201
|
Hwang J, Choi H, Kim A, Yun J, Yu R, Woo ER, Lee D. Hibicuslide C-induced cell death in Candida albicans
involves apoptosis mechanism. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1400-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.H. Hwang
- School of Life Sciences; BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - H. Choi
- School of Life Sciences; BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - A.R. Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - J.W. Yun
- Department of Biotechnology; Daegu University; Kyungsan Korea
| | - R. Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; University of Ulsan; Ulsan Korea
| | - E.-R. Woo
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - D.G. Lee
- School of Life Sciences; BK 21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; College of Natural Sciences; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Jung JH, Kim J. Roles of Edc3 in the oxidative stress response and CaMCA1-encoded metacaspase expression in Candida albicans. FEBS J 2014; 281:4841-51. [PMID: 25158786 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Edc3 protein is an enhancer of mRNA decapping, and acts as a scaffold protein for the mRNA granules that are known as processing bodies in yeast. In the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, various stresses, such as glucose depletion, oxidative stress, and filamentation defects, induce the accumulation of processing bodies. Here, we report that the edc3/edc3 deletion strain showed increased resistance to various stresses, including hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and high temperature. Oxidative stress is known to induce the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic cell death in C. albicans. We found that the ROS level was lower in edc3/edc3 cells than in wild-type cells following oxidative stress. We also observed that expression of the metacaspase gene CaMCA1 was decreased in edc3/edc3 cells. Overexpression of CaMCA1 suppressed the decreased accumulation of ROS and the increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide in edc3/edc3 cells. The catalase Cat1 and the superoxide dismutase Sod1 were upregulated in edc3/edc3 cells as compared with wild-type cells. On the basis of these findings, we suggest that EDC3 plays a critical role in the expression of CaMCA1 and the oxidative stress response in C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
203
|
Mahdavian E, Palyok P, Adelmund S, Williams-Hart T, Furmanski BD, Kim YJ, Gu Y, Barzegar M, Wu Y, Bhinge KN, Kolluru GK, Quick Q, Liu YY, Kevil CG, Salvatore BA, Huang S, Clifford JL. Biological activities of fusarochromanone: a potent anti-cancer agent. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:601. [PMID: 25187308 PMCID: PMC4168212 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarochromanone (FC101) is a small molecule fungal metabolite with a host of interesting biological functions, including very potent anti-angiogenic and direct anti-cancer activity. Results Herein, we report that FC101 exhibits very potent in-vitro growth inhibitory effects (IC50 ranging from 10nM-2.5 μM) against HaCat (pre-malignant skin), P9-WT (malignant skin), MCF-7 (low malignant breast), MDA-231 (malignant breast), SV-HUC (premalignant bladder), UM-UC14 (malignant bladder), and PC3 (malignant prostate) in a time-course and dose-dependent manner, with the UM-UC14 cells being the most sensitive. FC101 induces apoptosis and an increase in proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase in both HaCat and P9-WT cell lines as evidenced by cell cycle profile analysis. In a mouse xenograft SCC tumor model, FC101 was well tolerated, non-toxic, and achieved a 30% reduction in tumor size at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day. FC101 is also a potent anti-angiogenenic agent. At nanomolar doses, FC101 inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells. Conclusions Our data presented here indicates that FC101 is an excellent lead candidate for a small molecule anti-cancer agent that simultaneously affects angiogenesis signaling, cancer signal transduction, and apoptosis. Further understanding of the underlying FC101’s molecular mechanism may lead to the design of novel targeted and selective therapeutics, both of which are pursued targets in cancer drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mahdavian
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, LSU-Shreveport, One University Place, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
204
|
Ferreira P, Cardoso T, Ferreira F, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Piper P, Sousa MJ. Mentha piperitaessential oil induces apoptosis in yeast associated with both cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS-mediated damage. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Teresa Cardoso
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Manuel Fernandes-Ferreira
- CITAB; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences; Porto Portugal
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- MAPPROD Lda; Braga Portugal
| | - Peter Piper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Feng S, Powell SM, Wilson R, Bowman JP. Extensive gene acquisition in the extremely psychrophilic bacterial species Psychroflexus torquis and the link to sea-ice ecosystem specialism. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:133-48. [PMID: 24391155 PMCID: PMC3914696 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea ice is a highly dynamic and productive environment that includes a diverse array of psychrophilic prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa distinct from the underlying water column. Because sea ice has only been extensive on Earth since the mid-Eocene, it has been hypothesized that bacteria highly adapted to inhabit sea ice have traits that have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Here we compared the genomes of the psychrophilic bacterium Psychroflexus torquis ATCC 700755T, associated with both Antarctic and Arctic sea ice, and its closely related nonpsychrophilic sister species, P. gondwanensis ACAM 44T. Results show that HGT has occurred much more extensively in P. torquis in comparison to P. gondwanensis. Genetic features that can be linked to the psychrophilic and sea ice-specific lifestyle of P. torquis include genes for exopolysaccharide (EPS) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biosynthesis, numerous specific modes of nutrient acquisition, and proteins putatively associated with ice-binding, light-sensing (bacteriophytochromes), and programmed cell death (metacaspases). Proteomic analysis showed that several genes associated with these traits are highly translated, especially those involved with EPS and PUFA production. Because most of the genes relating to the ability of P. torquis to dwell in sea-ice ecosystems occur on genomic islands that are absent in closely related P. gondwanensis, its adaptation to the sea-ice environment appears driven mainly by HGT. The genomic islands are rich in pseudogenes, insertional elements, and addiction modules, suggesting that gene acquisition is being followed by a process of genome reduction potentially indicative of evolving ecosystem specialism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Feng
- Food Safety Centre, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
206
|
A novel mechanism for the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli. Biometals 2014; 27:1191-201. [PMID: 25104311 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are known to have antimicrobial properties and have been used extensively in medicine, although the mechanism(s) of action have not yet been clearly established. In the present study, the findings suggest a novel mechanism for the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Escherichia coli, namely, the induction of a bacterial apoptosis-like response. We propose a possible mechanism for the bacterial apoptosis-like response that includes the following: accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (detected with H2DCFDA staining), increased intracellular calcium levels (detected with Fura-2 AM), phosphatidylserine exposure in the outer membrane (detected with Annexin V) which is the hallmarks of early apoptosis, disruption of the membrane potential [detected with DiBAC4(3)], activation of a bacterial caspase-like protein (detected by FITC-VAD-FMK staining) and DNA degradation (detected with TUNEL assay) which is the hallmarks of late apoptosis in bacterial cells treated with silver nanoparticles. We also performed RecA expression assay with western blotting and observed activation of SOS response to repair the damaged DNA. To summarize, silver nanoparticles are involved in the apoptosis-like response in E. coli and the novel mechanisms which were identified in this study, suggest that silver nanoparticles may be an effective antimicrobial agent with far lower propensity for inducing microbial resistance than antibiotics.
Collapse
|
207
|
Response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104428. [PMID: 25105496 PMCID: PMC4126697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide, known as endotoxin, can stimulate potent host immune responses through the complex of Toll-like-receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation protein 2; but its influence on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model organism for studying eukaryotes, is not clear. In this study, we found that lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells could be stained by methylene blue, but did not die. Transcriptional profiling of the lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells showed that 5745 genes were modulated: 2491 genes up-regulated and 3254 genes down-regulated. Significantly regulated genes (460 up-regulated genes and 135 down-regulated genes) in lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells were analyzed on Gene Ontology, and used to establish physical protein-protein interaction network and protein phosphorylation network. Based on these analyses, most of the regulated genes in lipopolysaccharide-treated S. cerevisiae cells were related to cell wall, membrane, peroxisome and mitochondrion. Further experiments demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide stimulation caused the exposure of phosphatidylserine and the increase of mitochondrial membrane potential in S. cerevisiae cells, but levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and metacaspase activation were not increased. This study demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide stimulation causes significant changes in S. cerevisiae cells, and the results would contribute to understand the response of eukaryotic cells to lipopolysaccharide stimulation.
Collapse
|
208
|
Magainin 2 Induces Bacterial Cell Death Showing Apoptotic Properties. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:794-801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
209
|
Wanichthanarak K, Nookaew I, Petranovic D. yStreX: yeast stress expression database. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau068. [PMID: 25024351 PMCID: PMC4095678 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade genome-wide expression analyses have been often used to study how expression of genes changes in response to various environmental stresses. Many of these studies (such as effects of oxygen concentration, temperature stress, low pH stress, osmotic stress, depletion or limitation of nutrients, addition of different chemical compounds, etc.) have been conducted in the unicellular Eukaryal model, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the lack of a unifying or integrated, bioinformatics platform that would permit efficient and rapid use of all these existing data remain an important issue. To facilitate research by exploiting existing transcription data in the field of yeast physiology, we have developed the yStreX database. It is an online repository of analyzed gene expression data from curated data sets from different studies that capture genome-wide transcriptional changes in response to diverse environmental transitions. The first aim of this online database is to facilitate comparison of cross-platform and cross-laboratory gene expression data. Additionally, we performed different expression analyses, meta-analyses and gene set enrichment analyses; and the results are also deposited in this database. Lastly, we constructed a user-friendly Web interface with interactive visualization to provide intuitive access and to display the queried data for users with no background in bioinformatics. Database URL:http://www.ystrexdb.com
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwanjeera Wanichthanarak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden and Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden and Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USADepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden and Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden and Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Affiliation(s)
- Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Abstract
Genetically programmed death of an organism, or phenoptosis, can be found not only in animals and plants, but also in bacteria. Taking into account intrapopulational relations identified in bacteria, it is easy to imagine the importance of phenoptosis in the regulation of a multicellular bacterial community in the real world of its existence. For example, autolysis of part of the population limits the spread of viral infection. Destruction of cells with damaged DNA contributes to the maintenance of low level of mutations. Phenoptosis can facilitate the exchange of genetic information in a bacterial population as a result of release of DNA from lysed cells. Bacteria use a special "language" to transmit signals in a population; it is used for coordinated regulation of gene expression. This special type of regulation of bacterial gene expression is usually active at high densities of bacteria populations, and it was named "quorum sensing" (QS). Different molecules can be used for signaling purposes. Phenoptosis, which is carried out by toxin-antitoxin systems, was found to depend on the density of the population; it requires a QS factor, which is called the extracellular death factor. The study of phenoptosis in bacteria is of great practical importance. The components that make up the systems ensuring the programmed cell death, including QS factor, may be used for the development of drugs that will activate mechanisms of phenoptosis and promote the destruction of pathogenic bacteria. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the genes encoding several key enzymes involved in apoptosis of eukaryotes, such as paracaspases and metacaspases, apoptotic ATPases, proteins containing NACHT leucine-rich repeat, and proteases similar to mitochondrial HtrA-like protease, have homologs in bacteria. Proteomics techniques have allowed for the first time to identify the proteins formed during phenoptosis that participate in orderly liquidation of Streptomyces coelicolor and Escherichia coli cells. Among these proteins enzymes have been found that are involved in the degradation of cellular macromolecules, regulatory proteins, and stress-induced proteins. Future studies involving methods of biochemistry, genetics, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics should support a better understanding of the "mystery" of bacterial programmed cell death; this knowledge might be used to control bacterial populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O A Koksharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
212
|
Shirazi F, Kontoyiannis DP. Heat shock protein 90 and calcineurin pathway inhibitors enhance the efficacy of triazoles against Scedosporium prolificans via induction of apoptosis. MICROBIAL CELL 2014; 1:179-188. [PMID: 28357242 PMCID: PMC5354560 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Scedosporium prolificans is a pathogenic mold resistant to
current antifungals, and infection results in high mortality. Simultaneous
targeting of both ergosterol biosynthesis and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) or
the calcineurin pathway in S. prolificans may be an important
strategy for enhancing the potency of antifungal agents. We hypothesized that
the inactive triazoles posaconazole (PCZ) and itraconazole (ICZ) acquire
fungicidal activity when combined with the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus
(TCR) or Hsp90 inhibitor 17-demethoxy-17-(2-propenylamino) geldanamycin (17AAG).
PCZ, ICZ, TCR and 17AAG alone were inactive in vitro against
S. prolificans spores (MICs > 128 μg/ml). In contrast,
MICs for PCZ or ICZ in combination with TCR or 17AAG (0.125-0.50 μg/ml) were
much lower compared with drug alone. In addition PCZ and ICZ in combination with
TCR or 17AAG became fungicidal. Because apoptosis is regulated by the
calcineurin pathway in fungi and is under the control of Hsp90, we hypothesized
that this synergistic fungicidal effect is mediated via apoptosis. This observed
fungicidal activity was mediated by increased apoptosis of S.
prolificans germlings, as evidenced by reactive oxygen species
accumulation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine
externalization, and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, induction of caspase-like
activity was correlated with TCR or 17AAG + PCZ/ICZ-induced cell death. In
conclusion, we report for the first time that PCZ or ICZ in combination with TCR
or 17AAG renders S. prolificans exquisitely sensitive to PCZ or
ICZ via apoptosis. This finding may stimulate the development of new therapeutic
strategies for patients infected with this recalcitrant fungus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Shirazi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
213
|
Sirisha VL, Sinha M, D'Souza JS. Menadione-induced caspase-dependent programmed cell death in the green chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2014; 50:587-601. [PMID: 26988330 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Menadione, a quinone that undergoes redox cycles leading to the formation of superoxide radicals, induces programmed cell death (PCD) in animals and plants. In this study, we investigated whether the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P.A.Dangeard is capable of executing PCD upon exposure to menadione stress. We report here, the morphological, molecular, and biochemical changes after menadione exposure of C. reinhardtii cells. The effect of menadione on cell death has been shown to be dose-dependent; 5-100 μM menadione causes 20%-46% cell death, respectively. It appears that growth is inhibited with the concomitant degradation of the photosynthetic pigments and by a decrease in the photosynthetic capacity. Being an oxidative stress, we found an H2 O2 burst within 15 min of menadione exposure, followed by an increase in antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]) activities. In parallel, RT-PCR was performed for transcript analyses of Mn-SOD, CAT, and APX. Our results clearly revealed that expression of these genes were up-regulated upon menadione exposure. Furthermore, classical hallmarks of PCD such as alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, significant increase in caspase-3-like DEVDase activity, cleavage of poly (ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP)-1-like enzyme, and DNA fragmentation as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and oligosomal DNA fragmentation were observed. Moreover, antibodies against a mammalian active caspase-3 shared epitopes with a caspase-3-like protein of ~17 kDa; its pattern of expression and activity correlated with the onset of cell death. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on menadione-induced PCD through a mitochondrian-caspase protease pathway in an algal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V L Sirisha
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Mahuya Sinha
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| | - Jacinta S D'Souza
- Department of Biology, UM-DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, Kalina campus, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400 098, India
| |
Collapse
|
214
|
Hill SM, Hao X, Liu B, Nyström T. Life-span extension by a metacaspase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 2014; 344:1389-92. [PMID: 24855027 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell species harbor ancestral structural homologs of caspase proteases, although the evolutionary benefit of such apoptosis-related proteins in unicellular organisms is unclear. Here, we found that the yeast metacaspase Mca1 is recruited to the insoluble protein deposit (IPOD) and juxtanuclear quality-control compartment (JUNQ) during aging and proteostatic stress. Elevating MCA1 expression counteracted accumulation of unfolded proteins and aggregates and extended life span in a heat shock protein Hsp104 disaggregase- and proteasome-dependent manner. Consistent with a role in protein quality control, genetic interaction analysis revealed that MCA1 buffers against deficiencies in the Hsp40 chaperone YDJ1 in a caspase cysteine-dependent manner. Life-span extension and aggregate management by Mca1 was only partly dependent on its conserved catalytic cysteine, which suggests that Mca1 harbors both caspase-dependent and independent functions related to life-span control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Malmgren Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB), University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Xinxin Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB), University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Beidong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB), University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology (CMB), University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, S-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Johnson JE, Johnson FB. Methionine restriction activates the retrograde response and confers both stress tolerance and lifespan extension to yeast, mouse and human cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97729. [PMID: 24830393 PMCID: PMC4022668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A methionine-restricted diet robustly improves healthspan in key model organisms. For example, methionine restriction reduces age-related pathologies and extends lifespan up to 45% in rodents. However, the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain largely unknown. We tested whether the yeast chronological aging assay could model the benefits of methionine restriction, and found that this intervention extends lifespan when enforced by either dietary or genetic approaches, and furthermore, that the observed lifespan extension is due primarily to reduced acid accumulation. In addition, methionine restriction-induced lifespan extension requires the activity of the retrograde response, which regulates nuclear gene expression in response to changes in mitochondrial function. Consistent with an involvement of stress-responsive retrograde signaling, we also found that methionine-restricted yeast are more stress tolerant than control cells. Prompted by these findings in yeast, we tested the effects of genetic methionine restriction on the stress tolerance and replicative lifespans of cultured mouse and human fibroblasts. We found that such methionine-restricted mammalian cells are resistant to numerous cytotoxic stresses, and are substantially longer-lived than control cells. In addition, similar to yeast, the extended lifespan of methionine-restricted mammalian cells is associated with NFκB-mediated retrograde signaling. Overall, our data suggest that improved stress tolerance and extension of replicative lifespan may contribute to the improved healthspan observed in methionine-restricted rodents, and also support the possibility that manipulation of the pathways engaged by methionine restriction may improve healthspan in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay E. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - F. Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
216
|
Coll NS, Smidler A, Puigvert M, Popa C, Valls M, Dangl JL. The plant metacaspase AtMC1 in pathogen-triggered programmed cell death and aging: functional linkage with autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1399-408. [PMID: 24786830 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major nutrient recycling mechanism in plants. However, its functional connection with programmed cell death (PCD) is a topic of active debate and remains not well understood. Our previous studies established the plant metacaspase AtMC1 as a positive regulator of pathogen-triggered PCD. Here, we explored the linkage between plant autophagy and AtMC1 function in the context of pathogen-triggered PCD and aging. We observed that autophagy acts as a positive regulator of pathogen-triggered PCD in a parallel pathway to AtMC1. In addition, we unveiled an additional, pro-survival homeostatic function of AtMC1 in aging plants that acts in parallel to a similar pro-survival function of autophagy. This novel pro-survival role of AtMC1 may be functionally related to its prodomain-mediated aggregate localization and potential clearance, in agreement with recent findings using the single budding yeast metacaspase YCA1. We propose a unifying model whereby autophagy and AtMC1 are part of parallel pathways, both positively regulating HR cell death in young plants, when these functions are not masked by the cumulative stresses of aging, and negatively regulating senescence in older plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N S Coll
- 1] Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA [2] Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Smidler
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - M Puigvert
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Popa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Valls
- 1] Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Genetics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Dangl
- 1] Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA [3] Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA [4] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA [5] Carolina Center for Genome Sciences University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Ruckenstuhl C, Netzberger C, Entfellner I, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Kickenweiz T, Stekovic S, Gleixner C, Schmid C, Klug L, Sorgo AG, Eisenberg T, Büttner S, Mariño G, Koziel R, Jansen-Dürr P, Fröhlich KU, Kroemer G, Madeo F. Lifespan extension by methionine restriction requires autophagy-dependent vacuolar acidification. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004347. [PMID: 24785424 PMCID: PMC4006742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced supply of the amino acid methionine increases longevity across species through an as yet elusive mechanism. Here, we report that methionine restriction (MetR) extends yeast chronological lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner. Single deletion of several genes essential for autophagy (ATG5, ATG7 or ATG8) fully abolished the longevity-enhancing capacity of MetR. While pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TOR1 increased lifespan in methionine-prototroph yeast, TOR1 suppression failed to extend the longevity of methionine-restricted yeast cells. Notably, vacuole-acidity was specifically enhanced by MetR, a phenotype that essentially required autophagy. Overexpression of vacuolar ATPase components (Vma1p or Vph2p) suffices to increase chronological lifespan of methionine-prototrophic yeast. In contrast, lifespan extension upon MetR was prevented by inhibition of vacuolar acidity upon disruption of the vacuolar ATPase. In conclusion, autophagy promotes lifespan extension upon MetR and requires the subsequent stimulation of vacuolar acidification, while it is epistatic to the equally autophagy-dependent anti-aging pathway triggered by TOR1 inhibition or deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iryna Entfellner
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Kickenweiz
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Slaven Stekovic
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Christian Schmid
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Klug
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alice G. Sorgo
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Büttner
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Paris 11, Villejuif, France
| | - Rafal Koziel
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research (IBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pidder Jansen-Dürr
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research (IBA), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai-Uwe Fröhlich
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U848, Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Iakimova E, Atanassov A, Woltering E. Chemical- and Pathogen-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
219
|
Iakimova E, Batchvarova R, Kapchina-Toteva V, Popov T, Atanassov A, Woltering E. Inhibition of Apoptotic Cell Death Induced byPseudomonas Syringaepv.Tabaciand Mycotoxin Fumonizin B1. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2004.10817084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
220
|
Biswas C, Zuo X, Chen SCA, Schibeci SD, Forwood JK, Jolliffe KA, Sorrell TC, Djordjevic JT. Functional disruption of yeast metacaspase, Mca1, leads to miltefosine resistance and inability to mediate miltefosine-induced apoptotic effects. Fungal Genet Biol 2014; 67:71-81. [PMID: 24731805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Miltefosine (MI) is a novel, potential antifungal agent with activity against some yeast and filamentous fungal pathogens. We previously demonstrated in the model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, that MI causes disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis-like cell death via interaction with the Cox9p sub-unit of cytochrome c oxidase (COX). To identify additional mechanisms of antifungal action, MI resistance was induced in S. cerevisiae by exposure to the mutagen, ethyl methanesulfonate, and gene mutation(s) responsible for resistance were investigated. An MI-resistant haploid strain (H-C101) was created. Resistance was retained in the diploid strain (D-C101) following mating, confirming dominant inheritance. Phenotypic assessment of individual D-C101 tetrads revealed that only one mutant gene contributed to the MI-resistance phenotype. To identify this gene, the genome of H-C101 was sequenced and 17 mutated genes, including metacaspase-encoding MCA1, were identified. The MCA1 mutation resulted in substitution of asparagine (N) with aspartic acid (D) at position 164 (MCA1(N164D)). MI resistance was found to be primarily due to MCA1(N164D), as single-copy episomal expression of MCA1(N164D), but not two other mutated genes (FAS1(T1417I) and BCK2(T104A)), resulted in MI resistance in the wild-type strain. Furthermore, an MCA1 deletion mutant (mca1Δ) was MI-resistant. MI treatment led to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MI-resistant (MCA1(N164D)-expressing and mca1Δ) strains and MI-susceptible (MCA1-expressing) strains, but failed to activate Mca1 in the MI-resistant strains, demonstrating that ROS accumulation does not contribute to the fungicidal effect of MI. In conclusion, functional disruption of Mca1, leads to MI resistance and inability to mediate MI-induced apoptotic effects. Mca1-mediated apoptosis is therefore a major mechanism of MI-induced antifungal action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Biswas
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Zuo
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sharon C-A Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, ICPMR-Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Stephen D Schibeci
- Institute for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | | | - Tania C Sorrell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julianne T Djordjevic
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Rajawat J, Alex T, Mir H, Kadam A, Begum R. Proteases involved during oxidative stress-induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-mediated cell death in Dictyostelium discoideum. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 160:1101-1111. [PMID: 24719454 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.076620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis involves a cascade of caspase activation leading to the ordered dismantling of critical cell components. However, little is known about the dismantling process in non-apoptotic cell death where caspases are not involved. Dictyostelium discoideum is a good model system to study caspase-independent cell death where experimental accessibility of non-apoptotic cell death is easier and molecular redundancy is reduced compared with other animal models. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is one of the key players in cell death. We have previously reported the role of PARP in development and the oxidative stress-induced cell death of D. discoideum. D. discoideum possesses nine PARP genes and does not have a caspase gene, and thus it provides a better model system to dissect the role of PARP in caspase-independent cell death. The current study shows that non-apoptotic cell death in D. discoideum occurs in a programmed fashion where proteases cause mitochondrial membrane potential changes followed by plasma membrane rupture and early loss of plasma membrane integrity. Furthermore, the results suggest that calpains and cathepsin D, which are instrumental in dismantling the cell, act downstream of PARP. Thus, PARP, apoptosis inducing factor, calpains and cathepsin D are the key players in D. discoideum caspase-independent cell death, acting in a sequential manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Rajawat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Tina Alex
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
|
223
|
Chen Y, Zeng H, Tian J, Ban X, Ma B, Wang Y. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed essential oil induces Candida albicans apoptosis in a metacaspase-dependent manner. Fungal Biol 2014; 118:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
224
|
Silva PM, Gonçalves S, Santos NC. Defensins: antifungal lessons from eukaryotes. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:97. [PMID: 24688483 PMCID: PMC3960590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been the focus of intense research toward the finding of a viable alternative to current antifungal drugs. Defensins are one of the major families of AMPs and the most represented among all eukaryotic groups, providing an important first line of host defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Several of these cysteine-stabilized peptides present a relevant effect against fungi. Defensins are the AMPs with the broader distribution across all eukaryotic kingdoms, namely, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia, and were recently shown to have an ancestor in a bacterial organism. As a part of the host defense, defensins act as an important vehicle of information between innate and adaptive immune system and have a role in immunomodulation. This multidimensionality represents a powerful host shield, hard for microorganisms to overcome using single approach resistance strategies. Pathogenic fungi resistance to conventional antimycotic drugs is becoming a major problem. Defensins, as other AMPs, have shown to be an effective alternative to the current antimycotic therapies, demonstrating potential as novel therapeutic agents or drug leads. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on some eukaryotic defensins with antifungal action. An overview of the main targets in the fungal cell and the mechanism of action of these AMPs (namely, the selectivity for some fungal membrane components) are presented. Additionally, recent works on antifungal defensins structure, activity, and cytotoxicity are also reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Spincemaille P, Chandhok G, Newcomb B, Verbeek J, Vriens K, Zibert A, Schmidt H, Hannun YA, van Pelt J, Cassiman D, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. The plant decapeptide OSIP108 prevents copper-induced apoptosis in yeast and human cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1207-1215. [PMID: 24632503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified the Arabidopsis thaliana-derived decapeptide OSIP108, which increases tolerance of plants and yeast cells to oxidative stress. As excess copper (Cu) is known to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis, and is characteristic for the human pathology Wilson disease, we investigated the effect of OSIP108 on Cu-induced toxicity in yeast. We found that OSIP108 increased yeast viability in the presence of toxic Cu concentrations, and decreased the prevalence of Cu-induced apoptotic markers. Next, we translated these results to the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, demonstrating anti-apoptotic activity of OSIP108 in this cell line. In addition, we found that OSIP108 did not affect intracellular Cu levels in HepG2 cells, but preserved HepG2 mitochondrial ultrastructure. As Cu is known to induce acid sphingomyelinase activity of HepG2 cells, we performed a sphingolipidomic analysis of OSIP108-treated HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that OSIP108 decreased the levels of several sphingoid bases and ceramide species. Moreover, exogenous addition of the sphingoid base dihydrosphingosine abolished the protective effect of OSIP108 against Cu-induced cell death in yeast. These findings indicate the potential of OSIP108 to prevent Cu-induced apoptosis, possibly via its effects on sphingolipid homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Spincemaille
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Gursimran Chandhok
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Newcomb
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, University of Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Vriens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Andree Zibert
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- Clinic for Transplantation Medicine, Münster University Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A14, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, University of Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.,Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Sukhanova EI, Rogov AG, Severin FF, Zvyagilskaya RA. Phenoptosis in yeasts. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 77:761-75. [PMID: 22817540 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912070097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current view on phenoptosis and apoptosis as genetic programs aimed at eliminating potentially dangerous organisms and cells, respectively, is given. Special emphasis is placed on apoptosis (phenoptosis) in yeasts: intracellular defects and a plethora of external stimuli inducing apoptosis in yeasts; distinctive morphological and biochemical hallmarks accompanying apoptosis in yeasts; pro- and antiapoptotic factors involved in yeast apoptosis signaling; consecutive stages of apoptosis from external stimulus to the cell death; a prominent role of mitochondria and other organelles in yeast apoptosis; possible pathways for release of apoptotic factors from the intermembrane mitochondrial space into the cytosol are described. Using some concrete examples, the obvious physiological importance and expediency of altruistic death of yeast cells is shown. Poorly known aspects of yeast apoptosis and prospects for yeast apoptosis study are defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E I Sukhanova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
227
|
Wang CQ, Li X, Wang MQ, Qian J, Zheng K, Bian HW, Han N, Wang JH, Pan JW, Zhu MY. Protective effects of ETC complex III and cytochrome c against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in yeast. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:435-44. [PMID: 24437935 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.885116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the mitochondrial electron transfer components (ETC) complex III and cytochrome c (cyt c) play essential roles in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis. However, in yeast, the functions of cyt c and other ETC components remain unclear. In this study, three ETC-defective yeast mutants qcr7Δ, cyc1Δcyc7Δ, and cox12Δ, lacking cyt c oxidoreductase (complex III), cyt c, and cyt c oxidase (complex IV), respectively, were used to test the roles of these proteins in the response of cells to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Mutants qcr7Δ and cyc1Δcyc7Δ displayed greater H₂O₂ sensitivity than the wild-type or cox12Δ mutant. Consistent with this, qcr7Δ and cyc1Δcyc7Δ produced higher ROS levels, displayed derepressed expression of the proapoptotic genes AIF1, NUC1, and NMA111, but not YCA1, at the mRNA level, and were more vulnerable to H₂O₂-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, mutants lacking these proapoptotic genes displayed enhanced H₂O₂ tolerance, but unaffected ROS accumulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Ced-9, AtBI-1, and PpBI-1) reduced the levels of AIF1, NUC1, and NMA111 mRNAs, and reduced H₂O₂-induced cell death. Our findings identify two ETC components as early-inhibitory members of the ROS-mediated apoptotic pathway, suggesting their essential roles in metabolizing H₂O₂, probably by providing reduced cyt c, allowing cyt c peroxidase to remove H₂O₂ from the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-qun Wang
- Institute of Genetics, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
228
|
Shrestha A, Lee REC, Megeney LA. Monitoring the proteostasis function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metacaspase Yca1. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1133:223-35. [PMID: 24567105 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0357-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The functional versatility of metacaspase proteases has been established by reports of their involvement in non-apoptotic cellular processes, in addition to their canonical role in apoptosis/programmed cell death. While the budding yeast metacaspase Yca1 has been well characterized for its role in cell death regulation, more recent examinations suggest that the protease may be involved in key processes that increase survival and fitness. More specifically, examinations suggest that Yca1 is central to maintaining cellular proteostasis as it interacts with major components involved in protein biosynthesis and functions to limit aggregate deposition. Here, we describe the methods utilized to analyze the role Yca1 in proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shrestha
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
229
|
Yu X, Wang H, Liu L. Two non-exclusive strategies employed to protect Torulopsis glabrata against hyperosmotic stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3099-110. [PMID: 24562390 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several recent reports described an apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) process in yeast in response to different environmental challenges. In this study, hyperosmotic stress caused by high NaCl concentration in culture medium induced cell death in the haploid yeast Torulopsis glabrata. Propidium iodide (PI) and PI/rhodamine-123 (Rh123) dual staining with flow cytometry showed that high salinity decreased intact cells by 16.5 %, increased necrotic cells by nearly twofold, and altered fermentative parameters appreciably. Morphological and biochemical indicators of apoptosis were apparent, specifically a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm), translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner to the outer side of the plasma membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and involvement of caspase all while plasma membrane integrity was maintained. Additionally, it was found that overexpression of YCA1 drastically stimulated cell death, indicating that activation of metacaspase might lead to cell death. However, T. glabrata growth under hyperosmotic stress was enhanced when FIS1, HOG1, and GPD2 were overexpressed, or when exogenous proline or glutathione (GSH) were added into the cultures, both of which could repress caspase-3 activity. Thus, in these concrete cases of overexpression of anti-apoptotic or anti-necrotic factors and pharmacological manipulations, it decreased T. glabrata cell death that might help to achieve higher fermentative efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
230
|
TMBIM protein family: ancestral regulators of cell death. Oncogene 2014; 34:269-80. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
231
|
Walter D, Matter A, Fahrenkrog B. Loss of histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 triggers apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004095. [PMID: 24497836 PMCID: PMC3907299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of histone H2B lysine 123 regulates methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and 79 (H3K79) and the lack of H2B ubiquitination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae coincides with metacaspase-dependent apoptosis. Here, we discovered that loss of H3K4 methylation due to depletion of the methyltransferase Set1p (or the two COMPASS subunits Spp1p and Bre2p, respectively) leads to enhanced cell death during chronological aging and increased sensitivity to apoptosis induction. In contrast, loss of H3K79 methylation due to DOT1 disruption only slightly affects yeast survival. SET1 depleted cells accumulate DNA damage and co-disruption of Dot1p, the DNA damage adaptor protein Rad9p, the endonuclease Nuc1p, and the metacaspase Yca1p, respectively, impedes their early death. Furthermore, aged and dying wild-type cells lose H3K4 methylation, whereas depletion of the H3K4 demethylase Jhd2p improves survival, indicating that loss of H3K4 methylation is an important trigger for cell death in S. cerevisiae. Given the evolutionary conservation of H3K4 methylation this likely plays a role in apoptosis regulation in a wide range of organisms. Covalent histone modifications alter chromatin structure and DNA accessibility, which is playing important roles in a wide range of DNA-based processes, such as transcription regulation and DNA repair, but also cell division and apoptosis. Apoptosis is the most common form of programmed cell death and plays important roles in the development and cellular homeostasis of all metazoans. Deregulation of apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including autoimmune, neoplastic and neurodegenerative disorders. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has progressively evolved as model to study the mechanisms of apoptotic regulation, and we study here the role of an evolutionary conserved trans-histone crosstalk, in particular histone methylation, in apoptotic signaling in yeast. We have identified a novel trigger for cell death in yeast and due to the strong evolutionary conservation our findings may apply to human cells and may be of importance for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying a specific subtype of acute leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Walter
- M.E. Müller Institute for Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Matter
- M.E. Müller Institute for Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- M.E. Müller Institute for Structural Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
232
|
Fujita KI, Tatsumi M, Ogita A, Kubo I, Tanaka T. Anethole induces apoptotic cell death accompanied by reactive oxygen species production and DNA fragmentation in Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS J 2014; 281:1304-13. [PMID: 24393541 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and antimicrobial activity that is weaker than that of other antibiotics on the market. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to possess significant synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the antifungal mechanism of anethole has not been completely determined. We found that anethole stimulated cell death of a human opportunistic pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, in addition to S. cerevisiae. The anethole-induced cell death was accompanied by reactive oxygen species production, metacaspase activation, and DNA fragmentation. Several mutants of S. cerevisiae, in which genes related to the apoptosis-initiating execution signals from mitochondria were deleted, were resistant to anethole. These results suggest that anethole-induced cell death could be explained by oxidative stress-dependent apoptosis via typical mitochondrial death cascades in fungi, including A. fumigatus and S. cerevisiae.
Collapse
|
233
|
Chin C, Donaghey F, Helming K, McCarthy M, Rogers S, Austriaco N. Deletion of AIF1 but not of YCA1/MCA1 protects Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans cells from caspofungin-induced programmed cell death. MICROBIAL CELL 2014; 1:58-63. [PMID: 28357223 PMCID: PMC5348969 DOI: 10.15698/mic2014.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Caspofungin was the first member of a new class of antifungals called echinocandins to be approved by a drug regulatory authority. Like the other echinocandins, caspofungin blocks the synthesis of β(1,3)-D-glucan of the fungal cell wall by inhibiting the enzyme, β(1,3)-D-glucan synthase. Loss of β(1,3)-D-glucan leads to osmotic instability and cell death. However, the precise mechanism of cell death associated with the cytotoxicity of caspofungin was unclear. We now provide evidence that Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells cultured in media containing caspofungin manifest the classical hallmarks of programmed cell death (PCD) in yeast, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the fragmentation of mitochondria, and the production of DNA strand breaks. Our data also suggests that deleting AIF1 but not YCA1/MCA1 protects S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans from caspofungin-induced cell death. This is not only the first time that AIF1 has been specifically tied to cell death in Candida but also the first time that caspofungin resistance has been linked to the cell death machinery in yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chin
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, U.S.A. ; Current address: University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 55 Lake Ave. N., Worcester, MA 01655, U.S.A
| | - Faith Donaghey
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, U.S.A
| | - Katherine Helming
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, U.S.A. ; Current address: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A
| | - Morgan McCarthy
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, U.S.A
| | - Stephen Rogers
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, U.S.A
| | - Nicanor Austriaco
- Department of Biology, Providence College, Providence, RI 02918, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
234
|
Johnson JG, Janech MG, Van Dolah FM. Caspase-like activity during aging and cell death in the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2014; 31:41-53. [PMID: 28040110 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The observation of caspase-like activity during cell death has provided a new framework for understanding the evolutionary and ecological contexts of programmed cell death in phytoplankton. However, additional roles for this caspase-like activity, the enzymes responsible, and the targets of this enzyme activity in phytoplankton remain largely undefined. In the present study, the role of caspase-like activity in aging and ROS-mediated cell death were investigated and death programs both dependent on and independent of caspase-like activity were observed in the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. The dual use of in situ caspase 3/7 and TUNEL staining identified previously undescribed death-associated morphotypes in K. brevis. In silico motif analysis identified several enzymes with predicted caspase-like activity in the K. brevis transcriptome, although bona fide caspases are absent. Lastly, computational prediction of downstream caspase substrates, using sequence context and predicted secondary structure, identified proteins involved in a wide range of biological processes including regulation of protein turnover, cell cycle progression, lipid metabolism, coenzyme metabolism, apoptotic and autophagic death. To confirm the computational predictions, a short peptide was designed around the predicated caspase cleavage site in a predicted novel K. brevis caspase 3/7-like target, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (KbAdoMetS). Cleavage of the peptide substrate with recombinant caspase 3 enzyme was determined by MALDI-TOF MS, confirming that KbAdoMetS is indeed a bona fide caspase substrate. These data identify the involvement of caspase-like activity in both aging and cell death in K. brevis and identify novel executioner enzymes and downstream targets that may be important for bloom termination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Johnson
- NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA; Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Michael G Janech
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Frances M Van Dolah
- NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC, USA; Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
235
|
Tsang PWK, Wong APK, Yang HP, Li NF. Purpurin triggers caspase-independent apoptosis in Candida dubliniensis biofilms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e86032. [PMID: 24376900 PMCID: PMC3871571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida dubliniensis is an important human fungal pathogen that causes oral infections in patients with AIDS and diabetes mellitus. However, C. Dubliniensis has been frequently reported in bloodstream infections in clinical settings. Like its phylogenetically related virulent species C. albicans, C. Dubliniensis is able to grow and switch between yeast form and filamentous form (hyphae) and develops biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Biofilms are recalcitrant to antifungal therapies and C. Dubliniensis readily turns drug resistant upon repeated exposure. More than 80% of infections are associated with biofilms. Suppression of fungal biofilms may therefore represent a viable antifungal strategy with clinical relevance. Here, we report that C. dubliniensis biofilms were inhibited by purpurin, a natural anthraquinone pigment isolated from madder root. Purpurin inhibited C. dubliniensis biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner; while mature biofilms were less susceptible to purpurin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed scanty structure consisting of yeast cells in purpurin-treated C. dubliniensis biofilms. We sought to delineate the mechanisms of the anti-biofilm activity of purpurin on C. Dubliniensis. Intracellular ROS levels were significantly elevated in fungal biofilms and depolarization of MMP was evident upon purpurin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA degradation was evident. However, no activated metacaspase could be detected. Together, purpurin triggered metacaspase-independent apoptosis in C. dubliniensis biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wai-Kei Tsang
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Alan Pak-Kin Wong
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Hai-Ping Yang
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ngai-For Li
- Oral BioSciences, Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Eid R, Sheibani S, Gharib N, Lapointe JF, Horowitz A, Vali H, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Human ribosomal protein L9 is a Bax suppressor that promotes cell survival in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:495-507. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Sara Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Nada Gharib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| | - Jason F. Lapointe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Avital Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Craig A. Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Michael T. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Royal Military College; Kingston ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
The human septin7 and the yeast CDC10 septin prevent Bax and copper mediated cell death in yeast. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3186-3194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
238
|
Sousa M, Duarte AM, Fernandes TR, Chaves SR, Pacheco A, Leão C, Côrte-Real M, Sousa MJ. Genome-wide identification of genes involved in the positive and negative regulation of acetic acid-induced programmed cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:838. [PMID: 24286259 PMCID: PMC4046756 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetic acid is mostly known as a toxic by-product of alcoholic fermentation carried out by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which it frequently impairs. The more recent finding that acetic acid triggers apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) in yeast sparked an interest to develop strategies to modulate this process, to improve several biotechnological applications, but also for biomedical research. Indeed, acetate can trigger apoptosis in cancer cells, suggesting its exploitation as an anticancer compound. Therefore, we aimed to identify genes involved in the positive and negative regulation of acetic acid-induced PCD by optimizing a functional analysis of a yeast Euroscarf knock-out mutant collection. RESULTS The screen consisted of exposing the mutant strains to acetic acid in YPD medium, pH 3.0, in 96-well plates, and subsequently evaluating the presence of culturable cells at different time points. Several functional categories emerged as greatly relevant for modulation of acetic acid-induced PCD (e.g.: mitochondrial function, transcription of glucose-repressed genes, protein synthesis and modifications, and vesicular traffic for protection, or amino acid transport and biosynthesis, oxidative stress response, cell growth and differentiation, protein phosphorylation and histone deacetylation for its execution). Known pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes were found, validating the approach developed. Metabolism stood out as a main regulator of this process, since impairment of major carbohydrate metabolic pathways conferred resistance to acetic acid-induced PCD. Among these, lipid catabolism arose as one of the most significant new functions identified. The results also showed that many of the cellular and metabolic features that constitute hallmarks of tumour cells (such as higher glycolytic energetic dependence, lower mitochondrial functionality, increased cell division and metabolite synthesis) confer sensitivity to acetic acid-induced PCD, potentially explaining why tumour cells are more susceptible to acetate than untransformed cells and reinforcing the interest in exploiting this acid in cancer therapy. Furthermore, our results clearly establish a connection between cell proliferation and cell death regulation, evidencing a conserved developmental role of programmed cell death in unicellular eukaryotes. CONCLUSIONS This work advanced the characterization of acetic acid-induced PCD, providing a wealth of new information on putative molecular targets for its control with impact both in biotechnology and biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
239
|
Endonuclease G mediates α-synuclein cytotoxicity during Parkinson's disease. EMBO J 2013; 32:3041-54. [PMID: 24129513 PMCID: PMC3844953 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malfunctioning of the protein α-synuclein is critically involved in the demise of dopaminergic neurons relevant to Parkinson's disease. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms explaining this pathogenic neuronal cell death remain elusive. Endonuclease G (EndoG) is a mitochondrially localized nuclease that triggers DNA degradation and cell death upon translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus. Here, we show that EndoG displays cytotoxic nuclear localization in dopaminergic neurons of human Parkinson-diseased patients, while EndoG depletion largely reduces α-synuclein-induced cell death in human neuroblastoma cells. Xenogenic expression of human α-synuclein in yeast cells triggers mitochondria-nuclear translocation of EndoG and EndoG-mediated DNA degradation through a mechanism that requires a functional kynurenine pathway and the permeability transition pore. In nematodes and flies, EndoG is essential for the α-synuclein-driven degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, the locomotion and survival of α-synuclein-expressing flies is compromised, but reinstalled by parallel depletion of EndoG. In sum, we unravel a phylogenetically conserved pathway that involves EndoG as a critical downstream executor of α-synuclein cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
240
|
Mirisola MG, Braun RJ, Petranovic D. Approaches to study yeast cell aging and death. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:109-18. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralf J. Braun
- Institut für Zellbiologie; Universität Bayreuth; Bayreuth Germany
| | - Dina Petranovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Systems and Synthetic Biology; Chalmers University of Technology; Göteborg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Lin SJ, Austriaco N. Aging and cell death in the other yeasts, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:119-35. [PMID: 24205865 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
How do cells age and die? For the past 20 years, the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used as a model organism to uncover the genes that regulate lifespan and cell death. More recently, investigators have begun to interrogate the other yeasts, the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and the human fungal pathogen, Candida albicans, to determine if similar longevity and cell death pathways exist in these organisms. After summarizing the longevity and cell death phenotypes in S. cerevisiae, this mini-review surveys the progress made in the study of both aging and programed cell death (PCD) in the yeast models, with a focus on the biology of S. pombe and C. albicans. Particular emphasis is placed on the similarities and differences between the two types of aging, replicative aging, and chronological aging, and between the three types of cell death, intrinsic apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and regulated necrosis, found in these yeasts. The development of the additional microbial models for aging and PCD in the other yeasts may help further elucidate the mechanisms of longevity and cell death regulation in eukaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
242
|
Hassanien SE, Ramadan AM, Azeiz AZA, Mohammed RA, Hassan SM, Shokry AM, Atef A, Kamal KBH, Rabah S, Sabir JSM, Abuzinadah OA, El-Domyati FM, Martin GB, Bahieldin A. Thymoquinone causes multiple effects, including cell death, on dividing plant cells. C R Biol 2013; 336:546-56. [PMID: 24296078 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a major constituent of Nigella sativa oil with reported anti-oxidative activity and anti-inflammatory activity in animal cells. It also inhibits proliferation and induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in human skin cancer cells. The present study sought to detect the influence of TQ on dividing cells of three plant systems and on expression of Bcl2-associated athanogene-like (BAG-like) genes that might be involved during the process of cell death. BAG genes are known for the regulation of diverse physiological processes in animals, including apoptosis, tumorigenesis, stress responses, and cell division. Synthetic TQ at 0.1mg/mL greatly reduced wheat seed germination rate, whereas 0.2mg/mL completely inhibited germination. An Evans blue assay revealed moderate cell death in the meristematic zone of Glycine max roots after 1h of TQ treatment (0.2mg/mL), with severe cell death occurring in this zone after 2h of treatment. Light microscopy of TQ-treated (0.2mg/mL) onion hairy root tips for 1h revealed anti-mitotic activity and also cell death-associated changes, including nuclear membrane disruption and nuclear fragmentation. Transmission electron microscopy of TQ-treated cells (0.2mg/mL) for 1h revealed shrinkage of the plasma membrane, leakage of cell lysate, degradation of cell walls, enlargement of vacuoles and condensation of nuclei. Expression of one BAG-like gene, previously associated with cell death, was induced 20 min after TQ treatment in Glycine max root tip cells. Thus, TQ has multiple effects, including cell death, on dividing plant cells and plants may serve as a useful system to further investigate the mechanisms underlying the response of eukaryotic cells to TQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh E Hassanien
- Bioinformatics Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October city, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
243
|
Eisenberg T, Büttner S. Lipids and cell death in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:179-97. [PMID: 24119111 PMCID: PMC4255311 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding lipid-induced malfunction represents a major challenge of today's biomedical research. The connection of lipids to cellular and organ dysfunction, cell death, and disease (often referred to as lipotoxicity) is more complex than the sole lipotoxic effects of excess free fatty acids and requires genetically tractable model systems for mechanistic investigation. We herein summarize recent advances in the field of lipid-induced toxicity that employ the established model system for cell death and aging research of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Studies in yeast have shed light on various aspects of lipotoxicity, including free fatty acid toxicity, sphingolipid-modulated cell death as well as the involvement of cardiolipin and lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis. Regimens used range from exogenously applied lipids, genetic modulation of lipolysis and triacylglyceride synthesis, variations in sphingolipid/ceramide metabolism as well as changes in peroxisome function by either genetic or pharmacological means. In future, the yeast model of programmed cell death will further contribute to the clarification of crucial questions of lipid-associated malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eisenberg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Pastor-Flores D, Schulze JO, Bahí A, Giacometti R, Ferrer-Dalmau J, Passeron S, Engel M, Süß E, Casamayor A, Biondi RM. PIF-pocket as a target for C. albicans Pkh selective inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2283-92. [PMID: 23911092 DOI: 10.1021/cb400452z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1, PDK1, is a master kinase that phosphorylates the activation loop of up to 23 AGC kinases. S. cerevisiae has three PDK1 orthologues, Pkh1-3, which also phosphorylate AGC kinases (e.g., Ypk, Tpk, Pkc1, and Sch9). Pkh1 and 2 are redundant proteins involved in multiple essential cellular functions, including endocytosis and cell wall integrity. Based on similarities with the budding yeast, the Pkh of fungal infectious species was postulated as a novel target for antifungals. Here, we found that depletion of Pkh eventually induces oxidative stress and DNA double-strand breaks, leading to programmed cell death. This finding supports Pkh as an antifungal target since pharmacological inhibition of Pkh would lead to the death of yeast cells, the ultimate goal of antifungals. It was therefore of interest to further investigate the possibility to develop Pkh inhibitors with selectivity for Candida Pkh that would not inhibit the human ortholog. Here, we describe C. albicans Pkh2 biochemically, structurally and by using chemical probes in comparison to human PDK1. We found that a regulatory site on the C. albicans Pkh2 catalytic domain, the PIF-pocket, diverges from human PDK1. Indeed, we identified and characterized PS77, a new small allosteric inhibitor directed to the PIF-pocket, which has increased selectivity for C. albicans Pkh2. Together, our results describe novel features of the biology of Pkh and chemical biology approaches that support the validation of Pkh as a drug target for selective antifungals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pastor-Flores
- Research Group PhosphoSites,
Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg O. Schulze
- Research Group PhosphoSites,
Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna Bahí
- Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina,
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Romina Giacometti
- Cátedra de
Bioquímica,
Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE
Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jofre Ferrer-Dalmau
- Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina,
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Susana Passeron
- Cátedra de
Bioquímica,
Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1417DSE
Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal
Chemistry, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken,
Germany
| | - Evelyn Süß
- Research Group PhosphoSites,
Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonio Casamayor
- Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina,
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - Ricardo M. Biondi
- Research Group PhosphoSites,
Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Yue Q, Zhou X, Leng Q, Zhang L, Cheng B, Zhang X. 7-ketocholesterol-induced caspase-mediated apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:796-803. [PMID: 24028627 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of cholesterol oxidation products has been documented in several mammalian cell lines. It can lead to a wide range of diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this toxicity in vivo are scarce. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential toxic effects of 7-ketocholesterol, an important cholesterol oxidation product, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data show for the first time that 7-ketocholesterol can induce dose-dependent cell death in S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that the death induced by this compound is apoptotic and accompanied by chromatin condensation, the production of ROS, and translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. We further showed that 7-ketocholesterol-induced cell death was partially rescued after pretreatment with caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-fmk). In addition, caspase deletion resulted in promotion of cell viability. All these results strongly indicated that 7-ketocholesterol induces apoptosis in yeast cells through a caspase-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
246
|
Lack of HXK2 induces localization of active Ras in mitochondria and triggers apoptosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:678473. [PMID: 24089630 PMCID: PMC3780702 DOI: 10.1155/2013/678473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that activated Ras proteins are localized to the plasma membrane and in the nucleus in wild-type cells growing exponentially on glucose, while in the hxk2Δ strain they accumulated mainly in mitochondria. An aberrant accumulation of activated Ras in these organelles was previously reported and correlated to mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of ROS, and cell death. Here we show that addition of acetic acid to wild-type cells results in a rapid recruitment of Ras-GTP from the nucleus and the plasma membrane to the mitochondria, providing a further proof that Ras proteins might be involved in programmed cell death. Moreover, we show that Hxk2 protects against apoptosis in S. cerevisiae. In particular, cells lacking HXK2 and showing a constitutive accumulation of activated Ras at the mitochondria are more sensitive to acetic-acid-induced programmed cell death compared to the wild type strain. Indeed, deletion of HXK2 causes an increase of apoptotic cells with several morphological and biochemical changes that are typical of apoptosis, including DNA fragmentation, externalization of phosphatidylserine, and ROS production. Finally, our results suggest that apoptosis induced by lack of Hxk2 may not require the activation of Yca1, the metacaspase homologue identified in yeast.
Collapse
|
247
|
Dick SA, Megeney LA. Cell death proteins: an evolutionary role in cellular adaptation before the advent of apoptosis. Bioessays 2013; 35:974-83. [PMID: 23943356 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a broadly conserved phenomenon in metazoans, whereby activation of canonical signal pathways induces an ordered dismantling and death of a cell. Paradoxically, the constituent proteins and pathways of PCD (most notably the metacaspase/caspase protease mediated signal pathways) have been demonstrated to retain non-death functions across all phyla including yeast, nematodes, drosophila, and mammals. The ancient conservation of both death and non-death functions of PCD proteins raises an interesting evolutionary conundrum: was the primordial intent of these factors to induce cell death or to regulate other cellular adaptations? Here, we propose the hypothesis that apoptotic behavior of PCD proteins evolved or were co-opted from core non-death functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Dick
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
248
|
Palermo V, Mangiapelo E, Piloto C, Pieri L, Muscolini M, Tuosto L, Mazzoni C. p53 death signal is mainly mediated by Nuc1(EndoG) in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:682-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Palermo
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Eleonora Mangiapelo
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Cristina Piloto
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Luisa Pieri
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Michela Muscolini
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Loretta Tuosto
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation; Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”; University “Sapienza” of Rome; Rome; Italy
| |
Collapse
|
249
|
Tsiatsiani L, Timmerman E, De Bock PJ, Vercammen D, Stael S, van de Cotte B, Staes A, Goethals M, Beunens T, Van Damme P, Gevaert K, Van Breusegem F. The Arabidopsis metacaspase9 degradome. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:2831-47. [PMID: 23964026 PMCID: PMC3784583 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.115287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metacaspases are distant relatives of the metazoan caspases, found in plants, fungi, and protists. However, in contrast with caspases, information about the physiological substrates of metacaspases is still scarce. By means of N-terminal combined fractional diagonal chromatography, the physiological substrates of metacaspase9 (MC9; AT5G04200) were identified in young seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana on the proteome-wide level, providing additional insight into MC9 cleavage specificity and revealing a previously unknown preference for acidic residues at the substrate prime site position P1'. The functionalities of the identified MC9 substrates hinted at metacaspase functions other than those related to cell death. These results allowed us to resolve the substrate specificity of MC9 in more detail and indicated that the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (AT4G37870), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is enhanced upon MC9-dependent proteolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Tsiatsiani
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evy Timmerman
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan De Bock
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Vercammen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brigitte van de Cotte
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Goethals
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Beunens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Thorpe GW, Reodica M, Davies MJ, Heeren G, Jarolim S, Pillay B, Breitenbach M, Higgins VJ, Dawes IW. Superoxide radicals have a protective role during H2O2 stress. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2876-84. [PMID: 23864711 PMCID: PMC3771949 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-01-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H2O2-stressed yeast cells increase superoxide radical production, dependent on the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This is protective during H2O2 stress at low levels; however, higher superoxide levels are deleterious. This hormesis may further elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress and aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) consist of potentially toxic, partly reduced oxygen species and free radicals. After H2O2 treatment, yeast cells significantly increase superoxide radical production. Respiratory chain complex III and possibly cytochrome b function are essential for this increase. Disruption of complex III renders cells sensitive to H2O2 but not to the superoxide radical generator menadione. Of interest, the same H2O2-sensitive mutant strains have the lowest superoxide radical levels, and strains with the highest resistance to H2O2 have the highest levels of superoxide radicals. Consistent with this correlation, overexpression of superoxide dismutase increases sensitivity to H2O2, and this phenotype is partially rescued by addition of small concentrations of menadione. Small increases in levels of mitochondrially produced superoxide radicals have a protective effect during H2O2-induced stress, and in response to H2O2, the wild-type strain increases superoxide radical production to activate this defense mechanism. This provides a direct link between complex III as the main source of ROS and its role in defense against ROS. High levels of the superoxide radical are still toxic. These opposing, concentration-dependent roles of the superoxide radical comprise a form of hormesis and show one ROS having a hormetic effect on the toxicity of another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Thorpe
- Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|