201
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Zhao Z, Rahman MA, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20380-20393. [PMID: 28099910 PMCID: PMC5386770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a well-known regulator of transcription during embryonic organogenesis in many species. In humans, Twist1 malfunction was first linked to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and later identified to play an essential role in tumor initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and chemo-resistance in a variety of carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignances. In this review, we will first focus on systematically elaborating the diverse pathological functions of Twist1 in various cancers, then delineating the intricate underlying network of molecular mechanisms, based on which we will summarize current therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment that target and modulate Twist1-involved signaling pathways. Most importantly, we will put special emphasis on revealing the independence and interdependency of these multiple biological functions of Twist1, piecing together the whole delicate picture of Twist1's diversified pathological roles in different cancers and providing new perspectives to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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202
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Chen X, Peng H, Xiao J, Guan A, Xie B, He B, Chen Q. Benzo(a)pyrene enhances the EMT-associated migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by upregulating Twist1. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2141-2147. [PMID: 28791412 PMCID: PMC5652958 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), an important toxic component of cigarette smoke, can cause lung cancer and lead to the progression of lung cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effect of BaP on the migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BaP (1 µM) promoted the migration of A549 cells in a time-dependent manner and upregulated the expression of the Twist family BHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist1). BaP also induced upregulation of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin and downregulation of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. When the expression of Twist1 was knocked down in A549 cells that were treated with BaP for 4 weeks (A549BaP-4w), the expression of Twist1 decreased, which inhibited the migration capacity of A549BaP-4w cells, the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was downregulated and the expression of E-cadherin was upregulated. In addition, morphological observations of A549BaP-4w cells revealed that the epithelial characteristics of A549 cells became mesenchymal characteristics. When the expression of Twist1 was knocked down, the A549BaP-4w cells were transformed back to cells with epithelial characteristics. In conclusion, the results from the present study indicate that BaP enhances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated migration of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by upregulating Twist1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Bixiu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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203
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Song Y, Li ZX, Liu X, Wang R, Li LW, Zhang Q. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways promote EMT in gastric cancer by epigenetic regulation via H3 lysine 27 acetylation. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317712617. [PMID: 28671020 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317712617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt- and Wnt/β-catenin-mediated promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by epigenetic regulation of histone acetylation in gastric cancer. First, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and β-catenin in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. In addition, we confirmed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were correlated with tumorigenesis, progression, and maintenance of gastric cancer using the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 and an inhibitor of the β-catenin/TCF4 complex, FH535. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression was measured by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Furthermore, we detected the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 4 and lysine 27 using the FH535 and LY294002 inhibitors at different concentrations for 24 and 48 h. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the specific binding of H3K27ac to the promoter of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related factor, Twist. Taken together, abnormal activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was correlated with the gastric cancer progression and contributed to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition regulation by controlling histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Song
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Li
- 2 Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University BinHai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Liu
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM, NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Wei Li
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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204
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Xiong S, Yu Y, Zhou X, Xia X, Jiang H. Rhodopsin T17M Mutant Inhibits Complement C3 Secretion in Retinal Pigment Epithelium via ROS Induced Downregulation of TWIST1. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4914-4920. [PMID: 28569420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin mutations cause autosomal dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). T17M rhodopsin predisposes cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis. However, the pathogenic role of T17M rhodopsin in RP is not completely understood. Complement C3 has a protective role in RP pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether T17M rhodopsin regulates C3 secretion in retinal pigment epithelium. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) was engineered to overexpress wide-type (WT) and T17M rhodopsin. Gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. C3 secretion was detected by ELISA. The overexpression of T17M rhodopsin significantly induced ROS and reduced C3 secretion and transcription in ARPE-19 cells, but ROS scavengers could partially rescue reduced C3 secretion and transcription. Mechanistically, we found that ROS suppressed transcription factor TWIST1 which is responsible for activated transcription of C3. In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that T17M rhodopsin mutant disrupts C3 secretion via the induction of ROS and the suppression of TWIST1. These findings reveal novel insight into the pathogenic role of mutant rhodopsin in RP. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4914-4920, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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205
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Chen P, Lei L, Wang J, Zou X, Zhang D, Deng L, Wu D. Downregulation of Talin1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1157-1168. [PMID: 28375585 PMCID: PMC5480078 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Talin1 is an adaptor protein that conjugates integrins to the cytoskeleton and regulates integrins and focal adhesion signaling. Several studies have found that Talin1 is overexpressed in several tumor types and promotes tumor progression. However, the explicit role of Talin1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is still unclear and its functional mechanism remains largely unknown. In this study, we showed a trend of gradually decreasing expression of Talin1 from normal liver tissues to hepatocirrhosis, liver hyperplasia, the corresponding adjacent non‐tumor, primary HCC, and eventually metastatic foci, indicating that Talin1 may correlate with HCC initiation to progression. Talin1 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent non‐tumor tissues and low Talin1 expression was associated with HCC progression and poor prognosis. Furthermore, Talin1 knockdown induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and promoted migration and invasion in SK‐Hep‐1 cells and HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, we found that the ERK pathway was responsible for these promoting effects of Talin1 knockdown in HCC cells. The promoting effects of Talin1 knockdown on epithelial–mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion were reversed by U0126, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor. Taken together, our results suggested that Talin1 might serve as a tumor suppressor in HCC and a potential prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Zou
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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206
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Neelakantan D, Zhou H, Oliphant MUJ, Zhang X, Simon LM, Henke DM, Shaw CA, Wu MF, Hilsenbeck SG, White LD, Lewis MT, Ford HL. EMT cells increase breast cancer metastasis via paracrine GLI activation in neighbouring tumour cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15773. [PMID: 28604738 PMCID: PMC5472791 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent fate-mapping studies concluded that EMT is not required for metastasis of carcinomas. Here we challenge this conclusion by showing that these studies failed to account for possible crosstalk between EMT and non-EMT cells that promotes dissemination of non-EMT cells. In breast cancer models, EMT cells induce increased metastasis of weakly metastatic, non-EMT tumour cells in a paracrine manner, in part by non-cell autonomous activation of the GLI transcription factor. Treatment with GANT61, a GLI1/2 inhibitor, but not with IPI 926, a Smoothened inhibitor, blocks this effect and inhibits growth in PDX models. In human breast tumours, the EMT-transcription factors strongly correlate with activated Hedgehog/GLI signalling but not with the Hh ligands. Our findings indicate that EMT contributes to metastasis via non-cell autonomous effects that activate the Hh pathway. Although all Hh inhibitors may act against tumours with canonical Hh/GLI signalling, only GLI inhibitors would act against non-canonical EMT-induced GLI activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Neelakantan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Denver, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Room P18-6115, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Hengbo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Denver, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Room P18-6115, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Michael U J Oliphant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Denver, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Room P18-6115, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - David M Henke
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Meng-Fen Wu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lisa D White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Heide L Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado-Denver, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Room P18-6115, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Molecular Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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207
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Yeo SY, Ha SY, Lee KW, Cui Y, Yang ZT, Xuan YH, Kim SH. Twist1 is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with a prognostic significance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65265-65280. [PMID: 29029429 PMCID: PMC5630329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer progression. Twist1 was recently reported to be a key regulator of CAFs in gastric cancer, but its role in other types of cancer remains unclear, especially for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We assessed the Twist1 expression on stromal fibroblasts using immunohistochemistry in 169 tissue specimens from ESCC patients, and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to confirm the role of Twist1 in CAFs of ESCC. And we investigated the biological pathways that are activated in Twist1-high ESCC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. The expression of Twist1 in stromal fibroblasts was observed in 89.9% of ESCC patients and positively associated with the increased depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage, and a significant adverse prognostic factor in overall survival. Twist1-expressing stromal fibroblasts also expressed representative CAF markers, and co-localization of Twist1 and CAF markers were confirmed by confocal immunofluorescence imaging. Bioinformatic analysis of mRNA expression data of esophageal cancer from TCGA revealed that gene sets of CAFs were highly enriched in Twist1-high ESCC. Depletion of Twist1 in ex vivo cultured ESCC CAFs induced significant decrease in migration, invasion, colony formation, sphere formation, and contractibility of ESCC cancer cells compared to control CAFs. Furthermore, Twist1-expressing fibroblasts remarkably enhanced the in vivo tumorigenicity of ESCC in a xenograft model. In conclusion, Twist1 could be a novel CAF marker for the prognostic evaluation of ESCC patients as well as a potent therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Yeo
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhao-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, China
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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208
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Nayak D, Kumar A, Chakraborty S, Rasool RU, Amin H, Katoch A, Gopinath V, Mahajan V, Zilla MK, Rah B, Gandhi SG, Ali A, Kumar LD, Goswami A. Inhibition of Twist1-mediated invasion by Chk2 promotes premature senescence in p53-defective cancer cells. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1275-1287. [PMID: 28498365 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is implicated as a key mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastatic dissemination in p53-deficient cancer cells. On the other hand, checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2), a major cell cycle regulatory protein provides a barrier to tumorigenesis due to DNA damage response by preserving genomic stability of the cells. Here we demonstrate that Chk2 induction proficiently abrogates invasion, cell scattering and invadopodia formation ability of p53-mutated invasive cells by suppressing Twist1, indicating Chk2 confers vital role in metastasis prevention. In addition, ectopic Chk2, as well as its (Chk2) induction by natural podophyllotoxin analog, 4'-demethyl-deoxypodophyllotoxin glucoside (4DPG), strongly restrain Twist1 activity along with other mesenchymal markers, for example, ZEB-1, vimentin and Snail1, whereas the epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and TIMP-1 expression augmented robustly. However, downregulation of endogenous Chk2 by siRNA as well as Chk2 selective inhibitor PV1019 implies that 4DPG-mediated inhibition of Twist1 is Chk2-dependent. Further, mechanistic studies unveil that Chk2 negatively regulates Twist1 promoter activity and it (Chk2) interacts steadily with Snail1 protein to curb EMT. Strikingly, Chk2 overexpression triggers premature senescence in these cells with distinctive increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of senescence-specific marker p21waf1/Cip1. Importantly, stable knockdown of Twist1 by shRNA markedly augments p21 expression, its nuclear accumulation, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and amplifies the number of SA-β-gal-positive cells. Moreover, our in vivo studies also validate that 4DPG treatment significantly abrogates tumor growth as well as metastatic lung nodules formation by elevating the level of phospho-Chk2, Chk2 and suppressing Twist1 activity in mouse mammary carcinoma model. In a nutshell, this report conceives a novel strategy of Twist1 suppression through Chk2 induction, which prevents metastatic dissemination and promotes premature senescence in p53-defective invasive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Nayak
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular &Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Hina Amin
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Archana Katoch
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Veena Gopinath
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular &Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vidushi Mahajan
- Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mahesh K Zilla
- Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bilal Rah
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular &Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific &Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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209
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Li M, Zheng C, Xu H, He W, Ruan Y, Ma J, Zheng J, Ye C, Li W. Inhibition of AMPK-related kinase 5 (ARK5) enhances cisplatin cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer cells through regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1708-1719. [PMID: 28469776 PMCID: PMC5411919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are amongst the highest of all malignant tumors worldwide. ARK5 is a member of the human AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family which is implicated in tumor survival and progression. The current study was designed to explore the role of ARK5 in resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to cisplatin. We studied the sensitivity of two NSCLC cell lines, NCI-H1229 and A549, to cisplatin by using proliferation and cell viability assays. We then examined expression of ARK5, Twist, and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, E-cadherin and Vimentin, by Western blot and immunofluorescence. We found that ARK5 downregulation significantly increased the cisplatin chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells, and that NCI-H1299 cells, which express high levels of ARK5 and possess a mesenchymal phenotype, were more resistant to cisplatin than A549 cells, which show low expression ARK5. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of ARK5 resulted in altered EMT patterns in NSCLC cells. These data support a role for ARK5 in regulating EMT in NSCLC cells. Together, our findings suggest that ARK5 is a potential drug target for combating drug resistance and regulating EMT in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Chengfei Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Yongchun Ruan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Junnan Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Chengmeng Ye
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityPR China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityPR China
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210
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Transcription factor SPZ1 promotes TWIST-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and oncogenesis in human liver cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4405-4414. [PMID: 28368406 PMCID: PMC5543259 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process in the progression of cancer. However, its occurrence and mechanism of regulation are not fully understood. We propose a regulatory pathway in which spermatogenic leucine zipper 1 (SPZ1) promotes EMT through its transactivating ability in increasing TWIST1 expression. We compared the expression of SPZ1 and TWIST1 in specimens of hepatocarcinoma cells (HCCs) and non-HCCs. Expression of SPZ1 exhibited a tumor-specific expression pattern and a high correlation with patients' survival time, tumor size, tumor number and progression stage. Moreover, forced expression and knockdown of SPZ1 in hepatoma cells showed that SPZ1 was able to regulate the cellular proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenic activity in a TWIST1-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that SPZ1, a newly dscribed molecule, transactivates TWIST1 promoters, and that this SPZ1-TWIST axis mediates EMT signaling and exerts significant regulatory effects on tumor oncogenesis.
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211
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Ahn JH, Park HR, Park CW, Park DW, Kwak-Kim J. Expression of TWIST in the first-trimester trophoblast and decidual tissue of women with recurrent pregnancy losses. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Ahn
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center; College of Medicine; Dankook University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center; College of Medicine; Dankook University; Seoul Korea
| | - Chan-Woo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center; College of Medicine; Dankook University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Park
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center; College of Medicine; Dankook University; Seoul Korea
| | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; Vernon Hills IL USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
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212
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Wang J, Nikhil K, Viccaro K, Chang L, Jacobsen M, Sandusky G, Shah K. The Aurora-A-Twist1 axis promotes highly aggressive phenotypes in pancreatic carcinoma. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1078-1093. [PMID: 28167680 PMCID: PMC5358340 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.196790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We uncovered a crucial role for the Aurora kinase A (AURKA)-Twist1 axis in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. Twist1 is the first EMT-specific target of AURKA that was identified using an innovative screen. AURKA phosphorylates Twist1 at three sites, which results in its multifaceted regulation - AURKA inhibits its ubiquitylation, increases its transcriptional activity and favors its homodimerization. Twist1 reciprocates and prevents AURKA degradation, thereby triggering a feedback loop. Ablation of either AURKA or Twist1 completely inhibits EMT, highlighting both proteins as central players in EMT progression. Phosphorylation-dead Twist1 serves as a dominant-negative and fully reverses the EMT phenotype induced by Twist1, underscoring the crucial role of AURKA-mediated phosphorylation in mediating Twist1-induced malignancy. Likewise, Twist1-overexpressing BxPC3 cells formed large tumors in vivo, whereas expression of phosphorylation-dead Twist1 fully abrogated this effect. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic cancer specimens revealed a 3-fold higher level of Twist1 compared to that seen in healthy normal tissues. This is the first study that links Twist1 in a feedback loop with its activating kinase, which indicates that concurrent inhibition of AURKA and Twist1 will be synergistic in inhibiting pancreatic tumorigenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kumar Nikhil
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Keith Viccaro
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Max Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, room A-128, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, room A-128, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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213
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Forghanifard MM, Rad A, Farshchian M, Khaleghizadeh M, Gholamin M, Moghbeli M, Abbaszadegan MR. TWIST1 upregulates the MAGEA4 oncogene. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:877-885. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences; Sabzevar Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Molecular Medicine Research Department; ACECR-Khorasan Razavi Branch; Mashhad Iran
| | - Maryam Khaleghizadeh
- Division of Human Genetics; Immunology Research Center; Avicenna Research Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Division of Human Genetics; Immunology Research Center; Avicenna Research Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Division of Human Genetics; Immunology Research Center; Avicenna Research Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics; Immunology Research Center; Avicenna Research Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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214
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Middelkamp S, van Heesch S, Braat AK, de Ligt J, van Iterson M, Simonis M, van Roosmalen MJ, Kelder MJE, Kruisselbrink E, Hochstenbach R, Verbeek NE, Ippel EF, Adolfs Y, Pasterkamp RJ, Kloosterman WP, Kuijk EW, Cuppen E. Molecular dissection of germline chromothripsis in a developmental context using patient-derived iPS cells. Genome Med 2017; 9:9. [PMID: 28126037 PMCID: PMC5270341 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline chromothripsis causes complex genomic rearrangements that are likely to affect multiple genes and their regulatory contexts. The contribution of individual rearrangements and affected genes to the phenotypes of patients with complex germline genomic rearrangements is generally unknown. Methods To dissect the impact of germline chromothripsis in a relevant developmental context, we performed trio-based RNA expression analysis on blood cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived neuronal cells from a patient with de novo germline chromothripsis and both healthy parents. In addition, Hi-C and 4C-seq experiments were performed to determine the effects of the genomic rearrangements on transcription regulation of genes in the proximity of the breakpoint junctions. Results Sixty-seven genes are located within 1 Mb of the complex chromothripsis rearrangements involving 17 breakpoints on four chromosomes. We find that three of these genes (FOXP1, DPYD, and TWIST1) are both associated with developmental disorders and differentially expressed in the patient. Interestingly, the effect on TWIST1 expression was exclusively detectable in the patient’s iPSC-derived neuronal cells, stressing the need for studying developmental disorders in the biologically relevant context. Chromosome conformation capture analyses show that TWIST1 lost genomic interactions with several enhancers due to the chromothripsis event, which likely led to deregulation of TWIST1 expression and contributed to the patient’s craniosynostosis phenotype. Conclusions We demonstrate that a combination of patient-derived iPSC differentiation and trio-based molecular profiling is a powerful approach to improve the interpretation of pathogenic complex genomic rearrangements. Here we have applied this approach to identify misexpression of TWIST1, FOXP1, and DPYD as key contributors to the complex congenital phenotype resulting from germline chromothripsis rearrangements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0399-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors Middelkamp
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - A Koen Braat
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Iterson
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Simonis
- Cergentis B.V., Yalelaan 62, Utrecht, 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Markus J van Roosmalen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J E Kelder
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology & Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Hochstenbach
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke E Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Elly F Ippel
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Wigard P Kloosterman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Ewart W Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.
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215
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Jiang X, Guo D, Li W, Yu T, Zhou J, Gong J. Combination Twist1 and CA15-3 in axillary lymph nodes for breast cancer prognosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1123-1134. [PMID: 28112378 PMCID: PMC5367340 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist1 overexpression is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulting in migration and metastasis of breast cancer. Carcinoma antigen 15–3 (CA15-3) is widely used to monitor the prognosis for patients after treatment. However, the significance of Twist1 in axillary lymph nodes (ALN) and CA15-3 for co-examination for survival rates remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the role of the combination of Twist1 expression in metastasized ALN and the serum level of CA15-3 in evaluating the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD24, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)1 and Twist1 expression in normal and metastasized ALN from 102 patients with breast cancer were detected using laser confocal microscopy and the expression of the genes evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin expression was also tested by western blotting. The serum concentrations of CA15-3 prior to and following surgery were analyzed by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The expression of CD44, ALDH1 and Twist1 mRNA in the primary breast cancer tissues and involved ALN was upregulated compared with the normal ALN (P<0.05). The proteins N-cadherin and vimentin of the involved ALN were poorly expressed compared with breast cancer tissues, however E-cadherin protein expression was higher in metastasized and normal ALN compared with primary cancer tissues (P<0.05). Of the 102 patients, the serum CA15-3 levels of the patients in stages I and II were significantly lower compared with stages III and IV (P<0.05). Twist1+/CA15-3+, HER2-negative/Twist1+/CA15-3+ and Triple-receptor negative/Twist1+/CA15-3+ groups displayed a shorter progression-free survival compared with others. The results of the present study demonstrated that CD44, ALDH1 and Twist1 were significantly overexpressed in involved ALN. The serum levels of CA15-3 in those patients were clearly increased and the survival rates decreased, which suggested that a combination of Twist1 in ALN and CA15-3 may function as an indicator for the prognosis of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Breast Gland Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Tianwu Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Yong Chuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Yong Chuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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216
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Identification of TWIST-interacting genes in prostate cancer. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:386-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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217
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Hoang DT, Iczkowski KA, Kilari D, See W, Nevalainen MT. Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression: Opportunities for therapeutic targeting from multiple angles. Oncotarget 2017; 8:3724-3745. [PMID: 27741508 PMCID: PMC5356914 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment for localized cancer, prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for American men due to a subset of patients progressing to lethal and incurable metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Organ-confined PC is treated by surgery or radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while options for locally advanced and disseminated PC include radiation combined with ADT, or systemic treatments including chemotherapy. Progression to CRPC results from failure of ADT, which targets the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis and inhibits AR-driven proliferation and survival pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent PC to CRPC remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of AR has been shown to occur in CRPC despite depletion of circulating androgens by ADT. At the same time, the presence of AR-negative cell populations in CRPC has also been identified. While AR signaling has been proposed as the primary driver of CRPC, AR-independent signaling pathways may represent additional mechanisms underlying CRPC progression. Identification of new therapeutic strategies to target both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cell populations and, thereby, AR-driven as well as non-AR-driven PC cell growth and survival mechanisms would provide a two-pronged approach to eliminate CRPC cells with potential for synthetic lethality. In this review, we provide an overview of AR-dependent and AR-independent molecular mechanisms which drive CRPC, with special emphasis on the role of the Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling pathway in promoting castrate-resistant growth of PC through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hoang
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Iczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Deepak Kilari
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William See
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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218
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Genetic Research of Hand Congenital Deformities and Advancement in Plastic and Reconstructive Treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5101-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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219
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Pei H, Li Y, Liu M, Chen Y. Targeting Twist expression with small molecules. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:268-275. [PMID: 30108743 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Twist, as one of the important embryonic transcription factors, regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in embryo formation and cancer development. Both Twist-1 and Twist-2 are rarely detectable in healthy adult tissues, but are frequently overexpressed in multiple kinds of human cancer tissues, such as breast, prostate, uterus, liver, melanoma, etc. Twist is considered as a crucial EMT inductor and correlated with carcinoma aggression, invasion and metastasis. In the past decades, in-depth investigation has been reported in terms of the role of Twist in cancers; in addition, several kinds of small molecules have played important roles in studying the effect of Twist on cancer development, suggesting that Twist can be regarded as one of the important potential targets for cancer treatment. Hence we provide a brief overview of Twist and several small molecules targeting its expression, highlighting the biological features that make it a charming target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
| | - Yunqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
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220
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Ovol2 gene inhibits the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in lung adenocarcinoma by transcriptionally repressing Twist1. Gene 2016; 600:1-8. [PMID: 27884772 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associated with recent achievements in therapy for advanced lung adenocarcinoma, there will still be an unmet medical need for effective treatment of stage IIIb/IV, and the prognosis of lung cancer is not optimistic till now. OBJECTIVE In order to obtain some essential evidences for a potential targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma, the effects of Ovol2 gene on Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) was observed and the probable mechanisms were analyzed. METHODS Ovol2 expression was previously evaluated by immunochemistry in lung adenocarcinoma tissue, and Ovol2 was overexpressed by lentivirus infection in A549 cells. Subsequently, the migration and invasion ability of A549 cells was tested by Transwell and Wound healing experiments. The mRNA level of genes correlated to EMT was detected by Real-time PCR, and the expression of reasonable makers was probed by Western Blot. Finally, rescue experiment, Luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed to explore the probable mechanisms. RESULTS After treated with Ovol2 overexpression, the expression level of E-cadherin was increased, while the expression level of Vimentin and Twist1 was declined not only in the mRNA level but also in the protein level. Moreover, we found that Ovol2 represses transcription of Twist1 by binding to its promoter directly. Wound healing and Transwell assays indicate that the migration and invasion ability were downregulated by Ovol2 in A549 cells. CONCLUSION Ovol2 can suppress migration and invasion ability of A549 cells, and prevent EMT by inhibition of Twist1 transcription directly.
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221
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Vand-Rajabpour F, Sadeghipour N, Saee-Rad S, Fathi H, Noormohammadpour P, Yaseri M, Hesari KK, Bagherpour Z, Tabrizi M. Differential BMI1, TWIST1, SNAI2 mRNA expression pattern correlation with malignancy type in a spectrum of common cutaneous malignancies: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:489-497. [PMID: 27718152 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can be used as a unique model to identify molecular mechanisms to distinguish rarely metastatic (BCC), often metastatic (SCC) and most metastatic (melanoma) cancer. It is known that epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness transcription factors (TWIST1, SNAI2/SLUG, and BMI1) play an important role in metastasis and their dysregulation has been demonstrated in metastatic cancers. We hypothesized that this spectrum of cutaneous cancers (BCC, SCC, and melanoma) would be a unique cancer model system to elucidate steps toward cancer invasion and metastasis. METHODS We evaluated the mRNA expression level of BMI1, TWIST1, and SNAI2/SLUG and studied clinicopathological features in 170 skin cancers along with normal tissue samples. RESULTS We demonstrate downregulation of BMI1 mRNA expression in BCC samples compared with controls (p = 0.0001), SCC (p = 0.001), and melanoma (p = 0.0001) samples. Downregulation of TWIST1 mRNA expression is seen in only BCC samples compared with controls (p = 0.031). High SNAI2 mRNA expression is represented in melanoma samples compared with controls (p = 0.022) and SCC samples (p = 0.031). High mRNA expression of TWIST1 is seen in patients with positive history of cancers. Extremely low mRNA expression of BMI1 is detected in patients with positive history of cancers other than skin cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide support for the hypothesis that the spectrum of cutaneous cancers could be better understood as a series of gene dosage-dependent entities with distinct molecular events. Oncogene-induced senescence, mechanism of which is still unclear, could be one explanation for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vand-Rajabpour
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6447, Tehran, 14176-13151, Iran
| | - N Sadeghipour
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6447, Tehran, 14176-13151, Iran
| | - S Saee-Rad
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - H Fathi
- Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tumor Clinic, Pathology Department and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Noormohammadpour
- Tumor Clinic, Pathology Department and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Yaseri
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K K Hesari
- Tumor Clinic, Pathology Department and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Razi Dermatology Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Bagherpour
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6447, Tehran, 14176-13151, Iran
| | - M Tabrizi
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6447, Tehran, 14176-13151, Iran.
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222
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Lv T, Wang Q, Cromie M, Liu H, Tang S, Song Y, Gao W. Twist1-mediated 4E-BP1 regulation through mTOR in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33006-18. [PMID: 26360779 PMCID: PMC4741745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 overexpression corresponds with poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the underlining mechanism is not clear. The objective of the present study was to investigate the tumorigenic role of Twist1 and its related molecular mechanisms in NSCLC. Twist1 was overexpressed in 34.7% of NSCLC patients. The survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high Twist1 expression than low expression (P < 0.05). Twist1 expression levels were higher in H1650 cells, but relatively lower in H1975 cells. H1650 with stable Twist1 knockdown, H1650shTw, demonstrated a significantly slower rate of wound closure; however, H1975 with stable Twist1 overexpression, H1975Over, had an increased motility velocity. A significant decrease in colony number and size was observed in H1650shTw, but a significant increase in colony number was found in H1975Over (P < 0.05). Tumor growth significantly decreased in mice implanted with H1650shTw compared to H1650 (P < 0.05). 4E-BP1 and p53 gene expressions were increased, but p-4E-BP1 and p-mTOR protein expressions were decreased in H1650shTw. However, 4E-BP1 gene expression was decreased, while p-4E-BP1 and p-mTOR protein expressions were increased in H1975Over. p-4E-BP1 was overexpressed in 24.0% of NSCLC patients. Survival rate was significantly lower in patients with high p-4E-BP1 expression than low p-4E-BP1 (P < 0.01). A significant correlation was found between Twist1 and p-4E-BP1 (P < 0.01). A total of 13 genes in RT-PCR array showed significant changes in H1650shTw. Altogether, Twist1 is correlated with p-4E-BP1 in predicting the prognostic outcome of NSCLC. Inhibition of Twist1 decreases p-4E-BP1 expression possibly through downregulating p-mTOR and increasing p53 expression in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States of America.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States of America.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Meghan Cromie
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States of America
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Song Tang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States of America
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79416, United States of America
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Wermuth PJ, Li Z, Mendoza FA, Jimenez SA. Stimulation of Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Induced Endothelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition and Tissue Fibrosis by Endothelin-1 (ET-1): A Novel Profibrotic Effect of ET-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161988. [PMID: 27583804 PMCID: PMC5008786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a newly recognized source of profibrotic activated myofibroblasts and has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of various fibrotic processes. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been implicated in the development of tissue fibrosis but its participation in TGF-β-induced EndoMT has not been studied. Here we evaluated the role of ET-1 on TGF-β1-induced EndoMT in immunopurified CD31+/CD102+ murine lung microvascular endothelial cells. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), of relevant profibrotic genes, and of various transcription factors involved in the EndoMT process were assessed employing quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence histology and Western blot analysis. TGF-β1 caused potent induction of EndoMT whereas ET-1 alone had a minimal effect. However, ET-1 potentiated TGF-β1-induced EndoMT and TGF-β1-stimulated expression of mesenchymal cell specific and profibrotic genes and proteins. ET-1 also induced expression of the TGF-β receptor 1 and 2 genes, suggesting a plausible autocrine mechanism to potentiate TGF-β-mediated EndoMT and fibrosis. Stimulation of TGF-β1-induced skin and lung fibrosis by ET-1 was confirmed in vivo in an animal model of TGF-β1-induced tissue fibrosis. These results suggest a novel role for ET-1 in the establishment and progression of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Wermuth
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Fabian A. Mendoza
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sergio A. Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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224
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Xu Y, Qin L, Sun T, Wu H, He T, Yang Z, Mo Q, Liao L, Xu J. Twist1 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis by silencing Foxa1 expression. Oncogene 2016; 36:1157-1166. [PMID: 27524420 PMCID: PMC5311074 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous breast cancers can be classified into different subtypes according to their histopathological characteristics and molecular signatures. Foxa1 expression is linked with luminal breast cancer (LBC) with good prognosis, whereas Twist1 expression is associated with basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) with poor prognosis owing to its role in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasiveness and metastasis. However, the regulatory and functional relationships between Twist1 and Foxa1 in breast cancer progression are unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that in the estrogen receptor (ERα)-positive LBC cells Twist1 silences Foxa1 expression, which has an essential role in relieving Foxa1-arrested migration, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, Twist1 binds to Foxa1 proximal promoter and recruits the NuRD transcriptional repressor complex to de-acetylate H3K9 and repress RNA polymerase II recruitment. Twist1 also silences Foxa1 promoter by inhibiting AP-1 recruitment. Twist1 expression in MCF7 cells silenced Foxa1 expression, which was concurrent with the induction of EMT, migration, invasion and metastasis of these cells. Importantly, restored Foxa1 expression in these cells largely inhibited Twist1-promoted migration, invasion and metastasis. Restored Foxa1 expression did not change the Twist1-induced mesenchymal cellular morphology and the expression of Twist1-regulated E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and Slug, but it partially rescued Twist1-silenced ERα and cytokeratin 8 expression and reduced Twist1-induced integrin α5, integrin β1 and MMP9 expression. In a xenografted mouse model, restored Foxa1 also increased Twist1-repressed LBC markers and decreased Twist1-induced BLBC markers. Furthermore, Twist1 expression is negatively correlated with Foxa1 in the human breast tumors. The tumors with high Twist1 and low Foxa1 expressions are associated with poor distant metastasis-free survival. These results demonstrate that Twist1's silencing effect on Foxa1 expression is largely responsible for Twist1-induced migration, invasion and metastasis, but less responsible for Twist1-induced mesenchymal morphogenesis and expression of certain EMT markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - H Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T He
- Institution for Cancer Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Z Yang
- Institution for Cancer Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Q Mo
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Institution for Cancer Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Abstract
A challenging property of gammaherpesviruses is their ability to establish lifelong persistence. The establishment of latency in B cells is thought to involve active virus engagement of host signaling pathways. Pathogenic effects of these viruses during latency or following reactivation can be devastating to the host. Many cancers, including those associated with members of the gammaherpesvirus family, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus, express elevated levels of active host signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). STAT3 is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to many cytokines and can orchestrate effector responses that include proliferation, inflammation, metastasis, and developmental programming. However, the contribution of STAT3 to gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis remains to be completely understood. This is the first study to have identified STAT3 as a critical host determinant of the ability of gammaherpesvirus to establish long-term latency in an animal model of disease. Following an acute infection, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) established latency in resident B cells, but establishment of latency was dramatically reduced in animals with a B cell-specific STAT3 deletion. The lack of STAT3 in B cells did not impair germinal center responses for immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching in the spleen and did not reduce either total or virus-specific IgG titers. Although ablation of STAT3 in B cells did not have a global effect on these assays of B cell function, it had long-term consequences for the viral load of the host, since virus latency was reduced at 6 to 8 weeks postinfection. Our findings establish host STAT3 as a mediator of gammaherpesvirus persistence. The insidious ability of gammaherpesviruses to establish latent infections can have detrimental consequences for the host. Identification of host factors that promote viral latency is essential for understanding latency mechanisms and for therapeutic interventions. We provide the first evidence that STAT3 expression is needed for murine gammaherpesvirus 68 to establish latency in primary B cells during an active immune response to infection. STAT3 deletion in B cells does not impair adaptive immune control of the virus, but loss of STAT3 in B cells has a long-lasting impact on viral persistence. These results indicate a potential therapeutic benefit of STAT3 inhibitors for combating gammaherpesvirus latency and, thereby, associated pathologies.
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226
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Prognostic Value of EMT-inducing Transcription Factors (EMT-TFs) in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28587. [PMID: 27335258 PMCID: PMC4917825 DOI: 10.1038/srep28587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital control point in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). TWIST1, SNAIL1, SLUG, and ZEB1, as key EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), are involved in MBC through different signaling cascades. This updated meta-analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between the expression of EMT-TFs and prognostic value in MBC patients. A total of 3,218 MBC patients from fourteen eligible studies were evaluated. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) for EMT-TFs suggested that high EMT-TF expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in MBC patients (HRs = 1.72; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.53–1.93; P = 0.001). In addition, the overexpression of SLUG was the most impactful on the risk of MBC compared with TWIST1 and SNAIL1, which sponsored fixed models. Strikingly, the increased risk of MBC was less associated with ZEB1 expression. However, the EMT-TF expression levels significantly increased the risk of MBC in the Asian population (HR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.70–2.62) without any publication bias (t = 1.70, P = 0.11). These findings suggest that the overexpression of potentially TWIST1, SNAIL1 and especially SLUG play a key role in the aggregation of MBC treatment as well as in the improvement of follow-up plans in Asian MBC patients.
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227
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Wang N, Guo D, Zhao YY, Dong CY, Liu XY, Yang BX, Wang SW, Wang L, Liu QG, Ren Q, Lin YM, Ma XT. TWIST-1 promotes cell growth, drug resistance and progenitor clonogenic capacities in myeloid leukemia and is a novel poor prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20977-92. [PMID: 26023795 PMCID: PMC4673244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of TWIST-1 expression are often seen in solid tumors and contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, studies concerning its pathogenic role in leukemia are scarce. Our study shows that TWIST-1 is overexpressed in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Gain-of-function and loss-of-function analyses demonstrate that TWIST-1 promotes cell growth, colony formation and drug resistance of AML and CML cell lines. Furthermore, TWIST-1 is aberrantly highly expressed in CD34+CD38− leukemia stem cell candidates and its expression declines with differentiation. Down-modulation of TWIST-1 in myeloid leukemia CD34+ cells impairs their colony-forming capacity. Mechanistically, c-MPL, which is highly expressed in myeloid leukemia cells and associated with poor prognosis, is identified as a TWIST-1 coexpressed gene in myeloid leukemia patients and partially contributes to TWIST-1-mediated leukemogenic effects. Moreover, patients with higher TWIST-1 expression have shorter overall and event-free survival (OS and EFS) in AML. Multivariate analysis further demonstrates that TWIST-1 overexpression is a novel independent unfavourable predictor for both OS and EFS in AML. These data highlight TWIST-1 as a new candidate gene contributing to leukemogenesis of myeloid leukemia, and propose possible new avenues for improving risk and treatment stratification in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Cheng-Ya Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Bin-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shu-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Qing-Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yong-Min Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China
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228
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Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition Induced by Reprogramming Factors Attenuates the Malignancy of Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156904. [PMID: 27258152 PMCID: PMC4892607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of metastatic cancer. However, an effective anticancer therapy that directly targets the EMT program has not yet been discovered. Recent studies have indicated that mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), the reverse phenomenon of EMT, is observed in fibroblasts during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of reprogramming factors (RFs) on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. RFs-introduced cancer cells (RICs) demonstrated the enhanced epithelial characteristics in morphology with altered expression of mRNA and microRNAs. The motility and invasive activities of RICs in vitro were significantly reduced. Furthermore, xenografts of RICs exhibited no lymph node metastasis, whereas metastasis was detected in parental SCC-inoculated mice. Thus, we concluded that RICs regained epithelial properties through MET and showed reduced cancer malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the understanding of the MET process in cancer cells by introduction of RFs may lead to the designing of a novel anticancer strategy.
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229
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Ren H, Du P, Ge Z, Jin Y, Ding D, Liu X, Zou Q. TWIST1 and BMI1 in Cancer Metastasis and Chemoresistance. J Cancer 2016; 7:1074-80. [PMID: 27326250 PMCID: PMC4911874 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increasing evidences revealed that cancer cells with the characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or cancer stem cells (CSC) have high ability of progression, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. TWIST1 and BMI1 are crucial transcription factors required for EMT and CSC. Both TWIST1 and BMI1 are up-regulated in various cancers and have a positive correlation with poor prognosis. Although recent results showed that the two molecules function in promoting cancer metastasis and chemoresistance respectively, the correlation of TWIST1 and BMI1 is not well understood. Methods In this review, we summarize recent advance in cancer research focus on TWIST1 and BMI1 in cancer metastasis and chemoresistance, and emphasize the possible link between EMT and CSC. Results Further investigation of TWIST1 and BMI1 cooperately promote CSC proliferation due to EMT-associated effect will help to understand the mechanism of tumor cells metastasis and chemoresistance. Conclusions TWIST1 and BMI1 in cancer cells will be effective targets for treating chemoresistant metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Peizhun Du
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zongyu Ge
- 2. Department of General Surgery, Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Jin
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Di Ding
- 3. Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- 4. Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zou
- 1. Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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230
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Talati PG, Gu L, Ellsworth EM, Girondo MA, Trerotola M, Hoang DT, Leiby B, Dagvadorj A, McCue PA, Lallas CD, Trabulsi EJ, Gomella L, Aplin AE, Languino L, Fatatis A, Rui H, Nevalainen MT. Jak2-Stat5a/b Signaling Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem-Like Cell Properties in Prostate Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:2505-22. [PMID: 26362718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Active Stat5a/b predicts early recurrence and disease-specific death in prostate cancer (PC), which both typically are caused by development of metastatic disease. Herein, we demonstrate that Stat5a/b induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC cells, as shown by Stat5a/b regulation of EMT marker expression (Twist1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin) in PC cell lines, xenograft tumors in vivo, and patient-derived PCs ex vivo using organ explant cultures. Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling induced functional end points of EMT as well, indicated by disruption of epithelial cell monolayers and increased migration and adhesion of PC cells to fibronectin. Knockdown of Twist1 suppressed Jak2-Stat5a/b-induced EMT properties of PC cells, which were rescued by re-introduction of Twist1, indicating that Twist1 mediates Stat5a/b-induced EMT in PC cells. While promoting EMT, Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling induced stem-like properties in PC cells, such as sphere formation and expression of cancer stem cell markers, including BMI1. Mechanistically, both Twist1 and BMI1 were critical for Stat5a/b induction of stem-like features, because genetic knockdown of Twist1 suppressed Stat5a/b-induced BMI1 expression and sphere formation in stem cell culture conditions, which were rescued by re-introduction of BMI1. By using human prolactin knock-in mice, we demonstrate that prolactin-Stat5a/b signaling promoted metastases formation of PC cells in vivo. In conclusion, our data support the concept that Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling promotes metastatic progression of PC by inducing EMT and stem cell properties in PC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja G Talati
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elyse M Ellsworth
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie A Girondo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David T Hoang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin Leiby
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ayush Dagvadorj
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Costas D Lallas
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edouard J Trabulsi
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leonard Gomella
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lucia Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandro Fatatis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marja T Nevalainen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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231
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Palumbo-Zerr K, Soare A, Zerr P, Liebl A, Mancuso R, Tomcik M, Sumova B, Dees C, Chen CW, Wohlfahrt T, Mallano T, Distler A, Ramming A, Gelse K, Mihai C, Distler O, Schett G, Distler JHW. Composition of TWIST1 dimers regulates fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:244-251. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesTWIST1 is a member of the class B of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that regulates cell lineage determination and differentiation and has been implicated in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of TWIST1 for the activation of resident fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsThe expression of Twist1 in fibroblasts was modulated by forced overexpression or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Interaction of Twist1, E12 and inhibitor Of differentiation (Id) was analysed by co-immunoprecipitation. The role of Twist1 in vivo was evaluated using inducible, conditional knockout mice with either ubiquitous or fibroblast-specific depletion of Twist1. Mice were either challenged with bleomycin or overexpressing a constitutively active transforming growth factor (TGF)β receptor I.ResultThe expression of TWIST1 was increased in fibroblasts in fibrotic human and murine skin in a TGFβ/SMAD3-dependent manner. TWIST1 in turn enhanced TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation in a p38-dependent manner. The stimulatory effects of TWIST1 on resident fibroblasts were mediated by TWIST1 homodimers. TGFβ promotes the formation of TWIST1 homodimers by upregulation of TWIST1 and by induction of inhibitor of DNA-binding proteins, which have high affinity for E12/E47 and compete against TWIST1 for E12/E47 binding. Mice with selective depletion of Twist1 in fibroblasts are protected from experimental skin fibrosis in different murine models to a comparable degree as mice with ubiquitous depletion of Twist1.ConclusionsOur data identify TWIST1 as a central pro-fibrotic factor in SSc, which facilitates fibroblast activation by amplifying TGFβ signalling. Targeting of TWIST1 may thus be a novel approach to normalise aberrant TGFβ signalling in SSc.
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232
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Pastorkova Z, Skarda J, Andel J. The role of microRNA in metastatic processes of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:343-57. [PMID: 27108604 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small non-coding one-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Bioinformatic predictions indicate that each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes. MicroRNA expression can be associated with various cellular processes leading to the metastasis of malignant tumours including non-small cell lung carcinoma. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of microRNAs in NSCLC metastasis to the brain and lymph nodes. METHODS A search of the NCBI/PubMed database for publications on expression levels and the mechanisms of microRNA action in NSCLC metastasis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Dysregulation of microRNAs in NSCLC can be associated with brain and lymph node metastasis. There are differences in microRNA expression profiling between NSCLC with and without metastases but it is currently not possible to reliably predict the site of metastasis in NSCLC. Based on data from RNAmicroarrays, bioinformatics analysis is able to predict the target genes of highlighted microRNAs, providing us with complex information about cancer cell features such as enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion. Such microRNAs may then be knocked-down using siRNAs or substituted with miRNA mimics. RNA microarray profiling may thus be a useful tool to select up- or down-regulated microRNAs. A number of authors suggest that microRNAs could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pastorkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Andel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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233
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Kim SY, Hong SH, Basse PH, Wu C, Bartlett DL, Kwon YT, Lee YJ. Cancer Stem Cells Protect Non-Stem Cells From Anoikis: Bystander Effects. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2289-301. [PMID: 26918647 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of initiation and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, understanding the biology of CSCs and the interaction between CSCs and their counterpart non-stem cells is crucial for developing a novel cancer therapy. We used CSC-like and non-stem breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells to investigate mammosphere formation. We investigated the role of the epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) axis in anoikis. Data from E-cadherin small hairpin RNA assay and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor study show that activation of Erk, but not modulation of E-cadherin level, may play an important role in anoikis resistance. Next, the two cell subtypes were mixed and the interaction between them during mammosphere culture and xenograft tumor formation was investigated. Unlike CSC-like cells, increased secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and growth-related oncogene (Gro) chemokines was detected during mammosphere culture in non-stem cells. Similar results were observed in mixed cells. Interestingly, CSC-like cells protected non-stem cells from anoikis and promoted tumor growth. Our results suggest bystander effects between CSC-like cells and non-stem cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2289-2301, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Se-Hoon Hong
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Per H Basse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Chuanyue Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - David L Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
| | - Yong J Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213
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Sun T, Fu J, Shen T, Lin X, Liao L, Feng XH, Xu J. The Small C-terminal Domain Phosphatase 1 Inhibits Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Dephosphorylating Ser(P)68-Twist1 to Accelerate Twist1 Protein Degradation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11518-28. [PMID: 26975371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that strongly promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. The MAPK-phosphorylated Twist1 on its serine 68 (Ser(P)(68)-Twist1) has a significantly enhanced stability and function to drive cancer cell invasion and metastasis. However, the phosphatase that dephosphorylates Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 and destabilizes Twist1 has not been identified and characterized. In this study, we screened a serine/threonine phosphatase cDNA expression library in HEK293T cells with ectopically coexpressed Twist1. We found that the small C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (SCP1) specifically dephosphorylates Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 in both cell-free reactions and living cells. SCP1 uses its amino acid residues 43-63 to interact with the N terminus of Twist1. Increased SCP1 expression in cells decreased Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 and total Twist1 proteins, whereas knockdown of SCP1 increased Ser(P)(68)-Twist1 and total Twist1 proteins. Furthermore, the levels of SCP1 are negatively correlated with Twist1 protein levels in several cancer cell lines. SCP1-dephosphorylated Twist1 undergoes fast degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Importantly, an increase in SCP1 expression in breast cancer cells with either endogenous or ectopically expressed Twist1 largely inhibits the Twist1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype and the migration and invasion capabilities of these cells. These results indicate that SCP1 is the phosphatase that counterregulates the MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of Ser(68)-Twist1. Thus, an increase in SCP1 expression and activity may be a useful strategy for eliminating the detrimental roles of Twist1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Junjiang Fu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China, and
| | - Tao Shen
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lan Liao
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Networks, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China, and
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235
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Inoue K, Fry EA. Novel Molecular Markers for Breast Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:25-42. [PMID: 26997872 PMCID: PMC4790586 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s38394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular biomarkers assures that breast cancer (BC) patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki67, have been playing significant roles in the subcategorization of BC to predict the prognosis and decide the specific therapy to each patient. Antihormonal therapy using 4-hydroxytamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors have been employed in patients whose tumor cells express hormone receptors, while monoclonal antibody to HER2 has been administered to HER2-positive BCs. Although new therapeutic agents have been developed in the past few decades, many patients still die of the disease due to relapse; thus, novel molecular markers that predict therapeutic failure and those that can be targets for specific therapy are expected. We have chosen four of such molecules by reviewing recent publications, which are cyclin E, B-Myb, Twist, and DMP1β. The oncogenicity of these molecules has been demonstrated in vivo and/or in vitro through studies using transgenic mice or siRNAs, and their expressions have been shown to be associated with shortened overall or disease-free survival of BC patients. The former three molecules have been shown to accelerate epithelial-mesenchymal transition that is often associated with cancer stem cell-ness and metastasis; all these four can be novel therapeutic targets as well. Thus, large prospective studies employing immunohistochemistry will be needed to establish the predictive values of these molecules in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Inoue
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Fry
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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236
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High nuclear expression of Twist1 in the skeletal extramedullary disease of myeloma patients predicts inferior survival. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:210-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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237
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Liu J, Lin PC, Zhou BP. Inflammation fuels tumor progress and metastasis. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:3032-40. [PMID: 26004407 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150514105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a beneficial response that can remove pathogens, repair injured tissue and restore homeostasis to damaged tissues and organs. However, increasing evidence indicate that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumor development, as well as progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. We will review the current knowledge regarding the contribution of inflammation to epithelial mesenchymal transition. We will also provide some perspectives on the relationship between ER-stress signals and metabolism, and the role of these processes in the development of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 741 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536.
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238
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Guzzo RM, Alaee F, Paglia D, Gibson JD, Spicer D, Drissi H. Aberrant expression of Twist1 in diseased articular cartilage and a potential role in the modulation of osteoarthritis severity. Genes Dis 2016; 3:88-99. [PMID: 30258877 PMCID: PMC6146614 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bHLH transcription factor Twist1 has emerged as a negative regulator of chondrogenesis in skeletal progenitor cells and as an inhibitor of maturation in growth plate chondrocytes. However, its role in articular cartilage remains obscure. Here we examine Twist1 expression during re-differentiation of expanded human articular chondrocytes, the distribution of Twist1 proteins in normal versus OA human articular cartilage, and its role in modulating OA development in mice. High levels of Twist1 transcripts were detected by qPCR analyses of expanded de-differentiated human articular chondrocytes that had acquired mesenchymal-like features. The induction of hallmark cartilage genes by Bmp-2 mediated chondrogenic differentiation was paralleled by the dramatic suppression of Twist1 in vitro. In normal human articular cartilage, Twist1-expressing chondrocytes were most abundant in the superficial zone with little to no expression in the middle and deep zones. However, our analyses revealed a higher proportion of deep zone articular chondrocytes expressing Twist1 in human OA cartilage as compared to normal articular cartilage. Moreover, Twist1 expression was prominent within proliferative cell clusters near fissure sites in more severely affected OA samples. To assess the role of Twist1 in OA pathophysiology, we subjected wild type mice and transgenic mice with gain of Twist1 function in cartilage to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus. At 12 weeks post-surgery, micro-CT and histological analyses revealed attenuation of the OA phenotype in Twist1 transgenic mice compared to wild type mice. Collectively, the data reveal a role for Twist in articular cartilage maintenance and the attenuation of cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Guzzo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Farhang Alaee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David Paglia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jason D Gibson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Douglas Spicer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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239
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The interplay between microRNAs and Twist1 transcription factor: a systematic review. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7007-19. [PMID: 26880587 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist1 (also known as Twist) is a transcription factor that belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. It functions as a negative regulator of epithelial gene expression and a positive regulator of mesenchymal gene expression, thereby leading to induction of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process in which epithelial cells acquire the motile and migratory characteristics of mesenchymal cells. In addition to regulating the expression of protein-coding genes, Twist1 regulates the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), adding a regulatory layer to EMT induction. Interestingly, the mRNA of Twist1 represents a downstream target of miRNAs, indicating an intricate network between miRNAs and Twist1. This network was shown to play multiple roles in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. The network can induce angiogenesis, protect cells from oncogene-induced apoptosis and senescence, enhance cancer cell resistance to conventional therapies, and increase cancer stem cell (CSC) populations. Recently, miRNAs have attracted considerable attention as potential promising tools in cancer therapies. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to clarify the reciprocal link between Twist1 and miRNAs in order to provide potential candidate miRNAs for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment.
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240
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Guo W, You X, Xu D, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Man K, Wang Z, Chen Y. PAQR3 enhances Twist1 degradation to suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:397-407. [PMID: 26905590 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is an essential transcription factor required to initiate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promote tumor metastasis. PAQR3 is a newly found tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in many types of human cancers. Downregulation of PAQR3 is associated with accelerated metastasis and poor prognosis of the patients with gastric cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that PAQR3 is actively involved in the degradation of Twist1 and whereby regulates EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. PAQR3 overexpression reduces the protein level but not the mRNA level of Twist1. The protein stability and polyubiquitination of Twist1 are altered by PAQR3. PAQR3 forms a complex with Twist1 and BTRC, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. PAQR3 enhances the interaction between Twist1 and BTRC. Twist1 is mobilized from the nucleus to a proteasome-containing structure in the cytoplasm upon overexpression of PAQR3 and BTRC, which is required for PAQR3-induced degradation of Twist1. The Twist1 box domain of the Twist1 protein is required for the interaction of Twist1 with both PAQR3 and BTRC, indispensable for PAQR3-mediated degradation of Twist1. Both BTRC and Twist1 are required for the inhibitory effects of PAQR3 on migration and EMT phenotype of gastric cancers cells. Importantly, Twist1 is indispensable for the inhibitory effect of PAQR3 on metastasis of gastric cancer cells in vivo Collectively, these findings not only pinpoint that Twist1 mediates the modulatory function of PAQR3 on EMT and metastasis but also suggest that targeting Twist1 is a promising strategy to control metastasis of tumors with downregulation of PAQR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Xue You
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031, China and.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Daqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Kaiyang Man
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031, China and.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031 , China and
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, New Life Science Building, A2214, Shanghai 200031, China and.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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241
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Hajimoradi M, Mohammad Hassan Z, Ebrahimi M, Soleimani M, Bakhshi M, Firouzi J, Samani FS. STAT3 is Overactivated in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 17:617-28. [PMID: 26862521 PMCID: PMC4746412 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Gastric cancer (GC) is widely associated with chronic inflammation. The
pro inflammatory microenvironment provides conditions that disrupt stem/progenitor
cell proliferation and differentiation. The signal transducer and activator of transcrip-
tion-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in inflammation and also contributes to
the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) pluripotency. Here, we have investi-
gated the activation status of STAT3 in GC stem-like cells (GCSLCs).
Materials and Methods In this experimental research, CSLCs derived from the human
GC cell line MKN-45 and patient specimens, through spheroid body formation, character-
ized and then assayed for the STAT3 transcription factor expression in mRNA and protein
level further to its activation.
Results Spheroid cells showed higher potential for spheroid formation than the pa-
rental cells. Furthemore, stemness genes NANOG, c-MYC and SOX-2 were over
expressed in spheroids of MKN-45 and in patient samples. In MKN-45 spheroid cells,
epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers CDH2, SNAIL2, TWIST and
VIMENTIN were upregulated (P<0.05), but we observed no change in expression of
the E-cadherin epithelial marker. These cells exhibited more resistance to docetaxel
(DTX) when compared with parental cells (P<0.05) according to the MTS assay. Al-
though immunostaining and Western blotting showed expression of the STAT3 pro-
tein in both spheroids and parents, the mRNA level of STAT3 in spheroids was higher
than the parents. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 was accompanied by more intensive
phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) in spheroid structures relative to the parent cells accord-
ing to flow cytometry analysis (P<0.05).
Conclusion The present findings point to STAT3 over activation in GCSLCs. Com-
plementary experiments are required to extend the role of STAT3 in stemness fea-
tures and invasion properties of GCSCs and to consider the STAT3 pathway for CSC
targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Hajimoradi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair Mohammad Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Bakhshi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Javad Firouzi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Sahraneshin Samani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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242
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The PDGF-D/miR-106a/Twist1 pathway orchestrates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gemcitabine resistance hepatoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7000-10. [PMID: 25760076 PMCID: PMC4466665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) plays a critical role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The objective is to explore the molecular mechanism of PDGF-D-mediated EMT in drug resistance HCC cells. To achieve our goal, we used multiple approaches including Western blotting, real-time RT-PCR, wound healing assay, invasion assay, luciferase activity assay, transfection, and immunohistochemistry. We found that PDGF-D is highly expressed in gemcitabine-resistant (GR) HCC cells. Moreover, PDGF-D markedly inhibited miR-106a expression and subsequently upregulated Twist1 expression. Notably, PDGF-D expression was associated with miR-106a and Twist1 in HCC patients. Our findings provide a possible molecular mechanism for understanding GR chemoresistance in HCC cells. Therefore, inactivation of PDGF-D/Twist or activation of miR-106a could be a novel strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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243
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Matsumoto Y, Sato S, Maeda T, Kishino M, Toyosawa S, Usami Y, Iwai SI, Nakazawa M, Yura Y, Ogawa Y. Transcription factors related to chondrogenesis in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland: a mechanism of mesenchymal tissue formation. J Transl Med 2016; 96:16-24. [PMID: 26501866 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) substances indicates that tumor epithelial cells are becoming chondrogenic and will produce cartilage-like mesenchymal tissues. Sox9, the master transcription factor of chondrogenesis, is expressed in mouse salivary gland cells. To clarify the mechanism behind chondrogenesis in tumor epithelial cells, we examined the expression of transcription factors related to chondrogenesis in tumors and salivary glands. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and immunostaining were performed on pleomorphic adenoma tissues, salivary gland tissues, and human submandibular gland (HSG) cells. The mRNAs of essential transcription factors for chondrogenesis-Sox9, Sox6, and Sox5-were detected in both tumor and salivary gland tissues. The mRNAs of aggrecan and type II collagen-cartilage-specific ECM substances-were detected only in tumors. Sox9 and Sox6 proteins were colocalized in many epithelial cells in tumors and salivary glands. Tumor epithelial cells also possessed aggrecan protein and occasionally type II collagen protein. Moreover, mRNAs for transcription repressors of chondrogenesis δEF1 and AP-2α were detected in both tumors and salivary glands, whereas Twist1 mRNA was detected only in salivary glands and was at significantly low-to-undetectable levels in tumors. Twist1 protein was localized in the Sox9-expressing salivary gland cells. HSG cells expressed Sox9, Sox6, and Twist1, but not aggrecan or type II collagen, and thus were similar to salivary gland cells. Twist1 depletion by Twist1 siRNA led to the upregulation of aggrecan and type II collagen mRNA expression in HSG cells. In contrast, forced expression of Twist1, using Twist1 cDNA, resulted in the downregulation of both these genes. Taken together, these results indicate that salivary gland cells have a potential for chondrogenesis, and Twist1 depletion concomitant with neoplastic transformation, which would permit tumor epithelial cells to produce cartilage-like mesenchymal tissues in salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Matsumoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sunao Sato
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Maeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Kishino
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - So-ichi Iwai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakazawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuzo Ogawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Care, Baika Women's University, Osaka, Japan
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244
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Siekmann TE, Gerber MM, Toland AE. Variants in an Hdac9 intronic enhancer plasmid impact Twist1 expression in vitro. Mamm Genome 2015; 27:99-110. [PMID: 26721262 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-015-9618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin tumor susceptibility 5 (Skts5) was previously mapped to mouse chromosome 12 through linkage analysis of skin tumor susceptible Mus musculus (NIH/Ola-S) and skin tumor resistant outbred Mus spretus (SPRET/Out-R) mice. Hdac9 was identified as a potential candidate for Skts5 based on conserved non-synonymous sequence variants and expression analyses. Studies by others identified an enhancer in human HDAC9 that correlated with TWIST1 expression. We identified 45 sequence variants between NIH/Ola-S and SPRET/Out-R mice from the orthologous region of the human HDAC9 enhancer. Variants mapping to intron 18 differentially affected luciferase expression in vitro. NIH/Ola-S clones showed an approximate 1.7-fold increased luciferase expression relative to vector alone or the equivalent clones from SPRET/Out-R-R. Furthermore, cells transfected with a portion of the NIH/Ola-S intron induced 2.2-fold increases in Twist1 expression, but the same region from SPRET/Out-R mice resulted in no up-regulation of Twist1. In silico transcription factor analyses identified multiple transcription factors predicted to differentially bind NIH/Ola-S and SPRET/Out-R polymorphic sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies of two transcription factors, Gata3 and Oct1, demonstrated differential binding between NIH/Ola-S and SPRET/Out-R plasmids that corroborated the in silico predictions. Together these studies provide evidence that the murine orthologous region to a human HDAC9 enhancer also acts as a transcriptional enhancer for mouse Twist1. As ectopic sequence variants between NIH/Ola-S and SPRET/Out-R differentially impacted luciferase expression, correlated with Twist1 expression in vitro, and affected Gata3 and Oct1 binding, these variants may explain part of the observed differences in skin tumor susceptibility at Skts5 between NIH/Ola-S and SPRET/Out-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Siekmann
- Biomedical Sciences Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Madelyn M Gerber
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amanda Ewart Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 998 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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245
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Sakamoto A, Akiyama Y, Shimada S, Zhu WG, Yuasa Y, Tanaka S. DNA Methylation in the Exon 1 Region and Complex Regulation of Twist1 Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145630. [PMID: 26695186 PMCID: PMC4687923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 overexpression is frequently observed in various cancers including gastric cancer (GC). Although DNA methylation of the Twist1 gene has been reported in cancer cells, the mechanisms underlying transcriptional activation remain uncertain. In this study, we first examined epigenetic alterations of the Twist1 using Twist1 transcription-positive and -negative cell lines that are derived from our established diffuse-type GC mouse model. Treatment with a DNA demethylation agent 5-aza-dC re-activated Twist1 expression in Twist1 expression-negative GC cells. According to methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing analysis, methylation at the CpG-rich region within Twist1 coding exon 1, rather than its promoter region, was tightly linked to transcriptional silencing of the Twist1 expression in mouse GC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that active histone mark H3K4me3 was enriched in Twist1 expression-positive cells, and inactive histone mark H3K9me3 was enriched in Twist1 expression-negative cells. The expression levels of Suv39h1 and Suv39h2, histone methyltransferases for H3K9me3, were inversely correlated with Twist1 expression, and knockdown of Suv39h1 or Suv39h2 induced Twist1 expression. Moreover, Sp1 transcription factor bound to the exon 1 CpG-rich region in Twist1 expression-positive cell lines, and Twist1 expression was diminished by mithramycin, which that interferes with Sp1 binding to CpG-rich regulatory sequences. Our studies suggested that the Twist1 transcription in GC cells might be regulated through potential cooperation of DNA methylation, histone modification in complex with Sp1 binding to CpG-rich regions within the exon 1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuna Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yasuhito Yuasa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: ;
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Goodnough LH, Dinuoscio GJ, Atit RP. Twist1 contributes to cranial bone initiation and dermal condensation by maintaining Wnt signaling responsiveness. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:144-56. [PMID: 26677825 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specification of cranial bone and dermal fibroblast progenitors in the supraorbital arch mesenchyme is Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent. The mechanism underlying how these cells interpret instructive signaling cues and differentiate into these two lineages is unclear. Twist1 is a target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and is expressed in cranial bone and dermal lineages. RESULTS Here, we show that onset of Twist1 expression in the mouse cranial mesenchyme is dependent on ectodermal Wnts and mesenchymal β-catenin activity. Conditional deletion of Twist1 in the supraorbital arch mesenchyme leads to cranial bone agenesis and hypoplastic dermis, as well as craniofacial malformation of eyes and palate. Twist1 is preferentially required for cranial bone lineage commitment by maintaining Wnt responsiveness. In the conditional absence of Twist1, the cranial dermis fails to condense and expand apically leading to extensive cranial dermal hypoplasia with few and undifferentiated hair follicles. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Twist1, a target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, also functions to maintain Wnt responsiveness and is a key effector for cranial bone fate selection and dermal condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Henry Goodnough
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gregg J Dinuoscio
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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247
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Quarto N, Senarath-Yapa K, Renda A, Longaker MT. TWIST1 silencing enhances in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by triggering activation of BMP-ERK/FGF signaling and TAZ upregulation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:833-47. [PMID: 25446627 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) represent an attractive source of seed cells in bone regeneration. How to effectively improve osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in the bone tissue engineering has become a very important question with profound translational implications. Numerous regulatory pathways dominate osteogenic differentiation of hASCs involving transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. However, how these factors combine with each other to regulate hASCs osteogenic differentiation still remains to be illustrated. The highly conserved developmental proteins TWIST play key roles for transcriptional regulation in mesenchymal cell lineages. This study investigates TWIST1 function in hASCs osteogenesis. Our results show that TWIST1 shRNA silencing increased the osteogenic potential of hASCs in vitro and their skeletal regenerative ability when applied in vivo. We demonstrate that the increased osteogenic capacity observed with TWIST1 knockdown in hASCs is mediated through endogenous activation of BMP and ERK/FGF signaling leading, in turn, to upregulation of TAZ, a transcriptional modulator of MSCs differentiation along the osteoblast lineage. Inhibition either of BMP or ERK/FGF signaling suppressed TAZ upregulation and the enhanced osteogenesis in shTWIST1 hASCs. Cosilencing of both TWIST1 and TAZ abrogated the effect elicited by TWIST1 knockdown thus, identifying TAZ as a downstream mediator through which TWIST1 knockdown enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hASCs. Our functional study contributes to a better knowledge of molecular mechanisms governing the osteogenic ability of hASCs, and highlights TWIST1 as a potential target to facilitate in vivo bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Serrano MJ, Liu J, Svoboda KKH, Nawshad A, Benson MD. Ephrin reverse signaling mediates palatal fusion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition independently of Tgfß3. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2961-72. [PMID: 25893671 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian secondary palate forms from shelves of epithelia-covered mesenchyme that meet at midline and fuse. The midline epithelial seam (MES) is thought to degrade by apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or both. Failure to degrade the MES blocks fusion and causes cleft palate. It was previously thought that transforming growth factor ß3 (Tgfß3) is required to initiate fusion. Members of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family and their membrane-bound ephrin ligands are expressed on the MES. We demonstrated that treatment of mouse palates with recombinant EphB2/Fc to activate ephrin reverse signaling (where the ephrin acts as a receptor and transduces signals from its cytodomain) was sufficient to cause mouse palatal fusion when Tgfß3 signaling was blocked by an antibody against Tgfß3 or by an inhibitor of the TgfßrI serine/threonine receptor kinase. Cultured palatal epithelial cells traded their expression of epithelial cell markers for that of mesenchymal cells and became motile after treatment with EphB2/Fc. They concurrently increased their expression of the EMT-associated transcription factors Snail, Sip1, and Twist1. EphB2/Fc did not cause apoptosis in these cells. These data reveal that ephrin reverse signaling directs palatal fusion in mammals through a mechanism that involves EMT but not apoptosis and activates a gene expression program not previously associated with ephrin reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Serrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Kathy K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ali Nawshad
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - M Douglas Benson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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A20 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis through inhibition of Twist1 expression. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:186. [PMID: 26538215 PMCID: PMC4634191 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of A20 has been reported in several human malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical relevance and potential role in HCC remain unknown. Methods Quantitative PCR, Western blots and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to quantify A20 expression in HCC samples and cell lines. The correlation of A20 expression with clinicopathologic features was analyzed in a cohort containing 143 patients with primary HCC. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the association between A20 expression and patient survival. Functional studies were performed to determine the effects of A20 on proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Results Expression of A20 was increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. Increased expression of A20 was negatively correlated with the tumor size, TNM stage, tumor thrombus formation, capsular invasion and serum AFP levels. Patients with higher A20 expression had a prolonged disease-free survival and overall survival than those with lower A20 expression. Forced expression of A20 significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive properties of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of A20 expression showed the opposite effects. Further studies revealed that expression of A20 was inversely correlated with Twist1 levels and NF-κB activity in HCC tissues and cell lines. A20-induced suppression of proliferation and migration of HCC cells were mainly mediated through inhibition of Twist1 expression that was regulated at least partly by A20-induced attenuation of NF-κB activity. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that A20 plays a negative role in the development and progression of HCC probably through inhibiting Twist1 expression. A20 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0454-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Khan MI, Hamid A, Adhami VM, Lall RK, Mukhtar H. Role of epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate tumorigenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:1240-8. [PMID: 25506896 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666141211120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the cancer associated deaths are generally attributed to the spread of cancerous cells or their features to the nearby or distant secondary organs by a process known as metastasis. Among other factors, the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells is attributed to the reactivation of an evolutionary conserved developmental program known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, fully differentiated epithelial cells undergo a series of dramatic changes in their morphology, along with loss of cell to cell contact and matrix remodeling into less differentiated and invasive mesenchymal cells. Many studies provide evidence for the existence of EMT like states in prostate cancer (PCa) and suggest its possible involvement in PCa progression and metastasis. At the same time, the lack of conclusive evidence regarding the presence of full EMT in human PCa samples has somewhat dampened the interest in the field. However, ongoing EMT research provides new perspectives and unveils the enormous potential of this field in tailoring new therapeutic regimens for PCa management. This review summarizes the role of many transcription factors and other molecules that drive EMT during prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Medical Science Center, Rm B-25, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706.
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