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Shi M, Paquette B, Thippayamontri T, Gendron L, Guérin B, Sanche L. Increased radiosensitivity of colorectal tumors with intra-tumoral injection of low dose of gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5323-5333. [PMID: 27789945 PMCID: PMC5068480 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as radiosensitizers for the treatment of malignant tumors has been limited by the large quantities of GNPs that must be administered and the requirement for low-energy X-ray irradiation to optimize radiosensitization. In this study, we enhance the radiosensitivity of HCT116 human colorectal cells with tiopronin-coated GNPs (Tio-GNPs) combined with a low-energy X-ray (26 keV effective energy) source, similar to the Papillon 50 clinical irradiator used for topical irradiation of rectal tumors. Sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.48 and 1.69 were measured in vitro, when the HCT116 cells were incubated with 0.1 mg/mL and 0.25 mg/mL of Tio-GNPs, respectively. In nude mice bearing the HCT116 tumor, intra-tumoral (IT) injection of Tio-GNPs allowed a 94 times higher quantity of Tio-GNPs to accumulate than was possible by intravenous injection and facilitated a significant tumor response. The time following irradiation, for tumors growing to four times their initial tumor volume (4Td) was 54 days for the IT injection of 366.3 μg of Tio-GNPs plus 10 Gy, compared to 37 days with radiation alone (P=0.0018). Conversely, no significant improvement was obtained when GNPs were injected intravenously before tumor irradiation (P=0.6547). In conclusion, IT injection of Tio-GNPs combined with low-energy X-rays can significantly reduce the growth of colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Center for Research in Radiotherapy
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Center for Research in Radiotherapy
| | | | - Louis Gendron
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Center for Research in Radiotherapy
| | - Léon Sanche
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Center for Research in Radiotherapy
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Berbeco RI, Detappe A, Tsiamas P, Parsons D, Yewondwossen M, Robar J. Low Z target switching to increase tumor endothelial cell dose enhancement during gold nanoparticle-aided radiation therapy. Med Phys 2016; 43:436. [PMID: 26745936 DOI: 10.1118/1.4938410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have introduced gold nanoparticles as vascular-disrupting agents during radiation therapy. Crucial to this concept is the low energy photon content of the therapy radiation beam. The authors introduce a new mode of delivery including a linear accelerator target that can toggle between low Z and high Z targets during beam delivery. In this study, the authors examine the potential increase in tumor blood vessel endothelial cell radiation dose enhancement with the low Z target. METHODS The authors use Monte Carlo methods to simulate delivery of three different clinical photon beams: (1) a 6 MV standard (Cu/W) beam, (2) a 6 MV flattening filter free (Cu/W), and (3) a 6 MV (carbon) beam. The photon energy spectra for each scenario are generated for depths in tissue-equivalent material: 2, 10, and 20 cm. The endothelial dose enhancement for each target and depth is calculated using a previously published analytic method. RESULTS It is found that the carbon target increases the proportion of low energy (<150 keV) photons at 10 cm depth to 28% from 8% for the 6 MV standard (Cu/W) beam. This nearly quadrupling of the low energy photon content incident on a gold nanoparticle results in 7.7 times the endothelial dose enhancement as a 6 MV standard (Cu/W) beam at this depth. Increased surface dose from the low Z target can be mitigated by well-spaced beam arrangements. CONCLUSIONS By using the fast-switching target, one can modulate the photon beam during delivery, producing a customized photon energy spectrum for each specific situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross I Berbeco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Alexandre Detappe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Panogiotis Tsiamas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - David Parsons
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Mammo Yewondwossen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - James Robar
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1V7, Canada
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203
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Mousavi M, Nedaei HA, Khoei S, Eynali S, Khoshgard K, Robatjazi M, Iraji Rad R. Enhancement of radiosensitivity of melanoma cells by pegylated gold nanoparticles under irradiation of megavoltage electrons. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:214-221. [PMID: 27705054 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1231944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gold nanoparticles (GNP) have significant potential as radiosensitizer agents due to their distinctive properties. Several studies have shown that the surface modification of nanoparticles with methyl polyethylene glycol (mPEG) can increase their biocompatibility. However, the present study investigated the radiosensitization effects of mPEG-coated GNP (mPEG-GNP) in B16F10 murine melanoma cells under irradiation of 6 MeV Electron beam. MATERIALS AND METHODS The synthesized GNP were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential. Enhancement of radiosensitization was evaluated by the clonogenic assay at different radiation doses of megavoltage electron beams. RESULTS It was observed that mPEG-GNP with a hydrodynamic size of approximately 50 nm are almost spherical and cellular uptake occurred at all concentrations. Both proliferation efficiency and survival fraction decreased with increasing mPEG-GNP concentration. Furthermore, significant GNP sensitization occurred with a maximum dose enhancement factor of 1.22 at a concentration of 30 μM. CONCLUSIONS Pegylated-GNP are taken up by B16F10 cancer cells and cause radiosensitization in the presence of 6 MeV electrons. The radiosensitization effects of GNP may probably be due to biological processes. Therefore, the underlying biological mechanisms beyond the physical dose enhancement need to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mousavi
- a Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hassan Ali Nedaei
- a Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Radiotherapy and Radiobiology Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- c Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Samira Eynali
- a Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Karim Khoshgard
- d Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Mostafa Robatjazi
- a Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Rasoul Iraji Rad
- e Biomolecular Image Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Iran
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204
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McKinnon S, Engels E, Tehei M, Konstantinov K, Corde S, Oktaria S, Incerti S, Lerch M, Rosenfeld A, Guatelli S. Study of the effect of ceramic Ta2O5 nanoparticle distribution on cellular dose enhancement in a kilovoltage photon field. Phys Med 2016; 32:1216-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Banoqitah E, Djouider F. Dose Distribution and Dose Enhancement by Using Gadolinium Nanoparticles Implant in Brain Tumor in Stereotactic Brachytherapy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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206
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Cho J, Wang M, Gonzalez-Lepera C, Mawlawi O, Cho SH. Development of bimetallic (Zn@Au) nanoparticles as potential PET-imageable radiosensitizers. Med Phys 2016; 43:4775. [PMID: 27487895 PMCID: PMC4967079 DOI: 10.1118/1.4958961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are being investigated actively for various applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. As an effort to improve the imaging of GNPs in vivo, the authors developed bimetallic hybrid Zn@Au NPs with zinc cores and gold shells, aiming to render them in vivo visibility through positron emission tomography (PET) after the proton activation of the zinc core as well as capability to induce radiosensitization through the secondary electrons produced from the gold shell when irradiated by various radiation sources. METHODS Nearly spherical zinc NPs (∼5-nm diameter) were synthesized and then coated with a ∼4.25-nm gold layer to make Zn@Au NPs (∼13.5-nm total diameter). 28.6 mg of these Zn@Au NPs was deposited (∼100 μm thick) on a thin cellulose target and placed in an aluminum target holder and subsequently irradiated with 14.15-MeV protons from a GE PETtrace cyclotron with 5-μA current for 5 min. After irradiation, the cellulose matrix with the NPs was placed in a dose calibrator to assess the induced radioactivity. The same procedure was repeated with 8-MeV protons. Gamma ray spectroscopy using an high-purity germanium detector was conducted on a very small fraction (<1 mg) of the irradiated NPs for each proton energy. In addition to experimental measurements, Monte Carlo simulations were also performed with radioactive Zn@Au NPs and solid GNPs of the same size irradiated with 160-MeV protons and 250-kVp x-rays. RESULTS The authors measured 168 μCi of activity 32 min after the end of bombardment for the 14.15-MeV proton energy sample using the (66)Ga setting on a dose calibrator; activity decreased to 2 μCi over a 24-h period. For the 8-MeV proton energy sample, PET imaging was additionally performed for 5 min after a 12-h delay. A 12-h gamma ray spectrum showed strong peaks at 511 keV (2.05 × 10(6) counts) with several other peaks of smaller magnitude for each proton energy sample. PET imaging showed strong PET signals from mostly decaying (66)Ga. The Monte Carlo results showed that radioactive Zn@Au NPs and solid GNPs provided similar characteristics in terms of their secondary electron spectra when irradiated. CONCLUSIONS The Zn@Au NPs developed in this investigation have the potential to be used as PET-imageable radiosensitizers for radiotherapy applications as well as PET tracers for molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Cho
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Lepera
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Osama Mawlawi
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sang Hyun Cho
- Departments of Radiation Physics and Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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Štefančíková L, Lacombe S, Salado D, Porcel E, Pagáčová E, Tillement O, Lux F, Depeš D, Kozubek S, Falk M. Effect of gadolinium-based nanoparticles on nuclear DNA damage and repair in glioblastoma tumor cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:63. [PMID: 27464501 PMCID: PMC4964094 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-016-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor targeting of radiotherapy represents a great challenge. The addition of multimodal nanoparticles, such as 3 nm gadolinium-based nanoparticles (GdBNs), has been proposed as a promising strategy to amplify the effects of radiation in tumors and improve diagnostics using the same agents. This singular property named theranostic is a unique advantage of GdBNs. It has been established that the amplification of radiation effects by GdBNs appears due to fast electronic processes. However, the influence of these nanoparticles on cells is not yet understood. In particular, it remains dubious how nanoparticles activated by ionizing radiation interact with cells and their constituents. A crucial question remains open of whether damage to the nucleus is necessary for the radiosensitization exerted by GdBNs (and other nanoparticles). Methods We studied the effect of GdBNs on the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the nuclear DNA of U87 tumor cells irradiated with γ-rays. For this purpose, we used currently the most sensitive method of DSBs detection based on high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy coupled with immunodetection of two independent DSBs markers. Results We show that, in the conditions where GdBNs amplify radiation effects, they remain localized in the cytoplasm, i.e. do not penetrate into the nucleus. In addition, the presence of GdBNs in the cytoplasm neither increases induction of DSBs by γ-rays in the nuclear DNA nor affects their consequent repair. Conclusions Our results suggest that the radiosensitization mediated by GdBNs is a cytoplasmic event that is independent of the nuclear DNA breakage, a phenomenon commonly accepted as the explanation of biological radiation effects. Considering our earlier recognized colocalization of GdBNs with the lysosomes and endosomes, we revolutionary hypothesize here about these organelles as potential targets for (some) nanoparticles. If confirmed, this finding of cytoplasmically determined radiosensitization opens new perspectives of using nano-radioenhancers to improve radiotherapy without escalating the risk of pathologies related to genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Štefančíková
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Daniela Salado
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Erika Porcel
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris Sud 11, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Bât 351, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Eva Pagáčová
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - François Lux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Depeš
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang P, Jin X, Zheng X, Ye F, Chen W, Li Q. The synergistic radiosensitizing effect of tirapazamine-conjugated gold nanoparticles on human hepatoma HepG2 cells under X-ray irradiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3517-31. [PMID: 27555772 PMCID: PMC4970453 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reductive drug-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed to enhance the damage of X-rays to cells through improving hydroxyl radical production by secondary electrons. In this work, polyethylene glycol-capped AuNPs were conjugated with tirapazamine (TPZ) moiety, and then thioctyl TPZ (TPZs)-modified AuNPs (TPZs-AuNPs) were synthesized. The TPZs-AuNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectra, dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to have a size of 16.6±2.1 nm in diameter and a TPZs/AuNPs ratio of ~700:1. In contrast with PEGylated AuNPs, the as-synthesized TPZs-AuNPs exhibited 20% increment in hydroxyl radical production in water at 2.0 Gy, and 19% increase in sensitizer enhancement ratio at 10% survival fraction for human hepatoma HepG2 cells under X-ray irradiation. The production of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells exposed to X-rays in vitro demonstrated a synergistic radiosensitizing effect of AuNPs and TPZ moiety. Thus, the reductive drug-conjugated TPZs-AuNPs as a kind of AuNP radiosensitizer with low gold loading provide a new strategy for enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou
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209
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Butterworth KT, Nicol JR, Ghita M, Rosa S, Chaudhary P, McGarry CK, McCarthy HO, Jimenez-Sanchez G, Bazzi R, Roux S, Tillement O, Coulter JA, Prise KM. Preclinical evaluation of gold-DTDTPA nanoparticles as theranostic agents in prostate cancer radiotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2035-47. [PMID: 27463088 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Gold nanoparticles have attracted significant interest in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we evaluated the theranostic potential of dithiolated diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTDTPA) conjugated AuNPs (Au@DTDTPA) for CT-contrast enhancement and radiosensitization in prostate cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS In vitro assays determined Au@DTDTPA uptake, cytotoxicity, radiosensitizing potential and DNA damage profiles. Human PC3 xenograft tumor models were used to determine CT enhancement and radiation modulating effects in vivo. RESULTS Cells exposed to nanoparticles and radiation observed significant additional reduction in survival compared with radiation only. Au@DTDTPA produced a CT enhancement of 10% and a significant extension in tumor growth delay from 16.9 days to 38.3 compared with radiation only. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the potential of Au@DTDTPA to enhance CT-image contrast and simultaneously increases the radiosensitivity of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl T Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - James R Nicol
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Mihaela Ghita
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Soraia Rosa
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Gloria Jimenez-Sanchez
- UTINAM Institute, UMR 6213 CNRS - UFC, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Rana Bazzi
- UTINAM Institute, UMR 6213 CNRS - UFC, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Stéphane Roux
- UTINAM Institute, UMR 6213 CNRS - UFC, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Olivier Tillement
- The Institute of Light and Matter, UMR 5306 CNRS - UCBL, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Jonathan A Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
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210
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Tian L, Lu L, Qiao Y, Ravi S, Salatan F, Melancon MP. Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2016. [PMID: 27455336 PMCID: PMC5040992 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging concept is that cancers strongly depend on both internal and external signals for growth and invasion. In this review, we will discuss pathological and physical changes in the tumor microenvironment and how these changes can be exploited to design gold nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and therapy. These intrinsic changes include extracellular and intracellular pH, extracellular matrix enzymes, and glutathione concentration. External stimuli include the application of laser, ultrasound and X-ray. The biology behind these changes and the chemistry behind the responding mechanisms to these changes are reviewed. Examples of recent in vitro and in vivo studies are also presented, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Yang Qiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
| | - Saisree Ravi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Ferandre Salatan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
| | - Marites P. Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-794-5387
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211
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Tian L, Lu L, Qiao Y, Ravi S, Salatan F, Melancon MP. Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:E19. [PMID: 27455336 PMCID: PMC5040992 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An emerging concept is that cancers strongly depend on both internal and external signals for growth and invasion. In this review, we will discuss pathological and physical changes in the tumor microenvironment and how these changes can be exploited to design gold nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis and therapy. These intrinsic changes include extracellular and intracellular pH, extracellular matrix enzymes, and glutathione concentration. External stimuli include the application of laser, ultrasound and X-ray. The biology behind these changes and the chemistry behind the responding mechanisms to these changes are reviewed. Examples of recent in vitro and in vivo studies are also presented, and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
| | - Linfeng Lu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Yang Qiao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
| | - Saisree Ravi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Ferandre Salatan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
| | - Marites P. Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.T.); (Y.Q.); (F.S.)
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6767 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lin Y, Paganetti H, McMahon SJ, Schuemann J. Gold nanoparticle induced vasculature damage in radiotherapy: Comparing protons, megavoltage photons, and kilovoltage photons. Med Phys 2016; 42:5890-902. [PMID: 26429263 DOI: 10.1118/1.4929975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of gold nanoparticle (GNP) induced vasculature damage for proton, megavoltage (MV) photon, and kilovoltage (kV) photon irradiation. METHODS Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using tool for particle simulation (TOPAS) to obtain the spatial dose distribution in close proximity up to 20 μm from the GNPs. The spatial dose distribution from GNPs was used as an input to calculate the dose deposited to the blood vessels. GNP induced vasculature damage was evaluated for three particle sources (a clinical spread out Bragg peak proton beam, a 6 MV photon beam, and two kV photon beams). For each particle source, various depths in tissue, GNP sizes (2, 10, and 20 nm diameter), and vessel diameters (8, 14, and 20 μm) were investigated. Two GNP distributions in lumen were considered, either homogeneously distributed in the vessel or attached to the inner wall of the vessel. Doses of 30 Gy and 2 Gy were considered, representing typical in vivo enhancement studies and conventional clinical fractionation, respectively. RESULTS These simulations showed that for 20 Au-mg/g GNP blood concentration homogeneously distributed in the vessel, the additional dose at the inner vascular wall encircling the lumen was 43% of the prescribed dose at the depth of treatment for the 250 kVp photon source, 1% for the 6 MV photon source, and 0.1% for the proton beam. For kV photons, GNPs caused 15% more dose in the vascular wall for 150 kVp source than for 250 kVp. For 6 MV photons, GNPs caused 0.2% more dose in the vascular wall at 20 cm depth in water as compared to at depth of maximum dose (Dmax). For proton therapy, GNPs caused the same dose in the vascular wall for all depths across the spread out Bragg peak with 12.7 cm range and 7 cm modulation. For the same weight of GNPs in the vessel, 2 nm diameter GNPs caused three times more damage to the vessel than 20 nm diameter GNPs. When the GNPs were attached to the inner vascular wall, the damage to the inner vascular wall can be up to 207% of the prescribed dose for the 250 kVp photon source, 4% for the 6 MV photon source, and 2% for the proton beam. Even though the average dose increase from the proton beam and MV photon beam was not large, there were high dose spikes that elevate the local dose of the parts of the blood vessel to be higher than 15 Gy even for 2 Gy prescribed dose, especially when the GNPs can be actively targeted to the endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS GNPs can potentially be used to enhance radiation therapy by causing vasculature damage through high dose spikes caused by the addition of GNPs especially for hypofractionated treatment. If GNPs are designed to actively accumulate at the tumor vasculature walls, vasculature damage can be increased significantly. The largest enhancement is seen using kilovoltage photons due to the photoelectric effect. Although no significant average dose enhancement was observed for the whole vasculature structure for both MV photons and protons, they can cause high local dose escalation (>15 Gy) to areas of the blood vessel that can potentially contribute to the disruption of the functionality of the blood vessels in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and Center for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT97AE, Northern Ireland
| | - Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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213
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Jiang X, Du B, Yu M, Jia X, Zheng J. Surface-ligand effect on radiosensitization of ultrasmall luminescent gold nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2016; 9:16420031-16420038. [PMID: 29034008 PMCID: PMC5639719 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545816420037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could serve as potential radiotherapy sensitizers because of their exceptional biocompatibility and high-Z material nature; however, since in vitro and in vivo behaviors of AuNPs are determined not only by their particle size but also by their surface chemistries, whether surface ligands can affect their radiosensitization has seldom been investigated in the radiosensitization of AuNPs. By conducting head-to-head comparison on radiosensitization of two kinds of ultrasmall (~2 nm) near-infrared (NIR) emitting AuNPs that are coated with zwitterionic glutathione and neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands, respectively, we found that zwitterionic glutathione coated AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can reduce survival rates of MCF-7 cells under irradiation of clinically used megavoltage photon beam at low dosage of ~2.25 Gy. On the other hand, PEG-AuNPs can serve as a radiation-protecting agent and enabled MCF-7 cells more resistant to the irradiation, clearly indicating the key role of surface chemistry in radiosensitization of AuNPs. More detailed studies suggested that such difference was independent of cellular uptake and its efficiency, but might be related to the ligand-induced difference in photoelectron generation and/or interactions between AuNPs and X-ray triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingya Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Corresponding author:
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214
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Sun L, Joh DY, Al-Zaki A, Stangl M, Murty S, Davis JJ, Baumann BC, Alonso-Basanta M, Kaol GD, Tsourkas A, Dorsey JF. Theranostic Application of Mixed Gold and Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles in Glioblastoma Multiforme. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2016; 12:347-56. [PMID: 27305768 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2016.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme, the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer in humans, has been limited in part by poor delivery of drugs through the blood-brain barrier and by unclear delineation of the extent of infiltrating tumor margins. Nanoparticles, which selectively accumulate in tumor tissue due to their leaky vasculature and the enhanced permeability and retention effect, have shown promise as both therapeutic and diagnostic agents for brain tumors. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been leveraged as T2-weighted MRI contrast agents for tumor detection and imaging; and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have been demonstrated as radiosensitizers capable of propagating electron and free radical-induced radiation damage to tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the potential applications of novel gold and SPION-loaded micelles (GSMs) coated by polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PEG-PCL) polymer. By quantifying gh2ax DNA damage foci in glioblastoma cell lines, we tested the radiosensitizing efficacy of these GSMs, and found that GSM administration in conjunction with radiation therapy (RT) led to ~2-fold increase in density of double-stranded DNA breaks. For imaging, we used GSMs as a contrast agent for both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of stereotactically implanted GBM tumors in a mouse model, and found that MRI but not CT was sufficiently sensitive to detect and delineate tumor borders after administration and accumulation of GSMs. These results suggest that with further development and testing, GSMs may potentially be integrated into both imaging and treatment of brain tumors, serving a theranostic purpose as both an MRI-based contrast agent and a radiosensitizer.
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215
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Subiel A, Ashmore R, Schettino G. Standards and Methodologies for Characterizing Radiobiological Impact of High-Z Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2016; 6:1651-71. [PMID: 27446499 PMCID: PMC4955064 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the application of high-Z nanoparticles (NPs) in cancer treatment and diagnosis has recently been the subject of growing interest, with much promise being shown with regards to a potential transition into clinical practice. In spite of numerous publications related to the development and application of nanoparticles for use with ionizing radiation, the literature is lacking coherent and systematic experimental approaches to fully evaluate the radiobiological effectiveness of NPs, validate mechanistic models and allow direct comparison of the studies undertaken by various research groups. The lack of standards and established methodology is commonly recognised as a major obstacle for the transition of innovative research ideas into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of radiobiological techniques and quantification methods used in in vitro studies on high-Z nanoparticles and aims to provide recommendations for future standardization for NP-mediated radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Subiel
- ✉ Corresponding author: +44 (0)20 8943 8548; ; National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK
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216
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Hau H, Khanal D, Rogers L, Suchowerska N, Kumar R, Sridhar S, McKenzie D, Chrzanowski W. Dose enhancement and cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles in colon cancer cells when irradiated with kilo- and mega-voltage radiation. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:94-102. [PMID: 29313009 PMCID: PMC5689506 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in the field of radiotherapy, healthy tissue damage continues to constrain the dose that can be prescribed in cancer therapy. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been proposed as a solution to minimize radiation‐associated toxicities by enhancing the radiation dose delivered locally to tumor cells. In the current study, we investigated the application of third‐generation GNPs in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures and whether there is synergy between the nanoparticles and kilo‐ or mega‐voltage radiation to cause augmented cytotoxicity. The 10‐nm GNPs were found to be nontoxic in both 2D and 3D in vitro cultures of colon cancer cells at concentrations of up to 10–25 µg/ml. There was a significant increase in cell survival fraction reduction following exposure to 1 Gy of kilo‐voltage (18.3%) and 2 Gy of mega‐voltage (35.3%) radiation when the cells were incubated with 50 µg/ml of GNPs. The biocompatibility of the GNPs combined with their substantial synergy with radiation encourages further investigations into their application in targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Hau
- Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Linda Rogers
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Natalka Suchowerska
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia.,School of Physics The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center and Dept. of Physics Northeastern University Boston MA 02115
| | - Srinivas Sridhar
- Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center and Dept. of Physics Northeastern University Boston MA 02115
| | - David McKenzie
- School of Physics The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia.,Nanomedicine Science and Technology Center and Dept. of Physics Northeastern University Boston MA 02115.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia.,Australian Institute of Nanoscale Science and Technology The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Sydney, Australia
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217
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Her S, Cui L, Bristow RG, Allen C. Dual Action Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization by Pentamidine in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Radiat Res 2016; 185:549-62. [PMID: 27135970 DOI: 10.1667/rr14315.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a high risk of recurrence and death. Here, we present a novel strategy to enhance the radiotherapy of TNBC by combining gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with pentamidine, a clinically approved anti-parasitic agent with anti-cancer properties. The radiosensitization effects of PEG-stabilized AuNPs (PEG-AuNPs) in combination with pentamidine were evaluated in two human TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436). Our results showed that PEG-AuNPs alone sensitized both cell lines to radiation, achieving dose enhancement factors of 1.26 and 1.15 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436, respectively. In combination with pentamidine, the greatest dose enhancement was achieved in MDA-MB-231 after 24 h of treatment with 500 μM PEG-AuNPs and 20 μM pentamidine (dose enhancement factor of 1.55). Based on the in vitro data, it is projected that this combination would result in a 10 log increase in cell kill compared to radiation alone in a clinical setting, where 50 Gy is administered to breast cancer patients in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism of radiosensitization revealed that the adsorption of pentamidine onto the PEG-AuNP surface increased the cellular uptake of gold compared to PEG-AuNPs alone. In addition, the combination resulted in a significantly greater number of residual DNA double-strand breaks compared to that of either agent alone after a 2 Gy dose. Taken together, the dual action of pentamidine on the physical and biological pathways of radiosensitization by PEG-AuNPs results in superior radiotherapeutic effects of the combined treatment group in MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyoung Her
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Lei Cui
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Robert G Bristow
- b Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics and.,d Ontario Cancer Institute and.,e STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy.,c The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and.,e STTARR Innovation Centre, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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218
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Chang J, Taylor RD, Davidson RA, Sharmah A, Guo T. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigation of Radical Production by Gold Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions Under X-ray Irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2815-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ryan D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - R. Andrew Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Arjun Sharmah
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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219
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Shrestha S, Cooper LN, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Antosh MP. Gold Nanoparticles for Radiation Enhancement in Vivo. JACOBS JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2016; 3:026. [PMID: 28725881 PMCID: PMC5513501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the effect of radiation on tumors would be a significant improvement in radiation therapy. With radiation enhancement, less radiation could be used to achieve the same goals, lessening damage to healthy tissue and lessening side effects. Gold nanoparticles are a promising method for achieving this enhancement, particularly when the gold nanoparticles are targeted to cancer. This literature review discusses the properties of gold nanoparticles as well as existing in vivo radiation enhancement results using both targeted and non-targeted gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samana Shrestha
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Leon N Cooper
- Institute for Brain and Neural Systems, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02906
- Department of Physics, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02906
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881
| | - Michael P. Antosh
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, 2 Lippitt Rd, Kingston, RI, 02881
- Institute for Brain and Neural Systems, Brown University, 184 Hope St, Providence, RI, 02906
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220
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Colloidal Gold-Mediated Delivery of Bleomycin for Improved Outcome in Chemotherapy. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6030048. [PMID: 28344305 PMCID: PMC5302526 DOI: 10.3390/nano6030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) can be used to overcome the side effects of poor distribution of anticancer drugs. Among other NPs, colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) offer the possibility of transporting major quantities of drugs due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. This is while confining these anticancer drugs as closely as possible to their biological targets through passive and active targeting, thus ensuring limited harmful systemic distribution. In this study, we chose to use bleomycin (BLM) as the anticancer drug due to its limited therapeutic efficiency (harmful side effects). BLM was conjugated onto GNPs through a thiol bond. The effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic drug, BLM, is observed by visualizing DNA double strand breaks and by calculating the survival fraction. The action of the drug (where the drug takes effect) is known to be in the nucleus, and our experiments have shown that some of the GNPs carrying BLM were present in the nucleus. The use of GNPs to deliver BLM increased the delivery and therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Having a better control over delivery of anticancer drugs using GNPs will establish a more successful NP-based platform for a combined therapeutic approach. This is due to the fact that GNPs can also be used as radiation dose enhancers in cancer research.
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221
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Cho J, Gonzalez-Lepera C, Manohar N, Kerr M, Krishnan S, Cho SH. Quantitative investigation of physical factors contributing to gold nanoparticle-mediated proton dose enhancement. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:2562-81. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/6/2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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222
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Yeh IC, Wang PW, Liu HY, Wu PC, Hsiao JR, Shieh DB. Integrin Targeted Gold Nanoparticles Potentiate Cancer Radiation Sensitivity: Synthesizing and modifying gold nanorods to target cancer cells. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2015.2507191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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223
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Gandhi AK. Novel agents and treatment techniques to enhance radiotherapeutic outcomes in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:49. [PMID: 26904571 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.10.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix (LACC) using the current standard of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) has reached a plateau over the last two decades. Loco-regional failure in first two years of treatment completion and distant metastasis in the subsequent years has put the survival curves at a halt. Strategies of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy have yielded little as has any advancement in techniques of delivery of radiation therapy. This article aims at discussing the current existing literature as well as promising novel strategies to enhance radiotherapeutic outcomes in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. METHODS The review of English literature included phase I-III trials evaluating either a novel agent, novel application/modifications of an existing treatment regimen or an innovative treatment technique. The studies have been divided in to subsections with summary of most important findings at the end of each section. RESULTS Despite CCRT being the 'gold standard' treatment, several issues like optimum drug combination, schedule of drug delivery, combination with molecular targeted agents etc. remain undefined. Taxane, topoisomerase and gemcitabine based regimen needs to be further explored and compared with cisplatin based CCRT regimen. Several approaches like local delivery of cytotoxic agents, use of nano-medicine with CCRT are appearing on horizon with promises for the future. Therapies need to be designed based on the human papillomavirus titers of the patients and incorporation of radiosensitizers as an effective way of palliation with short course of radiotherapy may further enhance the radiotherapeutic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the studies with novel agents and treatment techniques appear promising. Further research in this arena including incorporation of cost-effectiveness analysis and quality of life issues in future trial designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kumar Gandhi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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224
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Ma X, Hui H, Jin Y, Dong D, Liang X, Yang X, Tan K, Dai Z, Cheng Z, Tian J. Enhanced immunotherapy of SM5-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma by conjugating with gold nanoparticles and its in vivo bioluminescence tomographic evaluation. Biomaterials 2016; 87:46-56. [PMID: 26897539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SM5-1 is a humanized mouse monoclonal antibody, targeting an over-expressed membrane protein of approximately 230 kDa in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SM5-1 can be used for target therapy in hepatocellular carinoma due to its ability of inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis. However, the tumor inhibition efficacy of SM5-1 in HCC cancer treatment remains low. In this study, we synthesized SM5-1-conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-SM5-1 NPs) and investigated their anticancer efficacy in HCC both in vitro and in vivo. The tumor inhibition rates of Au-SM5-1 NPs for subcutaneous tumor mice were 40.10% ± 4.34%, 31.37% ± 5.12%, and 30.63% ± 4.87% on day 12, 18, and 24 post-treatment as determined by bioluminescent intensity. In addition, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of Au-SM5-1 NPs in orthotopic HCC tumor models. The results showed that the inhibition rates of Au-SM5-1 NPs can reach up to 39.64% ± 4.87% on day 31 post-treatment determined by the bioluminescent intensity of the abdomen in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, three-dimensional reconstruction results of the orthotopic tumor revealed that Au-SM5-1 NPs significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with SM5-1 alone. Our results suggested that the developed Au-SM5-1 NPs has great potential as an antibody-based nano-drug for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA, 94305-5344, USA; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Hui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yushen Jin
- Nanomedicine and Biosensor Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Di Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ke Tan
- Educational Technology Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, CA, 94305-5344, USA.
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing, 100190, China.
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225
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Popovtzer A, Mizrachi A, Motiei M, Bragilovski D, Lubimov L, Levi M, Hilly O, Ben-Aharon I, Popovtzer R. Actively targeted gold nanoparticles as novel radiosensitizer agents: an in vivo head and neck cancer model. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2678-2685. [PMID: 26757746 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07496g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A major problem in the treatment of head and neck cancer today is the resistance of tumors to traditional radiation therapy, which results in 40% local failure, despite aggressive treatment. The main objective of this study was to develop a technique which will overcome tumor radioresistance by increasing the radiation absorbed in the tumor using cetuximab targeted gold nanoparticles (GNPs), in clinically relevant energies and radiation dosage. In addition, we have investigated the biological mechanisms underlying tumor shrinkage and the in vivo toxicity of GNP. The results showed that targeted GNP enhanced the radiation effect and had a significant impact on tumor growth (P < 0.001). The mechanism of radiation enhancement was found to be related to earlier and greater apoptosis (TUNEL assay), angiogenesis inhibition (by CD34 level) and diminished repair mechanism (PCNA staining). Additionally, GNPs have been proven to be safe as no evidence of toxicity has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Popovtzer
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel. and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Aviram Mizrachi
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel. and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Menachem Motiei
- Faculty of Engineering & The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Dimitri Bragilovski
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Leon Lubimov
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Mattan Levi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Hilly
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Irit Ben-Aharon
- Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel. and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachela Popovtzer
- Faculty of Engineering & The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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226
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McQuaid HN, Muir MF, Taggart LE, McMahon SJ, Coulter JA, Hyland WB, Jain S, Butterworth KT, Schettino G, Prise KM, Hirst DG, Botchway SW, Currell FJ. Imaging and radiation effects of gold nanoparticles in tumour cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19442. [PMID: 26787230 PMCID: PMC4726169 DOI: 10.1038/srep19442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle radiosensitization represents a novel technique in enhancement of ionising radiation dose and its effect on biological systems. Variation between theoretical predictions and experimental measurement is significant enough that the mechanism leading to an increase in cell killing and DNA damage is still not clear. We present the first experimental results that take into account both the measured biodistribution of gold nanoparticles at the cellular level and the range of the product electrons responsible for energy deposition. Combining synchrotron-generated monoenergetic X-rays, intracellular gold particle imaging and DNA damage assays, has enabled a DNA damage model to be generated that includes the production of intermediate electrons. We can therefore show for the first time good agreement between the prediction of biological outcomes from both the Local Effect Model and a DNA damage model with experimentally observed cell killing and DNA damage induction via the combination of X-rays and GNPs. However, the requirement of two distinct models as indicated by this mechanistic study, one for short-term DNA damage and another for cell survival, indicates that, at least for nanoparticle enhancement, it is not safe to equate the lethal lesions invoked in the local effect model with DNA damage events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold N. McQuaid
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark F. Muir
- Camlin Technologies Ltd. Lisburn, BT28 2EX, N.Ireland, UK
| | - Laura E. Taggart
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen J. McMahon
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Coulter
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Wendy B. Hyland
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Suneil Jain
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT9 7AB, UK
| | - Karl T. Butterworth
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Kevin M. Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - David G. Hirst
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stanley W. Botchway
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Fred J. Currell
- Centre for Plasma Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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227
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McMahon SJ, Paganetti H, Prise KM. Optimising element choice for nanoparticle radiosensitisers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:581-9. [PMID: 26645621 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the use of heavy atom nanoparticles as theranostic contrast agents due to their high radiation cross-section compared to soft tissue. However, published studies have primarily focused on applications of gold nanoparticles. This study applies Monte Carlo radiation transport modelling using Geant4 to evaluate the macro- and micro-scale radiation dose enhancement following X-ray irradiation with both imaging and therapeutic energies on nanoparticles consisting of stable elements heavier than silicon. An approach based on the Local Effect Model was also used to assess potential biological impacts. While macroscopic dose enhancement is well predicted by simple absorption cross-sections, nanoscale dose deposition has a much more complex dependency on atomic number, with local maxima around germanium (Z = 32) and gadolinium (Z = 64), driven by variations in secondary Auger electron spectra, which translate into significant variations in biological effectiveness. These differences may provide a valuable tool for predicting and elucidating fundamental mechanisms of these agents as they move towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J McMahon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Harald Paganetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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228
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Belhout SA, Kim JY, Hinds DT, Owen NJ, Coulter JA, Quinn SJ. Multifunctional and robust composite materials comprising gold nanoparticles at a spherical polystyrene particle surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:14388-14391. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of composite particles comprising gold nanoparticles (4.5–26 nm) assembled at a polystyrene (PS) surface with tunable loading is reported with wide ranging potentials from cellular studies to catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - David T. Hinds
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | | | | | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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229
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Bao Z, He M, Quan H, Jiang D, Zheng Y, Qin W, Zhou Y, Ren F, Guo M, Jiang C. FePt nanoparticles: a novel nanoprobe for enhanced HeLa cells sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03990a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work exhibited high therapeutic efficacy of FePt nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy without apparent cytotoxicity, suggesting the potential of FePt nanoparticles as a promising nanoprobe in improving the outcome of tumor chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Bao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Mingyang He
- College of Life Sciences
- Wuhan University
- 430072 Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Hong Quan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Dazhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Yanhong Zheng
- Oncology Department
- Tongji Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science & Technology
- PR China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- PR China
| | - Feng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- College of Life Sciences
- Wuhan University
- 430072 Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures of the Ministry of Education and Center for Electronic Microscopy and Department of Physics
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- PR China
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230
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Arab-Bafrani Z, Saberi A, Tahmasebi Birgani MJ, Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Abbasian M, Fesharaki M. Gold Nanoparticle and Mean Inactivation Dose of Human Intestinal Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-29153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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231
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Martínez‐Rovira I, Prezado Y. Evaluation of the local dose enhancement in the combination of proton therapy and nanoparticles. Med Phys 2015; 42:6703-10. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4934370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Martínez‐Rovira
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 7 and 11, Campus Universitaire, Bât. 440, 1er étage, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, Orsay Cedex 91406, France
| | - Y. Prezado
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 7 and 11, Campus Universitaire, Bât. 440, 1er étage, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, Orsay Cedex 91406, France
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232
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Song G, Liang C, Gong H, Li M, Zheng X, Cheng L, Yang K, Jiang X, Liu Z. Core-Shell MnSe@Bi2 Se3 Fabricated via a Cation Exchange Method as Novel Nanotheranostics for Multimodal Imaging and Synergistic Thermoradiotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6110-6117. [PMID: 26331476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MnSe@Bi2 Se3 core-shell nanostructures with highly integrated imaging and therapy functions are fabricated by a simple cation exchange method. Using those nanoparticles as a theranostic agent, a promise concept is further demonstrated to enhance conventional radiotherapy by: i) using X-ray absorbing agents to locally concentrate radiation energy and ii) employing near-infrared-light-triggered photothermal therapy to overcome hypoxia-associated radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Song
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hua Gong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Meifang Li
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xianchuang Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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233
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Puntes V. Design and pharmacokinetical aspects for the use of inorganic nanoparticles in radiomedicine. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20150210. [PMID: 26495872 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine is determined by the pharmacokinetical and biodistribution aspects that govern NP behaviour. In this context, diagnosis (low irradiation dose) and therapy (high irradiation dose) is about the same for the NP, as much as to deliver toxic doses of radiation or toxic doses of a chemotherapeutic agent. The NP effects also have to be correlated with how they interact, evolve and are transformed during their exposure to the human body, during their administration, distribution, metabolization and expulsion. Indeed, owing to interactions between NPs and components from the biological medium, NPs are known to suffer different types of alterations, such as loss of colloidal stability (aggregation and sedimentation), protein adsorption (and consequent exposure to or escape from the immune system) and chemical transformation (oxidation, corrosion and dissolution). Their original performance and these alterations have a major impact on NP behaviour and have to be taken into account for any intended use of them in medicine, also including their use for enhanced radiodiagnosis, radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Puntes
- 1 Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Insitut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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234
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Synthesis of novel galactose functionalized gold nanoparticles and its radiosensitizing mechanism. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:67. [PMID: 26452535 PMCID: PMC4600275 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biocompatible gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are potentially practical and efficient agents in cancer radiotherapy applications. In this study, we demonstrated that GNPs can significantly modulate irradiation response of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We co-grafted galactose (GAL) targeting hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) onto GNPs surfaces to increase GNPs targeting specificity and stability. RESULTS This novel GAL-PEG-GNPs and bare GNPs show similar appearance and cytotoxicity profiles, while more GAL-PEG-GNPs can be effectively uptaken and could enhance cancer cell killing. CONCLUSION GAL-PEG-GNPs have better radiosensitization to HepG2. The sensitization mechanism of GAL-PEG-GNPs is related to the apoptotic gene process activated by generation of a large amount of free radicals induced by GNPs.
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235
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Kirkby C, Ghasroddashti E. Targeting mitochondria in cancer cells using gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy: a Monte Carlo study. Med Phys 2015; 42:1119-28. [PMID: 25652523 DOI: 10.1118/1.4906192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation damage to mitochondria has been shown to alter cellular processes and even lead to apoptosis. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) may be used to enhance these effects in scenarios where they collect on the outer membranes of mitochondria. A Monte Carlo (MC) approach is used to estimate mitochondrial dose enhancement under a variety of conditions. METHODS The penelope MC code was used to generate dose distributions resulting from photons striking a 13 nm diameter AuNP with various thicknesses of water-equivalent coatings. Similar dose distributions were generated with the AuNP replaced by water so as to estimate the gain in dose on a microscopic scale due to the presence of AuNPs within an irradiated volume. Models of mitochondria with AuNPs affixed to their outer membrane were then generated-considering variation in mitochondrial size and shape, number of affixed AuNPs, and AuNP coating thickness-and exposed (in a dose calculation sense) to source spectra ranging from 6 MV to 90 kVp. Subsequently dose enhancement ratios (DERs), or the dose with the AuNPs present to that for no AuNPs, for the entire mitochondrion and its components were tallied under these scenarios. RESULTS For a representative case of a 1000 nm diameter mitochondrion affixed with 565 AuNPs, each with a 13 nm thick coating, the mean DER over the whole organelle ranged from roughly 1.1 to 1.6 for the kilovoltage sources, but was generally less than 1.01 for the megavoltage sources. The outer membrane DERs remained less than 1.01 for the megavoltage sources, but rose to 2.3 for 90 kVp. The voxel maximum DER values were as high as 8.2 for the 90 kVp source and increased further when the particles clustered together. The DER exhibited dependence on the mitochondrion dimensions, number of AuNPs, and the AuNP coating thickness. CONCLUSIONS Substantial dose enhancement directly to the mitochondria can be achieved under the conditions modeled. If the mitochondrion dose can be directly enhanced, as these simulations show, this work suggests the potential for both a tool to study the role of mitochondria in cellular response to radiation and a novel avenue for radiation therapy in that the mitochondria may be targeted, rather than the nuclear DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Kirkby
- Department of Medical Physics, Jack Ady Cancer Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 1W5, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; and Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
| | - Esmaeel Ghasroddashti
- Department of Medical Physics, Jack Ady Cancer Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 1W5, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; and Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N2, Canada
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236
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Detappe A, Kunjachan S, Rottmann J, Robar J, Tsiamas P, Korideck H, Tillement O, Berbeco R. AGuIX nanoparticles as a promising platform for image-guided radiation therapy. Cancer Nanotechnol 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 26345984 PMCID: PMC4556741 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-015-0012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AGuIX are gadolinium-based nanoparticles developed mainly for imaging due to their MR contrast properties. They also have a potential role in radiation therapy as a radiosensitizer. We used MRI to quantify the uptake of AGuIX in pancreatic cancer cells, and TEM for intracellular localization. We measured the radiosensitization of a pancreatic cancer cell line in a low-energy (220 kVp) beam, a standard 6 MV beam (STD) and a flattening filter free 6 MV beam (FFF). We demonstrated that the presence of nanoparticles significantly decreases cell survival when combined with an X-ray beam with a large proportion of low-energy photons (close to the k-edge of the nanoparticles). The concentration of nanoparticles in the cell achieves its highest level after 15 min and then reaches a plateau. The accumulated nanoparticles are mainly localized in the cytoplasm, inside vesicles. We found that the 6 MV FFF beams offer the best trade-off between penetration depth and proportion of low-energy photons. At 10 cm depth, we measured a DEF20 % of 1.30 ± 0.47 for the 6 MV FFF beam, compared to 1.23 ± 0.26 for the 6 MV STD beam. Additional measurements with un-incubated nanoparticles provide evidence that chemical processes might also be contributing to the dose enhancement effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Detappe
- Radiation Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA ; Institut Lumière-Matière, Université Claude Bernard, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Sijumon Kunjachan
- Radiation Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Joerg Rottmann
- Radiation Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - James Robar
- Department of Medical Physics, Nova Scotia Cancer Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7 Canada
| | - Panagiotis Tsiamas
- Radiation Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Houari Korideck
- Radiation Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière-Matière, Université Claude Bernard, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Ross Berbeco
- Radiation Oncology Department, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
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237
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Xie WZ, Friedland W, Li WB, Li CY, Oeh U, Qiu R, Li JL, Hoeschen C. Simulation on the molecular radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles in cells irradiated by x-rays. Phys Med Biol 2015. [PMID: 26226203 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/16/6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abundant studies have focused on the radiosensitization effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in the cellular environment with x-ray irradiation. To better understand the physical foundation and to initially study the molecular radiosensitization effect within the nucleus, a simple cell model with detailed DNA structure in the central nucleus was set up and complemented with different distributions of single and multiple GNPs in this work. With the biophysical Monte Carlo simulation code PARTRAC, the radiosensitization effects on both physical quantities and primary biological responses (DNA strand breaks) were simulated. The ratios of results under situations with GNPs compared to those without GNPs were defined as the enhancement factors (EFs). The simulation results show that the presence of GNP can cause a notable enhancement effect on the energy deposition within a few micrometers from the border of GNP. The greatest upshot appears around the border and is mostly dominated by Auger electrons. The enhancement effect on the DNA strand breakage becomes smaller because of the DNA distribution inside the nucleus, and the corresponding EFs are between 1 and 1.5. In the present simulation, multiple GNPs on the nucleus surface, the 60 kVp x-ray spectrum and the diameter of 100 nm are relatively more effective conditions for both physical and biological radiosensitization effects. These results preliminarily indicate that GNP can be a good radiosensitizer in x-ray radiotherapy. Nevertheless, further biological responses (repair process, cell survival, etc) need to be studied to give more accurate evaluation and practical proposal on GNP's application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Xie
- Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics, Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany. Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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238
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Botchway SW, Coulter JA, Currell FJ. Imaging intracellular and systemic in vivo gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150170. [PMID: 26118301 PMCID: PMC4730966 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles offer alternative options in cancer therapy both as drug delivery carriers and as direct therapeutic agents for cancer cell inactivation. More recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as promising radiosensitizers achieving significantly elevated radiation dose enhancement factors when irradiated with both kilo-electron-volt and mega-electron-volt X-rays. Use of AuNPs in radiobiology is now being intensely driven by the desire to achieve precise energy deposition in tumours. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for efficient and simple techniques for detection, imaging and characterization of AuNPs in both biological and tumour samples. Spatially accurate imaging on the nanoscale poses a serious challenge requiring high- or super-resolution imaging techniques. In this mini review, we discuss the challenges in using AuNPs as radiosensitizers as well as various current and novel imaging techniques designed to validate the uptake, distribution and localization in mammalian cells. In our own work, we have used multiphoton excited plasmon resonance imaging to map the AuNP intracellular distribution. The benefits and limitations of this approach will also be discussed in some detail. In some cases, the same “excitation” mechanism as is used in an imaging modality can be harnessed to make it also a part of therapy modality (e.g. phototherapy)—such examples are discussed in passing as extensions to the imaging modality concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Botchway
- 1 Science and Technology Facility Council, Research Complex at Harwell, CLF, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, UK
| | - J A Coulter
- 2 School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - F J Currell
- 3 School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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239
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Retif P, Pinel S, Toussaint M, Frochot C, Chouikrat R, Bastogne T, Barberi-Heyob M. Nanoparticles for Radiation Therapy Enhancement: the Key Parameters. Theranostics 2015; 5:1030-44. [PMID: 26155318 PMCID: PMC4493540 DOI: 10.7150/thno.11642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the radiosensitization strategies that use high-Z nanoparticles. It does not establish an exhaustive list of the works in this field but rather propose constructive criticisms pointing out critical factors that could improve the nano-radiation therapy. Whereas most reviews show the chemists and/or biologists points of view, the present analysis is also seen through the prism of the medical physicist. In particular, we described and evaluated the influence of X-rays energy spectra using a numerical analysis. We observed a lack of standardization in preclinical studies that could partially explain the low number of translation to clinical applications for this innovative therapeutic strategy. Pointing out the critical parameters of high-Z nanoparticles radiosensitization, this review is expected to contribute to a larger preclinical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Retif
- 1. CHR Metz-Thionville, Hôpital de Mercy, Service de radiothérapie, 1 allée du Château, Ars-Laquenexy, 57530, France
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Sophie Pinel
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Magali Toussaint
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Céline Frochot
- 4. Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
- 5. CNRS, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Rima Chouikrat
- 4. Université de Lorraine, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
- 5. CNRS, LRGP, UMR 7274, 1 rue Grandville, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Thierry Bastogne
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 6. Université de Lorraine, INRIA-BIGS & CRAN, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
| | - Muriel Barberi-Heyob
- 2. Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
- 3. CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, 54506, France
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240
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Coulter JA, Butterworth KT, Jain S. Prostate cancer radiotherapy: potential applications of metal nanoparticles for imaging and therapy. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150256. [PMID: 26051659 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males. There have been dramatic technical advances in radiotherapy delivery, enabling higher doses of radiotherapy to primary cancer, involved lymph nodes and oligometastases with acceptable normal tissue toxicity. Despite this, many patients relapse following primary radical therapy, and novel treatment approaches are required. Metal nanoparticles are agents that promise to improve diagnostic imaging and image-guided radiotherapy and to selectively enhance radiotherapy effectiveness in CaP. We summarize current radiotherapy treatment approaches for CaP and consider pre-clinical and clinical evidence for metal nanoparticles in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coulter
- 1 School of Pharmacy, McClay Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - K T Butterworth
- 2 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - S Jain
- 2 Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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241
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Taupin F, Flaender M, Delorme R, Brochard T, Mayol JF, Arnaud J, Perriat P, Sancey L, Lux F, Barth RF, Carrière M, Ravanat JL, Elleaume H. Gadolinium nanoparticles and contrast agent as radiation sensitizers. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:4449-64. [PMID: 25988839 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/11/4449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to evaluate and compare the radiosensitizing properties of gadolinium nanoparticles (NPs) with the gadolinium contrast agent (GdCA) Magnevist(®) in order to better understand the mechanisms by which they act as radiation sensitizers. This was determined following either low energy synchrotron irradiation or high energy gamma irradiation of F98 rat glioma cells exposed to ultrasmall gadolinium NPs (GdNPs, hydrodynamic diameter of 3 nm) or GdCA. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify cell survival after irradiation in the presence of Gd using monochromatic x-rays with energies in the 25 keV-80 keV range from a synchrotron and 1.25 MeV gamma photons from a cobalt-60 source. Radiosensitization was demonstrated with both agents in combination with X-irradiation. At the same concentration (2.1 mg mL(-1)), GdNPS had a greater effect than GdCA. The maximum sensitization-enhancement ratio at 4 Gy (SER4Gy) was observed at an energy of 65 keV for both the nanoparticles and the contrast agent (2.44 ± 0.33 and 1.50 ± 0.20, for GdNPs and GdCA, respectively). At a higher energy (1.25 MeV), radiosensitization only was observed with GdNPs (1.66 ± 0.17 and 1.01 ± 0.11, for GdNPs and GdCA, respectively). The radiation dose enhancements were highly 'energy dependent' for both agents. Secondary-electron-emission generated after photoelectric events appeared to be the primary mechanism by which Gd contrast agents functioned as radiosensitizers. On the other hand, other biological mechanisms, such as alterations in the cell cycle may explain the enhanced radiosensitizing properties of GdNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Taupin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Inserm, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France. Université Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SCIB, LAN, F-38000 Grenoble, France. CEA, INAC-SCIB, F-38000 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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242
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Liu J, Liang Y, Liu T, Li D, Yang X. Anti-EGFR-Conjugated Hollow Gold Nanospheres Enhance Radiocytotoxic Targeting of Cervical Cancer at Megavoltage Radiation Energies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:218. [PMID: 25995714 PMCID: PMC4437992 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to confirm that anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody-conjugated hollow gold nanospheres (anti-EGFR/HGNs) can be selectively uptaken by cervical cancer cells and induce its apoptosis when combined with radiotherapy, as a result enhancing radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. HGNs with a mean diameter of 54.6 ± 7.11 nm and wall thickness of 5.01 ± 2.23 nm were viewed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell uptake was assayed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The cytotoxicity on HeLa cells, which were used in our experiment, was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by an Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) kit with flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of several critical apoptosis-related proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, and active caspase 3, was tested by western blot analysis. Cells treated by anti-EGFR/HGNs showed an obvious increase in nanoparticle uptake compared to naked HGNs. Anti-EGFR/HGNs combined with radiation resulted in a significant growth inhibition, compared with radiation combined with naked HGNs. Anti-EGFR/HGNs remarkably increased the ratio of HeLa cells in the G2/M phase and induced more apoptosis by an obvious deregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, Bad, and caspase 3 when combined with radiation. Therefore, anti-EGFR/HGNs can increase the targeted uptake of HGNs by HeLa cells and enhance radiocytotoxic targeting of cervical cancer at megavoltage radiation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxilu No. 107, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Ying Liang
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxilu No. 107, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Ting Liu
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxilu No. 107, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Dengke Li
- />Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxilu No. 107, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- />Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Wenhuaxilu No. 107, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province China
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243
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Lin Y, McMahon SJ, Paganetti H, Schuemann J. Biological modeling of gold nanoparticle enhanced radiotherapy for proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:4149-68. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/10/4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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244
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Liu Y, Liu X, Jin X, He P, Zheng X, Dai Z, Ye F, Zhao T, Chen W, Li Q. The dependence of radiation enhancement effect on the concentration of gold nanoparticles exposed to low- and high-LET radiations. Phys Med 2015; 31:210-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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245
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Abstract
Previous research has shown that gold nanoparticles can increase the effectiveness of radiation on cancer cells. Improved radiation effectiveness would allow lower radiation doses given to patients, reducing adverse effects; alternatively, it would provide more cancer killing at current radiation doses. Damage from radiation and gold nanoparticles depends in part on the Auger effect, which is very localized; thus, it is important to place the gold nanoparticles on or in the cancer cells. In this work, we use the pH-sensitive, tumor-targeting agent, pH Low-Insertion Peptide (pHLIP), to tether 1.4-nm gold nanoparticles to cancer cells. We find that the conjugation of pHLIP to gold nanoparticles increases gold uptake in cells compared with gold nanoparticles without pHLIP, with the nanoparticles distributed mostly on the cellular membranes. We further find that gold nanoparticles conjugated to pHLIP produce a statistically significant decrease in cell survival with radiation compared with cells without gold nanoparticles and cells with gold alone. In the context of our previous findings demonstrating efficient pHLIP-mediated delivery of gold nanoparticles to tumors, the obtained results serve as a foundation for further preclinical evaluation of dose enhancement.
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246
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Park J, Park J, Ju EJ, Park SS, Choi J, Lee JH, Lee KJ, Shin SH, Ko EJ, Park I, Kim C, Hwang JJ, Lee JS, Song SY, Jeong SY, Choi EK. Multifunctional hollow gold nanoparticles designed for triple combination therapy and CT imaging. J Control Release 2015; 207:77-85. [PMID: 25863273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNP) are a novel class of hybrid metal nanoparticles whose unique optical and morphological properties have spawned new applications including more effective cancer therapy. The shell thickness of HGNPs can tune the surface plasmon resonance to the near infrared light, resulting in photothermal ablation of tumors with optimal light penetration in tissue. The hollow cavity within a HGNP is able to accommodate a high payload of chemotherapeutic agents. They have also been used for enhancing radiosensitization in tumors during radiotherapy due to the high X-ray absorption capability of gold particles. However, no report has yet been published that utilize HGNPs for the triple combination therapy and CT imaging. In this study, we synthesized HGNPs which exhibit better response to radiation for therapy and imaging and demonstrated the effects of combined chemotherapy, thermal and radiotherapy. This combination strategy presented delayed tumor growth by 4.3-fold and reduced tumor's weight by 6.8-fold compared to control tumors. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of HGNP as a CT imaging agent. It is expected that translating these capabilities to human cancer patients could dramatically increase the antitumor effect and potentially overcome resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesook Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eun Jin Ju
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Seok Soon Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jinhyang Choi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Jin Lee
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Seol Hwa Shin
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Intae Park
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Chulhee Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Jung Shin Lee
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea; Center for Development and Commercialization of Anti-cancer Therapeutics, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, South Korea.
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247
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Muddineti OS, Ghosh B, Biswas S. Current trends in using polymer coated gold nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:252-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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248
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Islamian JP, Hatamian M, Rashidi MR. Nanoparticles Promise New Methods to Boost Oncology Outcomes in Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1683-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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249
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Hu C, Niestroj M, Yuan D, Chang S, Chen J. Treating cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis using glucose-coated gold nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2065-77. [PMID: 25844037 PMCID: PMC4368028 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s72144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks among the leading causes of human mortality. Cancer becomes intractable when it spreads from the primary tumor site to various organs (such as bone, lung, liver, and then brain). Unlike solid tumor cells, cancer stem cells and metastatic cancer cells grow in a non-attached (suspension) form when moving from their source to other locations in the body. Due to the non-attached growth nature, metastasis is often first detected in the circulatory systems, for instance in a lymph node near the primary tumor. Cancer research over the past several decades has primarily focused on treating solid tumors, but targeted therapy to treat cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis has yet to be developed. Because cancers undergo faster metabolism and consume more glucose than normal cells, glucose was chosen in this study as a reagent to target cancer cells. In particular, by covalently binding gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with thio-PEG (polyethylene glycol) and thio-glucose, the resulting functionalized GNPs (Glu-GNPs) were created for targeted treatment of cancer metastasis and cancer stem cells. Suspension cancer cell THP-1 (human monocytic cell line derived from acute monocytic leukemia patients) was selected because it has properties similar to cancer stem cells and has been used as a metastatic cancer cell model for in vitro studies. To take advantage of cancer cells' elevated glucose consumption over normal cells, different starvation periods were screened in order to achieve optimal treatment effects. Cancer cells were then fed using Glu-GNPs followed by X-ray irradiation treatment. For comparison, solid tumor MCF-7 cells (breast cancer cell line) were studied as well. Our irradiation experimental results show that Glu-GNPs are better irradiation sensitizers to treat THP-1 cells than MCF-7 cells, or Glu-GNPs enhance the cancer killing of THP-1 cells 20% more than X-ray irradiation alone and GNP treatment alone. This finding can help oncologists to design therapeutic strategies to target cancer stem cells and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Faculty of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Niestroj
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK, Canada ; Physics Department, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Yuan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven Chang
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Chen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Canadian National Research Council/National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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250
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Zhang P, Qiao Y, Xia J, Guan J, Ma L, Su M. Enhanced radiation therapy with multilayer microdisks containing radiosensitizing gold nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4518-4524. [PMID: 25679345 DOI: 10.1021/am506866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A challenge of X-ray radiation therapy is that high dose X-rays at therapeutic conditions damage normal cells. This paper describes the use of gold nanoparticle-loaded multilayer microdisks to enhance X-ray radiation therapy, where each microdisk contains over 10(5) radiosensitizing nanoparticles. The microdisks are attached on cell membranes through electrostatic interaction. Upon X-ray irradiation, more photoelectrons and Auger electrons are generated in the vicinity of the nanoparticles, which cause water ionization and lead to the formation of free radicals that damage the DNA of adjacent cancer cells. By attaching a large amount of gold nanoparticles on cancer cells, the total X-ray dose required for DNA damage and cell killing can be reduced. Due to their controllable structure and composition, multilayer microdisks can be a viable choice for enhanced radiation therapy with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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