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Simasetha S, Klaisiri A, Sriamporn T, Sappayatosok K, Thamrongananskul N. Surface Treatment Effect on Shear Bond Strength between Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic and Resin Cement. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:373-380. [PMID: 34921384 PMCID: PMC9339943 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDGC) and resin cement (RC) using different surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS LDGC blocks (Vintage LD Press) were prepared, etched with 4.5% hydrofluoric acid, and randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10), depending on the surface treatments. The groups were divided as follows: 1) no surface treatment (control), 2) Silane Primer (KS), 3) Signum Ceramic Bond I (SGI), 4) Signum Ceramic Bond I/Signum Ceramic Bond II (SGI/SGII), 5) experimental silane (EXP), 6) experimental silane/Signum Ceramic Bond II (EXP/SGII), and 7) Experimental/Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose Adhesive (EXP/ADP). The specimens were cemented to resin composite blocks with resin cement and stored in water at 37 °C for 24 hours. The specimens underwent 5,000 thermal cycles and were subjected to the SBS test. Mode of failure was evaluated under the stereo microscope. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed with Welch ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The highest mean SBS showed in group EXP/ADP (45.49 ± 3.37 MPa); however, this was not significantly different from group EXP/SGII (41.38 ± 2.17 MPa) (p ≥ 0.05). The lowest SBS was shown in the control group (18.36 ± 0.69 MPa). This was not significantly different from group KS (20.17 ± 1.10 MPa) (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The different surface treatments significantly affected the SBS value between LDGC and RC. The application of pure silane coupling agent with or without the application of an adhesive improved the SBS value and bond quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siripan Simasetha
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Awiruth Klaisiri
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Tool Sriamporn
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Kraisorn Sappayatosok
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Niyom Thamrongananskul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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202
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Yaghmoor RB, Platt JA, Spolnik KJ, Chu TMG, Yassen GH. Effect of hydrogel-based antibiotic intracanal medicaments on crown discoloration. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e52. [PMID: 34909416 PMCID: PMC8636081 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the effects of low and moderate concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) loaded into a hydrogel system on crown discoloration and explored whether application of an adhesive bonding agent prevented crown discoloration. Materials and Methods Intact human molars (n = 160) were horizontally sectioned 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. The crowns were randomized into 8 experimental groups (calcium hydroxide, Ca[OH]2; 1, 10, and 1,000 mg/mL TAP and DAP; and no medicament. The pulp chambers in half of the samples were coated with an adhesive bonding agent before receiving the intracanal medicament. Color changes (ΔE) were detected by spectrophotometry after 1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks, and after 5,000 thermal cycles, with ΔE = 3.7 as a perceptible threshold. The 1-sample t-test was used to determine the significance of color changes relative to 3.7. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, adhesive, and time on color change, and the level of significance was p < 0.05. Results Ca(OH)2 and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP did not cause clinically perceivable tooth discoloration. Adhesive agent use significantly decreased tooth discoloration in the 1,000 mg/mL TAP group up to 4 weeks. However, adhesive use did not significantly improve coronal discoloration after thermocycling when 1,000 mg/mL TAP was used. Conclusions Ca(OH)2 and 1 and 10 mg/mL DAP showed no clinical discoloration. Using an adhesive significantly improved coronal discoloration up to 4 weeks with 1,000 mg/mL TAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan B Yaghmoor
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Platt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth J Spolnik
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tien Min Gabriel Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ghaeth H Yassen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Endodontics, Case School of Dental Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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203
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Maciel CM, Souto TCV, Pinto BDA, Silva-Concilio LR, Baroudi K, Vitti RP. Adhesive systems applied to dentin substrate under electric current: systematic review. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e55. [PMID: 34909419 PMCID: PMC8636075 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this systematic review was to collect and discuss the technique of adhesive systems application on dentin substrate under electric current. Materials and Methods The first search strategy was based on data available at PubMed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, using a combination of descriptors such as “dentin bond agents OR adhesive system AND electric current OR electrobond” or “dentin bonding agents OR dentin bonding agent application OR adhesive system AND electric current OR electrobond”, with no limit regarding the publication year. The second search strategy was based on the articles' references found previously. An additional search strategy was applied that concerned the proposed theme in the SBU-UNICAMP (Unicamp's Library System Institutional Repository). Results Twelve studies published between 2006 and 2020 were found. The analyses of the selected studies showed that the use of electric current during adhesive systems application on dentin, whether conventional or self-conditioning, increases resinous monomer infiltration in the dentin substrate, which improves the hybridization processes and the bond strength of the restorative material to dentin. Conclusions Despite the favorable results related to the use of this technique, there is still no specific protocol for the application of adhesive systems under electric current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Menezes Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Taubate, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laís Regiane Silva-Concilio
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Taubate, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Kusai Baroudi
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Taubate, Taubaté, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pino Vitti
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Taubate, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Herminio Ometto University Center, Araras, SP, Brazil
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204
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Klaisiri A, Krajangta N, Thamrongananskul N. The Durability of Zirconia/Resin Composite Shear Bond Strength using Different Functional Monomer of Universal Adhesives. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:756-760. [PMID: 34902875 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of different functional monomers in universal adhesives on zirconia/resin composite bond strength both before and after thermocycling. Four universal adhesives (G-premio bond universal, GPU; Clearfil Tri-S bond universal, CTB; Optibond Universal, OBU; Tetric N-bond universal; TNU), one adhesive (single bond 2; SB2), and one ceramic primer (Clearfil ceramic primer plus, CCP) were used in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zirconia discs were prepared and embedded in acrylic. Specimens were polished and sandblasted with alumina. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups (24 hours and the thermocycled), and each group was divided into six subgroups (n = 10), according to zirconia surfaces treatments: no Tx, CCP + SB2, GPU, CTB, OBU, TNU. An Ultradent mold was located on top of the treated zirconia surface. The resin composite was filled into the mold and then light-cured. A universal testing device was used to determine the shear bond strength. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS After water storage for 24 hours, the shear bond strengths were GPU > CCP + SB2 = CTB = OBU = TNU > no Tx (p < 0.05). After thermocycling, the shear bond strengths were CCP + SB2 = GPU = CTB = TNU > OBU > no Tx (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The universal adhesives containing 10-MDP exhibited the best performance in the shear bond strength of the zirconia/resin composite interface both before and after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awiruth Klaisiri
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Nantawan Krajangta
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Niyom Thamrongananskul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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205
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Fouda SM, Gad MM, Ellakany P, Al Ghamdi MA, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Al Eraky DM, Al-Harbi FA. Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244331. [PMID: 34960883 PMCID: PMC8708888 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Denture base resin has some drawbacks. This study investigated the impact of nanodiamonds (ND) and autoclave polymerization on the surface characteristics, translucency, and Candida albicans adherence in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after thermocycling. Methods: Heat-polymerized PMMA discs (15 × 2 mm) with a total sample size n = 160 were studied. Specimens were categorized into two main groups (N = 80): conventional water-bath-polymerized PMMA (CP/PMMA) and autoclave-polymerized PMMA (AP/PMMA). Each group was subdivided according to the ND concentration into four groups (n = 20): unmodified PMMA as a control, and 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% ND–PMMA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the morphology of the ND and the ND–PMMA mixtures before heat polymerization. The specimens were exposed to thermal cycling (5000 cycles at 5 and 55 °C), then surface roughness was measured with a non-contact optical interferometric profilometer, contact angle with an automated goniometer, and translucency using a spectrophotometer. Colony-forming units (CFU) were used to determine the adherence of Candida albicans cells to the specimens. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests for pairwise comparison were utilized for the statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: Surface roughness was significantly reduced with ND addition to CP/PMMA (p ˂ 0.001), while the reduction was not statistically significant in AP/PMMA (p = 0.831). The addition of ND significantly reduced the contact angle, translucency, and Candida albicans count of CP/PMMA and AP/PMMA (p ˂ 0.001). The incorporation of ND in conjunction with autoclave polymerization of PMMA showed significant reduction in all tested properties (surface roughness, contact angle and Candida albicans adherence) except translucency (p = 0.726). Conclusions: ND addition to PMMA and autoclave polymerization improved the surface properties with respect to antifungal activities, while the translucency was adversely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.G.); (P.E.); (M.A.A.G.); (F.A.A.-H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.G.); (P.E.); (M.A.A.G.); (F.A.A.-H.)
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.G.); (P.E.); (M.A.A.G.); (F.A.A.-H.)
| | - Maram A. Al Ghamdi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.G.); (P.E.); (M.A.A.G.); (F.A.A.-H.)
| | - Soban Q. Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Doaa M. Al Eraky
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.G.); (P.E.); (M.A.A.G.); (F.A.A.-H.)
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206
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Polymerization Shrinkage, Hygroscopic Expansion, Elastic Modulus and Degree of Conversion of Different Composites for Dental Application. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To characterize the mechanical properties of different resin-composites for dental application. Methods: Thirteen universal dentin shade composites (n = 10) from different manufacturers were evaluated (4 Seasons, Grandio, Venus, Amelogen Plus, P90, Z350, Esthet-X, Amaris, Vita-l-escence, Natural-Look, Charisma, Z250 and Opallis). The polymerization shrinkage percentage was calculated using a video-image recording device (ACUVOL—Bisco Dental) and the hygroscopic expansion was measured after thermocycling aging in the same equipment. Equal volumes of material were used and, after 5 min of relaxation, baseline measurements were calculated with 18 J of energy delivered from the light-curing unit. Specimens were stored in a dry-dark environment for 24 h then thermocycled in distilled water (5–55 °C for 20,000 cycles) with volume measurement at each 5000 cycles. In addition, the pulse-excitatory method was applied to calculate the elastic modulus and Poisson ratio for each resin material and the degree of conversion was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results: The ANOVA showed that all composite volumes were influenced by the number of cycles (α = 0.05). Volumes at 5 min post-polymerization (12.47 ± 0.08 cm3) were significantly lower than those at baseline (12.80 ± 0.09 cm3). With regard to the impact of aging, all resin materials showed a statistically significant increase in volume after 5000 cycles (13.04 ± 0.22 cm3). There was no statistical difference between volumes measured at the other cycle steps. The elastic modulus ranged from 22.15 to 10.06 GPa and the Poisson ratio from 0.54 to 0.22 with a significant difference between the evaluated materials (α = 0.05). The degree of conversion was higher than 60% for all evaluated resin composites.
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207
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Polymer-Based Bioactive Luting Agents for Cementation of All-Ceramic Crowns: An SEM, EDX, Microleakage, Fracture Strength, and Color Stability Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234227. [PMID: 34883731 PMCID: PMC8659464 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare microleakage and fracture loads of all ceramic crowns luted with conventional polymer resins and polymeric bioactive cements and to assess the color stability of polymeric bioactive cements. Seventy-five extracted premolar teeth were tested for fracture loads and microleakage in all-ceramic crowns cemented with two types of polymeric bioactive cements and resin cements. In addition, the degree of color change for each cement with coffee was assessed. Thirty maxillary premolar teeth for fracture loads and thirty mandibular premolar teeth for microleakage were prepared; standardized teeth preparations were performed by a single experienced operator. All prepared specimens were randomly distributed to three groups (n = 20) based on the type of cement, Group 1: resin cement (Multilink N); Group 2: polymeric bioactive cement (ACTIVA); Group 3: polymeric bioactive cement (Ceramir). The cementation procedures for all cements (Multilink, ACTIVA, and Ceramir) were performed according to the manufacturers' instructions. All specimens were aged using thermocycling for 30,000 cycles (5-55 °C, dwell time 30 s). These specimens were tested using the universal testing machine for fracture strength and with a micro-CT for microleakage. For the color stability evaluation, the cement specimens were immersed in coffee and evaluated with a spectrometer. Results: The highest and lowest means for fracture loads were observed in resin cements (49.5 ± 8.85) and Ceramir (39.8 ± 9.16), respectively. Ceramir (2.563 ± 0.71) showed the highest microleakage compared to resin (0.70 ± 0.75) and ACTIVA (0.61 ± 0.56). ACTIVA cements showed comparable fracture loads, microleakage, and stain resistance compared to resin cements.
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208
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Eldafrawy M, Bekaert S, Nguyen JF, Sadoun M, Mainjot A. Bonding properties of third-generation zirconia CAD-CAM blocks for monolithic restorations to composite and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:466-475. [PMID: 34853211 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_21_00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the interfacial fracture toughness (IFT) of two MDP-based composite cements and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) with third-generation zirconia CAD-CAM restorations using two different airborne-particle abrasion (AB) pressures. METHODS Blocks were cut into prisms (n=60), split and sintered to the desired equilateral half prisms. Half-prisms were divided into two groups for AB at 0.5 or 2.5 bar with 50 µm Al2O3 particles. Each group was then further divided into 3 subgroups, and half-prisms were bonded to their counterparts with Panavia V5 (V5), Panavia Self Adhesive Cement Plus (SA), or RMGIC Fuji Plus (n=10/group). The IFT was determined using the Notchless Triangular Prism test in a water bath at 36°C after thermocycling (10,000 cycles). Surface roughness and SEM analyses were performed for representative zirconia samples after AB, and composite cements were tested for flexural strength and wettability. RESULTS SA (2.5 bar) showed a significantly higher IFT. The 3 other groups with SA and V5 showed no significant difference in their IFT values regardless of the AB pressure (1-way ANOVA). Weibull analysis of SA was higher than V5. All RMGIC samples debonded while thermocycling, and were, therefore, not included in the statistical analysis. Surface roughness increased with increasing AB pressure, and both cements showed similar flexural strength values and good wettability. CONCLUSION Contrary to RMGIC, composite cements show high performance with zirconia after AB. Increasing AB pressure enhances the micromechanical retention of composite cement. Future perspectives should include study of the effect of AB pressure on zirconia surface properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Eldafrawy
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Bekaert
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Nguyen
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Amélie Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium.,Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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209
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Zhang LX, Hong DW, Zheng M, Yu H. Is the bond strength of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate lower than that of lithium disilicate? A systematic review and metaanalysis. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66:530-537. [PMID: 34853237 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_20_00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study systematically reviewed the literature to compare the bond strength of resin composites with that of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) and lithium disilicate (LD). STUDY SELECTION This review was structured based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA 2020) statement. This study was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021256900). Studies were searched via PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases without language or publication year limits. In vitro studies that evaluated the bond strength of the resin composites to ZLS and LD were included. The risk of bias in all the included articles was evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the Review Manager software (version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). RESULTS Of the 90 potentially related articles, the full texts of 16 articles were evaluated after screening. Finally, sevenstudies were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. All the studies presented a medium risk of bias. The results showed no significant difference in bond strength between the ZLS and LD groups (P = 0.94, mean difference=0.08, and 95% confidence interval=-1.93 to 2.10). However, a significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis considering different types of aging treatments (P = 0.0008) and different types of bond strength tests (P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION The bond strength of resin composites was found to be similar to that of ZLS and LD, but different aging treatments and bond strength tests exhibited varying effects on the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xian Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deng-Wei Hong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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210
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Pratto I, Busato MCA, Bittencourt PRS. Thermal and mechanical characterization of thermoplastic orthodontic aligners discs after molding process. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:104991. [PMID: 34864573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric aesthetic aligners were introduced in orthodontics as an innovative alternative to fixed appliances, however, their compositions and the thermal molding process may influence the biomechanical characteristics of these aligners. In this study four different clear aligner brands were used, ACE 035 Essix, C + Essix, Crystal 0.75 and Crystal 1.0, whose aim was to identify the thermal-processing influence on the mechanical and physicochemical properties of these materials, and to suggest a orthodontic sequence of wear for these appliances to achieve more effective treatment results. For the tensile tests the sample size calculation was based on probability distributions from the F test. The effect size used was 0.3, type 1 error of 0.05. Statistical Yield strength and Young's Modulus results were evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The groups were compared using the parametric test of analysis of variance, with Tukey post-test. Differences were statistically considered at the p < 0.05. The Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed no changes in the samples' chemical structure after thermal-processing. However, in the polypropylene aligner, differences were verified in the region attributed to the crystalline phase. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis for the same sample showed a crystallinity fraction decrease due to relaxation between polymer chains after molding. In the tensile tests evaluated, the tensile strength and 'Young's modulus presented higher values for aligners containing 100% polyethylene terephthalate glycol. Performing an analogy exercise of the properties of orthodontic wires used in conventional fixed appliances and, relating them to orthodontic plastics, aligners composed of different materials and/or thicknesses could be used in increasing sequence in terms of the modulus of elasticity, starting with C+, which has a lower elastic modulus value, using the ACE 035 as an intermediate and finishing with the Crystal 0.75 and 1.0, providing the desired stiffness to the aligners for the final phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pratto
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Departamento de Odontologia, ZIP 85819-110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mauro Carlos Agner Busato
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Departamento de Odontologia, ZIP 85819-110, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rodrigo Stival Bittencourt
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Departamento Acadêmico de Química, Bloco I4, ZIP 85884-000, Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil.
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211
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Eggmann F, Schiavone F, Amato J, Vahle A, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU. Effect of repeated ultrasonic instrumentation on single-unit crowns: a laboratory study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3189-3201. [PMID: 34820725 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This laboratory study aimed to assess the effects of ultrasonic instrumentation, simulating 10 years of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT), on single-unit crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized crowns were fabricated from porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) (n = 12), zirconia (ZrO2) (n = 12), lithium disilicate (LDS) (n = 12), feldspar ceramic (FSFC) (n = 6), and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material (PICN) (n = 6). The crowns, luted on PICN abutments with resin-based luting material (RBLM), and if applicable glass ionomer cement (GILC), underwent thermal cycling and trimonthly ultrasonic instrumentation. After 1 and 10 years of simulated SPT, restoration quality assessments were performed, comprising profilometric surface roughness measurements, marginal integrity evaluations, and scores for luting material remnants and visible cracks. The statistical analysis included multiple logistic regressions with nested designs (α = 0.05). RESULTS During simulated SPT, bulk fractures (n = 2) and a de-cementation failure (n = 1) of LDS and ZrO2 crowns were observed. No significant change in roughness was detected after 10 years (p = 0.078). Over time, marginal defects increased (p = 0.010), with PFM crowns showing the highest rate of chippings at sites with a narrow shoulder. Fewer marginal defects were detectable on crowns luted with RBLM compared with GILC (p = 0.005). Luting material remnants decreased during SPT (p < 0.001). Ultrasonic instrumentation caused cracks in most crown materials, in particular at sites with a narrow shoulder and in PFM crowns. CONCLUSIONS Repeated ultrasonic instrumentation may damage single-unit crowns. PFM crowns with a narrow, all-ceramic margin are especially prone to defects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Frequent ultrasonic instrumentation of restoration margins of fixed dental prostheses, PFM crowns in particular, ought to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Eggmann
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Schiavone
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Amato
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annika Vahle
- VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Säckingen, Germany
| | - Roland Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 40, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola U Zitzmann
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry, University Center for Dental Medicine UZB, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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212
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Müller L, Rauch A, Reissmann DR, Schierz O. Impact of cement type and abutment height on pull-off force of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate crowns on titanium implant stock abutments: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:592. [PMID: 34798850 PMCID: PMC8603517 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pull-off forces of cement-retained zirconia reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) in implant-supported single crowns on stock titanium abutments with respect to abutment height and implant cement were evaluated and compared. Methods Pull-off force of ZLS crowns on stock titanium abutments was evaluated concerning dental cement and abutment height. A total sample size of 64 stock abutments with heights of 3 mm (n = 32) and 5 mm (n = 32) was used. The ZLS crowns were cemented with four different types of cement (one temporary, two semi-permanent, and one permanent). After cementation, water storage, and thermocycling each sample was subjected to a pull-off test using a universal testing machine.
Results The temporary cement showed the least pull-off force regardless of abutment height (3/5 mm: means 6 N/23 N), followed by the semi-permanent methacrylate-infiltrated zinc oxide cement (28 N/55 N), the semi-permanent methacrylate-based cement (103 N/163 N), and the permanent resin composite cement (238 N/820 N). Results of all types of cement differed statistically significantly from each other (p ≤ .012). The type of implant cement has an impact on the pull-off force of ZLS crowns and titanium abutments. Conclusions Permanent cements present higher retention than semi-permanent ones, and temporary cements present the lowest values. The abutment height had a subordinate impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Rauch
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel R Reissmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 12, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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Comparison of bleaching effects when applied to white-spot lesions before or after resin infiltration: An in vitro study. J Am Dent Assoc 2021; 153:39-49. [PMID: 34763817 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare color alterations (ΔE) of white-spot lesions (WSLs) bleached before versus after resin infiltration (RI). METHODS Using the facial surfaces of bovine maxillary incisors, WSLs were created and the teeth were allocated into 2 groups (n = 45/group): bleach then RI (B-RI group) and RI then bleach (RI-B group). To determine ΔE, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L∗ a∗ b∗ (L∗ represents lightness, ranging from black to white [0-100]; a∗ represents green to red chromaticity [-150-+100]; and b∗ represents blue to yellow chromaticity [-100-+150]) measurements were obtained at baseline, after WSL formation, and after RI and bleaching. Representative specimens were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (P ≤ .0016) and repeated measures analysis of variance (P ≤ .05). RESULTS No differences in ΔE were found comparing B-RI with RI-B groups or when the B-RI group was compared with bleached enamel. A statistically significant difference was found when the RI-B group was compared with bleached enamel (ΔE, 0.81; P < .001), but the difference was deemed not clinically significant. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that bleaching after RI increased surface roughness of the resin. CONCLUSIONS There were no clinically significant differences in ΔE of WSLs when bleach was applied before or after RI; however, applying bleaching agent after RI roughened the surface of the resin material. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Results indicate that ΔE were not clinically significantly different between WSLs bleached before versus after RI, although it is best to sequence bleaching before RI therapy, as bleaching after RI roughened the restoration's surface.
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214
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Taşın S, Ismatullaev A. Comparative evaluation of the effect of thermocycling on the mechanical properties of conventionally polymerized, CAD-CAM milled, and 3D-printed interim materials. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 127:173.e1-173.e8. [PMID: 34756771 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Studies on the energy absorption characteristics by means of elastic and plastic material deformation of interim materials are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different thermocycling periods on the flexural strength (σfs), resilience (Ur), and toughness (UT) of conventionally polymerized, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled, and 3-dimensionally (3D) printed interim materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rectangular specimens (n=30 for each material) were fabricated from autopolymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), bis-acryl resin (Bis-acryl), CAD-CAM polymethyl methacrylate-based polymer (CAD-CAM/Milled), and 3D-printed composite resin (3D-Printed). Each material was divided into 3 groups (n=10) according to the applied thermocycling (5 °C to 55 °C) procedure: control (0 cycles), 2500, and 10 000 cycles. Parameters of the materials such as σfs, Ur, and UT were tested in a 3-point bend test according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 10477. Data were statistically analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test followed by Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Friedman test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α=.05). RESULTS The tested material and thermocycling had a statistically significant influence on the σfs, Ur, and UT values (P<.05). PMMA showed the lowest mean σfs, Ur, and UT values (P<.05), and CAD-CAM/Milled showed σfs values similar to those of 3D-Printed at all thermocycling periods. CAD-CAM/Milled showed the highest Ur values at 10 000 cycles and the highest UT values at all thermocycles. No significant differences were found in the mean change of σfs and Ur of CAD-CAM/Milled among different thermocycling periods. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that digitally fabricated interim materials had better mechanical properties than conventionally polymerized materials and that milled materials had the highest stability in maintaining their initial capacity to absorb energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Taşın
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Artur Ismatullaev
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Kyrenia, Mersin, Turkey
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215
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Repair Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Aged Resin and Glass-Matrix CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials Using Two Different Repair Systems. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the repair bond strength of resin-matrix and glass-matrix CAD/CAM ceramic materials based on two repair systems. Thirty specimens measuring 2.5 mm in thickness were prepared from Crystal Ultra (CU), Vita Enamic (EN), Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (CS), and Vitablocs Mark II (VM2) materials and aged for 5000 thermal cycles. Specimens were randomly allocated into three groups: control, Monobond-S (MS) primer, and Monobond Etch & Prime (MEP). Composite resin (Tetric N Ceram) (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) was packed and light-cured onto treated specimen surfaces. Subsequently, the specimens’ shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated, and failure modes was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using factorial ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (a = 0.05). The factorial ANOVA revealed significant interactions between the material type and repair system, which was significant (p < 0.01). The highest and lowest SBS were obtained for CU (27.09 ± 1.11) and VM2 (4.30 ± 0.59) in MS and control groups, respectively. In all the groups, CU demonstrated higher SBS, whereas VM2 demonstrated lower SBS. There were no significant differences in SBS between EN and LU, and CS and CU in all the study groups (p > 0.05). The Monobond-S repair system provided non-significantly higher SBS compared to the MEP systems, except for VM2 and LU materials. The new resin-matrix CAD/CAM material demonstrated the highest SBS compared to the other materials for both conventional and MEP repair systems. Both repair systems showed clinically acceptable bond strength and allowed for successful repair of the resin-matrix ceramic materials.
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216
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Erdinç G, Bülbül M. Effect of mastication simulation on the phase transformation of posterior 3-unit monolithic zirconia fixed dental prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:794.e1-794.e6. [PMID: 34688478 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Monolithic zirconia restorations are directly exposed to cyclic loads and temperature changes in the oral cavity after cementation. These stresses may reduce the long-term success of the material by causing uncontrolled phase transformations within the zirconia. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of mastication simulation and different measurement points on the phase transformation of posterior 3-unit monolithic zirconia partial fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) in the posterior region. MATERIAL AND METHODS Posterior 3-unit FDPs of monolithic yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP), including BruxZir Shaded (group B), FireZr (group F), and Upcera (group U) (n=10), were machined from presintered blocks. All specimens were exposed to mastication simulation (240 000 cycles/1.7 Hz/50 N). The monoclinic phase content was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Phase transformation was measured at the mesial connector (group M), distal connector (group D), and pontic regions (group P) before and after mastication simulation. The relative monoclinic phase amount (Xm) was calculated for all specimens. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc tests (α=.05). RESULTS According to XRD analysis, Xm for all groups and regions showed higher results after aging than before aging (P<.05). Group B has the lowest Xm among the groups. Group B showed a statistically significant difference compared with both group F and group U (P<.05). There was no significant difference between group F and group U (P>.05). When the regions were evaluated regardless of brand and the groups were evaluated in terms of regions, no statistically significant difference was observed between connectors and the pontic region (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Mastication simulation causes an increase in the Xm. However, this increase was unlikely to be clinically significant. There may be differences in phase transformation depending on the contents of the brands and sintering procedures. Variations in the phase quantity were independent of the connector regions and pontic for FDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Erdinç
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Karabük Faculty of Dentistry, Karabük, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Private Practice, Miadent Oral and Dental Health Center, Ankara, Turkey
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217
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Ahmed T, Fareen N, Alam MK. The effect of surface treatment and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the Y-TZP zirconia ceramics: A systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e212118. [PMID: 35640082 PMCID: PMC8576862 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.5.e212118.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Various surface pre-treatment methods have been adapted to optimize the bonding between the zirconia ceramics and the orthodontic brackets. OBJECTIVE This review is aimed at systematically analyzing the relevant data available in the literature, to find out the most effective and durable bonding protocol. METHODS Database search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, during September 2020. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Based on the inclusion criteria, 19 articles were selected for qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the methodology among the studies. Most of the studies scored medium risk of bias. Compared to the untreated surface, surface pretreatments like sandblasting and lasers were advantageous. Primers and universal adhesive were mostly used as an adjunct to the mechanical pretreatment of the zirconia surface. In most studies, thermocycling seemed to lower the shear bond strength (SBS) of the orthodontic brackets. CONCLUSION Based on this qualitative review, surface pretreatments with lasers and sandblasting can be suggested to optimize the bracket bond strength. To clarify this finding, meta-analysis is anticipated. Hence, high heterogeneity of the included studies demands standardization of the methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamzid Ahmed
- Bangladesh Dental College, Department of Science of Dental Materials (Dhaka, Bangladesh)
| | - Nashid Fareen
- Bangladesh Dental College, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (Dhaka, Bangladesh)
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Jouf University, College of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Sakaka, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
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218
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Abuelenain DA, Abou Neel EA, Abuhaimed TS, Alamri AM, Ammar HS, Bukhary SMN. Effect of Curcumin Suspension and Vitamin C on Dentin Shear Bond Strength and Durability. A Pilot Study. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Preserving the strength and durability of dentin bonds is a concern of dental researchers and practitioners.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treating etched dentin with vitamin C and curcumin suspension as cross-linking agents on the shear bond strength and durability of a universal dental adhesive.
Methods:
Extracted human third molar teeth were collected. Fifty-six flat coronal dentin surfaces were divided equally into four groups: (1) treated with adhesives; (2) etched with 37% H3PO4 for 10s before application of adhesives; (3) same as group (2), but with dentin treated with 2.5% curcumin suspension for 60s before the application of adhesive; and (4) same as group (3), but with the use of a 20% vitamin C suspension instead of a curcumin suspension. Filtek Z350XT composite was built for all samples. Half of the samples in each group were subjected to thermocycling. Shear bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the dentinal surfaces after treatment.
Results:
Treatment with curcumin suspension preserved immediate and long-term bond strength. Conversely, treatment of etched dentin with vitamin C solution significantly reduced the immediate bond strength, but a significant improvement was observed after aging. SEM showed that both cross-linking agents resulted in narrowing or closing of the dentinal tubules, with an adhesive mode of failure.
Conclusion:
The application of curcumin or vitamin C suspension to acid-etched dentin resulted in different effects on immediate and long-term shear bond strength when using universal adhesives.
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219
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Eskitaşçıoğlu M, Akdeniz MŞ, Değirmenci BÜ. Evaluation of Color Changes of Different Resin Cements in Feldspathic Ceramic Crowns After Accelerated Aging: An In Vitro Research. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211044390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the color changes that occur after accelerated aging in feldspathic ceramic crowns cemented with three different dual-cured resin cements. Materials and Methods: For each of the A2-colored RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 cement groups, 45 dies from A2-colored zirconia blocks and 45 crowns from CEREC blocks were prepared. Color measurements after 24 h of cementation (T1) and after cycles of aging of 1750 (T2), 3500 (T3), and 7000 (T4) in the thermal cycle device were made using SpectroShade Micro device. The coordinates of the color were used L*, a*, and b* as base and the color change was calculated with ∆ E00 in determining the color. One-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the times in terms of ∆ L*, ∆ a*, and ∆ b* values. Results: It was found that ∆ L* value decreased significantly in period of the T2, T3, and T4 times compared to T1 in all groups ( P < .05), whereas the change between period of T2, T3, and T4 times was not significant ( P > .05). The ∆ a* value increased significantly in the period of T3 and T4 times compared to T1 in the only G-CEM LinkForce group, whereas the ∆ b* value increased significantly in the period of T4 time compared to T1 in the only Panavia V5 group. The changes in ∆ E00 values, which were observed in all period of times, were found to be between 0.43 and 1.04, 0.43 and 1.43, and 0.40 and 0.97 in RelyX U200, G-CEM LinkForce, and Panavia V5 groups, respectively. Conclusion: After accelerated aging, it was found that the color of all cements became darker and the G-CEM LinkForce group turned red and the Panavia V5 group turned yellow. However, it was found that the color changes that occurred were within clinically acceptable visible levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Eskitaşçıoğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Şerif Akdeniz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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220
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Linear Dimensional Change and Ultimate Tensile Strength of Polyamide Materials for Denture Bases. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193446. [PMID: 34641261 PMCID: PMC8512380 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the dimensional changes and ultimate tensile strength in three polyamide materials for denture bases fabrication through injection molding, subjected to artificial aging and different storage conditions. A total of 333 test specimens fabricated from Biosens (BS; Perflex, Netanya, Israel), Bre.flex 2nd edition (BF; Bredent, Senden, Germany) and ThermoSens (TS; Vertex Dental B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands)—n = 111 per material—were equally divided into three groups (n = 37) based on different treatments and storage conditions. Test samples allocated to the “Control group” were not artificially aged and stored in water for 24 h. Both “Treatment 1 group” and “Treatment 2 group” were subjected to thermocycling, the former dehydrated and the latter stored in water between cycle-sets. Linear changes and ultimate tensile strength were measured and analyzed for storage condition and material influence on the outcome variables. A Welch ANOVA test with Games–Howell post-hoc analysis was used to compare the influence of treatments across different materials. Significant differences were found for all three included materials with p values ranging from <0.05 to <0.001 for linear dimensional changes. The magnitude of alterations varied and was large for BS (Perflex, Israel) (ω2 = 0.62) and BF (Bredent, Germany) (ω2 = 0.47) and small but significant for TS (Vertex Dental B.V., The Netherlands) (ω2 = 0.05). However, results seem to fall into clinically acceptable range. Significant differences were also observed for the ultimate tensile strength test with the same range of p-values. All three materials showed different initial ultimate tensile strengths and varying reaction to artificial aging and storage with the lowest alterations observed for BF (Bredent, Germany) (ω2 = 0.05). Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that all three materials show different dimensional and mechanical properties when subjected to artificial aging and different storage. Although linear dimensions show significant changes, they seem to be clinically irrelevant, whereas the change in ultimate tensile strength after only 6-month equivalent clinical use was substantial for BS (Perflex, Israel) and TS (Vertex Dental B.V., The Netherlands).
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221
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Guo R, Peng W, Yang H, Yao C, Yu J, Huang C. Evaluation of resveratrol-doped adhesive with advanced dentin bond durability. J Dent 2021; 114:103817. [PMID: 34560226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper aimed to evaluate the influence of resveratrol-doped adhesive on the durability and antibiofilm capability of dentin bonding. METHODS Experimental adhesives were prepared by incorporating resveratrol into a universal adhesive at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL. The microtensile bond strength, fracture modes, and adhesive-dentin interface nanoleakage were assessed after 24 h of water storage, 10,000 times of thermocycling or 1-month of collagenase ageing. Relevant antibiofilm capability on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), in situ zymography, degree of conversion, and cytotoxicity of resveratrol-doped adhesives were also determined. RESULTS Irrespective of thermocycled or collagenase ageing, the resveratrol-doped adhesive (1 mg/mL) maintained the bond strength and reduced the nanoleakage expression. Meanwhile, the inhibitory ability on endogenous protease activity and S. mutans biofilm formation with acceptable biocompatibility were obtained. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the resveratrol-doped adhesive achieved effective improvement on dentin bond durability and secondary caries management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The application of the resveratrol-doped adhesive indicates promising benefits to increase the lifetime of composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Wenan Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Chenmin Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jian Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Awad MM, Almutairi N, Alhalabi F, Robaian A, Vohra FA, Ozcan M, Maawadh A, Alrahlah A. Influence of Surface Conditioning on the Repair Strength of Bioactive Restorative Material. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 18:2280800020926615. [PMID: 32941094 DOI: 10.1177/2280800020926615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of surface treatment and repair material on the repair shear bond strength (SBS) of the bioactive restorative material. METHODS A total of 240 Activa BioActive Restorative (Activa) discs were prepared, aged, and polished, and divided randomly into eight groups (n = 30). Groups 1-4 discs were repaired with bulk-fill flowable resin-based composite (Bulk-RBC), and Groups 5-8 discs with Activa. Surface treatment used for each repair material type were air abrasion with silica-coated 30-m Al2O3 particles (air abrasion) (Groups 2 & 6), Air abrasion with universal primer (Groups 3 & 7), and Air abrasion with universal adhesive (Groups 4 & 8). Groups 1 and 5 were controls without surface treatment. SBS test was performed, and the failure mode and surface topography were assessed. RESULTS Surface treatment with air abrasion significantly improved the SBS for repair using both Activa and Bulk-RBC. Repair SBS using Activa was significantly higher compared with Bulk-RBC. Cohesive failure in substrate and mixed failures were most common in the surface-treated groups (2-4, 6-8). Air abrasion produced prominent surface topography changes compared with polishing. CONCLUSION Air abrasion enhances the repair SBS of aged bioactive restorative material. The use of the same material (Activa) for repair affords a higher bond strength compared with the use bulk-RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moustafa Awad
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Almutairi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alhalabi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Robaian
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Ahmed Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutlu Ozcan
- Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Maawadh
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Li GH, Chen S, Grymak A, Waddell JN, Kim JJ, Choi JJE. Fibre-reinforced and repaired PMMA denture base resin: Effect of placement on the flexural strength and load-bearing capacity. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 124:104828. [PMID: 34530303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the effect of placement of glass fibre mesh on the flexural strength and load bearing capacity of repaired polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 heat-polymerised acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 5 × 30 × 50 mm for flexural strength testing. Specimens were divided into 5 groups according to repair width and placement of the fibre mesh. Three groups (n = 90) had a repair width of 20 mm (including the control group), and two groups (n = 60) had a narrower repair width of 16 mm. Fibre mesh was either embedded at the neutral (bottom of the repair area) or tension (top of the repair area) zone of the specimen when subjected to flexural strength testing. Half of the specimens from each group were subjected to artificial ageing by thermocycling (5 °C and 55 °C, 30s dwell time) for 10,000 cycles to stimulate 12 months in vivo. All the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h prior to testing. The flexural strength of the specimen was obtained by three-point bend testing, and data were statistically analysed using ANOVA and post-hoc analysis (SPSS; significance level p < 0.05). Probability of failure was calculated using Weibull analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to identify the mode of failure. RESULTS Specimens repaired with the 20 mm fibre mesh placed in the tension zone showed the highest mean flexural strength (101.33 ± 12.66 MPa) with statistical significance (p = 0.05) to the other groups except for the specimens repaired with the 16 mm fibre mesh placed in the tension zone (p = 0.072). The highest Weibull modulus was found in the thermal cycling group of the specimens with 20 mm repair width repaired with the fibre mesh embedded at the neutral zone (10.01). The lowest Weibull modulus was found in the non-thermal cycling group of the control group (3.15). CONCLUSION Placing fibre mesh in the tension zone of a PMMA specimen significantly improved the flexural strength of the repair. Placing the fibre mesh in the neutral zone or the fibre mesh width was short of the lower support rollers resulted in no significant increase in flexural strength compared to the non-reinforced control group. Ageing via thermal cycling resulted in a decrease in flexural strength across all sample groups. This study highlights the importance of recognising the valid repair region and to have the mesh embedded in certain dimensions, otherwise it will have no significant contribution towards the repair and increase of flexural strength of the denture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gray Hun Li
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Shiyao Chen
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Anastasiia Grymak
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - John Neil Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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Chen W, Jin H, Zhang H, Wu L, Chen G, Shao H, Wang S, He X, Zheng S, Cao CY, Li QL. Synergistic effects of graphene quantum dots and carbodiimide in promoting resin-dentin bond durability. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1498-1510. [PMID: 34465445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resin-based dental adhesion is mostly utilized in minimally invasive operative dentistry. However, improving the durability and stability of resin-dentin bond interfaces remain a challenge. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) reinforced by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were introduced to modify the resin-dentin bond interfaces, thereby promoting their durability and stability. METHODS GQDs, EDC, and EDC+GQDs groups were designed to evaluate the effects of GQDs and EDC on collagenase activity, the interaction of GQDs with collagen, and the resin-dentin interface. First, the effects of GQDs and EDC on collagenase activity was evaluated by Collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) reacting with its substrate. The interaction of GQDs and EDC with collagen were evaluated by cross-linking degree analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and enzymatic hydrolysis. Second, the acid-etched and rinse adhesive system was used to evaluate the resin-dentin bond on the basis of microtensile bond strength, in situ zymography and fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS GQDs could inhibit collagenase activity. GQDs with the aid of EDC could cross-link collagen via covalent bonds and improve the anti-enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen. In the resin-dentin adhesion model, the μTBS of the EDC+GQDs group was significantly higher than the other control groups after thermocycling. The addition of EDC to GQDs could inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity and promote the integrity of the bonding interfaces after thermocycling. SIGNIFICANCE This study presents a novel strategy to modify the resin-dentin interface and provides a new application for GQDs. This strategy has the potential to improve the durability of resin-based restoration in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Chen
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Huimin Jin
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Leping Wu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Hui Shao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Shengrui Wang
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Shunli Zheng
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Chris Ying Cao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Quan-Li Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Petkosit P, Sanohkan S. The Effect of Curing Pressure on Shear Bond Strength of Zirconia to Resin Cement. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Nowadays, the esthetics demand is continuously increasing; therefore, metal-free materials are widely used, like a zirconia-based ceramic, which is conveniently fabricated via computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system for restorations from single to full mouth rehabilitation.
Objective:
This study evaluated the effect of pre-curing pressure on the shear bond strength of zirconia to the resin cement.
Methods:
A total of sixty-three sandblasted cylindrical zirconia mounted in autopolymerizing resin were randomly assigned to three groups; Group 1: no treatment (control), Group 2: negative pressure, and Group 3: positive pressure to resin cement after resin cement application and resin composite columns bonded to zirconia. Thirty-three of the samples were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 hr before the shear bond strength test for thirty samples and three samples were cross-sectionally cut for interfacial observation with FESEM. Another thirty samples were thermocycled for 5,000 cycles in distilled water at 5°C to 55 °C before testing. The shear bond strength and failure mode were evaluated. Examination of the bonding interface was also done.
Results:
The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The means of shear bond strength of non-thermocycle of the control group were 8.01 ±1.74 MPa, 9.10 ±1.90 MPa, and 9.14 ±2.58 MPa, whereas that of thermocycle group were 5.71 ±0.84 MPa, 5.53 ±0.68 MPa, and 5.68 ±0.77 MPa in zero pressure group, negative pressure group, and positive pressure group, respectively. It showed no statistically significant differences in shear bond strength in all pressure groups (p > 0.05). The pre-curing pressure did not influence the shear bond strength of the zirconia and resin cement.
Conclusion:
There was no difference in the shear bond strength between the pressure groups and the no treatment control group. The positive and negative pressure did not influence the shear bond strength of the zirconia and resin cement.
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Yang H, Chen Y, Huang C. Effect of aging on color stability and bond strength of dual-cured resin cement with amine or amine-free self-initiators. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:17-26. [PMID: 34408118 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aging on the color stability and bond strengths of dual-cured resin cements containing amine or amine-free self-initiators. Three dual-cured and one light-cured resin cements were used. The covered (by lithium disilicate ceramic disks) and uncovered groups (n=10) were included. Color measurements were tested after 24 h, 10,000 and 20,000 thermal cycles (TCs). Micro-shear bond strengths (µSBS) were tested after 24 h, 10,000 and 20,000 TCs, and failure modes were analyzed (n=14). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were implemented for color difference (ΔE*ab) and µSBS (α=0.05). The mean ΔE*ab difference was significant among groups (p<0.001). The lowest ΔE*ab values were obtained for dual-cured resin cement with amine-free self-initiators dual-cured cement after aging in all dual-cured resin cements, and the µSBS of the dual-cured resin cements on ceramic was significantly higher than that of the light-cured ones after aging (p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yake Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Hongye Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
| | - Yanning Chen
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University
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227
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Iliev G, Hardan L, Kassis C, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Mancino D, Haikel Y, Kharouf N. Shelf Life and Storage Conditions of Universal Adhesives: A Literature Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162708. [PMID: 34451245 PMCID: PMC8400728 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents state of the art universal adhesive systems and the effect of shelf-life and storage conditions on their bond performance. Three topics are explored in this review: an introduction to the topic, the mechanisms responsible for the degradation of the hybrid layer, and the factors that play a role in the stability of universal adhesives. In addition, issues such as potential durability and clinical importance are discussed. Universal adhesive systems are promising but must be handled and stored according to the manufacturer's instructions, with careful attention given to the details of shelf-life and storage conditions for maximal success. It appears that the components of universal adhesives play an important role in their stability. Furthermore, HEMA-free formulations using methacrylamides lead to longer shelf-life. Further research is needed to prove these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Iliev
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (C.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Cynthia Kassis
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (C.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (C.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | | | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Biomaterials and Bioengineering, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (D.M.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-66752-2841
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Gad MM, Fouda SM, Abualsaud R, Alshahrani FA, Al-Thobity AM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Ateeq IS, Helal MA, Al-Harbi FA. Strength and Surface Properties of a 3D-Printed Denture Base Polymer. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:412-418. [PMID: 34347351 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study evaluated the flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and surface roughness of 3D-printed denture base resin subjected to thermal cycling treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to ISO 20795-1:2013 standards, 120 acrylic resin specimens (40/flexural strength test, 40/impact strength, and 40/surface roughness and hardness test, n = 10) were fabricated and distributed into two groups: heat-polymerized; (Major.Base.20) as control and 3D-printed (NextDent) as experimental group. Half of the specimens of each group were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles of 5 to 55°C simulating 1 year of clinical use. Flexural strength (MPa), impact strength (KJ/m2 ), hardness (VHN), and surface roughness (μm) were measured using universal testing machine, Charpy's impact tester, Vickers hardness tester, and profilometer, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The values of flexural strength (MPa) were 86.63 ± 1.0 and 69.15 ± 0.88; impact strength (KJ/m2 )-6.32 ± 0.50 and 2.44 ± 0.31; hardness (VHN)-41.63 ± 2.03 and 34.62 ± 2.1; and surface roughness (μm)-0.18 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.02 for heat-polymerized and 3D-printed denture base materials, respectively. Significant differences in all tested properties were recorded between heat-polymerized and 3D-printed denture base materials (P < 0.001). Thermal cycling significantly lowered the flexural strength (63.93 ± 1.54 MPa), impact strength (2.40 ± 0.35 KJ/m2 ), and hardness (30.17 ± 1.38 VHN) of 3D-printed resin in comparison to thermal cycled heat-polymerized resin, but surface roughness showed non-significant difference (p = 0.262). CONCLUSION 3D-printed resin had inferior flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness values than heat-polymerized resin, but showed superior surface roughness. Temperature changes (thermal cycling) significantly reduced the hardness and flexural strength and increased surface roughness, but did not affect the impact strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris A Alshahrani
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Khan ZA, Al-Thobity AM, Abualsaud R, Alkaltham N, Akhtar S, Ateeq IS, Al-Harbi FA. Closed Repair Technique: Innovative Surface Design for Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Repair. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:257-265. [PMID: 34318547 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the repair strength of a newly introduced repair technique involving zero-gap repair width. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 rectangular prism specimens with dimensions of 64 × 10 × 3.3 mm were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Nine specimens were kept intact. The other specimens were sectioned into halves and modified to create repair gaps of 2.5-mm beveled (2.5B) as control, 0-mm beveled (ZB), and 0-mm inverse bi-beveled (ZIBB). The ZIBB group was prepared with a V-shaped internal groove on both halves (repair tunnel), while the intaglio and cameo surfaces were kept intact except for two small holes at the cameo surface for repair resin injection. The 2.5B and ZB groups were repaired conventionally while the ZIBB group was repaired by injecting repair resin into the tunnel through one of the holes until excess material oozed from the other hole. Repaired specimens were thermally cycled at 5 and 55°C for 10,000 cycles with 1 min dwell time. A 3-point bending test was conducted using a universal testing machine for flexural strength and elastic modulus measurement. Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney tests and ANOVA/post hoc Tukey tests were applied for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS The flexural strength of repaired specimens was substantially lower than that of intact specimens, and significant differences were present between repaired groups (p ˂ 0.05). ZB and ZIBB had higher flexural strength (p ˂ 0.001) and elastic modulus (p ˂ 0.05) than 2.5B. Among the ZB and ZIBB groups, ZB showed the highest flexural strength, and ZIBB had the highest elastic modulus. CONCLUSION The closed repair technique improved the flexural strength and elastic modulus of repaired acrylic denture base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid A Khan
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkaltham
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Dähne F, Meißner H, Böning K, Arnold C, Gutwald R, Prause E. Retention of different temporary cements tested on zirconia crowns and titanium abutments in vitro. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:62. [PMID: 34282495 PMCID: PMC8289925 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to examine the retention force of monolithic zirconia copings cemented with various temporary cements on implant abutments in vitro. Methods Sixty exercise implants with pre-screwed implant abutments were embedded in resin. Subsequently, 60 CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia copings were divided into three main groups [Harvard Implant Semi-permanent (HAV), implantlink semi Forte (IMP), Temp Bond NE (TBNE)]. The zirconia copings were cemented on the implant abutments and loaded with 35 N. Specimens were stored in distilled water (37 °C) for 24 h. Half of the test specimens of each group were subjected to a thermocycling (TC) process. Retention force was measured in a universal testing machine. Using magnifying glasses, the fracture mode was determined. Statistical analysis was performed applying the Kruskal-Wallis test, the post hoc test according to Dunn-Bonferroni and a chi-square test of independence. Results Without TC, IMP showed the highest retention of the three temporary luting agents (100.5 ± 39.14 N). The measured retention forces of IMP were higher than those of HAV (45.78 ± 15.66 N) and TBNE (61.16 ± 20.19 N). After TC, retention was reduced. IMP showed the greatest retentive strength (21.69 ± 13.61 N, three fail outs). HAV and TBNE showed pull-off forces of similar magnitude (17.38 ± 12.77 N and 16.97 ± 12.36 N, two fail outs). The fracture mode analysis showed different results regarding the tested cements before and after TC (facture type before/after TC): IMP (III+II/III), HAV (I/II) and TBNE (III/III). There were clear differences of the fracture modes regarding the examination before and after TC. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, IMP showed the highest pull-off forces under the chosen test conditions. All three temporary luting agents showed lower retention forces after TC. Retention values in the individual cement classes were very heterogeneous. Easy cement removal in the crown lumen favours the dominance of adhesive cement fractures on the abutment and adhesive/cohesive cement fractures on the abutment with HAV appears advantageous in case of recementation of the superstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Dähne
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Heike Meißner
- Department of Prosthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Böning
- Department of Prosthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Arnold
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther-University, Magdeburger Str. 16, 06112, Halle, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutwald
- Faculty of Medicine/Dentistry, Danube Private University (DPU), Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500, Krems-Stein, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Prause
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, University Charité Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
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Fernandes ABF, Silva RC, Müller MA, da Cunha LF, Correr GM, Gonzaga CC. Influence of two carbodiimides on the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin. Odontology 2021; 110:99-105. [PMID: 34279762 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pretreatment of dentin with cross-linking agents during bonding procedures has been proposed to improve the mechanical properties of the collagen in the hybrid layer and reduce the biodegradation of the adhesive interface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with two carbodiimides on the dentin bond strength of universal adhesives, after thermocycling. Three universal adhesives in the self-etching mode were used (Single Bond Universal-SBU, Clearfil Universal-CLU and Ambar Universal-ABU). A self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond-CSB) was used as control. Two carbodiimides, 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), were applied for 1 min. The excess solution was removed with absorbent paper and the universal adhesives were applied. The specimens were stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37 °C or 10,000 thermal cycles (5-55 °C, 30 s) and then were prepared for microtensile bond strength test (n = 4 teeth, average of 21 sticks per group). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's (α = 5%). After 24 h, SBU and CSB had statistically similar bond strength values for the control groups (22.07 ± 9.03 and 19.82 ± 7.28 MPa), with EDC (30.21 ± 11.30 and 19.67 ± 5.36 MPa) and DCC (30.12 ± 13.43 and 19.82 ± 7.28 MPa) pretreatments (p > 0.05). The use of EDC (32.57 ± 9.60 MPa) and DCC (24.71 ± 9.87 MPa) showed statistically higher bond strength for CLU than for the control group (14.62 ± 6.16 MPa; p < 0.05). After thermocycling, the SBU, CLU, and CSB groups showed statistically similar bond strengths with the use of EDC (27.08 ± 8.44; 18.74 ± 5.41; and 24.55 ± 10.43 MPa) and without the use of cross linkers (20.06 ± 7.99; 22.55 ± 9.04; and 26.54 ± 10.13 MPa; p > 0.05). Groups tested after 24 h in distilled water presented higher bond strength than those submitted to thermocycling. It can be concluded that the use of cross linkers influenced the immediate bond strength of the universal adhesives, and this was dependent on the combination of the adhesive system and type of carbodiimide. The use of EDC increased the immediate bond strength of CLU. DCC increased the bond strength of ABU at 24 h, but the values were lower than those of the control group after aging for three out of the four adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Franco Fernandes
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Rafael Coutinho Silva
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Matheus André Müller
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Maria Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil.
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Santosh SS, Ballal S, Natanasabapathy V. Influence of Minimally Invasive Access Cavity Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Mandibular Molars Subjected to Thermocycling and Dynamic Loading. J Endod 2021; 47:1496-1500. [PMID: 34237385 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated and restored permanent mandibular molars with minimally invasive access cavities subjected to thermocycling and dynamic loading. METHODS Forty first and second mandibular molars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 10/group) as follows: group 1, control (intact teeth); group 2, traditional access cavity (TradAC); group 3, conservative access cavity (ConsAC); and group 4, truss access cavity (TrecAC). After endodontic treatment, teeth were restored with SDR core (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) and subjected to thermocycling followed by dynamic and static loading with a multiaxial fatigue testing machine (Instron, Canton, MA). The maximum load to fracture and pattern of failure (restorable/unrestorable) were recorded. Data were evaluated with analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Fracture resistance of the samples in the control group were higher than those in the experimental groups (P < .005). TradAC exhibited the least resistance to fracture (P < .005). There was no statistically significant difference in the fracture resistance of ConsAC and TrecAC (P = .361) Unrestorable fractures were more frequent in the TradAC group compared with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS Mandibular molars with ConsAC and TrecAC exhibited superior fracture resistance compared with TradAC. TradAC had the highest number of unrestorable fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Susan Santosh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suma Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velmurugan Natanasabapathy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Someya T, Kasahara M, Takemoto S, Hattori M. Retention force of fiber-reinforced composite resin post on resin composite for core buildup -Effects of fiber orientation, silane treatment and thermal cycling. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1264-1269. [PMID: 34193726 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fiber orientation, silane treatment, and thermal cycling on the retention force of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRC) posts on resin composite. Two types of FRC posts (linear and woven) were prepared with and without silane treatment. Pull-out test specimens were made of FRC posts and resin composite for core buildup. Specimens were either incubated in distilled water for 24 h or subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. The maximum fracture load obtained by a pull-out test was defined as the retention force. Fracture modes were observed after the test. Fiber orientation and thermal cycling did not affect the retention force on resin composite, and the retention force was improved by silane treatment. Whereas, fiber orientation affected the fracture mode. The result showed woven fiber orientation could contribute to the mechanically interlocking with the resin composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Someya
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Shinji Takemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Iwate Medical University
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Effect of cervical lesion centered access cavity restored with short glass fibre reinforced resin composites on fracture resistance in human mandibular premolars- an in vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 122:104654. [PMID: 34325237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of cervical lesion centered access cavity restored with short glass fibre reinforced resin materials in human mandibular premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were collected and assigned to positive control group (G1- Intact teeth) and other experimental groups (G2, G3. G4, G5, G6), Traditional Access Cavity(TAC) and Cervical Lesion Centered Access Cavity(CLCAC). Following endodontic therapy, samples were grouped accordingly, G2-CLCAC without restoration (Negative Control), G3-CLCAC restored with conventional nano-hybrid composite (Tetric-N-Ceram), G4-TAC restored with short glass fibre reinforced resin composite (Ever-X Posterior), G5-CLCAC restored with short glass fibre reinforced resin composite (Ever-X Posterior), G6- CLCAC restored with individually formed unidirectional fibre-reinforced post (Everstick post) and short glass fibre-reinforced resin composite (Ever-X Posterior). The samples were thermocycled (35 °C/28s, 15 °C/2s, 35 °C/28s, 45 °C/2s/10,000 cycles) and cyclically fatigued(2,50,000 cycles/15-30N/2 Hz) and then subsequently loaded to failure. The mean load to fracture (Newtons) were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post HOC test and failure mode analysis was also done. RESULTS The mean fracture resistance of the CLCAC design restored with fibre reinforced materials was higher when compared to the TAC design but the difference was not statistically significant. The negative control group (CLCAC without restoration) showed significantly the least fracture resistance (P < 0.05) when compared to all the other groups except for group 3 (CLCAC restored with conventional composites). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that short glass fibre reinforced resin composites improved the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular premolars irrespective of the type of access cavity designs. Favourable fractures were seen more in cervical lesion centered access cavity restored with short glass fibre reinforced composite materials. Nevertheless, the applicability of this design in multirooted teeth, canal cleanliness efficacy, and long term clinical performance are yet to be explored to complement this new access design.
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Alfouzan AF, Alotiabi HM, Labban N, Al-Otaibi HN, Al Taweel SM, AlShehri HA. Color stability of 3D-printed denture resins: effect of aging, mechanical brushing and immersion in staining medium. J Adv Prosthodont 2021; 13:160-171. [PMID: 34234926 PMCID: PMC8250187 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2021.13.3.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in-vitro study evaluated and compared the color stability of 3D-printed and conventional heat-polymerized acrylic resins following aging, mechanical brushing, and immersion in staining medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty disc-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick) were prepared from two 3D-printed [DentaBASE (DB) and Denture 3D+ (D3D)] and one conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture materials. The specimens were thermo-cycled, subjected to mechanical brushing, and were immersed in either coffee, lemon juice, coke, or artificial saliva (AS) to simulate one and two years of oral use. Color measurements of the specimens were recorded by a spectrophotometer at baseline (T0), and after one (T1) and two years (T2) of simulation. The color changes (∆E) were determined and also quantified according to the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) units. Descriptive statistics, followed by factorial ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test (α=.05), were applied for data analysis. RESULTS The independent factors, namely material, staining medium, and immersion time, and interaction among these factors significantly influenced ∆E (P<.009). Irrespective of the materials, treatments, and time, the highest and the lowest mean ∆Es were observed for PMMA in lemon juice (4.58 ± 1.30) and DB in AS (0.41 ± 0.18), respectively. Regarding the material type, PMMA demonstrated the highest mean ∆E (2.31 ± 1.37), followed by D3D (1.67 ± 0.66), and DB (0.85 ± 0.52), and the difference in ∆E between the materials were statistically significant (P<.001). All the specimens demonstrated a decreased color changes at T2 compared to T1, and this difference in mean ∆E was statistically significant (P<.001). CONCLUSION The color changes of 3D-printed denture resins were low compared to conventional heat polymerized PMMA. All the tested materials, irrespective of the staining medium used, demonstrated a significant decrease in ∆E values over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Fouzan Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadeel Minife Alotiabi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Nejer Al-Otaibi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Mohammad Al Taweel
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Ahmed AlShehri
- College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Atalay S, Çakmak G, Fonseca M, Schimmel M, Yilmaz B. Effect of thermocycling on the surface properties of CAD-CAM denture base materials after different surface treatments. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 121:104646. [PMID: 34166873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the water contact angle (WCA), surface roughness (SR), and microhardness (MH) of different CAD-CAM PMMA denture base materials after different surface treatments (conventional laboratory polishing, polishing kit, or surface sealant). MATERIALS AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens (10 × 2 mm) of 3 different CAD-CAM PMMAs, AvaDent (AV); Merz M-PM (M-PM); Polident (Poli), and a conventional heat-polymerized PMMA (Vynacron) (CV) (n=21) were divided into 3 different surface treatment groups (n=7): conventional laboratory polishing (CLP), polishing with acrylic resin polisher kit (PK), and a surface sealant (Palaseal) (SSC). Stereomicroscopic images were taken both before and after thermocycling. WCA, SR, and MH of all specimens were measured before and after thermocycling and compared by using a 2-way ANOVA (α=0.05). RESULTS After thermocycling, WCA significantly increased for CLP- or PK -applied (P<.001) specimens of all materials and SSC-applied M-PM (P=.002), SR significantly increased for CLP-applied M-PM (P=.027) and PK-applied Poli (P=.041), and MH significantly decreased for CLP- or PK-applied AV (P = .001, P < .001, respectively), CV (P=.033, P=.023, respectively), and M-PM (P=.003, P=.001, respectively), SSC-applied M-PM (P<.001), and CLP-applied Poli (P<.001). Stereomicroscopic images revealed rougher surfaces for PK-applied specimens. CONCLUSIONS After thermocycling, surface treatment had a significant effect on water contact angle and surface roughness. CLP or PK application resulted in hydrophobic surfaces compared with before thermocycling. CLP or SSC application on CAD-CAM PMMAs resulted in smoother surfaces. Thermocycling lowered the microhardness of all PMMAs, and the decrease was significant in CLP- or PK-applied PMMAs, except for PK-applied Poli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Atalay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülce Çakmak
- Buser Foundation Scholar, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manrique Fonseca
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Schimmel
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Gerodontology and Removable Prosthodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Yilmaz
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Ohio, USA
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Shear bond strength of metallic brackets bonded to enamel pretreated with Er,Cr:YSGG LASER and CPP-ACP. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34126965 PMCID: PMC8204548 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased risk of enamel demineralization during and after orthodontic treatment raises the demand for better preventive measures including combinations of laser, CPP-ACP, and fluoride. The combination of Er,Cr:YSGG laser with CPP-ACP was proved to have a synergetic effect compared to each of them alone. Shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to the enamel surface after being treated with preventive measures is critical. The aim of this study was to compare the SBS and failure mode of metallic brackets bonded to teeth with no pretreatment and pretreated enamel surface, either with Er,Cr:YSGG laser alone or combined with CPP-ACP. Methods Sixty sound extracted human premolar teeth were allocated randomly to 3 groups: In Group 1 (control), teeth were etched and bonded directly; in Group 2, laser pretreatment of the enamel surface was done followed by etching and bonding as in the control group; in Group 3, the enamel surface was lased then CPP-ACP was applied according to the manufacturer instructions, etched and bonded. SBS and Adhesive remnant index (ARI) were evaluated. Results No significant differences were found between the 3 groups neither in the SBS nor in the ARI scores. Conclusions The use of combined Er,Cr:YSGG laser with CPP-ACP as a preventive measure before bonding orthodontic brackets does not endanger the bracket’s bonding strength.
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Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Chairside CAD/CAM Restorations Fabricated Using a Standardization Method. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14113115. [PMID: 34204092 PMCID: PMC8200951 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the fracture resistance, fracture failure pattern, and fractography of four types of chairside computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) restoration materials in teeth and titanium abutments fabricated using a standardization method. An artificial mandibular left first premolar prepared for all-ceramic crown restoration was scanned. Forty extracted mandibular molars and cylindrical titanium specimens were milled into a standardized shape. A total of eighty CAD/CAM restoration blocks were milled into a crown and twenty pieces of each lithium disilicate (LS), polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN), resin nano ceramic (RNC), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) materials were used. Crowns were bonded to abutments, and all specimens underwent thermal cycling treatment for 10,000 cycles. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine and fracture failure patterns were analyzed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical differences were analyzed using appropriate ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc tests, and independent sample t-tests (α = 0.05). The results indicated that, in both teeth abutments and titanium abutments, the fracture resistances showed significantly the highest values in LS and the second highest in ZLS (p < 0.05). The fracture resistances based on teeth abutments and titanium abutments were significantly different in all the CAD/CAM restoration materials (p < 0.05). There are statistically significant correlations between the types of materials and the types of abutments (p < 0.05). Each of the different materials showed different fracture failure patterns, and there was no noticeable difference in fractographic analysis. Lithium disilicates and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicates exhibited statistically high fracture resistance, indicating their suitability as restoration materials for natural teeth or implant abutments. There were no distinct differences in the fracture pattern based on the restoration and abutment materials showed that the fracture initiated at the groove where the ball indenter was toughed and propagated toward the axial wall.
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Alshehri N, Bin-Shuwaish M. The Effects of Amalgam Contamination and Different Surface Modifications on Dentin Shear Bond Strength When Using Different Adhesive Protocols. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:211-221. [PMID: 34079382 PMCID: PMC8166260 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s307545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of amalgam contamination, different surface treatments, and adhesive protocols on dentin shear bond strength (SBS) to bulk-fill composite resin material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty teeth were fixed in molds, and the dentin was exposed and then polished. Sixty teeth were restored by amalgam and thermocycled to 10,000 cycles (5°C and 55°C, 30-second dwell time). The rest were restored with composite materials without amalgam predecessor. The samples were divided into G1 (with dentin pretreatment with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate), G2 (0.5 mm of dentin was removed), G3 (no surface modification), and G4 (samples were restored with bulk-fill composite). The bonded specimens were subdivided based on the adhesive protocol of the universal adhesive system used into etch-and-rinse and self-etch groups. Acid etching was done using 32% phosphoric acid. Composite resin was used for build-up using mold and glass. Specimens were cured and left for 24 h in distilled water at room temperature for polymerization reaction, underwent thermocycling for 5000 cycles, and were subjected to knife-edge shear bond testing. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance followed by pairwise comparisons were used to analyze the results. RESULTS The highest mean SBS values were found in the control group where acid etching was used (24.46±2.24 MPa), followed by self-etching in the same group (21.92±2.54 MPa). Lower SBS values were associated with the amalgam-contaminated group. The lowest values were found in the dentin refreshment group when the self-etching mode was used (13.59±1.73 MPa). Chlorhexidine treatment improved the mean SBS value compared with the no treatment or dentin refreshment groups for both adhesive protocols. CONCLUSION Amalgam contamination may affect SBS values. Acid etching improved SBS for non-contaminated dentin. Chlorhexidine improved SBS for amalgam-contaminated dentin as a surface treatment but had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojoud Alshehri
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bin-Shuwaish
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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240
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Tran XV, Tran KQ. Microleakage and characteristics of resin-tooth tissues interface of a self-etch and an etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e30. [PMID: 34123766 PMCID: PMC8170381 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to compare the microleakage and characteristics of the resin-tooth tissue interface between self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems after 48 hours and 3 months. Materials and Methods 40 extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1-step self-etch adhesive system – Optibond™ All-In-One, and 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system - Adper™ Single Bond 2. Both groups were subjected to 500 thermocycles (5°C–55°C) before scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis or microleakage trial at 48-hour and 3-month time periods. Results SEM images showed the hybrid layer thickness, diameter, and length of resin tags of the self-etch adhesive (0.42 ± 0.14 µm; 1.49 ± 0.45 µm; 16.35 ± 14.26 µm) were smaller than those of the etch-and-rinse adhesive (4.39 ± 1.52 µm; 3.49 ± 1 µm; 52.81 ± 35.81 µm). In dentin, the microleakage scores of the 2 adhesives were not different in both time periods (48 hours/3 months). However, the microleakage score of etch-and-rinse adhesive increased significantly after 3 months (0.8 ± 0.63 and 1.9 ± 0.88, p < 0.05). Conclusions The self-etch adhesive exhibited better long-term sealing ability in dentin when compared to that of the etch-and-rinse adhesive. The greater hybrid layer thickness and dimensions of resin tags did not guarantee reliable, long-lasting sealing in the bonding area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Vinh Tran
- Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Quang Tran
- Faculty of Odonto-stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Blum IR, Martos R, Szalóki M, Lynch CD, Hegedűs C. Effects of different surface treatments and adhesive self-etch functional monomers on the repair of bulk fill composites: A randomised controlled study. J Dent 2021; 108:103637. [PMID: 33766513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of different adhesive protocols on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and integrity of the repaired bulk fill composite interface. METHODS Two hundred and seventy composite blocks made of bulk fill composites of different viscosity were randomly assigned to 18 surface conditioning groups (n = 15/group). The universal adhesive systems used were Heliobond™, Tokuyama bond force II™ and Scotchbond Universal™. A nanohybrid resin composite was applied as the repair material. Negative and positive control groups were included. Stick shape specimens of each group were subjected to μTBS testing. Representative samples from all test groups were subjected to microscopic, profilometric and SEM examination to determine their mode of failure. The data were analysed statistically using two-way ANOVA test, Tukey's test and the independent t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The mean μTBS of all test groups ranged between 28.5 and 46.8 MPa and varied with the type of adhesive system employed. Significantly highest μTBS values were obtained when Tokuyama bond force II™ and Scotchbond Universal™ adhesives were used (p < 0.01) which were comparable to the coherent strength of the bulk fill resin composite in the positive control groups (p > 0.05). The viscosity of the bulk fill composite did not significantly influence repair bond strength. The microscopy and SEM examination of the failed interfaces revealed a mixture of adhesive and cohesive failures. CONCLUSIONS Under the tested conditions, significantly greater μTBS of repaired bulk fill composite was achieved when the substrate surface was treated with adhesive systems containing a functional monomer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Eff ;ecting a repair of a bulk fill resin composite restoration with the application of a functional monomer containing adhesive system, such as Tokuyama Bond Force II™ or Scotchbond Universal™, would seem to enhance the interfacial bond strength and integrity of the repaired resin composite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor R Blum
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Renáta Martos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Szalóki
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Christopher D Lynch
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Almutairi B, Kattan HF, BinMahfooz AM, Qutub OA, Basunbul G, ArRejaie AS, Farooq I, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Synergistic effect of graphene oxide/calcium phosphate nanofiller in a dentin adhesive on its dentin bond integrity and degree of conversion. A scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, micro-Raman, and bond strength study. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2082-2094. [PMID: 33913221 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to formulate and analyze a dentin adhesive incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticle and calcium phosphate (CaP) composite. Methods comprising of scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-Raman spectroscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize nanoparticle composite, dentin bond toughness, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. Postsynthesis of GO nanoparticles, they were functionalized with CaP using standard process. The GO-CaP composite was not added to experimental adhesive (negative control group, GO-CaP-0%), and added at 2.5 and 5 wt% to yield GO-CaP-2.5% and GO-CaP 5% groups, respectively. Teeth were set to form bonded samples utilizing adhesives in three groups for SBS testing, with and without thermocycling. The homogenous diffusion of GO-CaP composite was verified in the adhesive. Resin tags having standard penetrations were observed on SEM micrographs. The EDX analysis confirmed the occurrence of calcium, phosphorus, and carbon ions in the composite containing adhesives. The SBS test revealed highest mean values for GO-CaP-5% followed by GO-CaP-2.5%. The FTIR spectra verified the presence of apatite peaks and the micro-Raman spectra showed characteristic D and G bands for GO nanoparticles. GO-CaP composite in dentin adhesive may improve its bond strength. The addition of 5 wt% resulted in a bond strength that was superior to all other groups. GO-CaP-5% group demonstrated lower DC (to control), uniform distribution of GO and CaP composite within adhesive, appropriate dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Almutairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba F Kattan
- Preventive Dental Science Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah M BinMahfooz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Qutub
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Basunbul
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws S ArRejaie
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University; Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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243
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Schönhoff LM, Mayinger F, Eichberger M, Reznikova E, Stawarczyk B. 3D printing of dental restorations: Mechanical properties of thermoplastic polymer materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104544. [PMID: 33901966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the seminal field of 3D printing of dental restorations, the time and cost saving manufacturing of removable and fixed dental prostheses from thermoplastic polymer materials employing fused filament fabrication (FFF) is gaining momentum. As of today, the additive manufacturing of the established semi-crystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK) requires extensive post-processing and lacks precision. In this context, the amorphous polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) may provide a higher predictability and reliability of the results. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of PPSU and PEEK processed by FFF (PPSU1-3D (PPSU Radel) and PPSU2-3D (Ultrason P 3010 NAT)) or extrusion (PPSU1-EX (Radel R-5000 NT) and PEEK-CG (PEEK Juvora)). Three-point flexural strength, two-body wear, and Martens hardness (HM) and indentation modulus (EIT) were tested after aging. One-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis and the Pearson's and Spearman's correlation tests were computed (α = 0.05). PPSU1-3D and PPSU2-3D showed lower flexural strength values than PPSU1-EX and PEEK-CG. PPSU1-3D showed the highest, and PEEK-CG and PPSU1-EX the lowest height loss. The highest HM and EIT results were observed for PEEK-CG and the lowest for PPSU1-3D. Correlations were observed between all parameters except for the application height. In conclusion, the manufacturing process affected the flexural strength of PPSU, with 3D printed specimens presenting lower values than specimens cut from prefabricated molded material. This finding indicates that the 3D printing parameters employed for the additive manufacturing of PPSU specimens in the present investigation require further optimization. For 3D printed specimens, the quality of the filament showed an impact on the mechanical properties, underlining the importance of adhering to high quality standards during filament fabrication. Extruded PPSU led to comparable results with PEEK for flexural strength and two-body wear, indicating this novel dental restorative material to be a suitable alternative to the established PEEK for the manufacturing of both removable and fixed dental prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Schönhoff
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Felicitas Mayinger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marlis Eichberger
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Reznikova
- Apium Additive Technologies GmbH, Siemensallee 84, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Goethestrasse 70, 80336, Munich, Germany
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244
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Optical analysis of the behavior of sealants under mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7655. [PMID: 33828215 PMCID: PMC8026620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding their resistance five sealants were tested in vitro after experiencing mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Included for testing were two fluoride varnishes: Fluor Protector [FP] (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Protecto CaF2 Nano One-Step Seal [PN] (BonaDent) and three fluoride-composite filled sealants (with acid etch technique): Clinpro XT Varnish [CP] (3 M Espe), Pro Seal [PS] & Light Bond [LB] (Reliance Orthodontic Products) and a positive control group [CG] Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent). The sealants were applied on 180 bovine teeth (n = 10/ sealer) in a standardized manner after bracket bonding. Mechanical pressure and its effect by simulating different time points and standardized electric cleaning protocol was tested first. Followed by thermal burden due to varying thermal stress and thirdly change in pH stress imitating chemical exposure were examined separately. A digital microscope and a grid incisal and apical to the brackets (n = 32 fields) was used to standardize the optical analysis. Material loss due to mechanical stress compared to CG (score 0.00) was CP (1.2%), FP (21.5%), LB (22.2%) and PN (81.1%). No significant difference to CG presented PS. Material loss due to thermal stress was CP (0.5%), PS (2%), FP (2.6%), LB (3.1%) and PN (39.9%). Material loss due to chemical stress was FP (1.8%), PS (2.1%), LB (5.5%) and PN (39.6%). No significant difference to CG presented CP. Only PS and CP had optically provable, good resiliance to mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Significantly poorer outcomes in particular showed PN.
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Alhenaki AM, Attar EA, Alshahrani A, Farooq I, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Dentin Bond Integrity of Filled and Unfilled Resin Adhesive Enhanced with Silica Nanoparticles-An SEM, EDX, Micro-Raman, FTIR and Micro-Tensile Bond Strength Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071093. [PMID: 33808159 PMCID: PMC8037508 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize and assess unfilled and filled (silica nanoparticles) dentin adhesive polymer. Methods encompassing scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-namely, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and micro-Raman spectroscopy-were utilized to investigate Si particles' shape and incorporation, dentin bond toughness, degree of conversion (DC), and adhesive-dentin interaction. The Si particles were incorporated in the experimental adhesive (EA) at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt. % to yield Si-EA-0% (negative control group), Si-EA-5%, Si-EA-10%, and Si-EA-15% groups, respectively. Teeth were set to form bonded samples using adhesives in four groups for µTBS testing, with and without aging. Si particles were spherical shaped and resin tags having standard penetrations were detected on SEM micrographs. The EDX analysis confirmed the occurrence of Si in the adhesive groups (maximum in the Si-EA-15% group). Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of characteristic peaks at 638, 802, and 1300 cm-1 for the Si particles. The µTBS test revealed the highest mean values for Si-EA-15% followed by Si-EA-10%. The greatest DC was appreciated for the control group trailed by the Si-EA-5% group. The addition of Si particles of 15 and 10 wt. % in dentin adhesive showed improved bond strength. The addition of 15 wt. % resulted in a bond strength that was superior to all other groups. The Si-EA-15% group demonstrated acceptable DC, suitable dentin interaction, and resin tag formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasem M. Alhenaki
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Esra A. Attar
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Alshahrani
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (A.A.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence:
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246
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Alnakib Y, Alsaady A. Influence of Ceramic and Substrate Types on the Microleakage of Aged Porcelain Laminate Veneers. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:67-76. [PMID: 33732028 PMCID: PMC7959209 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s280280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of the type of ceramic, and the influence of the type of cervical substrate on the microleakage of aged Porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs). Materials and Methods A total of 48 sound human maxillary premolars were divided randomly into two groups (n=24), Group A: lithium disilicate PLVs; Group B: zirconia reinforced lithium silicate PLVs. The groups were further subdivided into four subgroups (n=12): (A1, B1): finishing line placed in Class V composite filling; (A2, B2): finishing line placed in sound enamel. In subgroups A1 and B1 standardized Class V cavities were prepared and restored with nanocomposite. Standardized PLVs tooth preparation was done for the specimens in all subgroups. Cementation of PLVs was done with a light cured resin cement and specimens were stored in distilled water for 2 weeks. Mechanical load cycling (45,000 cycle, 49 N at 2.5 Hz) and thermocycling procedure (500 cycles, 5–55°C) were done. A microleakage test was done with dye penetration (2% methylene blue) and the microleakage percentage was recorded and calculated using a stereomicroscope and ImageJ program. Results Means of microleakage percentage of the subgroups were: A1 (6.6075%), A2 (4.6058%), B1 (7.3158%), and B2 (6.105%), Two-way ANOVA showed a significant effect of ceramic type and cervical composite substrate. According to samples t-test, subgroup A2 was significantly lower than A1 and B2, while subgroup B2 was significantly lower than B1. A P-value≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion The type of ceramic and the type of substrate both affects PLV microleakage. Lithium disilicate PLVs had significantly lower microleakage compared to zirconia reinforced lithium silicate PLVs. Teeth with cervical composite substrate had a significantly higher microleakage compared to teeth with enamel substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Alnakib
- Department of conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ammar Alsaady
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Wemken G, Burkhardt F, Spies BC, Kleinvogel L, Adali U, Sterzenbach G, Beuer F, Wesemann C. Bond strength of conventional, subtractive, and additive manufactured denture bases to soft and hard relining materials. Dent Mater 2021; 37:928-938. [PMID: 33722400 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the tensile and flexural strength of poured, subtractive, and additive manufactured denture base methacrylates bonded to soft and hard relining materials after hydrothermal cycling and microwave irradiation. METHODS This study included a conventional (CB), subtractive (SB), and additive (AB) base material as well as a soft (SCR) and hard (HCR) chairside and one hard laboratory-side (HLR) relining material. Reference bodies of the base materials and bonded specimens to the relining materials were produced with a rectangular cross-section. The specimens were either pre-treated by water storage (50 h, 37 °C), hydrothermal cycling (5000 cycles, 5 °C and 55 °C, 30 s each), or microwave irradiation (6 cycles, 640 W, 3 min, wet). A tensile and four-point bending test were performed for a total of 504 specimens. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS In comparison with the other reference groups SB showed marginally higher tensile and flexural strength (p < 0.047). Bond strength to SCR was affected neither by the base material nor by the pre-treatment (p > 0.085). HCR demonstrated twice the bond strength to AB compared with SB and CB (p ≤ 0.001). HLR showed the highest bond strength to CB (p ≤ 0.001). There was no difference between the specimens after hydrothermally cycling and microwave irradiation (p > 0.318). SIGNIFICANCE The bond strength of hard relining materials to subtractive and additive manufactured denture bases differ compared with conventional pouring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Wemken
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Burkhardt
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Christopher Spies
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Kleinvogel
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ufuk Adali
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Sterzenbach
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Beuer
- Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wesemann
- Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Center for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Assmanshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Microtensile Bond Strength of Etch-and-Rinse Adhesives in Different Hydroabrasion Conditionings. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:6649578. [PMID: 33679979 PMCID: PMC7904370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to in vitro evaluate the effect of dentin conditioning with hydroabrasion on the microtensile bond strengths of three adhesive systems, compared to the standard etch-and-rinse technique. Sixty extracted human third molars were collected, and their midcoronal occlusal dentin was used for the microtensile bond strength test. Teeth were randomly assigned to three groups according to the adhesive system used: ExciTE F DSC, ENA Bond, and Scotchbond Universal. Specimens from each group were further divided into four subgroups: control specimens were treated with standard adhesive procedures; hydroabraded (HA) specimens were subjected to preventive hydroabrasion with three different intensity levels. After bonding procedures, composite crowns were incrementally built up. After thermocycling, specimens were subsequently sectioned into 1 × 1 mm sticks, and microtensile bond strengths were measured. Data were statistically analyzed. Failure mode analysis was performed. There were no significant differences in terms of bond strength between standard adhesion protocols and adhesion with HA preconditionings. On the other hand, the type of adhesive used had a significant effect on the tensile bond strength. Subgroups treated with hydroabrasion at higher intensity showed a slightly increased frequency of cohesive fractures. In conclusion, hydroabrasion can be used for dentin cavity preparation or finishing, since it does not seem to affect the bonding effectiveness.
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249
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Evaluation of physical and adhesive properties of enamel after a therapeutic dose of radiation and bonding of orthodontic metal brackets: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396919001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAim:The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal brackets and adhesive properties of bonded irradiated and non-irradiated teeth.Methods:Sixty-six extracted premolar samples were randomly divided into three groups—(a) Control group consisting of 22 non-irradiated, non-aged teeth (Group 1), (b) 22 non-irradiated, aged samples (Group 2) and (c) 22 irradiated, aged samples (Group 3). Irradiation was done using gamma irradiation with a fractionated dose of 60 Gy for 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks. Metal brackets were bonded on all samples with light cure adhesive and subjected to SBS test using universal testing machine. The samples were assessed under the scanning electron microscope to check for the adhesive remnant index (ARI) and tag depth.Results:There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean SBS of the irradiated samples compared to the non-irradiated teeth. The non-irradiated, aged samples showed a majority of ARI scoring 1 and 2. Whereas, the irradiated samples showed ARI scoring 2 and 3. Approximately, 77·3% of the non-irradiated samples showed no adhesive present on the tooth surface, and 27·2% of the irradiated samples had more than 50% adhesive present on the enamel surface.Conclusion:There is a statistically significant decrease in SBS of irradiated enamel compared to that of non-irradiated teeth. However, the SBS observed in the three groups was well above the ideal SBS for orthodontic bonding, that is, 5·6–6·8 MPa. The adhesive remnant was found on all samples of the irradiated group. Deeper adhesive resin tags were found in the irradiated group in the resin–enamel interface.
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Boussès Y, Brulat-Bouchard N, Bouchard PO, Tillier Y. A numerical, theoretical and experimental study of the effect of thermocycling on the matrix-filler interface of dental restorative materials. Dent Mater 2021; 37:772-782. [PMID: 33608140 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thermocycling is widely used to age dental composites but with very different results from one study to another, even with apparent similar conditions. This study aims at understanding better the relative damaging speed of matrix and fillers, based on theoretical models. METHODS Eight formulations of an experimental dental material were produced. The same organic matrix was used and silanated barium glass particles were added as fillers with different filler ratios. Samples were thermocycled up to 10 000 cycles. Three-point bending tests were carried out at different steps. The yield stress was measured among other mechanical properties. RESULTS Composite properties were degraded by thermocycling. The decrease was slight during the first 5 000 cycles whereas it decreased significantly after 10 000 cycles. The Turcsányi model asserts that the interface yield stress is slightly affected in the first 5 000 cycles and then falls down, while the decrease of matrix yield stress is linear. SIGNIFICANCE Each component of a composite does not age at the same rate. First, the matrix acts as a protector until the water finds its way to the interphase. The filler silanization treatment is highly sensitive to hydrolysis and is damaged rapidly from that moment. Numerical simulations and surface observations confirmed that cracks appear to propagate in the neighbourhood of the interface but not directly within it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Boussès
- CEMEF Centre de Mise En Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, CS10 207, France.
| | - Nathalie Brulat-Bouchard
- CEMEF Centre de Mise En Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, CS10 207, France; UFR d'Odontologie Nice Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Bouchard
- CEMEF Centre de Mise En Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, CS10 207, France
| | - Yannick Tillier
- CEMEF Centre de Mise En Forme des Matériaux, MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 7635, Sophia Antipolis, CS10 207, France
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