201
|
Responses of bacterial community and functional marker genes of nitrogen cycling to biochar, compost and combined amendments in soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8583-91. [PMID: 27338575 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biochar and compost are seen as two attractive waste management options and are used for soil amendment and pollution remediation. The interaction between biochar and composting may improve the potential benefits of biochar and compost. We investigated soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community, bacterial 16S rRNA, and functional marker genes of nitrogen cycling of the soil remedied with nothing (S), compost (SC), biochar (SB), a mixture of compost and biochar (SBC), composted biochar (SBced), and a composted mixture of biochar and biomass (SBCing). The results were that all amendments (1) increased the bacterial community richness (except SB) and SBCing showed the greatest efficiency; (2) increased the bacterial community diversity (SBCing > SBC > SC > SBced > SB > S); and (3) changed the gene copy numbers of 16S rRNA, nirK, nirS, and nosZ genes of bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). All amendments (except SB) could increase the gene copy number of 16S rRNA, and SBCing had the greatest efficiency. The changes of soil bacterial community richness and diversity and the gene copy numbers of 16S rRNA, nirK, nirS, nosZ, AOA, and AOB would affect carbon and nitrogen cycling of the ecosystem and also implied that BCing had the greatest efficiency on soil amendment.
Collapse
|
202
|
Ogura T, Date Y, Masukujane M, Coetzee T, Akashi K, Kikuchi J. Improvement of physical, chemical, and biological properties of aridisol from Botswana by the incorporation of torrefied biomass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28011. [PMID: 27313139 PMCID: PMC4911548 DOI: 10.1038/srep28011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective use of agricultural residual biomass may be beneficial for both local and global ecosystems. Recently, biochar has received attention as a soil enhancer, and its effects on plant growth and soil microbiota have been investigated. However, there is little information on how the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil amended with biochar are affected. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the incorporation of torrefied plant biomass on physical and structural properties, elemental profiles, initial plant growth, and metabolic and microbial dynamics in aridisol from Botswana. Hemicellulose in the biomass was degraded while cellulose and lignin were not, owing to the relatively low-temperature treatment in the torrefaction preparation. Water retentivity and mineral availability for plants were improved in soils with torrefied biomass. Furthermore, fertilization with 3% and 5% of torrefied biomass enhanced initial plant growth and elemental uptake. Although the metabolic and microbial dynamics of the control soil were dominantly associated with a C1 metabolism, those of the 3% and 5% torrefied biomass soils were dominantly associated with an organic acid metabolism. Torrefied biomass was shown to be an effective soil amendment by enhancing water retentivity, structural stability, and plant growth and controlling soil metabolites and microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Ogura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Date
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masego Masukujane
- Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tidimalo Coetzee
- Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kinya Akashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho, Tottori 680-8533, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, 1 Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0810, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Tian J, Wang J, Dippold M, Gao Y, Blagodatskaya E, Kuzyakov Y. Biochar affects soil organic matter cycling and microbial functions but does not alter microbial community structure in a paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 556:89-97. [PMID: 26974565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of biochar (BC) in conjunction with mineral fertilizers is one of the most promising management practices recommended to improve soil quality. However, the interactive mechanisms of BC and mineral fertilizer addition affecting microbial communities and functions associated with soil organic matter (SOM) cycling are poorly understood. We investigated the SOM in physical and chemical fractions, microbial community structure (using phospholipid fatty acid analysis, PLFA) and functions (by analyzing enzymes involved in C and N cycling and Biolog) in a 6-year field experiment with BC and NPK amendment. BC application increased total soil C and particulate organic C for 47.4-50.4% and 63.7-74.6%, respectively. The effects of BC on the microbial community and C-cycling enzymes were dependent on fertilization. Addition of BC alone did not change the microbial community compared with the control, but altered the microbial community structure in conjunction with NPK fertilization. SOM fractions accounted for 55% of the variance in the PLFA-related microbial community structure. The particulate organic N explained the largest variation in the microbial community structure. Microbial metabolic activity strongly increased after BC addition, particularly the utilization of amino acids and amines due to an increase in the activity of proteolytic (l-leucine aminopeptidase) enzymes. These results indicate that microorganisms start to mine N from the SOM to compensate for high C:N ratios after BC application, which consequently accelerate cycling of stable N. Concluding, BC in combination with NPK fertilizer application strongly affected microbial community composition and functions, which consequently influenced SOM cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101 Beijing, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Michaela Dippold
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Darby I, Xu CY, Wallace HM, Joseph S, Pace B, Bai SH. Short-term dynamics of carbon and nitrogen using compost, compost-biochar mixture and organo-mineral biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11267-11278. [PMID: 26924699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of different organic treatments including compost (generated from cattle hide waste and plant material), compost mixed with biochar (compost + biochar) and a new formulation of organo-mineral biochar (produced by mixing biochar with clay, minerals and chicken manure) on carbon (C) nitrogen (N) cycling. We used compost at the rate of 20 t ha(-1), compost 20 t ha(-1) mixed with 10 t ha(-1) biochar (compost + biochar) and organo-mineral biochar which also contained 10 t ha(-1) biochar. Control samples received neither of the treatments. Compost and compost + biochar increased NH4 (+) -N concentrations for a short time, mainly due to the release of their NH4 (+) -N content. Compost + biochar did not alter N cycling of the compost significantly but did significantly increase CO2 emission compared to control. Compost significantly increased N2O emission compared to control. Compost + biochar did not significantly change N supply and also did not decrease CO2 and N2O emissions compared to compost, suggesting probably higher rates of biochar may be required to be added to the compost to significantly affect compost-induced C and N alteration. The organo-mineral biochar had no effect on N cycling and did not stimulate CO2 and N2O emission compared to the control. However, organo-mineral biochar maintained significantly higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) than compost and compost + biochar from after day 14 to the end of the incubation. Biochar used in organo-mineral biochar had increased organic C adsorption which may become available eventually. However, increased DOC in organo-mineral biochar probably originated from both biochar and chicken manure which was not differentiated in this experiment. Hence, in our experiment, compost, compost + biochar and organo-mineral biochar affected C and N cycling differently mainly due to their different content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Darby
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Cheng-Yuan Xu
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Helen M Wallace
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Stephen Joseph
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 2074, Australia
| | - Ben Pace
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shahla Hosseini Bai
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Noyce GL, Winsborough C, Fulthorpe R, Basiliko N. The microbiomes and metagenomes of forest biochars. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26425. [PMID: 27212657 PMCID: PMC4876420 DOI: 10.1038/srep26425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar particles have been hypothesized to provide unique microhabitats for a portion of the soil microbial community, but few studies have systematically compared biochar communities to bulk soil communities. Here, we used a combination of sequencing techniques to assess the taxonomic and functional characteristics of microbial communities in four-year-old biochar particles and in adjacent soils across three forest environments. Though effects varied between sites, the microbial community living in and around the biochar particles had significantly lower prokaryotic diversity and higher eukaryotic diversity than the surrounding soil. In particular, the biochar bacterial community had proportionally lower abundance of Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and β-Proteobacteria taxa, compared to the soil, while the eukaryotic biochar community had an 11% higher contribution of protists belonging to the Aveolata superphylum. Additionally, we were unable to detect a consistent biochar effect on the genetic functional potential of these microbial communities for the subset of the genetic data for which we were able to assign functions through MG-RAST. Overall, these results show that while biochar particles did select for a unique subset of the biota found in adjacent soils, effects on the microbial genetic functional potential appeared to be specific to contrasting forest soil environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve L Noyce
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn Winsborough
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Roberta Fulthorpe
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Basiliko
- Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology and the Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
206
|
Chen J, Zhou HC, Pan Y, Shyla FS, Tam NFY. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and plant species on nitrification, denitrification and anammox in mangrove soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:60-70. [PMID: 26901803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and planting affect biogeochemical processes, and their impact on microbial nitrogen (N) transformation in soil. A 12-month microcosm experiment was conducted to understand the effects of a mixture of PBDEs at two contamination levels, 2 and 20 mg kg(-1)dry weight representing low and high soil contamination, respectively, using two mangrove plant species, namely Kandelia obovata (Ko) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Bg), on nitrification, denitrification and anammox in mangrove soils. No significant changes in these N transformation processes were found at month 3 and at a low level of PBDEs in both plant species, suggesting that short-term exposure to 2 mg kg(-1) contamination did not affect microbial N transformation. At month 12, a high level of PBDE contamination significantly decreased the nitrification potential activity and the copy numbers of archaeal amoA and bacterial amoA gene in Ko soil, but such inhibitory effect was not significant in Bg soil. On the contrary, the denitrification-related parameters, including the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, potential denitrification activity and copy numbers of nirK, nirS and nosZ gene, were stimulated by a high level of PBDE contamination in both Ko and Bg soils, and the stimulation was higher in the more anaerobic Bg soil. Different from denitrification, a high level of PBDE contamination decreased the copy numbers of anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene in Bg soil but not in Ko soil; this was possibly related to the lower nitrate concentration in Bg soil that might inhibit the growth of anammox bacteria. These results indicated that the effects of PBDEs on microbial N transformation were plant species-specific, with the nitrifying microorganisms in Ko soil more susceptible to PBDE contamination, while denitrification and anammox in Bg soil were more sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Chao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Farzana Shazia Shyla
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nora Fung-Yee Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Dynamics of microbial community composition and soil organic carbon mineralization in soil following addition of pyrogenic and fresh organic matter. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 10:2918-2930. [PMID: 27128990 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) additions to soils can have large impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. As the soil microbial community drives SOC fluxes, understanding how PyOM additions affect soil microbes is essential to understanding how PyOM affects SOC. We studied SOC dynamics and surveyed soil bacterial communities after OM additions in a field experiment. We produced and mixed in either 350 °C corn stover PyOM or an equivalent initial amount of dried corn stover to a Typic Fragiudept soil. Stover increased SOC-derived and total CO2 fluxes (up to 6x), and caused rapid and persistent changes in bacterial community composition over 82 days. In contrast, PyOM only temporarily increased total soil CO2 fluxes (up to 2x) and caused fewer changes in bacterial community composition. Of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that increased in response to PyOM additions, 70% also responded to stover additions. These OTUs likely thrive on easily mineralizable carbon (C) that is found both in stover and, to a lesser extent, in PyOM. In contrast, we also identified unique PyOM responders, which may respond to substrates such as polyaromatic C. In particular, members of Gemmatimonadetes tended to increase in relative abundance in response to PyOM but not to fresh organic matter. We identify taxa to target for future investigations of the mechanistic underpinnings of ecological phenomena associated with PyOM additions to soil.
Collapse
|
208
|
Dai J, Wu H, Zhang C, Zeng G, Liang J, Guo S, Li X, Huang L, Lu L, Yuan Y. Responses of soil microbial biomass and bacterial community structure to closed-off management (an ecological natural restoration measures): A case study of Dongting Lake wetland, middle China. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:345-50. [PMID: 27036597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Soil microbial biomass (SMB) and bacterial community structure, which are critical to global ecosystem and fundamental ecological processes, are sensitive to anthropogenic activities and environmental conditions. In this study, we examined the possible effects of closed-off management (an ecological natural restoration measures, ban on anthropogenic activity, widely employed for many important wetlands) on SMB, soil bacterial community structure and functional marker genes of nitrogen cycling in Dongting Lake wetland. Soil samples were collected from management area (MA) and contrast area (CA: human activities, such as hunting, fishing and draining, are permitted) in November 2013 and April 2014. Soil properties, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and bacterial community structure were investigated. Comparison of the values of MA and CA showed that SMB and bacterial community diversity of the MA had a significant increase after 7 years closed-off management. The mean value of Shannon-Weiner diversity index of MA and CA respectively were 2.85 and 2.07. The gene copy numbers of 16S rRNA and nosZ of MA were significant higher than those of CA. the gene copy numbers of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and nirK of MA were significant lower than those of CA. However, there was no significant change in the gene copy numbers of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nirS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Dai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shenglian Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lu Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lunhui Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment of CAS, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Schmalenberger A, Fox A. Bacterial Mobilization of Nutrients From Biochar-Amended Soils. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 94:109-59. [PMID: 26917243 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil amendments with biochar to improve soil fertility and increase soil carbon stocks have received some high-level attention. Physical and chemical analyses of amended soils and biochars from various feedstocks are reported, alongside some evaluations of plant growth promotion capabilities. Fewer studies investigated the soil microbiota and their potential to increase cycling and mobilization of nutrients in biochar-amended soils. This review is discussing the latest findings in the bacterial contribution to cycling and mobilizing nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in biochar-amended soils and potential contributions to plant growth promotion. Depending on feedstock, pyrolysis, soil type, and plant cover, changes in the bacterial community structure were observed for a majority of the studies using amplicon sequencing or genetic fingerprinting methods. Prokaryotic nitrification largely depends on the availability of ammonium and can vary considerably under soil biochar amendment. However, denitrification to di-nitrogen and in particular, nitrous oxide reductase activity is commonly enhanced, resulting in reduced nitrous oxide emissions. Likewise, bacterial fixation of di-nitrogen appears to be regularly enhanced. A paucity of studies suggests that bacterial mobilization of phosphorus and sulfur is enhanced as well. However, most studies only tested for extracellular sulfatase and phosphatase activity. Further research is needed to reveal details of the bacterial nutrient mobilizing capabilities and this is in particular the case for the mobilization of phosphorus and sulfur.
Collapse
|
210
|
Khan S, Waqas M, Ding F, Shamshad I, Arp HPH, Li G. The influence of various biochars on the bioaccessibility and bioaccumulation of PAHs and potentially toxic elements to turnips (Brassica rapa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:243-253. [PMID: 26188867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of amending a contaminated soil with different dry-pyrolyzed biochars on the bioaccessibility and biouptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and potentially toxic elements (PTE) in turnip (Brassica rapa L.,) was investigated. This is the first study to examine the influence of biochar amendments on turnips grown in a contaminated soil. The biochars came from different local feedstocks, including sewage sludge biochar (SSBC), soybean straw biochar (SBBC), rice straw biochar (RSBC) and peanut shell biochar (PNBC). The biochars were applied to soil at 2% and 5% amendments, and the resulting influence on various soil and porewater properties were quantified. The bioaccessible concentrations of PAHs in soil and their bioaccumulation in B. rapa L. significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the biochar amended soils. Biochar additions significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the bioaccumulation of PTEs (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in B. rapa L, though not as much as for PAHs. The most effective biochar at reducing both PAHs and PTEs was PNBC (P ≤ 0.05). Amendments of 5% biochar were more effective at reducing contaminant bioaccessibility than amendments at 2% (P < 0.05). Crop yield, however, increased the most for the 2% biochar amendments, in particular for SSBC (with a 49% increase in crop yield compared to the non-amended soil). Therefore, which biochar would be the most advantageous in this system would require a cost-benefit analysis between increasing crop yield (best achieved with 2% SSBC amendments) and decreasing the PAH and PTE uptake (best achieved with 5% PNBC amendments).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Khan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Fenghua Ding
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Isha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Hans Peter H Arp
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo NO-0806, Norway
| | - Gang Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315830, China.
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Su JQ, Wei B, Ou-Yang WY, Huang FY, Zhao Y, Xu HJ, Zhu YG. Antibiotic resistome and its association with bacterial communities during sewage sludge composting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7356-63. [PMID: 26018772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Composting is widely used for recycling of urban sewage sludge to improve soil properties, which represents a potential pathway of spreading antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes to soils. However, the dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the underlying mechanisms during sewage sludge composting were not fully explored. Here, we used high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene based illumina sequencing to investigate the dynamics of ARGs and bacterial communities during a lab-scale in-vessel composting of sewage sludge. A total of 156 unique ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected encoding resistance to almost all major classes of antibiotics. ARGs were detected with significantly increased abundance and diversity, and distinct patterns, and were enriched during composting. Marked shifts in bacterial community structures and compositions were observed during composting, with Actinobacteria being the dominant phylum at the late phase of composting. The large proportion of Actinobacteria may partially explain the increase of ARGs during composting. ARGs patterns were significantly correlated with bacterial community structures, suggesting that the dynamic of ARGs was strongly affected by bacterial phylogenetic compositions during composting. These results imply that direct application of sewage sludge compost on field may lead to the spread of abundant ARGs in soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Su
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bei Wei
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Ying Ou-Yang
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fu-Yi Huang
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hui-Juan Xu
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- †Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|