44, and CD47). Different types of renal tumors have different cell subsets with significantly different characteristics. Conclusion High‐dimensional single‐cell proteomics analysis using MC aids in the discovery and analysis of renal tumors heterogeneity. Additionally, it can be used to accurately classify the immune cell population and analyze the expression of stem cell‐related markers in renal tumors. Our findings provide a valuable resource for deciphering tumor heterogeneity and might improve the clinical management of patients with renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuting Tao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Lai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, Nanning, China.,Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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217
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Franco I, Helgadottir HT, Moggio A, Larsson M, Vrtačnik P, Johansson A, Norgren N, Lundin P, Mas-Ponte D, Nordström J, Lundgren T, Stenvinkel P, Wennberg L, Supek F, Eriksson M. Whole genome DNA sequencing provides an atlas of somatic mutagenesis in healthy human cells and identifies a tumor-prone cell type. Genome Biol 2019; 20:285. [PMID: 31849330 PMCID: PMC6918713 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lifelong accumulation of somatic mutations underlies age-related phenotypes and cancer. Mutagenic forces are thought to shape the genome of aging cells in a tissue-specific way. Whole genome analyses of somatic mutation patterns, based on both types and genomic distribution of variants, can shed light on specific processes active in different human tissues and their effect on the transition to cancer. RESULTS To analyze somatic mutation patterns, we compile a comprehensive genetic atlas of somatic mutations in healthy human cells. High-confidence variants are obtained from newly generated and publicly available whole genome DNA sequencing data from single non-cancer cells, clonally expanded in vitro. To enable a well-controlled comparison of different cell types, we obtain single genome data (92% mean coverage) from multi-organ biopsies from the same donors. These data show multiple cell types that are protected from mutagens and display a stereotyped mutation profile, despite their origin from different tissues. Conversely, the same tissue harbors cells with distinct mutation profiles associated to different differentiation states. Analyses of mutation rate in the coding and non-coding portions of the genome identify a cell type bearing a unique mutation pattern characterized by mutation enrichment in active chromatin, regulatory, and transcribed regions. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of normal cells from healthy donors identifies a somatic mutation landscape that enhances the risk of tumor transformation in a specific cell population from the kidney proximal tubule. This unique pattern is characterized by high rate of mutation accumulation during adult life and specific targeting of expressed genes and regulatory regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Franco
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Hafdis T Helgadottir
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malin Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Vrtačnik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nina Norgren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Lundin
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (DBB), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Mas-Ponte
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johan Nordström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Wennberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Fran Supek
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Eriksson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Center for Innovative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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218
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Pal K, Madamsetty VS, Dutta SK, Wang E, Angom RS, Mukhopadhyay D. Synchronous inhibition of mTOR and VEGF/NRP1 axis impedes tumor growth and metastasis in renal cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:31. [PMID: 31840081 PMCID: PMC6895165 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known for its highly vascular phenotype which is associated with elevated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF). Accordingly, VEGF has been an attractive target for antiangiogenic therapies in ccRCC. Two major strategies have hitherto been utilized for VEGF-targeted antiangiogenic therapies: targeting VEGF by antibodies, ligand traps or aptamers, and targeting the VEGF receptor signaling via antibodies or small-molecule tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In the present article we utilized two entirely different approaches: targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway that is known to be involved in VEGF synthesis, and disruption of VEGF/Neuroplin-1 (NRP1) axis that is known to activate proangiogenic and pro-tumorigenic signaling in endothelial and tumor cells, respectively. Everolimus (E) and a small-molecule inhibitor EG00229 (G) were used for the inhibition of mTOR and the disruption of VEGF/NRP1 axis, respectively. We also exploited a liposomal formulation decorated with a proprietary tumor-targeting-peptide (TTP) to simultaneously deliver these two agents in a tumor-targeted manner. The TTP-liposomes encapsulating both Everolimus and EG00229 (EG-L) demonstrated higher in vitro and in vivo growth retardation than the single drug-loaded liposomes (E-L and G-L) in two different ccRCC models and led to a noticeable reduction in lung metastasis in vivo. In addition, EG-L displayed remarkable inhibition of tumor growth in a highly aggressive syngeneic immune-competent mouse model of ccRCC developed in Balb/c mice. Taken together, this study demonstrates an effective approach to achieve improved therapeutic outcome in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
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219
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Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers in the Urinary Peptidome of the Small Renal Mass. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2366-2376. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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220
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Chong WC, Cain JE. Lessons learned from the developmental origins of childhood renal cancer. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2561-2577. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chin Chong
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Jason E. Cain
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical Research Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash University Clayton Victoria Australia
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221
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Hu F, Zeng W, Liu X. A Gene Signature of Survival Prediction for Kidney Renal Cell Carcinoma by Multi-Omic Data Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225720. [PMID: 31739630 PMCID: PMC6888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC), which is the most common subtype of kidney cancer, has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. In this study, a multi-omics analysis is performed to build a multi-gene prognosis signature for KIRC. A combination of a DNA methylation analysis and a gene expression data analysis revealed 863 methylated differentially expressed genes (MDEGs). Seven MDEGs (BID, CCNF, DLX4, FAM72D, PYCR1, RUNX1, and TRIP13) were further screened using LASSO Cox regression and integrated into a prognostic risk score model. Then, KIRC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. A univariate cox regression analysis revealed a significant association between the high-risk group and a poor prognosis. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that the risk group performs well in predicting overall survival. Furthermore, the risk group is contained in the best multivariate model that was obtained by a multivariate stepwise analysis, which further confirms that the risk group can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker. In addition, a nomogram was established for the best multivariate model and shown to perform well in predicting the survival of KIRC patients. In summary, a seven-MDEG signature is a powerful prognosis factor for KIRC patients and may provide useful suggestions for their personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Hu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wenying Zeng
- Department of Water Resources and Hydro-elctricity Engineering, College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-631-5688523
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222
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Di Meo A, Batruch I, Brown MD, Yang C, Finelli A, Jewett MA, Diamandis EP, Yousef GM. Searching for prognostic biomarkers for small renal masses in the urinary proteome. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2315-2325. [PMID: 31465112 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently diagnosed incidentally as an early-stage small renal mass (SRM; pT1a, ≤4 cm). Overtreatment of patients with benign or clinically indolent SRMs is increasingly common and has resulted in a recent shift in treatment recommendations. There are currently no available biomarkers that can accurately predict clinical behavior. Therefore, we set out to identify early biomarkers of RCC progression. We employed a quantitative label-free liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics approach and targeted parallel-reaction monitoring to identify and validate early, noninvasive urinary biomarkers for RCC-SRMs. In total, we evaluated 115 urine samples, including 33 renal oncocytoma (≤4 cm) cases, 30 progressive and 26 nonprogressive clear cell RCC (ccRCC)-SRM cases, in addition to 26 healthy controls. We identified six proteins, which displayed significantly elevated expression in clear cell RCC-SRMs (ccRCC-SRMs) relative to healthy controls. Proteins C12ORF49 and EHD4 showed significantly elevated expression in ccRCC-SRMs compared to renal oncocytoma (≤4 cm). Additionally, proteins EPS8L2, CHMP2A, PDCD6IP, CNDP2 and CEACAM1 displayed significantly elevated expression in progressive relative to nonprogressive ccRCC-SRMs. A two-protein signature (EPS8L2 and CCT6A) showed significant discriminatory ability (areas under the curve: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.93) in distinguishing progressive from nonprogressive ccRCC-SRMs. Patients (Stage I-IV) with EPS8L2 and CCT6A mRNA alterations showed significantly shorter overall survival (p = 1.407 × 10-6 ) compared to patients with no alterations. Our in-depth proteomic analysis identified novel biomarkers for early-stage RCC-SRMs. Pretreatment characterization of urinary proteins may provide insight into early RCC progression and could potentially help assign patients to appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Di Meo
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marshall D Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Chuance Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Jewett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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223
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Massari F, Nunno VD, Mollica V, Montironi R, Cheng L, Cimadamore A, Blanca A, Lopez-Beltran A. Immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma from poverty to the spoiled of choice. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1507-1521. [PMID: 31663411 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has been enriched by the advent of new therapeutic compounds. The approval of new combination strategies between targeted agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors as well as the administration of combinations between immune-checkpoint inhibitors has clearly demonstrated significant improvement toward patients' prognosis and other clinical outcomes. Due to the availability of different treatments, the choice between them may be a difficult issue in our clinical practice. We have summarized current knowledge about available treatments focusing on criteria, which may help clinicians to make decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, United Hospital, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, United Hospital, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ana Blanca
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Lopez-Beltran
- Department of Pathology & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba University, Cordoba, Spain
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224
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Jing L, Guigonis JM, Borchiellini D, Durand M, Pourcher T, Ambrosetti D. LC-MS based metabolomic profiling for renal cell carcinoma histologic subtypes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15635. [PMID: 31666664 PMCID: PMC6821699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) are classified according to their histological features. Accurate classification of RCC and comprehensive understanding of their metabolic dysregulation are of critical importance. Here we investigate the use of metabolomic analyses to classify the main RCC subtypes and to describe the metabolic variation for each subtype. To this end, we performed metabolomic profiling of 65 RCC frozen samples (40 clear cell, 14 papillary and 11 chromophobe) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. OPLS-DA multivariate analysis based on metabolomic data showed clear discrimination of all three main subtypes of RCC (R2 = 75.0%, Q2 = 59.7%). The prognostic performance was evaluated using an independent cohort and showed an AUROC of 0.924, 0.991 and 1 for clear cell, papillary and chromophobe RCC, respectively. Further pathway analysis using the 21 top metabolites showed significant differences in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism between three RCC subtypes. In conclusion, this study shows that metabolomic profiling could serve as a tool that is complementary to histology for RCC subtype classification. An overview of metabolic dysregulation in RCC subtypes was established giving new insights into the understanding of their clinical behaviour and for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Jing
- Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à lEnergie Atomique, Nice, France.,Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), school of medicine, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Marie Guigonis
- Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à lEnergie Atomique, Nice, France.,Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), school of medicine, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Matthieu Durand
- Urology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut de biosciences et biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à lEnergie Atomique, Nice, France. .,Laboratory Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), school of medicine, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Central Laboratory of Anatomopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
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225
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Costa JG, Saraiva N, Batinic-Haberle I, Castro M, Oliveira NG, Fernandes AS. The SOD Mimic MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+ Reduces the Viability and Migration of 786-O Human Renal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100490. [PMID: 31627290 PMCID: PMC6826590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cancer. The importance of oxidative stress in the context of this disease has been described, although there is only little information concerning the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes. The importance of SOD in different pathological conditions promoted the development of SOD mimics (SODm). As such, manganese(III) porphyrins can mimic the natural SOD enzymes and scavenge different reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus modulating the cellular redox status. In this study, the exposure of 786-O human renal cancer cells to MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (MnP), a very promising SODm, led to a concentration and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and in the cell proliferation indices, as well as to an increase in apoptosis. No relevant effects in terms of micronuclei formation were observed. Moreover, the exposure to MnP resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular ROS, presumably due to the generation of H2O2 by the inherent redox mechanisms of MnP, along with the limited ability of cancer cells to detoxify this species. Although the MnP treatment did not result in a reduction in the collective cell migration, a significant decrease in chemotactic migration was observed. Overall, these results suggest that MnP has a beneficial impact on reducing renal cancer cell viability and migration and warrant further studies regarding SODm-based therapeutic strategies against human renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- João G Costa
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Matilde Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nuno G Oliveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana S Fernandes
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
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226
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Chen Q, Liu T, Bao Y, Zhao T, Wang J, Wang H, Wang A, Gan X, Wu Z, Wang L. CircRNA cRAPGEF5 inhibits the growth and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma via the miR-27a-3p/TXNIP pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:68-77. [PMID: 31629934 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported to act as important regulators in cancers. CircRNA RAPGEF5 (cRAPGEF5) is derived from exons 2-6 of the RAPGEF5 gene and may promote papillary thyroid cancer progression. However, the role of cRAPGEF5 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. In this study, we found cRAPGEF5 to be significantly downregulated in RCC tissues. Among 245 RCC cases, cRAPGEF5 downregulation correlated positively with aggressive clinical characteristics and independently predicted poor overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Functional assays demonstrated that cRAPGEF5 suppresses RCC proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA Immunoprecipitation and circRNA in vivo precipitation assays showed that cRAPGEF5 functions as a sponge of oncogenic miR-27a-3p, which targets the suppressor gene TXNIP. Interactions between miR-27a-3p and cRAPGEF5 or TXNIP were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. In conclusion, cRAPGEF5 plays a role in suppressing RCC via the miR-27a-3p/TXNIP pathway and may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Tangliang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xinxin Gan
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Fu Y, Sun S, Man X, Kong C. Increased expression of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma predicts poor prognosis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7854. [PMID: 31592165 PMCID: PMC6778431 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was previously reported to play a dual role in promoting or suppressing tumorigenesis in various malignancies. A public dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to evaluate the role of RUNX1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues and normal tissues. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and logistic regression were utilized to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological factors and RUNX1 expression. Additionally, we analysed the differences in prognosis between patients with high and low expression of RUNX1 via the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the mechanisms of RUNX1 in ccRCC. Results The expression of RUNX1 in ccRCC tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues. High expression of RUNX1 was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.003), clinical stage (p < 0.001), tissue infiltration (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.037) and histological grade (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high RUNX1 expression was significantly correlated with gender (OR = 1.71 for male vs. female, p = 0.004), histological grade (OR = 11.61 for grade IV vs. I, p < 0.001), clinical stage (OR = 1.55 for stage III/IV vs. I/II, p = 0.014) and tissue infiltration (OR = 1.54 for positive vs. negative, p = 0.018). Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed that the prognosis of patients with ccRCC with high RUNX1 expression was worse than that of patients with ccRCC with low RUNX1 expression (p < 0.001). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that high RUNX1 expression was strongly correlated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.60, 95% CI [1.31–1.97], p < 0.001). In addition, high expression of RUNX1 was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (OS), with an HR of 1.50 (95% CI [1.20–1.87], p < 0.001) in multivariate Cox analysis. GSEA showed that the apoptosis, B cell receptor signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, JAK/STAT signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, p53 signalling pathway, pathways in cancer, T cell receptor signalling pathway, Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, VEGF signalling pathway, and Wnt signalling pathway were significantly enriched in the RUNX1 high-expression phenotype. In conclusion, RUNX1 can be used as a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Departments of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,Departments of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaojun Man
- Departments of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Departments of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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228
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Tang H, Liu J, Fu C, Sun M, Zhao L, Wei M, Yu Z, Wang P. Bioinformatics Analysis Suggests the Combined Expression of AURKB and KIF18B Being an Important Event in the Development of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1583-1594. [PMID: 31489573 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma with high metastatic rate and high mortality rate, needing to find potential therapeutic targets and develop new therapy methods. The bioinformatics analysis was used in this study to find the targets. Firstly, the expression profile of ccRCC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE53757 dataset were used to identify the significant up-regulated genes. IL20RB, AURKB and KIF18B with the top efficiency of capable of diagnosis ccRCC from para cancer tissue, were over-expressed in ccRCC samples, and expressed increasedly with the development of ccRCC. There was the closest correlation between AURKB and KIF18B in these three over-expressed genes. AURKB (high) or KIF18B (high) were all significantly correlated with higher T, N, M stage, G grade and shorter overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients. Furthermore, the ccRCC patients with AURKB (high) + KIF18B (high) showed worse clinical characteristics and prognosis. Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated AURKB (high) and KIF18B (high) were all the independent prognostic risk factor without considering the interaction of AURKB and KIF18B. Moreover, considering the combination of each other, only AURKB (high) + KIF18B (high) expression was an independent prognostic risk factor for ccRCC patients, but not other situations. Collectively, AURKB was closely associated with KIF18B, and the combined expression of AURKB and KIF18B may be of great significance in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Haichao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China. .,Liaoning Engineering Technology Research Center for the Research, Development and Industrialization of Innovative Peptide Drugs, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning, China.
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Wang C, Ding M, Zhu YY, Hu J, Zhang C, Lu X, Ge J, Wang JJ, Zhang C. Circulating miR-200a is a novel molecular biomarker for early-stage renal cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41544-019-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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230
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Toward a genome-based treatment landscape for renal cell carcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 142:141-152. [PMID: 31401421 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about molecular mechanisms driving development and progression of renal cell carcinoma has been elucidated by different studies. In few years we discovered a large difference between genomic landscapes of clear cell and non-clear cell carcinoma. Moreover, tumor heterogeneity and different acquisition of gene mutations during tumor progression are issues of particular interest. In this review we focalized our attention on principal genomic alterations identified among RCC subtypes. Acquired gene mutations may be an adaptive response to several external pressure including metabolic, treatment, genomic and immune-related external pressure. Thus we correlated and discussed principal genomic alterations adopted by tumor to escape from each external pressures. The aim of the present work is to summarize current knowledge about genomic alterations in RCC with special interest of treatment strategies tailored on the basis of disease mutations assessment.
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231
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Xie L, Wang Q, Dang Y, Ge L, Sun X, Li N, Han Y, Yan Z, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang H, Guo X. OSkirc: a web tool for identifying prognostic biomarkers in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3103-3110. [PMID: 31368353 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a free and quick analysis online tool that allows users to easily investigate the prognostic potencies of interesting genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Patients & methods: A total of 629 KIRC cases with gene expression profiling data and clinical follow-up information are collected from public Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. Results: One web application called Online consensus Survival analysis for KIRC (OSkirc) that can be used for exploring the prognostic implications of interesting genes in KIRC was constructed. By OSkirc, users could simply input the gene symbol to receive the Kaplan-Meier survival plot with hazard ratio and log-rank p-value. Conclusion: OSkirc is extremely valuable for basic and translational researchers to screen and validate the prognostic potencies of genes for KIRC, publicly accessible at http://bioinfo.henu.edu.cn/KIRC/KIRCList.jsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yifang Dang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Linna Ge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yali Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Software, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
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232
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Feng X, Zhang L, Tu W, Cang S. Frequency, incidence and survival outcomes of clear cell renal cell carcinoma in the United States from 1973 to 2014: A SEER-based analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16684. [PMID: 31374051 PMCID: PMC6708618 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological and prognostic data focusing on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are rarely presented. This study was aimed to define the frequency, incidence, and survival outcomes of ccRCC in the United States.The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was searched for patients with ccRCC from 1973 to 2014. Two patient cohorts were utilized: patient cohorts of SEER 18 registries and 9 registries. Overall survival was determined with Kaplan-Meier method and compared across groups with log-rank test.The incidence rate of ccRCC increased with advancing age, peaked in individuals aged 60 to 79 years, and declined in individuals aged ≥80 years. The incidence rate of ccRCC was significantly higher in males than females (1.94: 1, P < .0001), in Whites than Blacks or others (1:0.79:0.91, P < .0001). The incidence rate of ccRCC with right side as primary origin was slightly but significantly higher than that with left side as primary origin (1:0.96, P = .0006). The incidence rate of ccRCC in Grade II was higher than other grades. Generally, the incidence rates of ccRCC in most circumstances started to surge in the middle 1990s. Survival outcomes of ccRCC worsened with advancing age at diagnosis, tumor grade, and stage. A better prognosis was observed in females than males, in Whites than Blacks, and in individuals diagnosed in 2006 to 2014 than 1973 to 2005.To the best of our knowledge, the present study firstly presented long-term and updated epidemiological and prognostic data concerning ccRCC in the United States. Significant differences in incidence rates and survival outcomes stratified by different variables were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan
| | - Wenzhi Tu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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234
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Makhov P, Joshi S, Ghatalia P, Kutikov A, Uzzo RG, Kolenko VM. Resistance to Systemic Therapies in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Management Strategies. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 17:1355-1364. [PMID: 29967214 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of kidney cancer. It is categorized into various subtypes, with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) representing about 85% of all RCC tumors. The lack of sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation therapy prompted research efforts into novel treatment options. The development of targeted therapeutics, including multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and mTOR inhibitors, has been a major breakthrough in ccRCC therapy. More recently, other therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, have emerged as effective treatment options against advanced ccRCC. Furthermore, recent advances in disease biology, tumor microenvironment, and mechanisms of resistance formed the basis for attempts to combine targeted therapies with newer generation immunotherapies to take advantage of possible synergy. This review focuses on the current status of basic, translational, and clinical studies on mechanisms of resistance to systemic therapies in ccRCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1355-64. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Makhov
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shreyas Joshi
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pooja Ghatalia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexander Kutikov
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert G Uzzo
- Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir M Kolenko
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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235
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Pal K, Madamsetty VS, Dutta SK, Mukhopadhyay D. Co-delivery of everolimus and vinorelbine via a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in RCC. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5109-5123. [PMID: 31371950 PMCID: PMC6636461 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s204221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is notorious for its resistance towards chemotherapy and radiation therapy in general. Combination therapy is often helpful in alleviating the resistance mechanisms by targeting multiple signaling pathways but is usually more toxic than monotherapy. Co-encapsulation of multiple therapeutic agents in a tumor-targeted drug delivery platform is a promising strategy to mitigate these limitations. Methods A tumor-targeted liposomal formulation was prepared using phospholipids, cholesterol, DSPE-(PEG)2000-OMe and a proprietary tumor-targeting-peptide (TTP)-conjugated lipopeptide. An efficient method was optimized to encapsulate everolimus and vinorelbine in this liposomal formulation. Single drug-loaded liposomes were also prepared for comparison. Finally, the drug-loaded liposomes were tested in vitro and in vivo in two different RCC cell lines. Results The tumor-targeted liposomal formulation demonstrated excellent tumor-specific uptake. The dual drug-loaded liposomes exhibited significantly higher growth inhibition in vitro compared to the single drug-loaded liposomes in two different RCC cell lines. Similarly, the dual drug-loaded liposomes demonstrated significantly higher suppression of tumor growth compared to the single drug-loaded liposomes in two different subcutaneous RCC xenografts. In addition, the dual drug-loaded liposomes instigated significant reduction in lung metastasis in those experiments. Conclusion Taken together, this study demonstrates that co-delivery of everolimus and vinorelbine with a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation is an effective approach to achieve improved therapeutic outcome in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Vijay Sagar Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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236
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Mei J, Hu K, Peng X, Wang H, Liu C. Decreased expression of SLC16A12 mRNA predicts poor prognosis of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16624. [PMID: 31348313 PMCID: PMC6708703 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute carrier family 16, member 12 (SLC16A12) is a highly -expressed protein in the kidney and has been reported to participate in the transport of creatine. However, the clinical values of SLC16A12 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been explored.SLC16A12 RNA-seq data and clinical information were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We compared its expression in ccRCC and paracancerous tissues, then the result was further validated with our cohort. The impact on the clinical significance of SLC16A12 in ccRCC was also assessed.Compared with paracancerous tissue, SLC16A12 was significantly downregulated in the tumor tissues both in mRNA and protein level. In TCGA cohort, SLC16A12 mRNA expression was associated with several clinicopathological parameters, including T stages (P < .001), M stages (P = .009), TNM stages (P < .001), and differentiated grades (P = .001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall survival of patients with low expression of SLC16A12 mRNA was significantly worse than that of patients with high expression (P < .001). Furthermore, both univariate (HR = 0.371, 95%CI: 0.269-0.513, P < .001) and multivariate (HR = 0.485, 95%CI: 0.297-0.793, P = .004) Cox regression analyses suggested that low expression of SLC16A12 mRNA was an independent prognostic factor for patients with ccRCC.Overall, we uncovered that decreased expression of SLC16A12 is a poor prognostic factor for patients with ccRCC. SLC16A12 might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mei
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Kehan Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiafeng Peng
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
| | - Chaoying Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi
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237
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Weijin F, Zhibin X, Shengfeng Z, Xiaoli Y, Qijian D, Jiayi L, Qiumei L, Yilong C, Hua M, Deyun L, Jiwen C. The clinical significance of PYCR1 expression in renal cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16384. [PMID: 31305441 PMCID: PMC6641676 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) is an enzyme involved in cell metabolism and is upregulated in cancer. However, the correlations of PYCR1 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression of PYCR1 and its clinical relevance in RCC patients.PYCR1 mRNA expression differences between RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues were assessed using the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Subsequently, the expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunochemistry using 30 paired frozen samples of RCC and the adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein expression of PYCR1 was evaluated by immunostaining formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of RCC samples from 96 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy, and its relationship with clinical features were analyzed. Nonpaired t tests were used to statistically analyze the differences between the 2 groups. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses of overall survival (OS) among RCC patients were performed.The expression of PYCR1 mRNA was significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared to adjacent normal renal tissues in the TCGA database (P < .01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.748. The expression of PYCR1 mRNA and protein was significantly upregulated in RCC compared with that in paired normal renal tissues (P < .01). Higher PYCR1 levels were associated with metastasis (P < .01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that higher PYCR1 expression was correlated with poorer OS. Therefore, PYCR1 may act as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Weijin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Xie Zhibin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Zheng Shengfeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Yang Xiaoli
- Scientific Research Center, GuiLin Medical University, GuiLin
| | - Ding Qijian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Liu Jiayi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guang, Xi Medical University, NanNing, GuangXi, China
| | - Liang Qiumei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Chen Yilong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Mi Hua
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Liu Deyun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
| | - Cheng Jiwen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, NanNing
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Chen P, Wang H, Zhang W, Chen Y, Lv Y, Wu D, Guo M, Deng H. Loss of BAP1 Results in Growth Inhibition and Enhances Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Kidney Tumor Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1320-1329. [PMID: 30992312 PMCID: PMC6601205 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a member of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase family of deubiquitinating enzymes and is implicated in transcriptional regulation. The BAP1 gene is mutated in about 10% of patients with ccRCC, the most common form of renal cancer, suggesting that BAP1 is a tumor suppressor. However, whether BAP1 influences the progression of ccRCC tumors expressing wild-type (WT) BAP1 is unclear. Here, we assessed the expression and function of BAP1 using human ccRCC specimens and cell lines. Analysis of datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed that lower BAP1 expression is correlated with longer overall survival of ccRCC patients. We established human ccRCC cell lines with stable BAP1 knockout and performed multiomic analysis of BAP1-mediated cellular processes. BAP1 knockout downregulated proteins associated with protein synthesis, resulting in decreased cell growth. Importantly, loss of BAP1 decreased the formation of stress fibers and membrane protrusions and induced migration and invasion defects. BAP1 knockout in ccRCC cells also downregulated the expression of transcriptional repressor protein Snail and decreased the activity of Rho family GTPases, promoting the cells to undergo mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Unexpectedly, quantitative proteomics also showed that BAP1 knockout increased expression of several amino acid transporters and multiple tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor. Overall, our results suggest that BAP1 regulates multiple cellular processes, and we also uncover a new role for BAP1 in controlling mesenchymal-epithelial transition in ccRCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengsheng Chen
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences
| | - Huan Wang
- §MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences
| | - Yuling Chen
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences;; ¶Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lv
- ‖Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Center of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- ‖Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Center of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- ‖Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Center of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- From the ‡MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences;.
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239
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Kang HW, Seo SP, Kim WT, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Kim WJ, Hwang EC, Kang SH, Hong SH, Chung J, Kwon TG, Kim HH, Kwak C, Byun SS, Kim YJ. A Low Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is Associated with Aggressive Pathologic Characteristics and Poor Survival after Nephrectomy in Clear Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:88-97. [PMID: 31155957 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1621357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigated the prognostic significance of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) in patients with surgically treated clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Patients and methods: We retrospectively selected 4,591 consecutive patients with surgically treated ccRCC from a multi-institutional Korean collaboration between 1988 and 2015. The clinical significance of the GNRI as a continuous and categorical variable was determined.Results: Preoperative low GNRI was significantly associated with older age, low body mass index, presence of diabetes, poor performance status, and presence of symptoms at diagnosis, as well as pathologic features such as aggressive tumor characteristics including large tumor size, advanced stage, high nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, sarcomatous differentiation, and tumor necrosis. A low GNRI was significantly associated with a short recurrence-free survival (RFS) in localized (pT1-2N0M0) ccRCC and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in the entire cohort, and with short RFS and CSS in the subgroup analysis according to age categories (≤65 and >65 years). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that preoperative GNRI, as a continuous or categorical variable, was an independent predictor of RFS and CSS.Conclusion: Malnutrition as assessed by the preoperative GNRI is associated with aggressive tumor characteristics and poor survival in patients with surgically treated ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Pil Seo
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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240
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An essential role for GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization in exacerbating the malignancy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 35:471-483. [PMID: 31102011 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fructose is an important alternative carbon source for several tumors, and GLUT5 is the major fructose transporter which mediates most of fructose uptake in cells. So far, it is unclear whether GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization is important for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we demonstrated that GLUT5 was highly expressed in a panel of ccRCC cell lines. High GLUT5 expression exacerbated the neoplastic phenotypes of ccRCC cells, including cell proliferation and colony formation. On the other hand, deletion of the GLUT5-encoding gene SLC2A5 dramatically attenuated cellular malignancy via activating the apoptotic pathway. Moreover, administration of 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM), a competitive inhibitor of fructose uptake, could markedly suppress ccRCC cell growth. Together, we provide a new mechanistic insight for GLUT5-mediated fructose utilization in ccRCC cells and highlight the therapeutic potential for targeting this metabolic pathway against ccRCC.
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241
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Coy HJ, Douek ML, Ruchalski K, Kim HJ, Gutierrez A, Patel M, Sai V, Margolis DJA, Kaplan A, Brown M, Goldin J, Raman SS. Components of Radiologic Progressive Disease Defined by RECIST 1.1 in Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Radiology 2019; 292:103-109. [PMID: 31084479 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Progression-free survival (PFS) determined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) is the reference standard to assess efficacy of treatments in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Purpose To assess the most common components of radiologic progressive disease as defined by RECIST 1.1 in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and how the progression events impact PFS. Materials and Methods This secondary analysis of the phase III METEOR trial conducted between 2013 and 2014 included patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with at least one target lesion at baseline and one follow-up time point, who were determined according to RECIST 1.1 to have progressive disease. A chest, abdominal, and pelvic scan were acquired at each time point. Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to test differences in median PFS among the RECIST 1.1 progression events. The Holm-Bonferroni method was used to compare the median PFS of the progression events for the family-wise error rate of 5% to adjust P values for multiple comparisons. Results Of the 395 patients (296 men, 98 women, and one patient with sex not reported; mean age, 61 years ± 10), 73 (18.5%) had progression due to non-target disease, 105 (26.6%) had new lesions, and 126 (31.9%) had progression of target lesions (defined by an increase in the sum of diameters). Patients with progression of non-target disease and those with new lesions had shorter PFS than patients with progression defined by the target lesions (median PFS, 2.8 months [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.9 months, 3.7 months] and 3.6 months [95% CI: 3.3 months, 3.7 months] vs 5.4 months [95% CI: 5.0 months, 5.5 months], respectively [P < .01]). Conclusion The most common causes for radiologic progression of renal cell carcinoma were based on non-target disease and new lesions rather than change in target lesions, despite this being considered uncommon in the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 literature. © RSNA, 2019 See also the editorial by Kuhl in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi J Coy
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Michael L Douek
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Kathleen Ruchalski
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Hyun J Kim
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Antonio Gutierrez
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Maitrya Patel
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Victor Sai
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Daniel J A Margolis
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Andrew Kaplan
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Matthew Brown
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
| | - Steven S Raman
- From the Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 615, Los Angeles, CA 90049 (H.J.C., M.L.D., K.R., H.J.K., A.G., M.P., V.S., A.K., M.B., J.G., S.S.R.); Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (H.J.K.); Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (D.M.); Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.S.R.)
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Christensen MB, Wadt K, Jensen UB, Lautrup CK, Bojesen A, Krogh LN, van Overeem Hansen T, Gerdes AM. Exploring the hereditary background of renal cancer in Denmark. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215725. [PMID: 31034483 PMCID: PMC6488054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every year more than 800 patients in Denmark are diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of which 3-5% are expected to be part of a hereditary renal cancer syndrome. We performed genetic screening of causative and putative RCC-genes (VHL, FH, FLCN, MET, SDHB, BAP1, MITF, CDKN2B) in RCC-patients suspected of a genetic predisposition. METHODS The cohort consisted of forty-eight Danish families or individuals with early onset RCC, a family history of RCC, a family history of RCC and melanoma or both RCC- and melanoma diagnosis in the same individual. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples or cancer-free formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS One start codon variant of unknown clinical significance (VUS) (c.3G>A, p.Met1Ile) and one missense VUS (c.631A>C, p.Met211Leu) was found in VHL in a patient with RCC-onset at twenty-eight years of age but without other manifestations or family history of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). Furthermore, in three families we found three different variants in BAP1, one of which was a novel non-segregating missense variant (c.1502G>A, p.Ser501Asn) in a family with two brothers affected with RCC. Finally, we found the known E318K-substitution in MITF in a RCC-affected member of a family with multiple melanomas. No variants were detected in CDKN2B. CONCLUSION Although we did find three VUS's in BAP1 in three families and a pathogenic variant in MITF in one family, pathogenic germline variants in BAP1, MITF or CDKN2B are not frequent causes of hereditary renal cancer in Denmark. It is possible that the high prevalence of risk factors such as male gender, smoking and obesity has influenced the development of cancer in the patients of the current study. Further investigations into putative predisposing genes and risk factors of RCC are necessary to enable better prediction of renal cancer risk or presymptomatic testing of relatives in hereditary renal cancer families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sygehus Lillebaelt, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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243
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Strizova Z, Taborska P, Stakheev D, Partlová S, Havlova K, Vesely S, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. NK and T cells with a cytotoxic/migratory phenotype accumulate in peritumoral tissue of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:503-509. [PMID: 31030972 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal urologic malignancy with increasing incidence worldwide. The conventional treatment strategies for advanced or recurrent RCC are not efficient and show considerable toxicities. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has become a promising treatment option for multiple cancers, particularly in combination with other therapeutic approaches. ACT often utilizes extensively in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, TILs are a very heterogeneous mix of cell populations and only those populations that have a cytotoxic and migratory potential are thought to deliver a therapeutic impact in ACT. The identification and localization of these therapeutically potent populations are therefore needed. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total number of 57 tissue samples from 19 RCC patients who underwent radical nephrectomy was analyzed. The tissue samples were obtained from the tumor, peritumoral tissue, and the adjacent healthy renal tissue. The tissues were sliced, enzymatically dissociated into single cell suspensions and the obtained cells further analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of markers of lymphocyte cytotoxicity - TRAIL and FasL, and a surrogate marker of lymphocyte migratory activity - PECAM-1. The analyzed data were next correlated with the clinical and histopathological data. RESULTS Non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC) tumors showed a significantly decreased tumor infiltration with TRAIL+FasL+ NK cells but elevated infiltration with FasL+PECAM-1+ T cells as compared with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tumors. Further analyses revealed that the peritumoral tissue of ccRCC patients is a reservoir of TRAIL+FasL+, TRAIL+PECAM-1+, or FasL+PECAM-1+ NK and T cells. CONCLUSIONS The cytotoxic/migratory lymphocytes were identified in tumors of ccRCC patients. These lymphocytes became excluded from the tumor and accumulated in the patient's peritumoral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Taborska
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Dmitry Stakheev
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Partlová
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Havlova
- Department of Urology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Vesely
- Department of Urology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Institute of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Czech Republic.
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244
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Zhang S, Zhang E, Long J, Hu Z, Peng J, Liu L, Tang F, Li L, Ouyang Y, Zeng Z. Immune infiltration in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:1564-1572. [PMID: 30861269 PMCID: PMC6501001 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune infiltration of tumors is closely associated with clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Tumor‐infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) regulate cancer progression and are appealing therapeutic targets. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of TIICs in RCC and further reveal the independent prognostic values of TIICs. CIBERSORT, an established algorithm, was applied to estimate the proportions of 22 immune cell types based on gene expression profiles of 891 tumors. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of TIICs and immune checkpoint modulators with overall survival (OS). We found that CD8+ T cells were associated with prolonged OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI].01‐.53; P = 0.03) in chromophobe carcinoma (KICH). A higher proportion of regulatory T cells was associated with a worse outcome (HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.23‐.06; P < 0.01) in renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). In renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), M1 macrophages were associated with a favorable outcome (HR = .43, 95% CI .25‐.72; P < 0.01), while M2 macrophages indicated a worse outcome (HR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.45‐4.47; P < 0.01). Moreover, the immunomodulator molecules CTLA4 and LAG3 were associated with a poor prognosis in KIRC, and IDO1 and PD‐L2 were associated with a poor prognosis in KIRP. This study indicates TIICs are important determinants of prognosis in RCC meanwhile reveals potential targets and biomarkers for immunotherapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Erdong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Long
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zuquan Hu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fuzhou Tang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Duyun, China
| | - Yan Ouyang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Naher S, Padinharakam S, Balakrishnar B, Chua W, Descallar J, Adams D, de Souza P, Harrison M, Lim S. Patterns of Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Non-clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients in 2 Tertiary Referral Centers in Sydney, Australia. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:e565-e569. [PMID: 30935815 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) and renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features (scRCC) are rare, and represent subtypes with less defined treatment strategies. The aim of this study is to describe the patterns of care and outcomes of these patients in 2 tertiary referral centers in South Western Sydney Local Health District over a 10-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with RCC seen at South Western Sydney Local Health District from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 were identified from electronic medical records. For each patient, we extracted details regarding demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, recurrences, and survival, which was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Of 178 patients with RCC identified between 2005 and 2015, 23% (n = 41) had nccRCC and 8% (n = 15) had scRCC. Twenty-five patients in total had de novo metastatic disease or disease recurrence. The median follow-up was 46 and 16 months for nccRCC and scRCC, respectively. The median overall survival for nccRCC with metastatic disease was 34 months (range, 14 months to not reached). Seventy percent of these patients received systemic therapy. By contrast, the median overall survival for scRCC with metastatic disease was 10 months (range, 1.6-89 months). Less than one-half of the patients with scRCC received systemic therapy in our cohort, with only 34% receiving no more than 1 line of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the rapid and aggressive course of scRCC, highlighting the need for more effective therapeutic strategies in this rare patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda Naher
- Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Shamsudheen Padinharakam
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Wei Chua
- Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Descallar
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Adams
- Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul de Souza
- Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Western Sydney University, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Harrison
- Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie Lim
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia; Western Sydney University, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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246
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Gill TS, Varghese BA, Hwang DH, Cen SY, Aron M, Aron M, Duddalwar VA. Juxtatumoral perinephric fat analysis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2019; 44:1470-1480. [PMID: 30506142 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-018-1848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT)-based texture analysis (CTTA) metrics to differentiate between juxtatumoral perinephric fat (JPF) surrounding low-grade (ISUP 1-2) versus high-grade (ISUP 3-4) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS In this IRB-approved study, we retrospectively queried the surgical database between June 2009 and April 2016 and identified 83 patients with pathologically confirmed ccRCC (low grade: n = 54, mean age = 61.5 years, 18F/35M; high grade n = 30, mean age = 61.7 years, 8F/22M) who also had pre-operative multiphase CT acquisitions. CT images were transferred to a 3D workstation, and nephrographic phase JPF regions were manually segmented. Using an in-house developed Matlab program, a CTTA panel comprising of texture metrics extracted using six different methods, histogram, 2D- and 3D-Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and Gray-level difference matrix (GLDM), and 2D-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analyses, was applied to the segmented images to assess JPF textural heterogeneity in low- versus high-grade ccRCC. Univariate analysis and receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) analysis were used to assess interclass differences in texture metrics and their prediction accuracy, respectively. RESULTS All methods except GLCM consistently revealed increased heterogeneity in the JPF surrounding high- versus low-grade ccRCC. FFT showed increased complexity index (p < 0.01). Histogram analysis showed increased kurtosis and positive skewness in (p < 0.03), and GLDM analysis showed decreased measure of correlation coefficient (MCC) (p < 0.04). Several of the GLCM metrics showed statistically significant (p < 0.04) textural differences between the two groups, but with no consistent trend. ROC analysis showed that MCC in GLCM analysis had an area under the curve of 0.75. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CTTA of ccRCC shows statistically significant textural differences in JPF surrounding high- versus low-grade ccRCC.
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Nayman AH, Siginc H, Zemheri E, Yencilek F, Yildirim A, Telci D. Dual-Inhibition of mTOR and Bcl-2 Enhances the Anti-tumor Effect of Everolimus against Renal Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo. J Cancer 2019; 10:1466-1478. [PMID: 31031856 PMCID: PMC6485234 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the predominant type of kidney cancer. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus is currently used as a second-line therapy for sorafenib or sunitinib-refractory metastatic RCC patients. The clinical limitation confronted during everolimus therapy is the onset of drug resistance that decreases the efficacy of the drug. Elevated level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein is proposed to be an emerging feedback loop for the acquired drug-resistance in various cancer types. In this study, the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 was used in combination with everolimus to enhance its anti-tumor effectiveness in everolimus-resistant RCC cell lines. Everolimus and ABT-737 combination synergistically led to a decrease in the proliferation of primary site A-498 and metastatic site Caki-1 RCC cell lines, which was accompanied by a reduction in protein levels of cell cycle and mTOR pathway proteins. In both RCC cell lines, everolimus-ABT-737 combination not only induced apoptosis, caspase and PARP-1 cleavage but also a decrease in Bcl-2 protein levels in parallel with a concomitant increase in Bim and Noxa levels. In order to confirm our in vitro findings, we have generated everolimus-resistant RenCa cell line (RenCares) to establish a RCC mouse xenograft model. Animals co-treated with everolimus and ABT-737 exhibited a complete suppression of tumor growth without any notable toxicity. This study thus proposes the everolimus-ABT-737 combination as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RCC to overcome the current clinical problem of everolimus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Hande Nayman
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kayisdagi Cad., 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halime Siginc
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kayisdagi Cad., 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Zemheri
- Department of Pathology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Yencilek
- Yeditepe University, Faculty/School of Medicine, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asif Yildirim
- Department of Urology/Faculty of Medicine, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kayisdagi Cad., 34755, Istanbul, Turkey
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248
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Zhang B, Wu Q, Wang Z, Xu R, Hu X, Sun Y, Wang Q, Ju F, Ren S, Zhang C, Qin L, Ma Q, Zhou YL. The promising novel biomarkers and candidate small molecule drugs in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput data. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e607. [PMID: 30793530 PMCID: PMC6503072 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is the most common subtype of renal tumor. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIRC pathogenesis remain little known. The purpose of our study was to identify potential key genes related to the occurrence and prognosis of KIRC, which could serve as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for KIRC. Methods Three gene expression profiles from gene expression omnibus database were integrated to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) using limma package. Enrichment analysis and PPI construction for these DEGs were performed by bioinformatics tools. We used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database to further analyze the expression and prognostic values of hub genes. The GEPIA database was used to further validate the bioinformatics results. The Connectivity Map was used to identify candidate small molecules that could reverse the gene expression of KIRC. Results A total of 503 DEGs were obtained. The PPI network with 417 nodes and 1912 interactions was constructed. Go and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were most significantly enriched in excretion and valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, respectively. Six DEGs with high degree of connectivity (ACAA1, ACADSB, ALDH6A1, AUH, HADH,and PCCA) were selected as hub genes, which significantly associated with worse survival of patients. Finally, we identified the top 20 most significant small molecules and pipemidic acid was the most promising small molecule to reverse the KIRC gene expression. Conclusions This study first uncovered six key genes in KIRC which contributed to improving our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of KIRC pathogenesis. ACAA1, ACADSB, ALDH6A1, AUH, HADH,and PCCA could serve as the promising novel biomarkers for KIRC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China.,The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China.,The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Ziheng Wang
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China.,Department of Medicine, Nantong University Xinling college, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Ran Xu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University Xinling college, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ju
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Ren
- Department of Medicine, Nantong University Xinling college, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Chenlin Zhang
- Department of Spine, Chinese medicine hospital, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qin
- Department of Urology, The First people's Hospital of Taicang City, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Emergency office, Wuxi Center for disease control and prevention, Wuxi, P.R. China
| | - You Lang Zhou
- The Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
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Elghiaty A, Kim J, Jang WS, Park JS, Heo JE, Rha KH, Choi YD, Ham WS. Preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score as a novel immune-nutritional predictor of survival in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma of ≤ 7 cm on preoperative imaging. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:957-965. [PMID: 30758671 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at investigating the prognostic value of Preoperative controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score in non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma of ≤ 7 cm on preoperative imaging. METHODS We retrospectively included 1046 among 1637 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy for solid renal masses ≤ 7 cm (2005-2014) after excluding other pathology, conditions affecting CONUT score components, metastasis, regional lymphadenopathy, positive margin, and follow-up < 12 months. We defined high and low CONUT according to cut-off of (2). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis was used to predict factors affecting recurrence and survival. Kaplan-Meier curve was used for survival analysis. RESULTS The median age and follow-up were 56 years and 63 months, respectively. 41 patients had recurrence (3.9%). CONUT was a predictor for recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival (HR 3.09, P = 0.003 and HR 4.66, P = 0.004 and HR 2.81, P = 0.003, respectively). A higher CONUT was significantly associated with worse 5 years recurrence-free (88.2% vs. 97.1%), cancer-specific (96.2% vs. 98.8%) and overall (90.9% vs. 96.5%) survival (log-rank, P = < 0.001, P = 0.006 and P = < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The preoperative CONUT is an independent prognostic marker for survival after curative surgery for non-metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma of ≤ 7 cm on preoperative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elghiaty
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.,Department of Urology, Tanta University College of Medicine, Tanta, 31512, Egypt
| | - Jongchan Kim
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Won Sik Jang
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jee Soo Park
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Heo
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Koon Ho Rha
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Won Sik Ham
- Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Hahn AW, Nussenzveig RH, Maughan BL, Agarwal N. Cell-free Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC): Current Knowledge and Potential Uses. KIDNEY CANCER 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/kca-180048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Hahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Roberto H. Nussenzveig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Maughan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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