201
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Espy RD, Teunissen SF, Manicke NE, Ren Y, Ouyang Z, van Asten A, Cooks RG. Paper Spray and Extraction Spray Mass Spectrometry for the Direct and Simultaneous Quantification of Eight Drugs of Abuse in Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7712-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5016408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Espy
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sebastiaan Frans Teunissen
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Department of Forensic
Chemistry, Toxicology Laboratory, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas E. Manicke
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yue Ren
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arian van Asten
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Department of Forensic
Chemistry, Toxicology Laboratory, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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202
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Evaluation of the operating parameters of the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source for elemental mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:7497-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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203
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Alteration of the lipid profile in lymphomas induced by MYC overexpression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:10450-5. [PMID: 24994904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409778111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) oncogene is one of the most commonly implicated causes of human tumorigenesis. MYC is known to regulate many aspects of cellular biology including glucose and glutamine metabolism. Little is known about the relationship between MYC and the appearance and disappearance of specific lipid species. We use desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI), statistical analysis, and conditional transgenic animal models and cell samples to investigate changes in lipid profiles in MYC-induced lymphoma. We have detected a lipid signature distinct from that observed in normal tissue and in rat sarcoma-induced lymphoma cells. We found 104 distinct molecular ions that have an altered abundance in MYC lymphoma compared with normal control tissue by statistical analysis with a false discovery rate of less than 5%. Of these, 86 molecular ions were specifically identified as complex phospholipids. To evaluate whether the lipid signature could also be observed in human tissue, we examined 15 human lymphoma samples with varying expression levels of MYC oncoprotein. Distinct lipid profiles in lymphomas with high and low MYC expression were observed, including many of the lipid species identified as significant for MYC-induced animal lymphoma tissue. Our results suggest a relationship between the appearance of specific lipid species and the overexpression of MYC in lymphomas.
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204
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Intraoperative mass spectrometry mapping of an onco-metabolite to guide brain tumor surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11121-6. [PMID: 24982150 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404724111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many intraoperative decisions surgeons depend on frozen section pathology, a technique developed over 150 y ago. Technical innovations that permit rapid molecular characterization of tissue samples at the time of surgery are needed. Here, using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS, we rapidly detect the tumor metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from tissue sections of surgically resected gliomas, under ambient conditions and without complex or time-consuming preparation. With DESI MS, we identify isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-mutant tumors with both high sensitivity and specificity within minutes, immediately providing critical diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information. Imaging tissue sections with DESI MS shows that the 2-HG signal overlaps with areas of tumor and that 2-HG levels correlate with tumor content, thereby indicating tumor margins. Mapping the 2-HG signal onto 3D MRI reconstructions of tumors allows the integration of molecular and radiologic information for enhanced clinical decision making. We also validate the methodology and its deployment in the operating room: We have installed a mass spectrometer in our Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite and demonstrate the molecular analysis of surgical tissue during brain surgery. This work indicates that metabolite-imaging MS could transform many aspects of surgical care.
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205
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Lorenz M, Ovchinnikova OS, Van Berkel GJ. Fully automated laser ablation liquid capture surface analysis using nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1312-1320. [PMID: 24760572 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Laser ablation provides for the possibility of sampling a large variety of surfaces with high spatial resolution. This type of sampling when employed in conjunction with liquid capture followed by nanoelectrospray ionization provides the opportunity for sensitive and prolonged interrogation of samples by mass spectrometry as well as the ability to analyze surfaces not amenable to direct liquid extraction. METHODS A fully automated, reflection geometry, laser ablation liquid capture spot sampling system was achieved by incorporating appropriate laser fiber optics and a focusing lens into a commercially available, liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA(®))-ready Advion TriVersa NanoMate system. RESULTS Under optimized conditions about 10% of laser-ablated material could be captured in a droplet positioned vertically over the ablation region using the NanoMate robot-controlled pipette. The sampling spot size area with this laser ablation liquid capture surface analysis (LA/LCSA) mode of operation (typically about 120 µm × 160 µm) was approximately 50 times smaller than that achievable by direct liquid extraction using LESA(®) (ca 1 mm diameter liquid extraction spot). The setup was successfully applied for the analysis of ink on glass and paper as well as the endogenous components in Alstroemeria Yellow King flower petals. In a second mode of operation with a comparable sampling spot size, termed laser ablation/LESA(®), the laser system was used to drill through, penetrate, or otherwise expose material beneath a solvent resistant surface. Once drilled, LESA(®) was effective in sampling soluble material exposed at that location on the surface. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating the capability for different laser ablation liquid capture spot sampling modes of operation into a LESA(®)-ready Advion TriVersa NanoMate enhanced the spot sampling spatial resolution of this device and broadened the surface types amenable to analysis to include absorbent and solvent-resistant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lorenz
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, USA
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206
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Bouslimani A, Sanchez LM, Garg N, Dorrestein PC. Mass spectrometry of natural products: current, emerging and future technologies. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:718-29. [PMID: 24801551 PMCID: PMC4161218 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although mass spectrometry is a century old technology, we are entering into an exciting time for the analysis of molecular information directly from complex biological systems. In this Highlight, we feature emerging mass spectrometric methods and tools used by the natural product community and give a perspective of future directions where the mass spectrometry field is migrating towards over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Bouslimani
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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207
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Iwai T, Kakegawa K, Okumura K, Kanamori-Kataoka M, Miyahara H, Seto Y, Okino A. Fundamental properties of a touchable high-power pulsed microplasma jet and its application as a desorption/ionization source for ambient mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:522-528. [PMID: 24913404 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-based ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) has attracted considerable attention in many fields because of its capacity for direct sample analyses. In this study, a high-power pulsed microplasma jet (HPPMJ) was developed and investigated as a new plasma desorption/ionization source. In an HPPMJ, a microhollow cathode discharge is generated in a small hole (500 µm in diameter) using a pulsed high-power supply. This system can realize a maximum power density of 5 × 10(8) W/cm(3). The measured electron number density, excitation temperature and afterglow gas temperature of the HPPMJ were 3.7 × 10(15) cm(-3), 7000 K at maximum and less than 60 °C, respectively, which demonstrate that the HPPMJ is a high-energy, high-density plasma source that is comparable with an argon inductively coupled plasma while maintaining a low gas temperature. The HPPMJ causes no observable damage to the target because of its low gas temperature and electrode configuration; thus, we can apply it directly to human skin. To demonstrate the analytical capacity of ADI-MS using an HPPMJ, the plasma was applied to direct solid sample analysis of the active ingredients in pharmaceutical tablets. Caffeine, acetaminophen, ethenzamide, isopropylantipyrine and ibuprofen were successfully detected. Application to living tissue was also demonstrated, and isopropylantipyrine on a finger was successfully analyzed without damaging the skin. The limits of detection (LODs) for caffeine, isopropylantipyrine and ethenzamide were calculated, and LODs at the picogram level were achieved. These results indicate the applicability of the HPPMJ for high-sensitivity analysis of materials on a heat-sensitive surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Iwai
- Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
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208
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Espy RD, Wleklinski M, Yan X, Cooks RG. Beyond the flask: Reactions on the fly in ambient mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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209
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Cody RB, Dane AJ. Paper spray ionization for ambient inorganic analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:893-898. [PMID: 24623693 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The feasibility of using paper spray ionization as an ambient ionization method for inorganic analysis was investigated. METHODS Aqueous solutions were spotted onto paper triangles and high voltage was applied to induce electrospray. In-source collision-induced dissociation assisted in breaking up clusters to produce mass spectra dominated by atomic ions and their corresponding oxides and hydroxides and high-resolution exact mass measurements were used to identify atomic ions in the presence of organic interferences. RESULTS A feasibility test with a standard inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) test mixture demonstrated detection of 21 of 23 elements as M(+•) or [M + OH](+). The two undetected elements (boron and lithium) were below the minimum detectable m/z setting for the time-of-flight mass spectrometer used for these experiments. Untreated filter paper showed residual contamination from group I and group II elements. Excellent linearity was observed over the concentration range 0.1-1000 ppm for nickel(II) nitrate solutions containing 10 ppm cobalt(II) nitrate as internal standard. The method was applied to the analysis of lead-free solder, a bismuth subsalicylate tablet, permanent magnet materials and lead chromate pigment in a three-cent US postage stamp issued in 1948. CONCLUSIONS Paper spray ionization was successfully applied to qualitative inorganic analysis. Quantitative analysis was shown to be possible with the use of internal standards. Initial detection limits were much higher than for comparable inductively coupled plasma and glow discharge methods, ranging from the high parts-per-billion range to the low parts-per-million range. The detection limits for some elements were limited at low levels by the presence of interferences that were not separated by the resolving power of the mass spectrometer. Despite these limitations, the simplicity and potential portability of paper spray may find some applications for elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cody
- JEOL USA, Inc., 11 Dearborn Rd., Peabody, MA, 01960, USA
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210
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Montowska M, Rao W, Alexander MR, Tucker GA, Barrett DA. Tryptic digestion coupled with ambient desorption electrospray ionization and liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry enabling identification of skeletal muscle proteins in mixtures and distinguishing between beef, pork, horse, chicken, and turkey meat. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4479-87. [PMID: 24673366 DOI: 10.1021/ac5003432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of ambient desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS) is explored for the first time to analyze skeletal muscle proteins obtained from a mixture of standard proteins and raw meat. Single proteins and mixtures of up to five proteins (myoglobin, troponin C, actin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), tropomyosin) were deposited onto a polymer surface, followed by in situ tryptic digestion and comparative analysis using DESI-MS and LESA-MS using tandem electrospray MS. Peptide peaks specific to individual proteins were readily distinguishable with good signal-to-noise ratio in the five-component mixture. LESA-MS gave a more stable analysis and greater sensitivity compared with DESI-MS. Meat tryptic digests were subjected to peptidomics analysis by DESI-MS and LESA-MS. Bovine, horse, pig, chicken, and turkey muscle digests were clearly discriminated using multivariate data analysis (MVA) of the peptidomic data sets. The most abundant skeletal muscle proteins were identified and correctly classified according to the species following MS/MS analysis. The study shows, for the first time, that ambient ionization techniques such as DESI-MS and LESA-MS have great potential for species-specific analysis and differentiation of skeletal muscle proteins by direct surface desorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Montowska
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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211
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Horn PJ, Chapman KD. Lipidomics in situ: Insights into plant lipid metabolism from high resolution spatial maps of metabolites. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 54:32-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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212
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Brenton AG, Godfrey AR. Electro-focusing liquid extractive surface analysis (EF-LESA) coupled to mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3323-9. [PMID: 24597530 PMCID: PMC3982933 DOI: 10.1021/ac4035136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Analysis of the chemical composition
of surfaces by liquid sampling
devices interfaced to mass spectrometry is attractive as the sample
stream can be continuously monitored at good sensitivity and selectivity.
A sampling probe has been constructed that takes discrete liquid samples
(typically <100 nL) of a surface. It incorporates an electrostatic
lens system, comprising three electrodes, to which static and pulsed
voltages are applied to form a conical “liquid tip”,
employed to dissolve analytes at a surface. A prototype system demonstrates
spatial resolution of 0.093 mm2. Time of contact between
the liquid tip and the surface is controlled to standardize extraction.
Calibration graphs of different analyte concentrations on a stainless
surface have been measured, together with the probe’s reproducibility,
carryover, and recovery. A leucine enkephalin-coated surface demonstrated
good linearity (R2 = 0.9936), with a recovery
of 90% and a limit of detection of 38 fmol per single spot sampled.
The probe is compact and can be fitted into automated sample analysis
equipment having potential for rapid analysis of surfaces at a good
spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gareth Brenton
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University , Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
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213
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Narayanan R, Sarkar D, Cooks RG, Pradeep T. Molecular Ionization from Carbon Nanotube Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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214
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Narayanan R, Sarkar D, Cooks RG, Pradeep T. Molecular Ionization from Carbon Nanotube Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5936-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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215
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Ito T, Masubuchi M. Dereplication of microbial extracts and related analytical technologies. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:353-60. [PMID: 24569671 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products still continue to have an important role as a resource of various biologically active substances. Dereplication is a key process in natural product screening that analyzes the extracts of microbial fermentation broths or plant samples. In this review article, we describe and discuss the analytical techniques of dereplication and related technologies in the following sections: 1. Direct detection from microbial colonies. 2. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS profiling for library construction. 3. Micro-fractionation to identify active peaks. 4. Quantification of small-amount compounds. 5. Structure identification from small amounts. Using these techniques, the desired compound in the mixture library can be rapidly identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ito
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miyako Masubuchi
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
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216
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Molecular assessment of surgical-resection margins of gastric cancer by mass-spectrometric imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2436-41. [PMID: 24550265 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1400274111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection is the main curative option for gastrointestinal cancers. The extent of cancer resection is commonly assessed during surgery by pathologic evaluation of (frozen sections of) the tissue at the resected specimen margin(s) to verify whether cancer is present. We compare this method to an alternative procedure, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric imaging (DESI-MSI), for 62 banked human cancerous and normal gastric-tissue samples. In DESI-MSI, microdroplets strike the tissue sample, the resulting splash enters a mass spectrometer, and a statistical analysis, here, the Lasso method (which stands for least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and which is a multiclass logistic regression with L1 penalty), is applied to classify tissues based on the molecular information obtained directly from DESI-MSI. The methodology developed with 28 frozen training samples of clear histopathologic diagnosis showed an overall accuracy value of 98% for the 12,480 pixels evaluated in cross-validation (CV), and 97% when a completely independent set of samples was tested. By applying an additional spatial smoothing technique, the accuracy for both CV and the independent set of samples was 99% compared with histological diagnoses. To test our method for clinical use, we applied it to a total of 21 tissue-margin samples prospectively obtained from nine gastric-cancer patients. The results obtained suggest that DESI-MSI/Lasso may be valuable for routine intraoperative assessment of the specimen margins during gastric-cancer surgery.
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217
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Cai Y, Adams D, Chen H. A new splitting method for both analytical and preparative LC/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:286-92. [PMID: 24254577 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel splitting method for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) application, which allows fast MS detection of LC-separated analytes and subsequent online analyte collection. In this approach, a PEEK capillary tube with a micro-orifice drilled on the tube side wall is used to connect with LC column. A small portion of LC eluent emerging from the orifice can be directly ionized by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) with negligible time delay (6~10 ms) while the remaining analytes exiting the tube outlet can be collected. The DESI-MS analysis of eluted compounds shows narrow peaks and high sensitivity because of the extremely small dead volume of the orifice used for LC eluent splitting (as low as 4 nL) and the freedom to choose favorable DESI spray solvent. In addition, online derivatization using reactive DESI is possible for supercharging proteins and for enhancing their signals without introducing extra dead volume. Unlike UV detector used in traditional preparative LC experiments, this method is applicable to compounds without chromophores (e.g., saccharides) due to the use of MS detector. Furthermore, this splitting method well suits monolithic column-based ultra-fast LC separation at a high elution flow rate of 4 mL/min. Figure ᅟ
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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218
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Hrbek V, Vaclavik L, Elich O, Hajslova J. Authentication of milk and milk-based foods by direct analysis in real time ionization–high resolution mass spectrometry (DART–HRMS) technique: A critical assessment. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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219
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Wang L, Chen T, Zeng S, Qu H. Quality by design study of the direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry response. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:278-285. [PMID: 24346961 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometry method has been developed using the Quality by Design (QbD) principle. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was adopted to analyze a pharmaceutical preparation. A fishbone diagram for DART-MS and the Plackett-Burman design were utilized to evaluate the impact of a number of factors on the method performance. Multivariate regression and Pareto ranking analysis indicated that the temperature, determined distance, and sampler speed were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface analysis was then employed to study the relationships between these three factors and the quality of the DART-MS analysis. The analytical design space of DART-MS was thus constructed and its robustness was validated. In this presented approach, method performance was mathematically described as a composite desirability function of the critical quality attributes (CQAs). Two terms of method validation, including analytical repeatability and method robustness, were carried out at an operating work point. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to the pharmaceutical quality assurance in different manufacturing batches. These results revealed that the QbD concept was practical in DART-MS method development. Meanwhile, the determined quality was controlled by the analytical design space. This presented strategy provided a tutorial to the development of a robust QbD-compliant mass spectrometry method for industrial quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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220
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Venter AR, Douglass KA, Shelley JT, Hasman G, Honarvar E. Mechanisms of real-time, proximal sample processing during ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:233-249. [PMID: 24308499 DOI: 10.1039/c7ay00948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A review of ambient ionization mass spectrometry highlighting the central role of sample preparation immediate to and during sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
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221
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Chingin K, Liang J, Chen H. Direct analysis of in vitro grown microorganisms and mammalian cells by ambient mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46327c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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222
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Jones CM, Monge ME, Fernández FM. Metabolite profiling by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1198:275-289. [PMID: 25270936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1258-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted metabolite profiling is a discovery tool for the identification of metabolites associated with the responses of perturbations to biological systems, such as a disease. Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART MS) promises to be a powerful analytical technique for high-throughput metabolome analysis of human blood sera. Here, we describe the steps involved in untargeted blood sera metabolic profiling experiments using DART MS with two different sample introduction methods: probe-mode and transmission-mode geometries. Information regarding the optimization of different DART parameters that directly affect metabolite desorption and ionization, which thus influence sensitivity, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Jones
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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223
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Culzoni MJ, Dwivedi P, Green MD, Newton PN, Fernández FM. Ambient mass spectrometry technologies for the detection of falsified drugs. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00235g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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224
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Flanigan P, Levis R. Ambient femtosecond laser vaporization and nanosecond laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2014; 7:229-256. [PMID: 25014343 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071213-020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations of ambient laser-based transfer of molecules into the gas phase for subsequent mass spectral analysis have undergone a renaissance resulting from the separation of vaporization and ionization events. Here, we seek to provide a snapshot of recent femtosecond (fs) duration laser vaporization and nanosecond (ns) duration laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments. The former employs pulse durations of <100 fs to enable matrix-free laser vaporization with little or no fragmentation. When coupled to electrospray ionization, femtosecond laser vaporization provides a universal, rapid mass spectral analysis method requiring no sample workup. Remarkably, laser pulses with intensities exceeding 10(13) W cm(-2) desorb intact macromolecules, such as proteins, and even preserve the condensed phase of folded or unfolded protein structures according to the mass spectral charge state distribution, as demonstrated for cytochrome c and lysozyme. Because of the ability to vaporize and ionize multiple components from complex mixtures for subsequent analysis, near perfect classification of explosive formulations, plant tissue phenotypes, and even the identity of the manufacturer of smokeless powders can be determined by multivariate statistics. We also review the more mature field of nanosecond laser desorption for ambient mass spectrometry, covering the wide range of systems analyzed, the need for resonant absorption, and the spatial imaging of complex systems like tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Flanigan
- Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122; ,
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225
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Production, Upgrading and Analysis of Bio-oils Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomass. POLYSACCHARIDES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_41-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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226
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Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Simó C. Direct Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches in Metabolomics. FUNDAMENTALS OF ADVANCED OMICS TECHNOLOGIES: FROM GENES TO METABOLITES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62651-6.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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227
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Ambient ionisation mass spectrometry for the characterisation of polymers and polymer additives: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 808:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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228
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Lammert SA. Field Portable Mass Spectrometry. DETECTION OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR AGENTS FOR THE PREVENTION OF TERRORISM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9238-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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229
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Shimazu R, Yamoto Y, Kosaka T, Kawasaki H, Arakawa R. Application of Tapping-Mode Scanning Probe Electrospray Ionization to Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Additives in Polymer Films. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:S0050. [PMID: 26819894 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the application of tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization (t-SPESI) to mass spectrometry imaging of industrial materials. The t-SPESI parameters including tapping solvent composition, solvent flow rate, number of tapping at each spot, and step-size were optimized using a quadrupole mass spectrometer to improve mass spectrometry (MS) imaging of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and additives in polymer films. Spatial resolution of approximately 100 μm was achieved by t-SPESI imaging mass spectrometry using a fused-silica capillary (50 μm i.d., 150 μm o.d.) with the flow rate set at 0.2 μL/min. This allowed us to obtain discriminable MS imaging profiles of three dyes separated by TLC and the additive stripe pattern of a PMMA model film depleted by UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shimazu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Yoshinari Yamoto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Tomoya Kosaka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
| | - Ryuichi Arakawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University
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230
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Abstract
This Review provides a general understanding of paper spray-MS, including the methodology and theory associated with a number of different related applications. This method has become a direct sampling/ionization method for mass spectrometric analysis at ambient conditions and, as a result, it has greatly simplified and increased the speed of mass-spectrum analysis. It has now become an increasingly popular and important method for MS. The first part of this review discusses the fundamentals of paper spray. Some modifications are also reviewed, including nib-assisted paper spray, droplet monitoring, high-throughput paper spray, leaf spray, tissue spray and wooden tip spray. The second part focuses on recent applications, including the analysis of DBS, foodstuffs, drugs and oil. These studies show that paper spray-MS has great potential for use as a fast sampling ionization method, and for the direct analysis of biological and chemical samples at ambient conditions.
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231
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Bowfield A, Bunch J, Salter TL, Steven RT, Gilmore IS, Barrett DA, Alexander MR, McKay K, Bradley JW. Characterisation of a micro-plasma for ambient mass spectrometry imaging. Analyst 2014; 139:5430-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A systematic characterisation and optimisation of parameters of a plasma-mediated ion source to achieve the best spatial resolution for MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bowfield
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
- University of Liverpool
- L69 3GJ, UK
- National Physical Laboratory
- , UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Dave A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience and Laboratory of Biophysics
- Surface Analysis School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- , UK
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience and Laboratory of Biophysics
- Surface Analysis School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- , UK
| | - Kirsty McKay
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
- University of Liverpool
- L69 3GJ, UK
| | - James W. Bradley
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
- University of Liverpool
- L69 3GJ, UK
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232
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Chen W, Hou K, Hua L, Xiong X, Li H. Water-assisted low temperature plasma ionization source for sensitive detection of explosives. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00683f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A water-assisted low temperature plasma (WALTP) ionization source based on a quartz T shaped tube was developed for a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer to sensitively detect explosives at low picogram level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lei Hua
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
| | | | - Haiyang Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023, China
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233
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Habib A, Usmanov D, Ninomiya S, Chen LC, Hiraoka K. Alternating current corona discharge/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2760-2766. [PMID: 24214861 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although alternating current (ac) corona discharge has been widely used in the fields of material science and technology, no reports have been published on its application to an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ion source. In this work, ac corona discharge for an APCI ion source has been examined for the first time. METHODS The ambient atmospheric pressure ac corona discharge (15 kHz, 2.6 kVptp ) was generated by using a stainless steel acupuncture needle. The generated ions were measured using an ion trap mass spectrometer. A comparative study on ac and direct current (dc) corona APCI ion sources was carried out using triacetone triperoxide and trinitrotoluene as test samples. RESULTS The ac corona discharge gave ion signals as strong as dc corona discharge for both positive and negative ion modes. In addition, softer ionization was obtained with ac corona discharge than with dc corona discharge. The erosion of the needle tip induced by ac corona was less than that obtained with positive mode dc corona. CONCLUSIONS A good 'yardstick' for assessing ac corona is that it can be used for both positive and negative ion modes without changing the polarity of the high-voltage power supply. Thus, ac corona can be an alternative to conventional dc corona for APCI ion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Habib
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
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234
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Polyakova OV, Mazur DM, Artaev VB, Lebedev AT. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with accelerated sample preparation. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481313008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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235
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Liu P, Zhang J, Ferguson CN, Chen H, Loo JA. Measuring protein-ligand interactions using liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11966-72. [PMID: 24237005 PMCID: PMC3901310 DOI: 10.1021/ac402906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that liquid sample desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is able to measure large proteins and noncovalently bound protein complexes (to 150 kDa) (Ferguson et al., Anal. Chem. 2011, 83, 6468-6473). In this study, we further investigate the application of liquid sample DESI-MS to probe protein-ligand interactions. Liquid sample DESI allows the direct formation of intact protein-ligand complex ions by spraying ligands toward separate protein sample solutions. This type of "reactive" DESI methodology can provide rapid information on binding stiochiometry, selectivity, and kinetics, as demonstrated by the binding of ribonuclease A (RNaseA, 13.7 kDa) with cytidine nucleotide ligands and the binding of lysozyme (14.3 kDa) with acetyl chitose ligands. A higher throughput method for ligand screening by liquid sample DESI was demonstrated, in which different ligands were sequentially injected as a segmented flow for DESI ionization. Furthermore, supercharging to enhance analyte charge can be integrated with liquid sample DESI-MS, without interfering with the formation of protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carly N. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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236
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Venter AR, Douglass KA, Shelley JT, Hasman G, Honarvar E. Mechanisms of real-time, proximal sample processing during ambient ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 86:233-49. [PMID: 24308499 DOI: 10.1021/ac4038569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre R Venter
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
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237
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Ibáñez C, García-Cañas V, Valdés A, Simó C. Novel MS-based approaches and applications in food metabolomics. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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238
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Garimella S, Zhou X, Ouyang Z. Simulation of rarefied gas flows in atmospheric pressure interfaces for mass spectrometry systems. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1890-1899. [PMID: 24043523 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the gas dynamics of the atmospheric pressure interface is very important for the development of mass spectrometry systems with high sensitivity. While the gas flows at high pressure (>1 Torr) and low pressure (<10(-3) Torr) stages are relatively well understood and could be modeled using continuum and molecular flows, respectively, the theoretical modeling or numeric simulation of gas flow through the transition pressure stage (1 to 10(-3) Torr) remains challenging. In this study, we used the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DMSC) method to develop the gas dynamic simulations for the continuous and discontinuous atmospheric pressure interfaces (API), with different focuses on the ion transfer by gas flows through a skimmer or directly from the atmospheric pressure to a vacuum stage, respectively. The impacts by the skimmer location in the continuous API and the temporal evolvement of the gas flow with a discontinuous API were characterized, which provide a solid base for the instrument design and performance improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandilya Garimella
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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239
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A critical evaluation of the current state-of-the-art in quantitative imaging mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:1275-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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240
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Wang H, Ren Y, McLuckey MN, Manicke NE, Park J, Zheng L, Shi R, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Direct quantitative analysis of nicotine alkaloids from biofluid samples using paper spray mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11540-4. [PMID: 24195719 DOI: 10.1021/ac402798m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The determination of tobacco derived nicotine alkaloids in biofluid samples is of great importance to testing for tobacco use, tobacco cessation treatment, and studies on exposure to secondhand smoke. Paper spray mass spectrometry (MS) has been adapted for direct, quantitative analysis of tobacco alkaloids from biofluid samples, such as blood, urine, and saliva in liquid and dried form. Limits of quantitation as low as several nanograms per milliliter were obtained for nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and anabasine. Direct analysis of fresh blood samples has also been achieved with improved sensitivity using print paper substrates of high density. Quantitation of the cotinine in the blood of a rat was performed with both direct analysis using paper spray and a traditional analysis protocol using liquid chromatography MS. Comparable results were obtained and the precision of the two methods was similar. The paper spray MS method is rapid and shows potential for significantly improved analytical efficiency in clinical laboratories as well as for point-of-care tobacco use assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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241
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Ingram AJ, Wolk AB, Flender C, Zhang J, Johnson CJ, Hintermair U, Crabtree RH, Johnson MA, Zare RN. Modes of Activation of Organometallic Iridium Complexes for Catalytic Water and C–H Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2013; 53:423-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402390t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Ingram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Arron B. Wolk
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Cornelia Flender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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242
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Usmanov DT, Ninomiya S, Hiraoka K. Flash desorption/mass spectrometry for the analysis of less- and nonvolatile samples using a linearly driven heated metal filament. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1727-1735. [PMID: 23982934 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the important issue of the desorption of less- and nonvolatile compounds with minimal sample decomposition in ambient mass spectrometry is approached using ambient flash desorption mass spectrometry. The preheated stainless steel filament was driven down and up along the vertical axis in 0.3 s. At the lowest position, it touched the surface of the sample with an invasion depth of 0.1 mm in 50 ms (flash heating) and was removed from the surface (fast cooling). The heating rate corresponds to ~10(4) °C/s at the filament temperature of 500 °C. The desorbed gaseous molecules were ionized by using a dielectric barrier discharge ion source, and the produced ions were detected by a time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Less-volatile samples, such as pharmaceutical tablets, narcotics, explosives, and C60 gave molecular and protonated molecule ions as major ions with thermal decomposition minimally suppressed. For synthetic polymers (PMMA, PLA, and PS), the mass spectra reflected their backbone structures because of the suppression of the sequential thermal decompositions of the primary products. The present technique appears to be suitable for high-throughput qualitative analyses of many types of solid samples in the range from a few ng to 10 μg with minimal sample consumption. Some contribution from tribodesorption in addition to thermal desorption was suggested for the desorption processes. Figure ᅟ
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243
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Kao YY, Cheng CN, Cheng SC, Ho HO, Shiea J. Distinguishing authentic and counterfeit banknotes by surface chemical composition determined using electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1129-1135. [PMID: 24259201 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI/MS) was used to rapidly distinguish authentic banknotes from counterfeits of the US dollar and the New Taiwan dollar. The banknotes' surfaces were irradiated with a pulsed ultraviolet laser, after which the desorbed ink compounds entered an electrospray plume and formed ions via interactions with charged solvent species. Authentic banknotes were found to differ from their counterfeit equivalents in their surface chemical compositions. The detected chemical compounds included various polymers, plasticizers and inks; these results were comparable with those obtained using solvent extraction followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Because of the high spatial resolution of the laser beam, ELDI/MS analysis resulted in minimal damage to the banknotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Kao
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Justice, New Taipei, Taiwan
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244
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Ovchinnikova OS, Lorenz M, Kertesz V, Van Berkel GJ. Laser ablation sampling of materials directly into the formed liquid microjunction of a continuous flow surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization emitter for mass spectral analysis and imaging. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10211-7. [PMID: 24147556 DOI: 10.1021/ac4018499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transmission geometry laser ablation directly into a formed liquid microjunction of a continuous flow liquid microjunction surface sampling probe/electrospray ionization emitter was utilized for molecular and elemental detection and mass spectrometry imaging. The ability to efficiently capture and ionize ablated material was demonstrated by the detection of various small soluble n-mers of polyaniline and silver ion solvent clusters formed from laser ablation of electropolymerized polyaniline and silver thin films, respectively. In addition, analysis of surfaces that contain soluble components was accomplished by coating or laminating the sample with an insoluble film to enable liquid junction formation without directly extracting material from the surface. The ability to perform mass spectrometry imaging at a spatial resolution of about 50 μm was illustrated by using laminated inked patterns on a microscope slide. In general, these data demonstrate at least an order of magnitude signal enhancement compared to the noncontact, laser ablation droplet capture-based surface sampling/ionization approaches that have been previously presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Organic and Biological Mass Spectrometry Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6131, U.S.A
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245
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Marcus RK, Burdette CQ, Manard BT, Zhang LX. Ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using a liquid sampling-atmospheric glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8171-84. [PMID: 23877182 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ADI-MS) is described, based on a recently developed liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) ionization source. The device is essentially unmodified relative to its implementation in elemental mass spectrometry, where the operational space is characterized by low operation power (<10 W) and low solution delivery rates (<50 μL min(-1)). In this implementation, the plasma is produced between a Ni anode and an electrolytic liquid (1 M HNO3) cathode flowing through a glass capillary that is angled towards the sample surface, at a distance of ~2 mm away. Analyte species can be desorbed/ionized from neat solution residues and complex solid samples. The ADI-LS-APGD source is mounted onto the source interface of a Thermo Finnigan LCQ Advantage Max quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer without modifications to the instrument faceplate or ion optics. Described here is the initial evaluation of the roles of source geometry and working parameters, including electrolytic solution composition and plasma current, on the response of caffeine residues, with preliminary limits of detection based on the relative standard deviation of the spectral background suggested to be on the 10-pg level. Demonstrative spectra are presented for green tea extracts and raw leaves, coffee beans, a dried (raw) tobacco leaf, an analgesic tablet, and paper currency. Versatility is further revealed through the determination of components in common cigarette smoke. In each case, the spectra are characterized by (M + H)(+) species of the expected constituents. The capacity for a single source to perform both in solution and particulate elemental analysis (as shown previously) and ADI of molecular species is unique in the realm of mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kenneth Marcus
- Biosystems Research Complex, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA,
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246
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Mazzotta MG, Pace RB, Wallgren BN, Morton SA, Miller KM, Smith DL. Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) of ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1616-1619. [PMID: 23934547 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to analyze ionic liquids (ILs) containing either imidazolium or phosphonium cations combined with different types of inorganic and organic anions. Ionic liquids were directly inserted into the ionization source using a glass probe without dissolution into organic solvents. Mass spectra of the ILs were collected in both positive and negative mode with a linear ion-trap instrument. The intact cation of the compound was typically the dominant peak in positive mass spectra and cluster ion formation was present. Some individual anions were not readily observed in the negative mass spectra (based on the type of anion); however, the mass difference of adjacent cluster ions equal the mass of a complete IL and the anion mass could be verified by subtracting the known cation mass. The degree and intensity of the cluster ion formations was found to be dependent on the nature of the specific ILs as well as the DART temperature gas stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Mazzotta
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, 40475, USA
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Ren Y, Wang H, Liu J, Zhang Z, McLuckey MN, Ouyang Z. Analysis of Biological Samples Using Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry: An Investigation of Impacts by the Substrates, Solvents and Elution Methods. Chromatographia 2013; 76:1339-1346. [PMID: 24072932 PMCID: PMC3780451 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2458-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paper spray has been developed as a fast sampling ionization method for direct analysis of raw biological and chemical samples using mass spectrometry (MS). Quantitation of therapeutic drugs in blood samples at high accuracy has also been achieved using paper spray MS without traditional sample preparation or chromatographic separation. The paper spray ionization is a process integrated with a fast extraction of the analyte from the raw sample by a solvent, the transport of the extracted analytes on the paper, and a spray ionization at the tip of the paper substrate with a high voltage applied. In this study, the influence on the analytical performance by the solvent-substrate systems and the selection of the elution methods was investigated. The protein hemoglobin could be observed from fresh blood samples on silanized paper or from dried blood spots on silica-coated paper. The on-paper separation of the chemicals during the paper spray was characterized through the analysis of a mixture of the methyl violet 2B and methylene blue. The mode of applying the spray solvent was found to have a significant impact on the separation. The results in this study led to a better understanding of the analyte elution, on-paper separation, as well as the ionization processes of the paper spray. This study also help to establish a guideline for optimizing the analytical performance of paper spray for direct analysis of target analytes using mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Attygalle AB, Jariwala FB, Pavlov J, Yang Z, Mahr JA, Oviedo M. Direct detection and identification of active pharmaceutical ingredients in intact tablets by helium plasma ionization (HePI) mass spectrometry. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:166-172. [PMID: 29403879 PMCID: PMC5761121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple modification converts an electrospray ion source to an ambient-pressure helium plasma ionization source without the need of additional expensive hardware. Peaks for active ingredients were observed in the spectra recorded from intact pharmaceutical tablets placed in this source. A flow of heated nitrogen was used to thermally desorb analytes to gas phase. The desorption temperatures were sometimes as low as 50 °C. For example, negative-ion spectra recorded from an aspirin tablet showed peaks at m/z 137 (salicylate anion) and 179 (acetylsalicylate anion) which were absent in the background spectra. The overall ion intensity increased as the desorption gas temperature was elevated. Within the same acquisition experiment, both positive- and negative-ion signals for acetaminophen were recorded from volatiles emanating from Tylenol tablets by switching the polarity of the capillary back and forth. Moreover, different preparations of acetaminophen tablets could be distinguished by their ion-intensity thermograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athula B Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Freneil B Jariwala
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Julius Pavlov
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Jason A Mahr
- Montville Township High School, 100 Horseneck Road, Montville, NJ 07045, USA
| | - Mabel Oviedo
- North Bergen High School, 7417 Kennedy Boulevard, North Bergen, NJ 07047, USA
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249
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Ding X, Zhan X, Yuan X, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Microfabricated Glow Discharge Plasma (MFGDP) for Ambient Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9013-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelu Ding
- Research Center of
Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of
Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuefang Zhan
- Research Center of
Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of
Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Research Center of
Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of
Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- Research Center of
Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of
Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of
Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center and College of
Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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250
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Campbell DI, Dalgleish JK, Cotte-Rodriguez I, Maeno S, Cooks RG. Chemical analysis and chemical imaging of fragrances and volatile compounds by low-temperature plasma ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1828-1836. [PMID: 23857928 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The rapid analysis of volatile compounds, such as fragrances, is important in many commercial industries. The various ambient ionization methods have until now been largely applied to non-volatile or low-volatile compounds with success, and this study develops a semi-quantitative method for volatile compounds in commercial cleaning products. METHODS Low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization was used to perform rapid analysis, determine limits of detection (LODs) and perform chemical imaging on eight fragrances. Several mass analyzers including an ion trap, a quadrupole and an orbitrap were used to rapidly screen volatile compounds from cloth, paper, and glass and determine compositions present in a commercial cleaning product. Peltier cooling was used in some cases to enhance the retention time of compounds on a surface. RESULTS This LTP method allowed the detection of fragrances in low picogram absolute amounts from glass, paper and cloth. Quantitation was demonstrated for compounds in a commercial cleaning product 1 min after the product was applied to a vinyl tile surface. High-throughput analysis and simultaneous detection of multiple compounds in a mixture were demonstrated with analysis times of less than 1 min. Modest spatial resolution (better than 1 cm) was achieved with LTP ionization. CONCLUSIONS A semi-quantitative method has been demonstrated for the routine analysis of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. This method would be useful in quality control and production environments to determine product persistence, location of analytes and to complement olfactory studies for determining concentrations in the ambient environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia I Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
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