201
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Noordermeer SM, van Attikum H. PARP Inhibitor Resistance: A Tug-of-War in BRCA-Mutated Cells. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:820-834. [PMID: 31421928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly-(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition is synthetic lethal with deficiency for homologous recombination (HR), a pathway essential for DNA double-strand break repair. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) therefore hold great promise for the treatment of tumors with disruptive mutations in BRCA1/2 or other HR factors. Unfortunately, PARPi resistance has proved to be a major problem in the clinic. Knowledge about PARPi resistance is expanding quickly, revealing four main mechanisms that alter drug availability, affect (de)PARylation enzymes, restore HR, or restore replication fork stability. We discuss how studies on resistance mechanisms have yielded important insights into the regulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and replication fork protection, and how these studies could pave the way for novel treatment options to target resistance mechanisms or acquired vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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202
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Bu H, Chen J, Li Q, Hou J, Wei Y, Yang X, Ma Y, He H, Zhang Y, Kong B. BRCA mutation frequency and clinical features of ovarian cancer patients: A report from a Chinese study group. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:2267-2274. [PMID: 31411802 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Subjects with germline BRCA1/2 mutations (gBRCAm) have an increased risk of developing breast cancer and ovarian cancer. At present, knowledge of BRCA1/2 mutation frequency in Chinese patients with ovarian cancer is still insufficient, and the detailed clinical information of these patients is poorly understood. METHODS A total of 547 unselected ovarian cancer patients were enrolled, and their gBRCAm status was detected. Clinical characteristics including age, personal and family history, histopathologic diagnosis, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) level, ascites, Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, residual lesions, platinum sensitivity, recurrence interval and survival information were collected. Accurate assessments of disease response were based on the RECIST standard or CA-125 level. RESULTS In 547 patients with ovarian cancer, we detected 129 (23.6%) patients with pathogenic mutations, 84 patients with BRCA1 mutations (15.4%) and 45 patients with BRCA2 mutations (8.2%). Twenty-five novel mutations were identified, and the mutation of BRCA1, c.5470_5477del8, was the most common mutation in this study. BRCA1/2 mutations were significantly associated with age; personal and family history; FIGO stage; secondary recurrence interval; sensitivity to platinum in 1st, 2nd and 3rd line treatment; and response to doxorubicin liposomes. Patients with BRCA1/2 mutations showed significant advantages in 3- and 5-year survival rates but no advantage in long-term survival. CONCLUSION BRCA1/2 mutation prevalence in Chinese ovarian cancer patients is higher than the international rate. We recommend BRCA1/2 testing for patients with family histories and personal histories of malignancy and genetic counseling for cancer in healthy people with high-risk family histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Bu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingshui Li
- Gynecologic Oncology Ward 1, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianqing Hou
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yana Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongsheng He
- Technical Department, Shanghai Topgen Biopharm Technology Co, Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Youzhong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Beihua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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203
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Yang B, Zhang S, Fang X, Kong J. Double signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor based on nuclease and quantum dot-DNA nanocomposites in the detection of breast cancer 1 gene mutation. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111544. [PMID: 31376717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient detection of microRNA (miRNA) of breast cancer 1 gene mutation (BRCA1) at their earliest stages is one of the crucial challenges in cancer diagnostics. In this study, a highly-sensitive electrochemical DNA biosensor was fabricated by double signal amplification (DSA) strategy for the detection of ultra-trace miRNA of BRCA1. In the presence of target miRNA of BRCA1, the well-matched RNA-DNA duplexes were specifically recognized by double-strand specific nuclease (DSN), and the DNA part of the duplexes were then cleaved and miRNAs were released to trigger another following cycle, which produced a primarily amplified signal by such a cyclic enzymatic signal amplification (CESA). Then triple-CdTe quantum dot labelled DNA nanocomposites (3-QD@DNA NC) was selectively hybridized with the cleaved DNA probe on the electrode and produced multiply amplified signals. The biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity for the detection of miRNA of BRCA1 in concentrations ranging from 5 aM to 5 fM, and its detection limit of 1.2 aM was obtained, which is two or three orders of magnitude lower than those by single signal amplification strategy such as CESA or QD-labeled DNA probes. The as-prepared biosensor was successfully used to detect the miRNA of BRCA1 in human serum samples with acceptable stability, good reproducibility, and good recovery. The proposed DNA biosensor based on double signal amplification strategy provided a feasible, rapid, and sensitive platform for early clinical diagnosis and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
| | - Xueen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Jilie Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
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204
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Jalan M, Olsen KS, Powell SN. Emerging Roles of RAD52 in Genome Maintenance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1038. [PMID: 31340507 PMCID: PMC6679097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of genome integrity is critical for cell survival. Homologous recombination (HR) is considered the major error-free repair pathway in combatting endogenously generated double-stranded lesions in DNA. Nevertheless, a number of alternative repair pathways have been described as protectors of genome stability, especially in HR-deficient cells. One of the factors that appears to have a role in many of these pathways is human RAD52, a DNA repair protein that was previously considered to be dispensable due to a lack of an observable phenotype in knock-out mice. In later studies, RAD52 deficiency has been shown to be synthetically lethal with defects in BRCA genes, making RAD52 an attractive therapeutic target, particularly in the context of BRCA-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Jalan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kyrie S Olsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Simon N Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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205
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Okamoto Y, Iwasaki WM, Kugou K, Takahashi KK, Oda A, Sato K, Kobayashi W, Kawai H, Sakasai R, Takaori-Kondo A, Yamamoto T, Kanemaki MT, Taoka M, Isobe T, Kurumizaka H, Innan H, Ohta K, Ishiai M, Takata M. Replication stress induces accumulation of FANCD2 at central region of large fragile genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:2932-2944. [PMID: 29394375 PMCID: PMC5888676 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During mild replication stress provoked by low dose aphidicolin (APH) treatment, the key Fanconi anemia protein FANCD2 accumulates on common fragile sites, observed as sister foci, and protects genome stability. To gain further insights into FANCD2 function and its regulatory mechanisms, we examined the genome-wide chromatin localization of FANCD2 in this setting by ChIP-seq analysis. We found that FANCD2 mostly accumulates in the central regions of a set of large transcribed genes that were extensively overlapped with known CFS. Consistent with previous studies, we found that this FANCD2 retention is R-loop-dependent. However, FANCD2 monoubiquitination and RPA foci formation were still induced in cells depleted of R-loops. Interestingly, we detected increased Proximal Ligation Assay dots between FANCD2 and R-loops following APH treatment, which was suppressed by transcriptional inhibition. Collectively, our data suggested that R-loops are required to retain FANCD2 in chromatin at the middle intronic region of large genes, while the replication stress-induced upstream events leading to the FA pathway activation are not triggered by R-loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Watal M Iwasaki
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kugou
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Arisa Oda
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Kawai
- Department of Molecular Radiobiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakasai
- Department of Biochemistry I, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Division of Molecular Cell Engineering, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Taoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Innan
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Ohta
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Ishiai
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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206
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Elaimy AL, Amante JJ, Zhu LJ, Wang M, Walmsley CS, FitzGerald TJ, Goel HL, Mercurio AM. The VEGF receptor neuropilin 2 promotes homologous recombination by stimulating YAP/TAZ-mediated Rad51 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14174-14180. [PMID: 31235595 PMCID: PMC6628806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821194116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in tumor cells mediated by neuropilins (NRPs) contributes to the aggressive nature of several cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), independently of its role in angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms by which VEGF-NRP signaling contributes to the phenotype of such cancers is a significant and timely problem. We report that VEGF-NRP2 promote homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1 wild-type TNBC cells by contributing to the expression and function of Rad51, an essential enzyme in the HR pathway that mediates efficient DNA double-strand break repair. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that VEGF-NRP2 stimulates YAP/TAZ-dependent Rad51 expression and that Rad51 is a direct YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional target. We also discovered that VEGF-NRP2-YAP/TAZ signaling contributes to the resistance of TNBC cells to cisplatin and that Rad51 rescues the defects in DNA repair upon inhibition of either VEGF-NRP2 or YAP/TAZ. These findings reveal roles for VEGF-NRP2 and YAP/TAZ in DNA repair, and they indicate a unified mechanism involving VEGF-NRP2, YAP/TAZ, and Rad51 that contributes to resistance to platinum chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer L Elaimy
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - John J Amante
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Mengdie Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Charlotte S Walmsley
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Thomas J FitzGerald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Hira Lal Goel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Arthur M Mercurio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605;
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207
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Bergstrand S, O'Brien EM, Farnebo M. The Cajal Body Protein WRAP53β Prepares the Scene for Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks by Regulating Local Ubiquitination. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:51. [PMID: 31334247 PMCID: PMC6624377 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper repair of DNA double-strand breaks is critical for maintaining genome integrity and avoiding disease. Modification of damaged chromatin has profound consequences for the initial signaling and regulation of repair. One such modification involves ubiquitination by E3 ligases RNF8 and RNF168 within minutes after DNA double-strand break formation, altering chromatin structure and recruiting factors such as 53BP1 and BRCA1 for repair via non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), respectively. The WD40 protein WRAP53β plays an essential role in localizing RNF8 to DNA breaks by scaffolding its interaction with the upstream factor MDC1. Loss of WRAP53β impairs ubiquitination at DNA lesions and reduces downstream repair by both NHEJ and HR. Intriguingly, WRAP53β depletion attenuates repair of DNA double-strand breaks more than depletion of RNF8, indicating functions other than RNF8-mediated ubiquitination. WRAP53β plays key roles with respect to the nuclear organelles Cajal bodies, including organizing the genome to promote associated transcription and collecting factors involved in maturation of the spliceosome and telomere elongation within these organelles. It is possible that similar functions may aid also in DNA repair. Here we describe the involvement of WRAP53β in Cajal bodies and DNA double-strand break repair in detail and explore whether and how these processes may be linked. We also discuss the possibility that the overexpression of WRAP53β detected in several cancer types may reflect its normal participation in the DNA damage response rather than oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bergstrand
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleanor M O'Brien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Farnebo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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208
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Scully R, Panday A, Elango R, Willis NA. DNA double-strand break repair-pathway choice in somatic mammalian cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:698-714. [PMID: 31263220 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The major pathways of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair are crucial for maintaining genomic stability. However, if deployed in an inappropriate cellular context, these same repair functions can mediate chromosome rearrangements that underlie various human diseases, ranging from developmental disorders to cancer. The two major mechanisms of DSB repair in mammalian cells are non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination. In this Review, we consider DSB repair-pathway choice in somatic mammalian cells as a series of 'decision trees', and explore how defective pathway choice can lead to genomic instability. Stalled, collapsed or broken DNA replication forks present a distinctive challenge to the DSB repair system. Emerging evidence suggests that the 'rules' governing repair-pathway choice at stalled replication forks differ from those at replication-independent DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Arvind Panday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajula Elango
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas A Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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209
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Daza-Martin M, Starowicz K, Jamshad M, Tye S, Ronson GE, MacKay HL, Chauhan AS, Walker AK, Stone HR, Beesley JFJ, Coles JL, Garvin AJ, Stewart GS, McCorvie TJ, Zhang X, Densham RM, Morris JR. Isomerization of BRCA1-BARD1 promotes replication fork protection. Nature 2019; 571:521-527. [PMID: 31270457 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of genomes is constantly threatened by problems encountered by the replication fork. BRCA1, BRCA2 and a subset of Fanconi anaemia proteins protect stalled replication forks from degradation by nucleases, through pathways that involve RAD51. The contribution and regulation of BRCA1 in replication fork protection, and how this role relates to its role in homologous recombination, is unclear. Here we show that BRCA1 in complex with BARD1, and not the canonical BRCA1-PALB2 interaction, is required for fork protection. BRCA1-BARD1 is regulated by a conformational change mediated by the phosphorylation-directed prolyl isomerase PIN1. PIN1 activity enhances BRCA1-BARD1 interaction with RAD51, thereby increasing the presence of RAD51 at stalled replication structures. We identify genetic variants of BRCA1-BARD1 in patients with cancer that exhibit poor protection of nascent strands but retain homologous recombination proficiency, thus defining domains of BRCA1-BARD1 that are required for fork protection and associated with cancer development. Together, these findings reveal a BRCA1-mediated pathway that governs replication fork protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Daza-Martin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohammed Jamshad
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Tye
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - George E Ronson
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hannah L MacKay
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandra K Walker
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen R Stone
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James F J Beesley
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer L Coles
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alexander J Garvin
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas J McCorvie
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth M Densham
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Joanna R Morris
- Birmingham Centre for Genome Biology and Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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210
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Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Ostadian C, Saei AA, Mihanfar A, Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Kaviani M, Samadi Kafil H, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. DNA damage response and repair in ovarian cancer: Potential targets for therapeutic strategies. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 80:59-84. [PMID: 31279973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecologic malignancies with a poor survival prognosis. The current therapeutic strategies involve surgery and chemotherapy. Research is now focused on novel agents especially those targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways. Understanding the DDR process in ovarian cancer necessitates having a detailed knowledge on a series of signaling mediators at the cellular and molecular levels. The complexity of the DDR process in ovarian cancer and how this process works in metastatic conditions is comprehensively reviewed. For evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic agents targeting DNA damage in ovarian cancer, we will discuss the components of this system including DDR sensors, DDR transducers, DDR mediators, and DDR effectors. The constituent pathways include DNA repair machinery, cell cycle checkpoints, and apoptotic pathways. We also will assess the potential of active mediators involved in the DDR process such as therapeutic and prognostic candidates that may facilitate future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Caspian Ostadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Saei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Ainaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden; Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular MedicineResearch Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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211
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Ogawa S, Yamada M, Nakamura A, Sugawara T, Nakamura A, Miyajima S, Harada Y, Ooka R, Okawa R, Miyauchi J, Tsumura H, Yoshimura Y, Miyado K, Akutsu H, Tanaka M, Umezawa A, Hamatani T. Zscan5b Deficiency Impairs DNA Damage Response and Causes Chromosomal Aberrations during Mitosis. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1366-1379. [PMID: 31155506 PMCID: PMC6565874 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) begins after fertilization and is essential for establishing pluripotency and genome stability. However, it is unclear how ZGA genes prevent mitotic errors. Here we show that knockout of the ZGA gene Zscan5b, which encodes a SCAN domain with C2H2 zinc fingers, causes a high incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and leads to the development of early-stage cancers. After irradiation, Zscan5b-deficient ESCs displayed significantly increased levels of γ-H2AX despite increased expression of the DNA repair genes Rad51l3 and Bard. Re-expression of Zscan5b reduced γ-H2AX content, implying a role for Zscan5b in DNA damage repair processes. A co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Zscan5b bound to the linker histone H1, suggesting that Zscan5b may protect chromosomal architecture. Our report demonstrates that the ZGA gene Zscan5b is involved in genomic integrity and acts to promote DNA damage repair and regulate chromatin dynamics during mitosis. Deficiency of zygotic genome activation gene Zscan5b causes chromosomal anomalies Zscan5b binds to linker histone H1 and protects chromosomal structure Irradiated Zscan5b-deficient ESCs show significantly increased DNA stress markers Zscan5b-deficient ESCs develop small choriocarcinomas and embryonal carcinomas
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugawara
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akari Nakamura
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shoko Miyajima
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuichirou Harada
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Reina Ooka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Okawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Miyauchi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Saitama Municipal Hospital, 2460 Midori-ku, Saitama, Saitama-ken 336-8522, Japan
| | - Hideki Tsumura
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyado
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Toshio Hamatani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Deveryshetty J, Peterlini T, Ryzhikov M, Brahiti N, Dellaire G, Masson JY, Korolev S. Novel RNA and DNA strand exchange activity of the PALB2 DNA binding domain and its critical role for DNA repair in cells. eLife 2019; 8:44063. [PMID: 31017574 PMCID: PMC6533086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BReast Cancer Associated proteins 1 and 2 (BRCA1, -2) and Partner and Localizer of BRCA2 (PALB2) protein are tumour suppressors linked to a spectrum of malignancies, including breast cancer and Fanconi anemia. PALB2 coordinates functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 during homology-directed repair (HDR) and interacts with several chromatin proteins. In addition to protein scaffold function, PALB2 binds DNA. The functional role of this interaction is poorly understood. We identified a major DNA-binding site of PALB2, mutations in which reduce RAD51 foci formation and the overall HDR efficiency in cells by 50%. PALB2 N-terminal DNA-binding domain (N-DBD) stimulates the function of RAD51 recombinase. Surprisingly, it possesses the strand exchange activity without RAD51. Moreover, N-DBD stimulates the inverse strand exchange and can use DNA and RNA substrates. Our data reveal a versatile DNA interaction property of PALB2 and demonstrate a critical role of PALB2 DNA binding for chromosome repair in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaigeeth Deveryshetty
- Edward A Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Thibaut Peterlini
- Genome Stability LaboratoryCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research CenterQuébec CityCanada
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Edward A Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Nadine Brahiti
- Genome Stability LaboratoryCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research CenterQuébec CityCanada
| | | | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability LaboratoryCHU de Québec-Université Laval, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research CenterQuébec CityCanada
| | - Sergey Korolev
- Edward A Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySaint Louis University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
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213
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Zhao W, Wiese C, Kwon Y, Hromas R, Sung P. The BRCA Tumor Suppressor Network in Chromosome Damage Repair by Homologous Recombination. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 88:221-245. [PMID: 30917004 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes predispose afflicted individuals to breast, ovarian, and other cancers. The BRCA-encoded products form complexes with other tumor suppressor proteins and with the recombinase enzyme RAD51 to mediate chromosome damage repair by homologous recombination and also to protect stressed DNA replication forks against spurious nucleolytic attrition. Understanding how the BRCA tumor suppressor network executes its biological functions would provide the foundation for developing targeted cancer therapeutics, but progress in this area has been greatly hampered by the challenge of obtaining purified BRCA complexes for mechanistic studies. In this article, we review how recent effort begins to overcome this technical challenge, leading to functional and structural insights into the biochemical attributes of these complexes and the multifaceted roles that they fulfill in genome maintenance. We also highlight the major mechanistic questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA; ,
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA; ,
| | - Robert Hromas
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA; ,
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214
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The deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 regulates homologous recombination repair and cancer cell response to PARP inhibitors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1224. [PMID: 30874560 PMCID: PMC6420636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) selectively kill breast and ovarian cancers with defects in homologous recombination (HR) caused by BRCA1/2 mutations. There is also clinical evidence for the utility of PARPi in breast and ovarian cancers without BRCA mutations, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here, we report that the deubiquitylating enzyme USP15 affects cancer cell response to PARPi by regulating HR. Mechanistically, USP15 is recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by MDC1, which requires the FHA domain of MDC1 and phosphorylated Ser678 of USP15. Subsequently, USP15 deubiquitinates BARD1 BRCT domain, and promotes BARD1-HP1γ interaction, resulting in BRCA1/BARD1 retention at DSBs. USP15 knockout mice exhibit genomic instability in vivo. Furthermore, cancer-associated USP15 mutations, with decreased USP15-BARD1 interaction, increases PARP inhibitor sensitivity in cancer cells. Thus, our results identify a novel regulator of HR, which is a potential biomarker for therapeutic treatment using PARP inhibitors in cancers. Deubiquitinases have been shown to be involved in double strand break repair pathways. Here the authors reveal that USP15 deybiquitinase plays a role in homologues recombination repair by targeting BARD1 and affecting cells response to PARP inhibitors.
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215
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Long-term Outcome After Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide Overdose in a Patient With Osteosarcoma and BARD1 Mutation. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2019; 41:e94-e96. [PMID: 30045149 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma consists of preoperative chemotherapy, typically using some combination of doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, and/or high-dose methotrexate followed by surgical resection. In this report, we present a case of a 21-year-old woman with high-grade osteosarcoma of the chest wall who received 5 times the planned dose of doxorubin and 4 times the planned dose of ifosfamide. She survived this chemotherapy overdose after administration of dimethyl sulfoxide and phenobarbital. Despite the administration of 5 times the proposed dose of doxorubicin, the patient survived without cardiotoxicity, and later delivered a normal baby. Although there are many studies evaluating treatment for chemotherapy regimen-related toxicity, sparse data exist with respect to chemotherapy overdose and the appropriate course of action. This case further confirms the lower cardiotoxicity of continuous intravenous infusion of doxorubicin and provides support for the use of dimethyl sulfoxide in the prevention of toxicity in chemotherapy overdose.
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216
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217
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Wang Z, Zuo W, Zeng Q, Qian Y, Li Y, Liu C, Wang J, Zhong S, Bu Y, Hu G. Loss of NFBD1/MDC1 disrupts homologous recombination repair and sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to PARP inhibitors. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:14. [PMID: 30717758 PMCID: PMC6360700 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly invasive tumor, exhibits a distinctive racial and geographic distribution. As options of agents for effective combination chemoradiotherapy for advanced NPC are limited, novel therapeutic approaches are desperately needed. Here the potential of silencing NFBD1 in combination with PARP inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for NPC was investigated. METHODS To investigate the function of NFBD1, we created NFBD1-depleted NPC cell lines via lentivirus mediated shRNA, and the colony formation, MTS assay, comet assay and apoptosis analysis were used to evaluate the sensitivity of NFBD1 knockdown on PARP inhibition. The signaling change was assessed by western blot, Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Furthermore, Xenografts model was used to evaluate the role of silencing NFBD1 in combination with PARP inhibition. RESULTS We find that silencing NFBD1 in combination with PARP inhibition significantly inhibits the cell proliferation and cell cycle checkpoint activity, and increases the apoptosis and DNA damage. Mechanistic studies reveal that NFBD1 loss blocks olaparib-induced homologous recombination repair by decreasing the formation of BRCA1, BRCA2 and RAD51 foci. Furthermore, the xenograft tumor model demonstrated significantly increases sensitivity towards PARP inhibition under NFBD1 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS We show that NFBD1 depletion may possess sensitizing effects of PARP inhibitor, and consequently offers novel therapeutic options for a significant subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenqi Zuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Quan Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanshi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shixun Zhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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218
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do Amaral GCLS, Planello AC, Borgato G, de Lima DG, Guimarães GN, Marques MR, de Souza AP. 5-Aza-CdR promotes partial MGMT demethylation and modifies expression of different genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 127:425-432. [PMID: 30827853 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) vary, depending on the stage of diagnosis. Surgery and radiotherapy are options for localized lesions for stage I patients, whereas chemotherapy is the main treatment for metastatic OSCC. However, aggressive tumors can relapse, frequently causing death. In an attempt to address this, novel treatment protocols using drugs that alter the epigenetic profile have emerged as an alternative to control tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, the objective in this study was to investigate the effect of the demethylating drug 5-aza-CdR in SCC9 OSCC cells. STUDY DESIGN SCC9 cells were treated with 5-Aza-CdR at concentrations of 0.3μM and 2μM for 24hours and 48hours. DNA methylation of the MGMT, BRCA1, APC, c-MYC, and hTERT genes were investigated by using the methylation-specific high-resolution melting technique. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to analyze gene expression. RESULTS 5-Aza-CdR promoted demethylation of MGMT and modified the transcription of all analyzed genes. Curiously, 5-aza-CdR at the concentration of 0.3μM was more efficient than 2μM in SCC9 cells. CONCLUSIONS We observed that 5-aza-CdR led to MGMT demethylation, upregulated the transcription of 3 important tumor suppressor genes, and promoted the downregulation of c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C L S do Amaral
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline C Planello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriell Borgato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Dieila Giomo de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo N Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil.
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219
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Abstract
Polyamines, often elevated in cancer cells, have been shown to promote cell growth and proliferation. Whether polyamines regulate other cell functions remains unclear. Here, we explore whether and how polyamines affect genome integrity. When DNA double-strand break (DSB) is induced in hair follicles by ionizing radiation, reduction of cellular polyamines augments dystrophic changes with delayed regeneration. Mechanistically, polyamines facilitate homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair without affecting repair via non-homologous DNA end-joining and single-strand DNA annealing. Biochemical reconstitution and functional analyses demonstrate that polyamines enhance the DNA strand exchange activity of RAD51 recombinase. The effect of polyamines on RAD51 stems from their ability to enhance the capture of homologous duplex DNA and synaptic complex formation by the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament. Our work demonstrates a novel function of polyamines in the maintenance of genome integrity via homology-directed DNA repair. The maintenance polyamines homeostasis is important for cell growth, and several cancers harbor elevated levels of polyamines that may contribute to sustained proliferative potential. Here the authors demonstrate that polyamines participate in DNA double-strand break repair through the stimulation of RAD51-mediated homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange.
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220
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Klein HL, Ang KKH, Arkin MR, Beckwitt EC, Chang YH, Fan J, Kwon Y, Morten MJ, Mukherjee S, Pambos OJ, El Sayyed H, Thrall ES, Vieira-da-Rocha JP, Wang Q, Wang S, Yeh HY, Biteen JS, Chi P, Heyer WD, Kapanidis AN, Loparo JJ, Strick TR, Sung P, Van Houten B, Niu H, Rothenberg E. Guidelines for DNA recombination and repair studies: Mechanistic assays of DNA repair processes. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:65-101. [PMID: 30652106 PMCID: PMC6334232 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.01.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomes are constantly in flux, undergoing changes due to recombination, repair and mutagenesis. In vivo, many of such changes are studies using reporters for specific types of changes, or through cytological studies that detect changes at the single-cell level. Single molecule assays, which are reviewed here, can detect transient intermediates and dynamics of events. Biochemical assays allow detailed investigation of the DNA and protein activities of each step in a repair, recombination or mutagenesis event. Each type of assay is a powerful tool but each comes with its particular advantages and limitations. Here the most commonly used assays are reviewed, discussed, and presented as the guidelines for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Klein
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kenny K H Ang
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Small Molecule Discovery Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Emily C Beckwitt
- Program in Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, NO. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jun Fan
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Michael J Morten
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sucheta Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Oliver J Pambos
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Hafez El Sayyed
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Thrall
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - João P Vieira-da-Rocha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Shuang Wang
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité F-75205 Paris, France
| | - Hsin-Yi Yeh
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, NO. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Julie S Biteen
- Departments of Chemistry and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, NO. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Heyer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Achillefs N Kapanidis
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Joseph J Loparo
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Terence R Strick
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, UMR7592, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité F-75205 Paris, France.,Programme Equipe Labellisées, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Program in Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Program in Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hengyao Niu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
DNA damage possesses the capacity to threaten the genomic integrity of an organism. A multitude of proteins are involved in the detection and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a severe kind of DNA damage. The function of DNA repair proteins can be examined by biochemical assays in vitro as well as in cell-based studies. The Ca2+-binding protein S100A11 shows functional interactions with factors involved in the repair of DSBs by homologous recombination (HR), a high-fidelity DNA repair pathway, such as RAD51 and RAD54B. The key enzyme of the homologous recombination repair is RAD51 that catalyzes the invasion of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) containing homologous regions and the exchange of these DNA molecules generating heteroduplex DNA (hDNA). In this chapter, we describe a protocol for the purification of S100A11 to near homogeneity. Using purified proteins, we show the ability of S100A11 to stimulate RAD51 in a DNA strand exchange assay. Additionally, we describe a protocol how S100A11 can be localized in sites of DNA repair by immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, we present a protocol for assessment of chromosomal aberrations after depletion of S100A11 that illustrate the apparent involvement of S100A11 in genome integrity.
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222
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Zhong Q, Hu Z, Li Q, Yi T, Li J, Yang H. Cyclin D1 silencing impairs DNA double strand break repair, sensitizes BRCA1 wildtype ovarian cancer cells to olaparib. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 152:157-165. [PMID: 30414739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are active in cancer cells that have impaired repair of DNA by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Strategies that disrupt HR may sensitize HR-proficient tumors to PARP inhibition. As a component of the core cell cycle machinery, cyclin D1 has unexpected function in DNA repair, suggesting that targeting cyclin D1 may represent a plausible strategy for expanding the utility of PARPi in ovarian cancer. METHODS BRCA1 wildtype ovarian cancer cells (A2780 and SKOV3) were treated with a combination of CCND1 siRNA and olaparib in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT. The effects of the combined treatment on DNA damage repair and cell cycle progression were examined to dissect molecular mechanisms. In vivo studies were performed in an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model. Animals were treated with a combination of lentivirus-mediated CCND1 shRNA and olaparib or olaparib plus scrambled shRNA. Molecular downstream effects were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Silencing of cyclin D1 sensitized ovarian cancer cells to olaparib through interfering with RAD51 accumulation and inducing cell cycle G0/G1 arrest. Treatment of lentivirus-mediated CCND1-shRNA in nude mice statistically significantly augmented the olaparib response (mean tumor weight ± SD, CCND1-shRNA plus olaparib vs scrambled shRNA plus olaparib: 0.172 ± 0.070 g vs 0.324 ± 0.044 g, P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Silencing of cyclin D1 combined with olaparib may lead to substantial benefit for ovarian cancer management by mimicking a BRCAness phenotype, and induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiao Li
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tao Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jinke Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hanshuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, PR China.
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223
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Li Q, Saito TT, Martinez-Garcia M, Deshong AJ, Nadarajan S, Lawrence KS, Checchi PM, Colaiacovo MP, Engebrecht J. The tumor suppressor BRCA1-BARD1 complex localizes to the synaptonemal complex and regulates recombination under meiotic dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007701. [PMID: 30383767 PMCID: PMC6211623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) and binding partner BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) form an essential E3 ubiquitin ligase important for DNA damage repair and homologous recombination. The Caenorhabditis elegans orthologs, BRC-1 and BRD-1, also function in DNA damage repair, homologous recombination, as well as in meiosis. Using functional GFP fusions we show that in mitotically-dividing germ cells BRC-1 and BRD-1 are nucleoplasmic with enrichment at foci that partially overlap with the recombinase RAD-51. Co-localization with RAD-51 is enhanced under replication stress. As cells enter meiosis, BRC-1-BRD-1 remains nucleoplasmic and in foci, and beginning in mid-pachytene the complex co-localizes with the synaptonemal complex. Following establishment of the single asymmetrically positioned crossover on each chromosome pair, BRC-1-BRD-1 concentrates to the short arm of the bivalent. Localization dependencies reveal that BRC-1 and BRD-1 are interdependent and the complex fails to properly localize in both meiotic recombination and chromosome synapsis mutants. Consistent with a role for BRC-1-BRD-1 in meiotic recombination in the context of the synaptonemal complex, inactivation of BRC-1 or BRD-1 enhances the embryonic lethality of mutants defective in chromosome synapsis. Our data suggest that under meiotic dysfunction, BRC-1-BRD-1 stabilizes the RAD-51 filament and alters the recombination landscape; these two functions can be genetically separated from BRC-1-BRD-1's role in the DNA damage response. Together, we propose that BRC-1-BRD-1 serves a checkpoint function at the synaptonemal complex where it monitors and modulates meiotic recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis; Davis CA, United States of America
| | - Takamune T. Saito
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Alison J. Deshong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis; Davis CA, United States of America
| | | | - Katherine S. Lawrence
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis; Davis CA, United States of America
| | - Paula M. Checchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis; Davis CA, United States of America
| | - Monica P. Colaiacovo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis; Davis CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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224
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Tasaki E, Mitaka Y, Nozaki T, Kobayashi K, Matsuura K, Iuchi Y. High expression of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 in long-lived termite kings. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2668-2683. [PMID: 30312170 PMCID: PMC6224230 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the accumulation of DNA damage. High expression of DNA repair genes has been suggested to contribute to prolonged lifespan in several organisms. However, the crucial DNA repair genes contributing to longevity remain unknown. Termite kings have an extraordinary long lifespan compared with that of non-reproductive individuals such as workers despite being derived from the same genome, thus providing a singular model for identifying longevity-related genes. In this study, we demonstrated that termite kings express higher levels of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 than other castes. Using RNA sequencing, we identified 21 king-specific genes among 127 newly annotated DNA repair genes in the termite Reticulitermes speratus. Using quantitative PCR, we revealed that some of the highly expressed king-specific genes were significantly upregulated in reproductive tissue (testis) compared to their expression in somatic tissue (fat body). Notably, BRCA1 gene expression in the fat body was more than 4-fold higher in kings than in workers. These results suggest that BRCA1 partly contributes to DNA repair in somatic and reproductive tissues in termite kings. These findings provide important insights into the linkage between BRCA1 gene expression and the extraordinary lifespan of termite kings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Tasaki
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioresources Chemistry, The United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Equal contribution
| | - Yuki Mitaka
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Equal contribution
| | - Tomonari Nozaki
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Hokkaido Forest Research Station, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Hokkaido 088-2339, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuura
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Iuchi
- Department of Applied Bioresources Chemistry, The United Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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225
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Vattulainen-Collanus S, Southwood M, Yang XD, Moore S, Ghatpande P, Morrell NW, Lagna G, Hata A. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is required for RAD51-mediated maintenance of genome integrity in vascular endothelial cells. Commun Biol 2018; 1:149. [PMID: 30272025 PMCID: PMC6155317 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of blood vessels is fundamental to vascular homeostasis. Inactivating mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type II (BMPR2) gene cause hereditary vascular disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, suggesting that BMPR2 and its downstream signaling pathway are pivotal to the maintenance of vascular integrity through an unknown molecular mechanism. Here we report that inactivation of BMPR2 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells results in a deficit of RAD51, an enzyme essential for DNA repair and replication. Loss of RAD51, which causes DNA damage and cell death, is also detected in animal models and human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Restoration of BMPR2 or activation of the BMP signaling pathway rescues RAD51 and prevents DNA damage. This is an unexpected role of BMP signaling in preventing the accumulation of DNA damage and the concomitant loss of endothelial integrity and vascular remodeling associated with vascular disorders. Sanna Vattulainen-Collanus et al. report that mutations in the BMPR2 gene, which is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension, result in a deficit of RAD51 and altered DNA repair and replication. They were able to rescue the RAD51-deficient phenotype by restoring BMPR2 activity in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Vattulainen-Collanus
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
| | - Mark Southwood
- Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everad, Cambridge, CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Xu Dong Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stephen Moore
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Prajakta Ghatpande
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrook's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Giorgio Lagna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA.
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226
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Jab1/Cops5 contributes to chemoresistance in breast cancer by regulating Rad51. Cell Signal 2018; 53:39-48. [PMID: 30244171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Jab1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients, suggestting that targeting the aberrant Jab1 signaling in breast cancer could be a promising strategy. In the current study, we investigate the hypothesis that Jab1 positively regulates the DNA repair protein Rad51 and, in turn, the cellular response of breast cancer to chemotherapy with adriamycin and cisplatin. High-throughput mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data from 113 normal and 1109 tumor tissues (obtained from TCGA) were integrated to our analysis to give further support to our findings. We found that Jab1 was overexpressed in adriamycin-resistant breast cancer cell MCF-7R compared with parental MCF-7 cells, and that knockdown of Jab1 expression conferred cellular sensitivity to adriamycin and cisplatin both in vivo and in vitro. By contrast, exogenous Jab1 expression enhanced the resistance of breast cancer cells to adriamycin and cisplatin. Moreover, we discovered that Jab1 positively regulated Rad51 in p53-dependent manner and that overexpression of Rad51 conferred cellular resistance to adriamycin and cisplatin in Jab1-deficient cells. Data from TCGA further validated an correlation between Jab1 and Rad51 in breast cancer, and elevated Jab1 and Rad51 associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Our findings indicate that Jab1 association with Rad51 plays an important role in cellular response to chemotherapy in breast cancer.
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227
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Su D, Ma S, Shan L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Cao C, Liu B, Yang C, Wang L, Tian S, Ding X, Liu X, Yu N, Song N, Liu L, Yang S, Zhang Q, Yang F, Zhang K, Shi L. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 sustains DNA damage response and promotes cervical carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4280-4296. [PMID: 30179224 DOI: 10.1172/jci120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to the recognition, signaling, and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1), the interplay of which is essential for initiation and amplification of the DNA damage response (DDR). The intrinsic rule governing the regulation of the function of this molecular machinery remains to be investigated. We report here that the ubiquitin-specific protease USP7 was physically associated with the MRN-MDC1 complex and that the MRN-MDC1 complex acted as a platform for USP7 to efficiently deubiquitinate and stabilize MDC1, thereby sustaining the DDR. Accordingly, depletion of USP7 impaired the engagement of the MRN-MDC1 complex and the consequent recruitment of the downstream factors p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and breast cancer protein 1 (BRCA1) at DNA lesions. Significantly, USP7 was overexpressed in cervical cancer, and the level of its expression positively correlated with that of MDC1 and worse survival rates for patients with cervical cancer. We demonstrate that USP7-mediated MDC1 stabilization promoted cervical cancer cell survival and conferred cellular resistance to genotoxic insults. Together, our study reveals a role for USP7 in regulating the function of the MRN-MDC1 complex and activity of the DDR, supporting the pursuit of USP7 as a potential therapeutic target for MDC1-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wang
- Core Facilities for Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Tian
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Yu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Song
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shangda Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Shi
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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228
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Chen ES. Targeting epigenetics using synthetic lethality in precision medicine. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3381-3392. [PMID: 30003270 PMCID: PMC11105276 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2866-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Technological breakthroughs in genomics have had a significant impact on clinical therapy for human diseases, allowing us to use patient genetic differences to guide medical care. The "synthetic lethal approach" leverages on cancer-specific genetic rewiring to deliver a therapeutic regimen that preferentially targets malignant cells while sparing normal cells. The utility of this system is evident in several recent studies, particularly in poor prognosis cancers with loss-of-function mutations that become "treatable" when two otherwise discrete and unrelated genes are targeted simultaneously. This review focuses on the chemotherapeutic targeting of epigenetic alterations in cancer cells and consolidates a network that outlines the interplay between epigenetic and genetic regulators in DNA damage repair. This network consists of numerous synergistically acting relationships that are druggable, even in recalcitrant triple-negative breast cancer. This collective knowledge points to the dawn of a new era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Sin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
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229
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Liao H, Ji F, Helleday T, Ying S. Mechanisms for stalled replication fork stabilization: new targets for synthetic lethality strategies in cancer treatments. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846263. [PMID: 30108055 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely and faithful duplication of the entire genome depends on completion of replication. Replication forks frequently encounter obstacles that may cause genotoxic fork stalling. Nevertheless, failure to complete replication rarely occurs under normal conditions, which is attributed to an intricate network of proteins that serves to stabilize, repair and restart stalled forks. Indeed, many of the components in this network are encoded by tumour suppressor genes, and their loss of function by mutation or deletion generates genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Paradoxically, the same fork-protective network also confers resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs that induce high-level replication stress. Here, we review the mechanisms and major pathways rescuing stalled replication forks, with a focus on fork stabilization preventing fork collapse. A coherent understanding of how cells protect their replication forks will not only provide insight into how cells maintain genome stability, but also unravel potential therapeutic targets for cancers refractory to conventional chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liao
- Department of Pharmacology & Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Pharmacology & Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden .,Sheffield Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology & Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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230
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Heeke AL, Pishvaian MJ, Lynce F, Xiu J, Brody JR, Chen WJ, Baker TM, Marshall JL, Isaacs C. Prevalence of Homologous Recombination-Related Gene Mutations Across Multiple Cancer Types. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2018. [PMID: 30234181 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prevalence of homologous recombination DNA damage repair (HR-DDR) deficiencies among all tumor lineages is not well characterized. Therapy directed toward homologous recombination DDR deficiency (HRD) is now approved in ovarian and breast cancer, and there may be additional opportunities for benefit for patients with other cancers. Comprehensive evaluations for HRD are limited in part by the lack of a uniform, cost-effective method for testing and defining HRD. Methods Molecular profiles of 52,426 tumors were reviewed to identify pathogenic mutations in the HR-DDR genes ARID1A, ATM, ATRX, BAP1, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1/2, BRIP1, CHEK1/2, FANCA/C/D2/E/F/G/L, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51B, or WRN. From solid tumors submitted to Caris Life Sciences, molecular profiles were generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS; average read depth, 500×). A total of 17,566 tumors were sequenced with NGS600 (n = 592 genes), and 34,860 tumors underwent hotspot Illumina MiSeq platform testing (n = 47 genes). Results Of the tumors that underwent NGS600 testing, the overall frequency of HRDDR mutations detected was 17.4%, and the most commonly mutated lineages were endometrial (34.4%; n = 1,475), biliary tract (28.9%; n = 343), bladder (23.9%; n = 201), hepatocellular (20.9%; n = 115), gastroesophageal (20.8%; n = 619), and ovarian (20.0%; n = 2,489). Least commonly mutated lineages included GI stromal (3.7%; n = 108), head and neck (6.8%; n = 206), and sarcoma (9.3%; n = 592). ARID1A was the most commonly mutated gene (7.2%), followed by BRCA2 (3.0%), BRCA1 (2.8%), ATM (1.3%), ATRX (1.3%), and CHEK2 (1.3%). Conclusions HR-DDR mutations were seen in 17.4% of tumors across 21 cancer lineages, providing a path to explore the role of HRD-directed therapies, including poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, DNA-damaging chemotherapies, and newer agents such as ATR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L Heeke
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael J Pishvaian
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wang-Juh Chen
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tabari M Baker
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John L Marshall
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Arielle L. Heeke, Michael J. Pishvaian, Filipa Lynce, John L. Marshall, Claudine Isaacs, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, Joanne Xiu, Wang-Juh Chen, Tabari M. Baker, Caris Life Sciences, Inc., Phoenix, AZ; and Jonathan R. Brody, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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231
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Willis NA, Panday A, Duffey EE, Scully R. Rad51 recruitment and exclusion of non-homologous end joining during homologous recombination at a Tus/Ter mammalian replication fork barrier. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007486. [PMID: 30024881 PMCID: PMC6067765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical non-homologous end joining (C-NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) compete to repair mammalian chromosomal double strand breaks (DSBs). However, C-NHEJ has no impact on HR induced by DNA nicking enzymes. In this case, the replication fork is thought to convert the DNA nick into a one-ended DSB, which lacks a readily available partner for C-NHEJ. Whether C-NHEJ competes with HR at a non-enzymatic mammalian replication fork barrier (RFB) remains unknown. We previously showed that conservative "short tract" gene conversion (STGC) induced by a chromosomal Tus/Ter RFB is a product of bidirectional replication fork stalling. This finding raises the possibility that Tus/Ter-induced STGC proceeds via a two-ended DSB intermediate. If so, Tus/Ter-induced STGC might be subject to competition by C-NHEJ. However, in contrast to the DSB response, where genetic ablation of C-NHEJ stimulates HR, we report here that Tus/Ter-induced HR is unaffected by deletion of either of two C-NHEJ genes, Xrcc4 or Ku70. These results show that Tus/Ter-induced HR does not entail the formation of a two-ended DSB to which C-NHEJ has competitive access. We found no evidence that the alternative end-joining factor, DNA polymerase θ, competes with Tus/Ter-induced HR. We used chromatin-immunoprecipitation to compare Rad51 recruitment to a Tus/Ter RFB and to a neighboring site-specific DSB. Rad51 accumulation at Tus/Ter was more intense and more sustained than at a DSB. In contrast to the DSB response, Rad51 accumulation at Tus/Ter was restricted to within a few hundred base pairs of the RFB. Taken together, these findings suggest that the major DNA structures that bind Rad51 at a Tus/Ter RFB are not conventional DSBs. We propose that Rad51 acts as an "early responder" at stalled forks, binding single stranded daughter strand gaps on the arrested lagging strand, and that Rad51-mediated fork remodeling generates HR intermediates that are incapable of Ku binding and therefore invisible to the C-NHEJ machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arvind Panday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Duffey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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232
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Syed A, Tainer JA. The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 Complex Conducts the Orchestration of Damage Signaling and Outcomes to Stress in DNA Replication and Repair. Annu Rev Biochem 2018; 87:263-294. [PMID: 29709199 PMCID: PMC6076887 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability in disease and its fidelity in health depend on the DNA damage response (DDR), regulated in part from the complex of meiotic recombination 11 homolog 1 (MRE11), ATP-binding cassette-ATPase (RAD50), and phosphopeptide-binding Nijmegen breakage syndrome protein 1 (NBS1). The MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex forms a multifunctional DDR machine. Within its network assemblies, MRN is the core conductor for the initial and sustained responses to DNA double-strand breaks, stalled replication forks, dysfunctional telomeres, and viral DNA infection. MRN can interfere with cancer therapy and is an attractive target for precision medicine. Its conformations change the paradigm whereby kinases initiate damage sensing. Delineated results reveal kinase activation, posttranslational targeting, functional scaffolding, conformations storing binding energy and enabling access, interactions with hub proteins such as replication protein A (RPA), and distinct networks at DNA breaks and forks. MRN biochemistry provides prototypic insights into how it initiates, implements, and regulates multifunctional responses to genomic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Syed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; ,
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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233
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Mendez-Dorantes C, Bhargava R, Stark JM. Repeat-mediated deletions can be induced by a chromosomal break far from a repeat, but multiple pathways suppress such rearrangements. Genes Dev 2018; 32:524-536. [PMID: 29636371 PMCID: PMC5959236 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311084.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, Mendez-Dorantes et al. investigated how far a chromosomal double-strand break (DSB) can be positioned from a repeat sequence to induce repeat-mediated rearrangements in mammalian cells. Using a novel reporter assay in mouse embryonic stem cells, they found that a DSB separated from the 3′ repeat by 28.4 kb can still substantially induce RMDs, indicating that a DSB is sufficient to induce RMDs at a relatively far distance. Chromosomal deletion rearrangements mediated by repetitive elements often involve repeats separated by several kilobases and sequences that are divergent. While such rearrangements are likely induced by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), it has been unclear how the proximity of DSBs relative to repeat sequences affects the frequency of such events. We generated a reporter assay in mouse cells for a deletion rearrangement involving repeats separated by 0.4 Mb. We induced this repeat-mediated deletion (RMD) rearrangement with two DSBs: the 5′ DSB that is just downstream from the first repeat and the 3′ DSB that is varying distances upstream of the second repeat. Strikingly, we found that increasing the 3′ DSB/repeat distance from 3.3 kb to 28.4 kb causes only a modest decrease in rearrangement frequency. We also found that RMDs are suppressed by KU70 and RAD51 and promoted by RAD52, CtIP, and BRCA1. In addition, we found that 1%–3% sequence divergence substantially suppresses these rearrangements in a manner dependent on the mismatch repair factor MSH2, which is dominant over the suppressive role of KU70. We suggest that a DSB far from a repeat can stimulate repeat-mediated rearrangements, but multiple pathways suppress these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Ragini Bhargava
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Jeremy M Stark
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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234
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Wright WD, Shah SS, Heyer WD. Homologous recombination and the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10524-10535. [PMID: 29599286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination enables the cell to access and copy intact DNA sequence information in trans, particularly to repair DNA damage affecting both strands of the double helix. Here, we discuss the DNA transactions and enzymatic activities required for this elegantly orchestrated process in the context of the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in somatic cells. This includes homology search, DNA strand invasion, repair DNA synthesis, and restoration of intact chromosomes. Aspects of DNA topology affecting individual steps are highlighted. Overall, recombination is a dynamic pathway with multiple metastable and reversible intermediates designed to achieve DNA repair with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolf-Dietrich Heyer
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and .,Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-8665
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235
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Ranjha L, Howard SM, Cejka P. Main steps in DNA double-strand break repair: an introduction to homologous recombination and related processes. Chromosoma 2018; 127:187-214. [PMID: 29327130 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks arise accidentally upon exposure of DNA to radiation and chemicals or result from faulty DNA metabolic processes. DNA breaks can also be introduced in a programmed manner, such as during the maturation of the immune system, meiosis, or cancer chemo- or radiotherapy. Cells have developed a variety of repair pathways, which are fine-tuned to the specific needs of a cell. Accordingly, vegetative cells employ mechanisms that restore the integrity of broken DNA with the highest efficiency at the lowest cost of mutagenesis. In contrast, meiotic cells or developing lymphocytes exploit DNA breakage to generate diversity. Here, we review the main pathways of eukaryotic DNA double-strand break repair with the focus on homologous recombination and its various subpathways. We highlight the differences between homologous recombination and end-joining mechanisms including non-homologous end-joining and microhomology-mediated end-joining and offer insights into how these pathways are regulated. Finally, we introduce noncanonical functions of the recombination proteins, in particular during DNA replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lepakshi Ranjha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sean M Howard
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland. .,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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236
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Zhang S, Yuan H, Guo Y, Wang K, Wang X, Guo Z. Towards rational design of RAD51-targeting prodrugs: platinumIV–artesunate conjugates with enhanced cytotoxicity against BRCA-proficient ovarian and breast cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11717-11720. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06576d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PtIV–Artesunate prodrugs target the homologous recombination protein RAD51 and exhibit higher cytotoxicity against BRCA-proficient ovarian and breast cancer cells than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
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237
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Willis NA, Frock RL, Menghi F, Duffey EE, Panday A, Camacho V, Hasty EP, Liu ET, Alt FW, Scully R. Mechanism of tandem duplication formation in BRCA1-mutant cells. Nature 2017; 551:590-595. [PMID: 29168504 PMCID: PMC5728692 DOI: 10.1038/nature24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small, approximately 10-kilobase microhomology-mediated tandem duplications are abundant in the genomes of BRCA1-linked but not BRCA2-linked breast cancer. Here we define the mechanism underlying this rearrangement signature. We show that, in primary mammalian cells, BRCA1, but not BRCA2, suppresses the formation of tandem duplications at a site-specific chromosomal replication fork barrier imposed by the binding of Tus proteins to an array of Ter sites. BRCA1 has no equivalent role at chromosomal double-stranded DNA breaks, indicating that tandem duplications form specifically at stalled forks. Tandem duplications in BRCA1 mutant cells arise by a replication restart-bypass mechanism terminated by end joining or by microhomology-mediated template switching, the latter forming complex tandem duplication breakpoints. Solitary DNA ends form directly at Tus-Ter, implicating misrepair of these lesions in tandem duplication formation. Furthermore, BRCA1 inactivation is strongly associated with ~10 kilobase tandem duplications in ovarian cancer. This tandem duplicator phenotype may be a general signature of BRCA1-deficient cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Willis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L. Frock
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Menghi
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erin E. Duffey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arvind Panday
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Virginia Camacho
- Department of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E. Paul Hasty
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Edison T. Liu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Frederick W. Alt
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Scully
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology and Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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238
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