201
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Fu HY, Huang DC, Yang TM, She YB, Zhang H. Rapid recognition of Chinese herbal pieces of Areca catechu by different concocted processes using Fourier transform mid-infrared and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least-squares discriminant analysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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202
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Xu L, Yan SM, Cai CB, Wang ZJ, Yu XP. The feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics for untargeted detection of protein adulteration in yogurt: removing unwanted variations in pure yogurt. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:201873. [PMID: 23844318 PMCID: PMC3697415 DOI: 10.1155/2013/201873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted detection of protein adulteration in Chinese yogurt was performed using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics class modelling techniques. sixty yogurt samples were prepared with pure and fresh milk from local market, and 197 adulterated yogurt samples were prepared by blending the pure yogurt objects with different levels of edible gelatin, industrial gelatin, and soy protein powder, which have been frequently used for yogurt adulteration. A recently proposed one-class partial least squares (OCPLS) model was used to model the NIR spectra of pure yogurt objects and analyze those of future objects. To improve the raw spectra, orthogonal projection (OP) of raw spectra onto the spectrum of pure water and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to remove unwanted spectral variations. The best model was obtained with OP preprocessing with sensitivity of 0.900 and specificity of 0.949. Moreover, adulterations of yogurt with 1% (w/w) edible gelatin, 2% (w/w) industrial gelatin, and 2% (w/w) soy protein powder can be safely detected by the proposed method. This study demonstrates the potential of combining NIR spectroscopy and OCPLS as an untargeted detection tool for protein adulteration in yogurt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Si-Min Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chen-Bo Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Chuxiong Normal University, Luchengnan Road, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Zhen-Ji Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Chuxiong Normal University, Luchengnan Road, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Xueyuan Street, Xiasha Higher Education District, Hangzhou 310018, China
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203
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Piña-Barrera A, Meza-Márquez OG, Osorio-Revilla G, Gallardo-Velázquez T. Identification and quantification of corncob as adulterant in corn dough and tortilla by MIR–FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.796572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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204
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Hernández-Martínez M, Gallardo-Velázquez T, Osorio-Revilla G, Almaraz-Abarca N, Ponce-Mendoza A, Vásquez-Murrieta MS. Prediction of total fat, fatty acid composition and nutritional parameters in fish fillets using MID-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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205
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Cozzolino D, Roumeliotis S, Eglinton J. Prediction of starch pasting properties in barley flour using ATR-MIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:509-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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206
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Botosoa EP, Chénè C, Karoui R. Monitoring changes in sponge cakes during aging by front face fluorescence spectroscopy and instrumental techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2687-2695. [PMID: 23414444 DOI: 10.1021/jf3048115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, sponge cakes, produced at the pilot scale, were monitored during aging (i.e., 1, 3, 6, 9, 16, and 20 days) by three different analytical techniques. For the texture analyzer, the hardness and elasticity of crumb cakes were found to significantly increase and decrease, respectively, throughout aging. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) showed only slight change throughout aging, and a high correlation (R(2) = 0.88) was observed between the whiteness and the yellowness. Tryptophan fluorescence spectra (excitation, 290 nm; emission, 305-490 nm) recorded on cakes exhibited three maxima located at 382, 435, and 467 nm that were attributed to maximum emission of tryptophan (382 nm) and fluorescent Maillard reaction products (435 and 467 nm). The principal component analysis (PCA) applied to the tryptophan spectra allowed a clear discrimination of cakes aged for 1, 3, and 6 days from those aged for 9, 16, and 20 days. Finally, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) performed on the textural and tryptophan fluorescence spectral data sets showed that the two groups of variables were highly correlated because the squared canonical coefficients for canonical variates were 0.99, indicating that cake texture determined at the macroscopic level by texture analyzer is a reflection of its structure at the molecular level determined by fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Patrick Botosoa
- Faculté des Sciences Jean-Perrin, Equipe Ingénierie de Formulation des Aliments et Altérations (IFAA), Université d'Artois , Rue Jean Souvraz, 62307 Lens, France
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207
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Chemometrics assisted resolving of net faradaic current contribution from total current in potential step and staircase cyclic voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 766:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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208
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Xu L, Yan SM, Cai CB, Yu XP. Untargeted Detection of Illegal Adulterations in Chinese Glutinous Rice Flour (GRF) by NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics: Specificity of Detection Improved by Reducing Unnecessary Variations. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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209
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Luna AS, da Silva AP, Ferré J, Boqué R. Classification of edible oils and modeling of their physico-chemical properties by chemometric methods using mid-IR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 100:109-114. [PMID: 22824163 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This research work describes two studies for the classification and characterization of edible oils and its quality parameters through Fourier transform mid infrared spectroscopy (FT-mid-IR) together with chemometric methods. The discrimination of canola, sunflower, corn and soybean oils was investigated using SVM-DA, SIMCA and PLS-DA. Using FT-mid-IR, DPLS was able to classify 100% of the samples from the validation set, but SIMCA and SVM-DA were not. The quality parameters: refraction index and relative density of edible oils were obtained from reference methods. Prediction models for FT-mid-IR spectra were calculated for these quality parameters using partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machines (SVM). Several preprocessing alternatives (first derivative, multiplicative scatter correction, mean centering, and standard normal variate) were investigated. The best result for the refraction index was achieved with SVM as well as for the relative density except when the preprocessing combination of mean centering and first derivative was used. For both of quality parameters, the best results obtained for the figures of merit expressed by the root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) and prediction (RMSEP) were equal to 0.0001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderval S Luna
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-013, Brazil.
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210
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Smyth H, Cozzolino D. Instrumental methods (spectroscopy, electronic nose, and tongue) as tools to predict taste and aroma in beverages: advantages and limitations. Chem Rev 2012; 113:1429-40. [PMID: 23256680 DOI: 10.1021/cr300076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Smyth
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, P.O. Box 156, Archerfield BC, Queensland, 4108, Australia
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211
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Xu L, Shi PT, Ye ZH, Yan SM, Cai CB, Zhong W, Yu XP. Rapid geographical origin analysis of pure West Lake lotus root powder (WL-LRP) by near-infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate class modeling techniques. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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212
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Anda FGD, Gallardo-Velazquez T, Osorio-Revilla G, Dorantes-Alvarez L, Calderon-Dominguez G, Nogueda-Torres B, de-la-Rosa-Arana JL. Feasibility study for the detection of Trichinella spiralis in a murine model using mid-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (MID-FTIR) with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA). Vet Parasitol 2012; 190:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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213
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Abstract
This paper presents a revision on the instrumental analytical techniques and methods used in food analysis together with their main applications in food science research. The present paper includes a brief historical perspective on food analysis, together with a deep revision on the current state of the art of modern analytical instruments, methodologies, and applications in food analysis with a special emphasis on the works published on this topic in the last three years (2009–2011). The article also discusses the present and future challenges in food analysis, the application of “omics” in food analysis (including epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and provides an overview on the new discipline of Foodomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC, Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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214
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Xu L, Ye ZH, Yan SM, Shi PT, Cui HF, Fu XS, Yu XP. Combining local wavelength information and ensemble learning to enhance the specificity of class modeling techniques: Identification of food geographical origins and adulteration. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 754:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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215
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Cozzolino D. Benefits and Limitations of Infrared Technologies in Omics Research and Development of Natural Drugs and Pharmaceutical Products. Drug Dev Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cozzolino
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; The University of Adelaide; Waite Campus; PMB 1; Glen Osmond; SA; 5064; Australia
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216
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Cozzolino D, Curtin C. The use of attenuated total reflectance as tool to monitor the time course of fermentation in wild ferments. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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217
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Lavine BK, Nuguru K, Mirjankar N, Workman J. Pattern recognition assisted infrared library searching. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:917-925. [PMID: 22828131 DOI: 10.1366/11-06576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition methods have been used to develop search prefilters for infrared (IR) library searching. A two-step procedure has been employed. First, the wavelet packet tree is used to decompose each spectrum into wavelet coefficients that represent both the high and low frequency components of the signal. Second, a genetic algorithm for pattern recognition analysis is used to identify wavelet coefficients characteristic of functional group. Even in challenging trials involving carboxylic acids, compounds that possess both carbonyl and hydroxyl functionalities can be readily differentiated from carboxylic acids. The proposed search prefilters allow for the use of more sophisticated and correspondingly more time-consuming algorithms in IR spectral library matching because the size of the library can be culled down for a specific match using information from the search prefilter about the presence or absence of specific functional groups in the unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry K Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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218
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Lavine BK, Nuguru K, Mirjankar N, Workman J. Development of carboxylic acid search prefilters for spectral library matching. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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219
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Comparison of near infrared and mid infrared spectroscopy to discriminate between wines produced by different Oenococcus Oeni strains after malolactic fermentation: A feasibility study. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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220
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Botta SB, Ana PA, Santos MO, Zezell DM, Matos AB. Effect of dental tissue conditioners and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on type I collagen microstructure analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1009-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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221
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Deng DH, Xu L, Ye ZH, Cui HF, Cai CB, Yu XP. FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric Class Modeling Techniques for Authentication of Chinese Sesame Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-2004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Hua Deng
- ; College of Life Sciences; China Jiliang University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
- ; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Anyang Normal University; Anyang 455002 People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- ; College of Life Sciences; China Jiliang University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hong Ye
- ; College of Life Sciences; China Jiliang University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Cui
- ; College of Life Sciences; China Jiliang University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Bo Cai
- ; Department of Chemistry and Life Science; Chuxiong Normal University; Chuxiong 675000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- ; College of Life Sciences; China Jiliang University; Hangzhou 310018 People's Republic of China
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222
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Ellis DI, Brewster VL, Dunn WB, Allwood JW, Golovanov AP, Goodacre R. Fingerprinting food: current technologies for the detection of food adulteration and contamination. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5706-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35138b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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223
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The Effect of Homogenisation and Storage on the Near-Infrared Spectra of Half Shell Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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224
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Xu L, Deng DH, Cai CB. Predicting the age and type of tuocha tea by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric data analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10461-10469. [PMID: 21899255 DOI: 10.1021/jf2026499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric multivariate methods was proposed to discriminate the type (unfermented and fermented) and predict the age of tuocha tea. Transmittance FTIR spectra ranging from 400 to 4000 cm(-1) of 80 fermented and 98 unfermented tea samples from Yunnan province of China were measured. Sample preparation involved finely grinding tea samples and formation of thin KBr disks (under 120 kg/cm(2) for 5 min). For data analysis, partial least-squares (PLS) discriminant analysis (PLSDA) was applied to discriminate unfermented and fermented teas. The sensitivity and specificity of PLSDA with first-derivative spectra were 93 and 96%, respectively. Multivariate calibration models were developed to predict the age of fermented and unfermented teas. Different options of data preprocessing and calibration models were investigated. Whereas linear PLS based on standard normal variate (SNV) spectra was adequate for modeling the age of unfermented tea samples (RMSEP = 1.47 months), a nonlinear back-propagation-artificial neutral network was required for calibrating the age of fermented tea (RMSEP = 1.67 months with second-derivative spectra). For type discrimination and calibration of tea age, SNV and derivative preprocessing played an important role in reducing the spectral variations caused by scattering effects and baseline shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University , Anyang 455002, People's Republic of China
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225
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Karoui R, Hammami M, Rouissi H, Blecker C. Mid infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies coupled with factorial discriminant analysis technique to identify sheep milk from different feeding systems. Food Chem 2011; 127:743-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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226
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Varietal Differentiation of Grape Juice Based on the Analysis of Near- and Mid-infrared Spectral Data. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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227
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Cozzolino D, Cynkar W, Shah N, Smith P. Technical solutions for analysis of grape juice, must, and wine: the role of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:1475-84. [PMID: 21465095 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Information about constituents of grape juice, must, and wine can be used for management and decision support systems in order to improve, monitor, and adapt grape and wine production to new challenges. Numerous sensors that gather this information are either currently available or in development. Nevertheless there is still a need to adapt these sensors to special requirements, for example robustness, calibration and maintenance, operating costs, duration, sensitivity, and specificity to a particular application. The sensors commonly used by the wine industry are those that are based on mid-infrared (MIR), near-infrared (NIR), visible (VIS) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. This article reviews some recent technical solutions for analysis of juice, must and wine based on the combination of infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cozzolino
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Waite Road, Urrbrae, P.O. Box 197, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
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228
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Di Egidio V, Oliveri P, Woodcock T, Downey G. Confirmation of brand identity in foods by near infrared transflectance spectroscopy using classification and class-modelling chemometric techniques — The example of a Belgian beer. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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229
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DUFOUR ÉRIC. Recent advances in the analysis of dairy product quality using methods based on the interactions of light with matter. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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