201
|
Ohno K, Morinaga T, Koh K, Tsujii Y, Fukuda T. Synthesis of Monodisperse Silica Particles Coated with Well-Defined, High-Density Polymer Brushes by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048011q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Morinaga
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kyoungmoo Koh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Tsujii
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
202
|
Xu FJ, Kang ET, Neoh KG. UV-Induced Coupling of 4-Vinylbenzyl Chloride on Hydrogen-Terminated Si(100) Surfaces for the Preparation of Well-Defined Polymer−Si Hybrids via Surface-Initiated ATRP. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma049225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - E. T. Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | - K. G. Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| |
Collapse
|
203
|
Cai QJ, Fu GD, Zhu FR, Kang E, Neoh K. GaAs–Polymer Hybrids Formed by Surface‐Initiated Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jia Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779‐1936
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Guo Dong Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779‐1936
| | - Fu Rong Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - En‐Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779‐1936
| | - Koon‐Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779‐1936
| |
Collapse
|
204
|
Duan H, Kuang M, Wang D, Kurth DG, Möhwald H. Colloidally Stable Amphibious Nanocrystals Derived from Poly{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] Methacrylate} Capping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
205
|
Duan H, Kuang M, Wang D, Kurth DG, Möhwald H. Colloidally Stable Amphibious Nanocrystals Derived from Poly{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl] Methacrylate} Capping. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1717-20. [PMID: 15685680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Duan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
206
|
Cai QJ, Fu GD, Zhu FR, Kang ET, Neoh KG. GaAs–Polymer Hybrids Formed by Surface‐Initiated Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1104-1107. [PMID: 15643652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jia Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779-1936
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Guo Dong Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779-1936
| | - Fu Rong Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779-1936
| | - Koon-Gee Neoh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Singapore, Fax: (+65) 6779-1936
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Liu T, Casado-Portilla R, Belmont J, Matyjaszewski K. ATRP of butyl acrylates from functionalized carbon black surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
208
|
Kurosawa S, Aizawa H, Talib ZA, Atthoff B, Hilborn J. Synthesis of tethered-polymer brush by atom transfer radical polymerization from a plasma-polymerized-film-coated quartz crystal microbalance and its application for immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:1165-76. [PMID: 15556363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2003] [Revised: 04/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study synthesizes a tethered surface-grafted poly(acrylic acid) with quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) surfaces and provides detailed analysis of their properties and application. A tethered polyelectrolyte brush of poly(acrylic acid) is generated by first covering the substrate with a plasma-polymerized allyl alcohol (pp-AA) film, changing the polymerization initiators (bromination), and then grafting through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA); these initiators are immobilized on a surface and exposed to a monomer. Finally, we convert the poly(t-BA) brush into poly(acrylic acid) through hydrolysis. We use the QCM technique to measure configuration change of the tethered poly(acrylic acid) grafted chains with two different degrees of polymerization (DP=50,200) in aqueous solutions at three different pH values (4.0, 4.8, and 5.4). The tethered poly(acrylic acid) grafted QCM shows that repeatable frequency responses are induced by pH change of solution. These frequency responses of large DP for pH are 20 times larger than responses of lower DP for pH. The frequency response of antibody immobilization on tethered poly(acrylic acid) grafted QCM (DP=200) and its frequency response of immunoreaction are 10 times larger than conventional immobilization methods by cysteamine with glutalaldehyde coupling of the antibody. The tethered poly(acrylic acid) grafted QCM can increase the frequency response for pH, the immobilization amount of antibody, and immunosensor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kurosawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
209
|
Formation of Thermoresponsive Surfaces by Surface-Initiated, Aqueous Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide: Application to Cell Culture. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2004. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2004.25.11.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
210
|
Liang Z, Wang Q. Multilayer assembly and patterning of poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s via covalent coupling reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:9600-9606. [PMID: 15491192 DOI: 10.1021/la048828c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s with amines and pentafluorophenyl esters on side chains were synthesized and assembled on solid substrates by sequential layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition. This approach enables the creation of robust multilayer thin films via in-situ covalent coupling reactions between successive layers. The buildup of the multilayers was followed by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and ellipsometry. The observed complex assembly behavior suggests that both covalent and hydrogen-bonding interactions are involved in the formation of multilayer films. The organized structure and surface morphology of resultant multilayers were investigated by reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. This covalent LBL method was further applied to generate conjugated polymer micropatterns using microstamped self-assembled monolayers as templates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
211
|
Duan H, Wang D, Kurth DG, Möhwald H. Directing Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles at Water/Oil Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200460920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
212
|
Duan H, Wang D, Kurth DG, Möhwald H. Directing Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles at Water/Oil Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 43:5639-42. [PMID: 15495204 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200460920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Duan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
213
|
Xu FJ, Zhong SP, Yung LYL, Kang ET, Neoh KG. Surface-Active and Stimuli-Responsive Polymer−Si(100) Hybrids from Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Control of Cell Adhesion. Biomacromolecules 2004; 5:2392-403. [PMID: 15530056 DOI: 10.1021/bm049675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A simple two-step method was developed for the covalent immobilization of atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators on the hydrogen-terminated Si(100) (Si-H) surface. Well-defined functional polymer-Si hybrids, consisting of covalently tethered brushes of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) polymer, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) polymer, and NIPAAm-PEGMA copolymers and block copolymers on Si-H surfaces, were prepared via surface-initiated ATRP. Kinetics study revealed that the chain growth from the silicon surface was consistent with a "controlled" process. Surface cultures of the cell line 3T3-Swiss albino on the hybrids were evaluated. The PEGMA graft-polymerized silicon [Si-g-P(PEGMA)] surface is very effective in preventing cell attachment and growth. At 37 degrees C [above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, approximately 32 degrees C) of NIPAAm], the seeded cells adhered, spread, and proliferated on the NIPAAm graft polymerized silicon [Si-g-P(NIPAAm)] surface. Below the LCST, the cells detached from the Si-g-P(NIPAAm) surface spontaneously. Incorporation of PEGMA units into the NIPAAm chains of the Si-g-P(NIPAAm) surface via copolymerization resulted in more rapid cell detachment during the temperature transition. The "active" chain ends on the Si-g-P(PEGMA) and Si-g-P(NIPAAm) hybrids were also used as the macroinitiators for the synthesis of diblock copolymer brushes. Thus, not only are the hybrids potentially useful as stimuli-responsive adhesion modifiers for cells in silicon-based biomedical microdevices but also the active chain ends on the hybrid surfaces offer opportunities for further surface functionalization and molecular design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
214
|
Tu H, Heitzman CE, Braun PV. Patterned poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes on silica surfaces by microcontact printing followed by surface-initiated polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:8313-8320. [PMID: 15350108 DOI: 10.1021/la049663a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patterned poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brushes were fabricated on oxidized silicon wafers by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide from a micropatterned initiator. The patterned surface initiator was prepared by microcontact-printing octadecyltrichlorosilane and backfilling with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane followed by amidization with 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid. XPS and FTIR confirmed the chemical structure of the surface initiator and the PNIPAAm brushes. Surface analysis techniques, including ellipsometry, contact angle goniometry, and X-ray reflectometry (XRR), were used to characterize the thickness, roughness, hydrophilicity, and density of the polymer brushes. Tapping-mode AFM imaging confirmed the successful patterning of the PNIPAAm brushes on the oxidized silicon substrates. Variable temperature ellipsometry indicated that the lower critical solution temperature of the hydrated PNIPAAm brush was broad, occurring over the range of 20-35 degrees C. A solvatochromic fluorophore, 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (Prodan), in the PNIPAAm brush layers yielded a very similar emission to that in DMF, which can be attributed to the similarity of their chemical structures. Fluorescence microscopy further proved the successful patterning of the polymer brushes and suggested that the Prodan is localized in the patterned PNIPAAm brushes and excluded from the surrounding octadecyltrichlorosilane regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
215
|
Xu FJ, Yuan ZL, Kang ET, Neoh KG. Branched fluoropolymer-Si hybrids via surface-initiated ATRP of pentafluorostyrene on hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:8200-8208. [PMID: 15350092 DOI: 10.1021/la048706k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Linear, branched, and arborescent fluoropolymer-Si hybrids were prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from the 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) inimer and ClSO(3)H-modified VBC that were immobilized on hydrogen-terminated Si(100), or Si-H, surfaces. The simple approach of UV-induced coupling of VBC with the Si-H surface provided a stable, Si-C bonded monolayer of "monofunctional" ATRP initiators (the Si-VBC surface). The aromatic rings of the Si-VBC surface were then sulfonated by ClSO(3)H to introduce sulfonyl chloride (-SO(2)Cl) groups and to give rise to a monolayer of "bifunctional" ATRP initiators. Kinetics study indicated that the chain growth of poly(pentafluorostyrene) from the functionalized silicon surfaces was consistent with a "controlled" or "living" process. The chemical composition and functionality of the silicon surface were tailored by the well-defined linear and branched fluoropolymer brushes. Atomic force microscopy images revealed that the surface-initiated ATRP of pentafluorostyrene (PFS) had proceeded uniformly on the Si-VBC surface to give rise to a dense and molecularly flat surface coverage of the linear brushes. The uniformity of surfaces with branched brushes was controlled by varying the feed ratio of the monomer and inimer (VBC in the present case). The living chain ends on the functionalized silicon surfaces were used as the macroinitiators for the synthesis of diblock copolymer brushes, consisting of the PFS and methyl methacrylate polymer blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
216
|
Perruchot C, Khan M, Kamitsi A, Armes S, Watts J, von Werne T, Patten T. XPS characterisation of core–shell silica–polymer composite particles synthesised by atom transfer radical polymerisation in aqueous media. Eur Polym J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
217
|
Miller MD, Baker GL, Bruening ML. Polymer-brush stationary phases for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1044:323-30. [PMID: 15354455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes from the inside of silica capillaries by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) yields unique stationary phases for open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC). Although PHEMA brushes have only a small effect on the separation of a set of phenols and anilines, derivatization of PHEMA with ethylenediamine (en) allows baseline resolution of several anilines that co-elute from bare silica capillaries. Derivatization of PHEMA with octanoyl chloride (C8-PHEMA films) affords even better resolution in the separation of a series of phenols and anilines. Increasing the thickness of C8-PHEMA coatings by a factor of 2 enhances resolution for several solute pairs, presumably because of an increase in the effective stationary phase to mobile phase volume ratio. Thus, this work demonstrates that thick polymer brushes provide a tunable stationary phase with a much larger phase ratio than is available from monolayer wall coatings. Through appropriate choice of derivatizing reagents, these polymer brushes should allow separation of a wide range of neutral molecules as well as compounds with similar electrophoretic mobilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1322, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
218
|
Zhou F, Liu Z, Li W, Hao J, Chen M, Liu W, Sun DC. Selective Electrodeposition and Etching on Polymer Brush Template Prepared by Patterned Monolayer Surface Initiated Polymerization. CHEM LETT 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2004.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
219
|
Joubert M, Delaite C, Bourgeat-Lami E, Dumas P. Ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L
-lactide from silica nanoparticles surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
220
|
Chen XY, Armes SP, Greaves SJ, Watts JF. Synthesis of hydrophilic polymer-grafted ultrafine inorganic oxide particles in protic media at ambient temperature via atom transfer radical polymerization: use of an electrostatically adsorbed polyelectrolytic macroinitiator. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:587-595. [PMID: 15773080 DOI: 10.1021/la0353024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the surface grafting of polymer chains to colloidal substrates is described. A cationic macroinitiator has been designed for the surface polymerization of a wide range ofhydrophilic methacrylates from ultrafine inorganic oxide sols by atom transfer radical polymerization in protic media at ambient temperature. One advantage of this approach is that it allows one-pot syntheses: the macroinitiator is adsorbed onto the sol, followed by an in situ polymerization. Nonionic, cationic, and betaine monomers can be polymerized directly by this protocol, with reasonably high conversions being obtained, as judged by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Anionic monomers such as sodium 4-styrenesulfonate cannot be polymerized directly due to incompatibility problems with the cationic macroinitiator-coated sol. However, hydroxylated monomers such as glycerol monomethacrylate can be surface-polymerized and then converted to anionic polyelectrolytes by reaction with succinic anhydride under mild conditions. This derivatization was confirmed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopic analysis. Thermogravimetry was used to assess the degree of polymer grafting. Higher target degrees of polymerization led to increased grafted polymer loadings, as expected. Particle morphologies and relative degrees of dispersion in aqueous solution were assessed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Surface characterization of the polymer-grafted sols was achieved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and aqueous electrophoresis measurements. Most of the data reported in this study concern surface polymerizations from ultrafine silica sols, but some preliminary data for ultrafine tin(IV) oxide sols are also presented. Since most surfaces are negatively charged, this cationic macroinitiator approach can, in principle, be extended to include a wide range of sols, latexes, and planar substrates without requiring a separate surface functionalization step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
221
|
Feng W, Brash J, Zhu S. Atom-transfer radical grafting polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine from silicon wafer surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
222
|
Desai SM, Solanky SS, Mandale A, Rathore K, Singh RP. Controlled grafting of N-isoproply acrylamide brushes onto self-standing isotactic polypropylene thin films: surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
223
|
Preparation of composite membranes by atom transfer radical polymerization initiated from a porous support. J Memb Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2003.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
224
|
Confined photo-catalytic oxidation: a fast surface hydrophilic modification method for polymeric materials. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
225
|
Della Martina A, Garamszegi L, Hilborn JG. Surface functionalization of cross-linked poly(dicyclopentadiene). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
226
|
|
227
|
Tomlinson MR, Genzer J. Formation of Grafted Macromolecular Assemblies with a Gradual Variation of Molecular Weight on Solid Substrates. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma025937u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Tomlinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Balamurugan S, Mendez S, Balamurugan SS, O'Brien MJ, López GP. Thermal Response of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Brushes Probed by Surface Plasmon Resonance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2003; 19:2545-2549. [PMID: 27709953 DOI: 10.1021/la026787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermally induced hydration transition of surface-grafted poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brushes was probed by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) and contact angle measurements. Data are presented for a PNIPAAm brush film with a dry thickness of ∼50 nm that was synthesized by atom radical transfer polymerization on the surface of a self-assembled monolayer on gold. SPR measurements were taken as a function of temperature in two modes: the quasi-static mode, in which the sample was equilibrated at each temperature for ∼15 min prior to measurement, and the real-time mode, in which SPR reflectivity data were collected as the sample was heated and cooled at ∼4.5 °C/min. Both types of measurement indicate that the hydration transition for the PNIPAAm brush occurs over a broad range of temperatures (∼10-40 °C). This result is in accordance with theoretical predictions that have suggested that polymer brush structures on planar surfaces do not exhibit true critical solubility transitions. Contact angle measurements revealed a discontinuity in the surface wettability at a temperature (∼32 °C) that corresponds to the dilute aqueous critical solution temperature. Taken together, these results suggest that the polymer segments in the outermost region of the brush remain highly solvated until the dilute solution lower critical solution temperature (∼32°), while densely packed, less solvated segments within the brush layer undergo dehydration and collapse over a broad range of temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Balamurugan
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Sergio Mendez
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Sreelatha S Balamurugan
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Michael J O'Brien
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Gabriel P López
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering and Department of Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Wu T, Efimenko K, Vlček P, Šubr V, Genzer J. Formation and Properties of Anchored Polymers with a Gradual Variation of Grafting Densities on Flat Substrates. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0257189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, Department of Controlled Polymerizations, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic, and Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kirill Efimenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, Department of Controlled Polymerizations, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic, and Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vlček
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, Department of Controlled Polymerizations, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic, and Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, Department of Controlled Polymerizations, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic, and Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, Department of Controlled Polymerizations, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic, and Department of Biomedicinal Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
230
|
Kim JB, Huang W, Miller MD, Baker GL, Bruening ML. Kinetics of surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
231
|
Tsarevsky NV, Matyjaszewski K. Reversible Redox Cleavage/Coupling of Polystyrene with Disulfide or Thiol Groups Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma021061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
232
|
Paul R, Schmidt R, Feng J, Dyer DJ. Photoinitiated polymerization of styrene from self-assembled monolayers on gold. II. Grafting rates and extraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
233
|
Tsujii Y, Ejaz M, Yamamoto S, Fukuda T, Shigeto K, Mibu K, Shinjo T. Fabrication of patterned high-density polymer graft surfaces. II. Amplification of EB-patterned initiator monolayer by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. POLYMER 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(02)00124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
234
|
Luo N, Hutchison JB, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Synthesis of a novel methacrylic monomer iniferter and its application in surface photografting on crosslinked polymer substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
235
|
Jayachandran KN, Takacs-Cox A, Brooks DE. Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Brushes of Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) from Polystyrene Latex by Aqueous Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011651y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. N. Jayachandran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Aniko Takacs-Cox
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Donald E. Brooks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 2B5
| |
Collapse
|
236
|
Huang W, Kim JB, Bruening ML, Baker GL. Functionalization of Surfaces by Water-Accelerated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Subsequent Derivatization. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Jong-Bum Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Merlin L. Bruening
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Gregory L. Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
|
238
|
Mori H, Böker A, Krausch G, Müller AHE. Surface-Grafted Hyperbranched Polymers via Self-Condensing Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Silicon Surfaces. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0019048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
239
|
Affiliation(s)
- K Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
240
|
Choi IS, Langer R. Surface-Initiated Polymerization of l-Lactide: Coating of Solid Substrates with a Biodegradable Polymer. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010148i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Insung S. Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
241
|
Huang W, Baker GL, Bruening ML. Controlled Synthesis of Cross-Linked Ultrathin Polymer Films by Using Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:1510-1512. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20010417)40:8<1510::aid-anie1510>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2000] [Revised: 01/22/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
242
|
Huang W, Baker GL, Bruening ML. Controlled Synthesis of Cross-Linked Ultrathin Polymer Films by Using Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20010417)113:8<1558::aid-ange1558>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
243
|
Kong X, Kawai T, Abe J, Iyoda T. Amphiphilic Polymer Brushes Grown from the Silicon Surface by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001152h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxing Kong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
| | - Tadashi Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
| | - Jiro Abe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Iyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
244
|
Angot S, Ayres N, Bon SAF, Haddleton DM. Living Radical Polymerization Immobilized on Wang Resins: Synthesis and Harvest of Narrow Polydispersity Poly(methacrylate)s. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0011690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Angot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Neil Ayres
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Stefan A. F. Bon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
245
|
Wu T, Efimenko K, Genzer J. Preparing High-Density Polymer Brushes by Mechanically Assisted Polymer Assembly. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001750w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| | - Kirill Efimenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
|