201
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Xiao-Jie L, Ai-Mei G, Li-Juan J, Jiang X. Pseudogene in cancer: real functions and promising signature. J Med Genet 2014; 52:17-24. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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202
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Liu K, Guo L, Guo Y, Zhou B, Li T, Yang H, Yin R, Xi T. AEG-1 3'-untranslated region functions as a ceRNA in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human non-small cell lung cancer by regulating miR-30a activity. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 94:22-31. [PMID: 25484183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Competitive endogenous messenger RNA regulates the transcription of other RNA moleculars through competing for the shared microRNAs. This study was carried out to explore the regulation of AEG-1 messenger RNA as a competitive endogenous RNA in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of lung tumor cells. It is shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was associated with the down-regulation of miR-30a, up-regulation of AEG-1 and mesenchymal markers (Snail and Vimentin); miR-30a inhibited the metastasis of lung tumor A549 cells in vitro, whereas AEG-1 promoted it. These results suggested the potential linkage between miR-30a and genes (AEG-1, Snail and Vimentin) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of lung tumor cell. It was verified later that the 3'-untranslated regions of AEG-1, Snail and Vimentin bind to miR-30a in A549 cells. Therefore, a competitive endogenous RNAs regulatory network among AEG-1, Snail and Vimentin mediated via competitive binding to miR-30a was proved. That is, the 3'-untranslated region of AEG-1, functioning as the competitive endogenous RNAs, indirectly regulated the expression of Vimentin and Snail in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human non-small cell lung cancer. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated a competitive endogenous RNAs regulatory network which will help understand the metastasis mechanisms of lung cancer and improve the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yongjian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, School of Laboratory Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009 Nanjing, China.
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203
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Alam M, Ahmad R, Rajabi H, Kufe D. MUC1-C Induces the LIN28B→LET-7→HMGA2 Axis to Regulate Self-Renewal in NSCLC. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 13:449-60. [PMID: 25368430 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The LIN28B→let-7 pathway contributes to regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell self-renewal. The oncogenic MUC1-C transmembrane protein is aberrantly overexpressed in lung and other carcinomas; however, there is no known association between MUC1-C and the LIN28B→let-7 pathway. Here in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), silencing MUC1-C downregulates the RNA-binding protein LIN28B and coordinately increases the miRNA let-7. Targeting MUC1-C function with a dominant-negative mutant or a peptide inhibitor provided confirming evidence that MUC1-C induces LIN28B→let-7 signaling. Mechanistically, MUC1-C promotes NF-κB p65 chromatin occupancy of the LIN28B first intron and activates LIN28B transcription, which is associated with suppression of let-7. Consistent with let-7-mediated inhibition of HMGA2 transcripts, targeting of MUC1-C also decreases HMGA2 expression. HMGA2 has been linked to stemness, and functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of let-7-mediated regulation of the TGFβ coreceptor TGFBR3. Accordingly, targeting MUC1-C suppresses HMGA2 mRNA and protein, which is associated with decreases in TGFBR3, reversal of the EMT phenotype, and inhibition of self-renewal capacity. These findings support a model in which MUC1-C activates the ⇑LIN28B→⇓let-7→⇑HMGA2 axis in NSCLC and thereby promotes EMT traits and stemness. IMPLICATIONS A novel pathway is defined in which MUC1-C drives LIN28B→let-7→HMGA2 signaling, EMT, and self-renewal in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Alam
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hasan Rajabi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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204
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Zheng L, Li X, Gu Y, Ma Y, Xi T. Pseudogene CYP4Z2P 3'UTR promotes angiogenesis in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 453:545-51. [PMID: 25281903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogenes have long been marked as "false" genes, which are similar with real genes but have no apparent function. The 3'UTR is well-known to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Our recent evidence, however, indicates novel functional roles of pseudogene CYP4Z2P 3'UTR (Z2P-UTR). We found that ectopic expression of Z2P-UTR in breast cancer cells significantly increased the expression of VEGF-A without affecting cell proliferation in vitro. Meanwhile, conditioned medium (CM) from Z2P-UTR overexpression cells enhanced proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVEC, and promoted angiogenesis in ex vivo models. Also, CM increased the expression of VEGFR2 in HUVEC. Our data suggest that Z2P-UTR can promote breast cancer angiogenesis partly via paracrine pathway of VEGF-A/VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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205
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Wilczynska A, Bushell M. The complexity of miRNA-mediated repression. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:22-33. [PMID: 25190144 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery 20 years ago, miRNAs have attracted much attention from all areas of biology. These short (∼22 nt) non-coding RNA molecules are highly conserved in evolution and are present in nearly all eukaryotes. They have critical roles in virtually every cellular process, particularly determination of cell fate in development and regulation of the cell cycle. Although it has long been known that miRNAs bind to mRNAs to trigger translational repression and degradation, there had been much debate regarding their precise mode of action. It is now believed that translational control is the primary event, only later followed by mRNA destabilisation. This review will discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of miRNA-mediated repression. Moreover, we highlight the multitude of regulatory mechanisms that modulate miRNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilczynska
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Bushell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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206
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Role of miRNA let-7 and its major targets in prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:376326. [PMID: 25276782 PMCID: PMC4168040 DOI: 10.1155/2014/376326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is worldwide the sixth leading cause of cancer related death in men thus early detection and successful treatment are still of major interest. The commonly performed screening of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is controversially discussed, as in many patients the prostate-specific antigen levels are chronically elevated in the absence of cancer. Due to the unsatisfying efficiency of available prostate cancer screening markers and the current treatment outcome of the aggressive hormone refractory prostate cancer, the evaluation of novel molecular markers and targets is considered an issue of high importance. MicroRNAs are relatively stable in body fluids orchestrating simultaneously the expression of many genes. These molecules are currently discussed to bear a greater diagnostic potential than protein-coding genes, being additionally promising therapeutic drugs and/or targets. Herein we review the potential impact of the microRNA let-7 family on prostate cancer and show how deregulation of several of its target genes could influence the cellular equilibrium in the prostate gland, promoting cancer development as they do in a variety of other human malignant neoplasias.
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207
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208
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Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are consistently among the top four leading causes of death in all age groups in the United States, despite a concerted effort toward developing novel therapeutic approaches. Our understanding of and therapeutic strategy for treating each of these neoplastic diseases have been improved through decades of research on the genetics, signaling pathways, and cellular biology that govern tumor cell initiation, progression and maintenance. Much of this work has concentrated on post-translational modifications and abnormalities at the DNA level, including point mutations, amplifications/deletions, and chromosomal translocations, and how these aberrant events affect the expression and function of protein-coding genes. Only recently has a novel class of conserved gene regulatory molecules been identified as a major contributor to malignant neoplastic disease. This review focuses on how these small non-coding RNA molecules, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and how the misexpression of miRNAs and dysregulation of factors that regulate miRNAs contribute to the tumorigenic process. Specific focus is given to more recently discovered regulatory mechanisms that go awry in cancer, and how these changes alter miRNA expression, processing, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Adams
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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209
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Gu Y, Cheng Y, Song Y, Zhang Z, Deng M, Wang C, Zheng G, He Z. MicroRNA-493 suppresses tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer by regulating E2F1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102602. [PMID: 25105419 PMCID: PMC4126682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have been proposed to be key regulators of progression and metastasis in cancer. However, an understanding of their roles and molecular mechanisms is needed to provide deeper insights for better therapeutic opportunities. In this study we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-493 in the development and progression of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our data indicated that the expression of miR-493 was markedly reduced in pulmonary carcinoma. The ectopic expression of miR-493 impaired cell growth and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, miR-493 commonly directly targeted E2F1, which resulted in a robust reduction of the expression of mRNA and protein. This effect, in turn, decreased the growth, invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Our findings highlight the importance of miR-493 dysfunction in promoting tumor progression, and implicate miR-493 as a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Gu
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Song
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Min Deng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhimin He
- Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- * E-mail:
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210
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Lederer M, Bley N, Schleifer C, Hüttelmaier S. The role of the oncofetal IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:3-12. [PMID: 25068994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The post-transcriptional control of gene expression mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as well as miRNAs is essential to determine tumor cell fate and thus is a major determinant in cancerogenesis. The IGF2 mRNA binding protein family (IGF2BPs) comprises three RBPs. Two members of the family, IGF2BP1 and IGF2BP3, are bona fide oncofetal proteins, which are de novo synthesized in various human cancers. In vitro studies revealed that IGF2BPs serve as post-transcriptional fine-tuners modulating the expression of genes implicated in the control of tumor cell proliferation, survival, chemo-resistance and metastasis. Consistently, the expression of both IGF2BP family members was reported to correlate with an overall poor prognosis and metastasis in various human cancers. Due to the fact that most reports used a pan-IGF2BP antibody for studying IGF2BP expression in cancer, paralogue-specific functions can barely be evaluated at present. Nonetheless, the accordance of IGF2BPs' role in promoting an aggressive phenotype of tumor-derived cells in vitro and their upregulated expression in aggressive malignancies provides strong evidence that IGF2BPs are powerful post-transcriptional oncogenes enhancing tumor growth, drug-resistance and metastasis. This suggests IGF2BPs as powerful biomarkers and candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Lederer
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany; Core Facility Imaging (CFI) of the Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Schleifer
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany; Core Facility Imaging (CFI) of the Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 1, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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211
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Price NL, Ramírez CM, Fernández-Hernando C. Relevance of microRNA in metabolic diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2014; 51:305-20. [PMID: 25034902 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2014.937522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic condition caused by abnormal adipose deposition and function, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, which affects >47 million American adults and ∼1 million children. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome have essentially twice the risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), compared to those without the syndrome. In the search for improved and novel therapeutic strategies, microRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to be interesting targets due to their regulatory role on gene networks controlling different crucial aspects of metabolism, including lipid and glucose homeostasis. More recently, the discovery of circulating miRNAs suggest that miRNAs may be involved in facilitating metabolic crosstalk between organs as well as serving as novel biomarkers of diseases, including T2D and atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the importance of miRNAs for regulating pathways that underlie metabolic diseases, and their potential as therapeutic targets for the development of novel treatments.
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212
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Hayes J, Peruzzi PP, Lawler S. MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Trends Mol Med 2014; 20:460-9. [PMID: 25027972 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1503] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of microRNAs has been one of the defining developments in cancer biology over the past decade, and the explosion of knowledge in this area has brought forward new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. The importance of microRNAs in cancer has been underlined by the identification of alterations in microRNA target binding sites and the microRNA processing machinery in tumor cells. Clinical trials utilizing microRNA profiling for patient prognosis and clinical response are now underway, and the first microRNA mimic entered the clinic for cancer therapy in 2013. In this article we review the potential applications of microRNAs for the clinical assessment of patient outcome in cancer, as well as in cancer monitoring and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie Hayes
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology and Yorkshire Regional Cytogenetics Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sean Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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213
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Yang J, Li T, Gao C, Lv X, Liu K, Song H, Xing Y, Xi T. FOXO1 3′UTR functions as a ceRNA in repressing the metastases of breast cancer cells via regulating miRNA activity. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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214
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Li L, Wang D, Xue M, Mi X, Liang Y, Wang P. 3'UTR shortening identifies high-risk cancers with targeted dysregulation of the ceRNA network. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5406. [PMID: 24953077 PMCID: PMC4066258 DOI: 10.1038/srep05406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) interactions form a multilayered network that regulates gene expression in various biological pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated novel roles of ceRNA interactions in tumorigenesis, but the dynamics of the ceRNA network in cancer remain unexplored. Here, we examine ceRNA network dynamics in prostate cancer from the perspective of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) and reveal the principles of such changes. Analysis of exon array data revealed that both shortened and lengthened 3′UTRs are abundant. Consensus clustering with APA data stratified cancers into groups with differing risks of biochemical relapse and revealed that a ceRNA subnetwork enriched with cancer genes was specifically dysregulated in high-risk cancers. The novel connection between 3′UTR shortening and ceRNA network dysregulation was supported by the unusually high number of microRNA response elements (MREs) shared by the dysregulated ceRNA interactions and the significantly altered 3′UTRs. The dysregulation followed a fundamental principle in that ceRNA interactions connecting genes that show opposite trends in expression change are preferentially dysregulated. This targeted dysregulation is responsible for the majority of the observed expression changes in genes with significant ceRNA dysregulation and represents a novel mechanism underlying aberrant oncogenic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- 1] Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2]
| | - Duolin Wang
- 1] College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University [2]
| | - Mengzhu Xue
- 1] Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2]
| | - Xianqiang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yanchun Liang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University
| | - Peng Wang
- 1] Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences [2] School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University
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215
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Hou P, Zhao Y, Li Z, Yao R, Ma M, Gao Y, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Huang B, Lu J. LincRNA-ROR induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and contributes to breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1287. [PMID: 24922071 PMCID: PMC4611722 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs have critical roles in various biological processes ranging from embryonic development to human diseases, including cancer progression, although their detailed mechanistic functions remain illusive. The lncRNA linc-ROR has been shown to contribute to the maintenance of induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells. In this study, we discovered that linc-ROR was upregulated in breast tumor samples, and ectopic overexpression of linc-ROR in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells induced an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Moreover, we showed that linc-ROR enhanced breast cancer cell migration and invasion, which was accompanied by generation of stem cell properties. Contrarily, silencing of linc-ROR repressed breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, our data revealed that linc-ROR was associated with miRNPs and functioned as a competing endogenous RNA to mi-205. Specifically, linc-ROR prevented the degradation of mir-205 target genes, including the EMT inducer ZEB2. Thus our results indicate that linc-ROR functions as an important regulator of EMT and can promote breast cancer progression and metastasis through regulation of miRNAs. Potentially, the findings of this study implicate the relevance of linc-ROR as a possible therapeutic target for aggressive and metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hou
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Zhao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Z Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Changchun, China
| | - R Yao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - M Ma
- The Breast Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Y Gao
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - L Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Changchun, China
| | - Y Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Changchun, China
| | - B Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), Changchun, China
| | - J Lu
- The Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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216
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Chiou SH, Kim-Kiselak C, Risca VI, Heimann MK, Chuang CH, Burds AA, Greenleaf WJ, Jacks TE, Feldser DM, Winslow MM. A conditional system to specifically link disruption of protein-coding function with reporter expression in mice. Cell Rep 2014; 7:2078-86. [PMID: 24931605 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditional gene deletion in mice has contributed immensely to our understanding of many biological and biomedical processes. Despite an increasing awareness of nonprotein-coding functional elements within protein-coding transcripts, current gene-targeting approaches typically involve simultaneous ablation of noncoding elements within targeted protein-coding genes. The potential for protein-coding genes to have additional noncoding functions necessitates the development of novel genetic tools capable of precisely interrogating individual functional elements. We present a strategy that couples Cre/loxP-mediated conditional gene disruption with faithful GFP reporter expression in mice in which Cre-mediated stable inversion of a splice acceptor-GFP-splice donor cassette concurrently disrupts protein production and creates a GFP fusion product. Importantly, cassette inversion maintains physiologic transcript structure, thereby ensuring proper microRNA-mediated regulation of the GFP reporter, as well as maintaining expression of nonprotein-coding elements. To test this potentially generalizable strategy, we generated and analyzed mice with this conditional knockin reporter targeted to the Hmga2 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Caroline Kim-Kiselak
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Viviana I Risca
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Megan K Heimann
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Aurora A Burds
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA
| | - Tyler E Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David M Feldser
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5456, USA.
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Ozturk N, Singh I, Mehta A, Braun T, Barreto G. HMGA proteins as modulators of chromatin structure during transcriptional activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:5. [PMID: 25364713 PMCID: PMC4207033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group (HMG) proteins are the most abundant non-histone chromatin associated proteins. HMG proteins bind to DNA and nucleosome and alter the structure of chromatin locally and globally. Accessibility to DNA within chromatin is a central factor that affects DNA-dependent nuclear processes, such as transcription, replication, recombination, and repair. HMG proteins associate with different multi-protein complexes to regulate these processes by mediating accessibility to DNA. HMG proteins can be subdivided into three families: HMGA, HMGB, and HMGN. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in understanding the function of HMGA family members, specifically their role in gene transcription regulation during development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Ozturk
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Indrabahadur Singh
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Aditi Mehta
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- LOEWE Research Group Lung Cancer Epigenetic, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Tay Y, Rinn J, Pandolfi PP. The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition. Nature 2014; 505:344-52. [PMID: 24429633 DOI: 10.1038/nature12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2924] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have described an intricate interplay among diverse RNA species, including protein-coding messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs, pseudogenes and circular RNAs. These RNA transcripts act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) or natural microRNA sponges - they communicate with and co-regulate each other by competing for binding to shared microRNAs, a family of small non-coding RNAs that are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Understanding this novel RNA crosstalk will lead to significant insight into gene regulatory networks and have implications in human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - John Rinn
- 1] Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. [2] Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. [3] Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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