201
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Dery S, Kim S, Haddad D, Cossaro A, Verdini A, Floreano L, Toste FD, Gross E. Identifying site-dependent reactivity in oxidation reactions on single Pt particles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6523-6531. [PMID: 30310583 PMCID: PMC6115685 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01956h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IR nanospectroscopy measurements revealed the influence of oxidizing reaction conditions on the reactivity of different surface sites on Pt particles.
Catalytic nanoparticles are heterogeneous in their nature and even within the simplest particle various surface sites exist and influence the catalytic reactivity. Thus, detailed chemical information at the nanoscale is essential for understanding how surface properties and reaction conditions direct the reactivity of different surface sites of catalytic nanoparticles. In this work, hydroxyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene molecules (NHCs) were anchored to the surface of Pt particles and utilized as chemical markers to detect reactivity variations between different surface sites under liquid and gas phase oxidizing conditions. Differences in the chemical reactivity of surface-anchored NHCs were identified using synchrotron-radiation-based infrared nanospectroscopy with a spatial resolution of 20 nanometers. By conducting IR nanospectroscopy measurements, along with complementary spatially averaged IR and X-ray spectroscopy measurements, we identified that enhanced reactivity occurred on the particles' periphery under both gas and liquid phase oxidizing conditions. Under gas phase reaction conditions the NHCs' hydroxyl functional groups underwent preferential oxidization to the acid along the perimeter of the particle. Exposure of the sample to harsher, liquid phase oxidizing conditions induced modification of the NHCs, which was mostly identified at the particle's periphery. Analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements revealed that exposure of the sample to oxidizing conditions induced aromatization of the NHCs, presumably due to oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, along with reorientation of the NHCs from perpendicular to parallel to the Pt surface. These results, based on single particle measurements, demonstrate the high reactivity of surface sites that are located at the nanoparticle's periphery and the influence of reaction conditions on site-dependent reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel . .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - David Haddad
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel . .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Albano Cossaro
- CNR-IOM , Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza SS-14 , Trieste 34012 , Italy
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM , Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza SS-14 , Trieste 34012 , Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM , Laboratorio Nazionale TASC , Basovizza SS-14 , Trieste 34012 , Italy
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , USA .
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel . .,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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202
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Li Z, Munro K, Narouz MR, Lau A, Hao H, Crudden CM, Horton JH. Self-Assembled N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Based Carboxymethylated Dextran Monolayers on Gold as a Tunable Platform for Designing Affinity-Capture Biosensor Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17560-17570. [PMID: 29741868 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensor surfaces play a predominant role in the development of optical biosensor technologies for the analysis of biomolecular interactions. Thiol-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold have been widely used as linker layers for sensor surfaces. However, the degradation of the thiol-gold bond can limit the performance and durability of such surfaces, directly impacting their performance and cost-effectiveness. To this end, a new family of materials based on N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has emerged as an alternative for surface modification, capable of self-assembling onto a gold surface with higher affinity and superior stability as compared to the thiol-based systems. Here we demonstrate three applications of NHC SAMs supporting a dextran layer as a tunable platform for developing various affinity-capture biosensor surfaces. We describe the development and testing of NHC-based dextran biosensor surfaces modified with each of streptavidin, nitrilotriacetic acid, and recombinant Protein A. These affinity-capture sensor surfaces enable oriented binding of ligands for optimal performance in biomolecular assays. Together, the intrinsic high stability and flexible design of the NHC biosensing platforms show great promise and open up exciting possibilities for future biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongxia Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science , China University of Political Science and Law , Beijing 100088 , China
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Institute for Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM-WPI) , Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
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203
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Kaeffer N, Liu HJ, Lo HK, Fedorov A, Copéret C. An N-heterocyclic carbene ligand promotes highly selective alkyne semihydrogenation with copper nanoparticles supported on passivated silica. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5366-5371. [PMID: 30009008 PMCID: PMC6009536 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01924j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of an N-heterocyclic carbene to Cu nanoparticles on passivated silica enables high selectivity in alkyne semihydrogenation.
We report a surface organometallic route that generates copper nanoparticles (NPs) on a silica support while simultaneously passivating the silica surface with trimethylsiloxy groups. The material is active for the catalytic semihydrogenation of phenylalkyl-, dialkyl- and diaryl-alkynes and displays high chemo- and stereoselectivity at full alkyne conversion to corresponding (Z)-olefins in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy using the NHC ligand 13C-labeled at the carbenic carbon reveals a genuine coordination of the carbene to Cu NPs. The presence of distinct Cu surface environments and the coordination of the NHC to specific Cu sites likely account for the increased selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaeffer
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Hsueh-Ju Liu
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Hung-Kun Lo
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland . ;
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland . ;
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204
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205
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Bridonneau N, Hippolyte L, Mercier D, Portehault D, Desage-El Murr M, Marcus P, Fensterbank L, Chanéac C, Ribot F. N-Heterocyclic carbene-stabilized gold nanoparticles with tunable sizes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6850-6859. [PMID: 29725678 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and straightforward synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-protected gold nanoparticles is derived from (benz)imidazolium-AuX4 complexes and NaBH4 only. The proposed method allows size tuning, from 3 to 6 nm, by adding (benz)imidazolium bromide. Changing the reducing agent to tBuNH2BH3 shifts the size range to ca. 6-12 nm. A one pot protocol is also reported from AuCl, (benz)imidazolium bromides and NaBH4, thereby providing an even more straightforward way of producing NHC-capped gold nanoparticles. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to unambiguously evidence, on the nanoparticles, the covalent bond formed between the NHC and the surface gold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bridonneau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France.
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206
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Anderson NC, Chen PE, Buckley AK, De Roo J, Owen JS. Stereoelectronic Effects on the Binding of Neutral Lewis Bases to CdSe Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7199-7205. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Peter. E. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Aya K. Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10027, United States
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207
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Miao H, Schmidt J, Heil T, Antonietti M, Willinger M, Guterman R. Formation and Properties of Poly(Ionic Liquid)-Carbene Nanogels Containing Individually Stabilized Silver Species. Chemistry 2018; 24:5754-5759. [PMID: 29508930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have the ability to undergo a variety of chemical reactions through an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) intermediate, which has expanded the chemical toolbox for new applications. Despite their uses and exploration, the carbene-forming properties and applications of their polymeric congeners, poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), is still underdeveloped. Herein, we explore the NHC-forming properties of a theophylline-derived PIL for nanogel synthesis. Using silver oxide as both the carbene-forming reagent and cross-linker, nanogels containing individually stabilized ions can be created with different sizes and morphology, including large "galaxy-like" superstructures. Using high-resolution TEM techniques, we directly observed the sub-nanometer structure of these constructs. These features combined exemplify the unique chemistry of poly-NHCs for single-metal-ion-stabilization nanogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Miao
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, MPI Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Functional Materials, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, MPI Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, MPI Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Willinger
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, MPI Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ryan Guterman
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, MPI Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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208
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Sarap CS, Adhikari B, Meng S, Uhlig F, Fyta M. Optical Properties of Single- and Double-Functionalized Small Diamondoids. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3583-3593. [PMID: 29488764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The rational control of the electronic and optical properties of small functionalized diamond-like molecules, the diamondoids, is the focus of this work. Specifically, we investigate the single- and double- functionalization of the lower diamondoids, adamantane, diamantane, and triamantane with -NH2 and -SH groups and extend the study to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) functionalization. On the basis of electronic structure calculations, we predict a significant change in the optical properties of these functionalized diamondoids. Our computations reveal that -NH2 functionalized diamondoids show UV photoluminescence similar to ideal diamondoids while -SH substituted diamondoids hinder the UV photoluminescence due to the labile nature of the S-H bond in the first excited state. This study also unveils that the UV photoluminescence nature of -NH2 diamondoids is quenched upon additional functionalization with the -SH group. The double-functionalized derivative can, thus, serve as a sensitive probe for biomolecule binding and sensing environmental changes. The preserved intrinsic properties of the NHC and the ideal diamondoid in NHC-functionalized-diamondoids suggests its utilization in diamondoid-based self-assembled monolayers (SAM), whose UV-photoluminescent signal would be determined entirely by the functionalized diamondoids. Our study aims to pave the path for tuning the properties of diamondoids through a selective choice of the type and number of functional groups. This will aid the realization of optoelectronic devices involving, for example, large-area SAM layers or diamondoid-functionalized electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shekar Sarap
- Institute for Computational Physics , Universität Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Bibek Adhikari
- Institute for Computational Physics , Universität Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Sheng Meng
- Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Zhongguancun , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute for Computational Physics , Universität Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Maria Fyta
- Institute for Computational Physics , Universität Stuttgart , Allmandring 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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209
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Abu-Saleh AAAA, Almatarneh MH, Poirier RA. Bimolecular reactions of carbenes: Proton transfer mechanism. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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210
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Lv A, Freitag M, Chepiga KM, Schäfer AH, Glorius F, Chi L. N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Treated Gold Surfaces in Pentacene Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Improved Stability and Contact at the Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4792-4796. [PMID: 29453805 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), which react with the surface of Au electrodes, have been successfully applied in pentacene transistors. With the application of NHCs, the charge-carrier mobility of pentacene transistors increased by five times, while the contact resistance at the pentacene-Au interface was reduced by 85 %. Even after annealing the NHC-Au electrodes at 200 °C for 2 h before pentacene deposition, the charge-carrier mobility of the pentacene transistors did not decrease. The distinguished performance makes NHCs as excellent alternatives to thiols as metal modifiers for the application in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Lv
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Renai Rd. 199, Suzhou, 215123, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathryn M Chepiga
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Renai Rd. 199, Suzhou, 215123, China
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211
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Cao Z, Derrick JS, Xu J, Gao R, Gong M, Nichols EM, Smith PT, Liu X, Wen X, Copéret C, Chang CJ. Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Enable Tuning of Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction to Formate and Carbon Monoxide: Surface Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4981-4985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Derrick
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eva M. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xingwu Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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212
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Cao Z, Derrick JS, Xu J, Gao R, Gong M, Nichols EM, Smith PT, Liu X, Wen X, Copéret C, Chang CJ. Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Enable Tuning of Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction to Formate and Carbon Monoxide: Surface Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Derrick
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eva M. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xingwu Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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213
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Lv A, Freitag M, Chepiga KM, Schäfer AH, Glorius F, Chi L. Mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen behandelte Goldoberflächen in Pentacen‐Transistoren: Verbesserte Stabilität und Kontakt an der Grenzfläche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Lv
- Physikalisches Institut und Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Soochow University Renai Rd. 199 Suzhou 215123 China
- College of Chemistry und Chemical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Kathryn M. Chepiga
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | | | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Physikalisches Institut und Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) Soochow University Renai Rd. 199 Suzhou 215123 China
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214
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Ye R, Zhukhovitskiy AV, Kazantsev RV, Fakra SC, Wickemeyer BB, Toste FD, Somorjai GA. Supported Au Nanoparticles with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands as Active and Stable Heterogeneous Catalysts for Lactonization. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4144-4149. [PMID: 29506380 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Attachment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on the surface of metal nanoparticle (NP) catalysts permits fine-tuning of catalytic activity and product selectivity. Yet, NHC-coated Au NPs have been seldom used in catalysis beyond hydrogenation chemistry. One challenge in this field has been to develop a platform that permits arbitrary ligand modification without having to compromise NP stability toward aggregation or leaching. Herein, we exploit the strategy of supported dendrimer-encapsulated metal clusters (DEMCs) to achieve aggregation-stable yet active heterogeneous Au NP catalysts with NHC ligands. Dendrimers function as aggregation-inhibitors during the NP synthesis, and NHCs, well-known for their strong attachment to the gold surface, provide a handle to modify the stereochemistry, stereoelectronics, and chemical functionality of the NP surface. Indeed, compared to "ligandless" Au NPs which are virtually inactive below 80 °C, the NHC-ligated Au NP catalysts enable a model lactonization reaction to proceed at 20 °C on the same time scale (hours). Based on Eyring analysis, proto-deauration is the turnover-limiting step accelerated by the NHC ligands. Furthermore, the use of chiral NHCs led to asymmetric induction (up to 16% enantiomeric excess) in the lactonization transformations, which demonstrates the potential of supported DEMCs with ancillary ligands in enantioselective catalysis.
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215
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Martens I, Fisher EA, Bizzotto D. Direct Mapping of Heterogeneous Surface Coverage in DNA-Functionalized Gold Surfaces with Correlated Electron and Fluorescence Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2425-2431. [PMID: 29361826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of biofunctionalized surfaces such as alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold modified with DNA or other biomolecules is a challenging analytical problem, and access to a routine method is desirable. Despite substantial investigation from structural and mechanistic perspectives, robust and high-throughput metrology tools for SAMs remain elusive but essential for the continued development of these devices. We demonstrate that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can provide image contrast of the molecular interface during SAM functionalization. The high-speed, large magnification range, and ease of use make this widely available technique a powerful platform for measuring the structure and composition of SAM surfaces. This increased throughput allows for a better understanding of the nonideal spatial heterogeneity characteristic of SAMs utilized in real-world conditions. SEM image contrast is characterized through the use of fluorescently labeled DNA, which enables correlative SEM and fluorescence microscopy. This allows identification of the DNA-modified regions at resolutions that approach the size of the biomolecule. The effect of electron beam irradiation dose is explored, which leads to straightforward lithographic patterning of DNA SAMs with nanometer resolution and with control over the surface coverage of specifically adsorbed DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Martens
- Advanced Materials and Proceess Engineering Laboratory (AMPEL) and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Fisher
- Advanced Materials and Proceess Engineering Laboratory (AMPEL) and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Dan Bizzotto
- Advanced Materials and Proceess Engineering Laboratory (AMPEL) and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
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216
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Qi S, Ma Q, He X, Tang Y. Self-assembled monolayers of N-heterocyclic carbene on gold: Stability under ultrasonic circumstance and computational study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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217
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Foroutan-Nejad C, Andrushchenko V, Straka M. Dipolar molecules inside C 70: an electric field-driven room-temperature single-molecule switch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:32673-32677. [PMID: 27892557 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose a two-state electric field-driven room-temperature single-molecule switch based on a dipolar molecule enclosed inside ellipsoidal fullerene C70. We show that the two low-energy minima of the molecular dipole inside the C70 cage provide distinguishable molecular states of the system that can be switched by application of an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Valery Andrushchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 1, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Straka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 1, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic.
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218
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Bejarano F, Olavarria-Contreras IJ, Droghetti A, Rungger I, Rudnev A, Gutiérrez D, Mas-Torrent M, Veciana J, van der Zant HSJ, Rovira C, Burzurı E, Crivillers N. Robust Organic Radical Molecular Junctions Using Acetylene Terminated Groups for C-Au Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1691-1696. [PMID: 29307191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic paramagnetic and electroactive molecules are attracting interest as core components of molecular electronic and spintronic devices. Currently, further progress is hindered by the modest stability and reproducibility of the molecule/electrode contact. We report the synthesis of a persistent organic radical bearing one and two terminal alkyne groups to form Au-C σ bonds. The formation and stability of self-assembled monolayers and the electron transport through single-molecule junctions at room temperature have been studied. The combined analysis of both systems demonstrates that this linker forms a robust covalent bond with gold and a better-defined contact when compared to traditional sulfur-based linkers. Density functional theory and quantum transport calculations support the experimental observation highlighting a reduced variability of conductance values for the C-Au based junction. Our findings advance the quest for robustness and reproducibility of devices based on electroactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bejarano
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Droghetti
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) , Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ivan Rungger
- National Physical Laboratory , Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Rudnev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Russian Academy of Sciences A. N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Enrique Burzurı
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands.,IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, c/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB- CSIC) and CIBER-BBN , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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219
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Man RWY, Li CH, MacLean MWA, Zenkina OV, Zamora MT, Saunders LN, Rousina-Webb A, Nambo M, Crudden CM. Ultrastable Gold Nanoparticles Modified by Bidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1576-1579. [PMID: 29211456 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly stable gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functionalized by bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been synthesized by top-down and bottom-up approaches. A detailed study of the effect of alkylation, denticity, and method of synthesis has led to the production of NHC-stabilized nanoparticles with higher thermal stability than bi- and tridentate thiol-protected Au NPs and than monodentate NHC-stabilized NPs. Importantly, bidentate NHC-protected NPs also displayed unprecedented stability to external thiol, which has been an unsolved problem to date with all nanoparticles. Thus, multidentate NHC ligands are an important, and as yet unrecognized, step forward for the preparation of high stability nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee W Y Man
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Michael W A MacLean
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Matthew T Zamora
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Lisa N Saunders
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Alexander Rousina-Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6
| | - Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario Canada , K7L 3N6.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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220
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DeJesus JF, Trujillo MJ, Camden JP, Jenkins DM. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as a Robust Platform for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1247-1250. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. DeJesus
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Michael J. Trujillo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jon P. Camden
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David M. Jenkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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221
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Zeng Y, Zhang T, Narouz MR, Crudden CM, McBreen PH. Generation and conversion of an N-heterocyclic carbene on Pt(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12527-12530. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of the surface NHC to another surface carbene through isopropyl C–H bond activation ca. 400 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Laval University
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Laval University
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Mina R. Narouz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, ITbM-WPI, Nagoya University
- Nagoya
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222
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Baquero EA, Tricard S, Coppel Y, Flores JC, Chaudret B, de Jesús E. Water-soluble platinum nanoparticles stabilized by sulfonated N-heterocyclic carbenes: influence of the synthetic approach. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4093-4104. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
On the surface: Pt nanoparticles with NHC ligands at the surface have been prepared in water using different organometallic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin A. Baquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
| | - Simon Tricard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets
- UMR5215 INSA-CNRS-UPS
- Institut des Sciences appliquées
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
| | - Yannick Coppel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- CNRS
- Université de Toulouse
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
| | - Juan C. Flores
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
| | - Bruno Chaudret
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-Objets
- UMR5215 INSA-CNRS-UPS
- Institut des Sciences appliquées
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
| | - Ernesto de Jesús
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR)
- Universidad de Alcalá
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
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223
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Approaches to single-molecule studies of metalloprotein electron transfer using scanning probe-based techniques. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 46:1-9. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The single-molecule properties of metalloproteins have provided an intensely active research area in recent years. This brief review covers some of the techniques used to prepare, measure and analyse the electron transfer properties of metalloproteins, concentrating on scanning tunnelling microscopy-based techniques and advances in attachment of proteins to electrodes.
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224
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Narouz MR, Li CH, Nazemi A, Crudden CM. Amphiphilic N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles and Their Self-Assembly in Polar Solvents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14211-14219. [PMID: 29148789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter-directed self-assembly of amphiphilic inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has recently emerged as a promising approach to access NP ensembles with superior collective properties. While thiol-terminated molecules are primarily employed to tether the amphiphilic ligand to the metal, concerns remain regarding the stabilities of the resulting NPs and their corresponding aggregates. As an alternative, we report amphiphilic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). To accomplish this, an amphiphilic NHC-AuI complex based on an asymmetric triethylene glycol-/dodecyl-functionalized benzimidazole was first synthesized and used to prepare the corresponding stable amphiphilic NHC-decorated AuNPs. The resulting NPs were comprehensively characterized using both solution- and solid-state-based techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By optimizing the self-assembly behavior of these amphiphilic AuNPs in deionized water, ethanol, and their mixtures, we were able to fine-tune the plasmonic properties of the AuNPs in the wide range of 525-640 nm. Furthermore, when treated with thiols, the ensembles showed greater stability compared to their parent discrete AuNP counterparts at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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225
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Larrea CR, Baddeley CJ, Narouz MR, Mosey NJ, Horton JH, Crudden CM. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Self-assembled Monolayers on Copper and Gold: Dramatic Effect of Wingtip Groups on Binding, Orientation and Assembly. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:3536-3539. [PMID: 28960768 PMCID: PMC5765499 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on copper are reported. The monolayer structure is highly dependent on the N,N-substituents on the NHC. On both Cu(111) and Au(111), bulky isopropyl substituents force the NHC to bind perpendicular to the metal surface while methyl- or ethyl-substituted NHCs lie flat. Temperature-programmed desorption studies show that the NHC binds to Cu(111) with a desorption energy of Edes =152±10 kJ mol-1 . NHCs that bind upright desorb cleanly, while flat-lying NHCs decompose leaving adsorbed organic residues. Scanning tunneling microscopy of methylated NHCs reveals arrays of covalently linked dimers which transform into adsorbed (NHC)2 Cu species by extraction of a copper atom from the surface after annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Larrea
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Mina R. Narouz
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Nicholas J. Mosey
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - J. Hugh Horton
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityChernoff HallKingstonOntarioCanada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM)Nagoya University ChikusaNagoyaJapan
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226
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Li Z, Munro K, Ebralize II, Narouz MR, Padmos JD, Hao H, Crudden CM, Horton JH. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold as Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13936-13944. [PMID: 29141140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensing is a powerful tool to study the recognition processes between biomolecules in real-time without need for labels. The use of thiol chemistry is a critical component in surface functionalization of various SPR biosensor surfaces on gold. However, its use is hampered by the high propensity for oxidation of the gold-thiol linkage even in ambient atmosphere, resulting in a short lifetime of SPR sensor chips unless strict precautions are taken. Herein, we describe an approach to overcome this limitation by employing highly robust self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkylated N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) on gold. An alkylated NHC sensor surface was developed and its biosensing capabilities were compared to a commercial thiol-based analogue-a hydrophobic association (HPA) chip-in terms of its ability to act as a reliable platform for biospecific interaction analysis under a wide range of conditions. The NHC-based SPR sensor outperforms related thiol-based sesnsors in several aspects, including lower nonspecific binding capacity, better chemical stability, higher reproducibility, shorter equilibration time, and longer life span. We also demonstrate that the NHC-based sensor can be used for rapid and efficient formation of a hybrid lipid bilayer for use in membrane interaction studies. Overall, this work identifies the great promise in designing NHC-based surfaces as a new technology platform for SPR-based biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kim Munro
- Protein Function Discovery Facility, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Iraklli I Ebralize
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mina R Narouz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Daniel Padmos
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hongxia Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Institute for Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM-WPI), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - J Hugh Horton
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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227
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Jiang L, Zhang B, Médard G, Seitsonen AP, Haag F, Allegretti F, Reichert J, Kuster B, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. N-Heterocyclic carbenes on close-packed coinage metal surfaces: bis-carbene metal adatom bonding scheme of monolayer films on Au, Ag and Cu. Chem Sci 2017; 8:8301-8308. [PMID: 29619176 PMCID: PMC5858017 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03777e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), complementary density functional theory (DFT) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) we investigate the binding and self-assembly of a saturated molecular layer of model N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) on Cu(111), Ag(111) and Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. XPS reveals that at room temperature, coverages up to a monolayer exist, with the molecules engaged in metal carbene bonds. On all three surfaces, we resolve similar arrangements, which can be interpreted only in terms of mononuclear M(NHC)2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au) complexes, reminiscent of the paired bonding of thiols to surface gold adatoms. Theoretical investigations for the case of Au unravel the charge distribution of a Au(111) surface covered by Au(NHC)2 and reveal that this is the energetically preferential adsorption configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Bodong Zhang
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technical University of Munich , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de Chimie , Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) , Paris Cedex 05 F-75230 , France
| | - Felix Haag
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics , Technical University of Munich , Emil-Erlenmeyer-Forum 5 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Chair of Molecular Nanoscience and Chemical Physics of Interfaces (E20) , Department of Physics , Technical University of Munich , D-85748 Garching , Germany .
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228
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Li Z, Narouz MR, Munro K, Hao B, Crudden CM, Horton JH, Hao H. Carboxymethylated Dextran-Modified N-Heterocyclic Carbene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold for Use in Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:39223-39234. [PMID: 29048150 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry is a key enabler for various biosensing applications. Biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance routinely employ thiol-based chemistry for the linker layer between gold-coated support surfaces and functional biosensor surfaces. However, there is a growing awareness that such sensor surfaces are prone to oxidation/degradation problems in the presence of oxygen, and previous efforts to improve the stability have shown limited advancements. As an alternative, recent studies employing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on gold have shown significant promise in this area. Here, we describe a sensor surface employing an NHC SAM to couple a modified carboxymethylated dextran onto a gold surface. Such a dextran matrix is also used for affinity chromatography, and it is the most commonly employed matrix for commercial biosensor surfaces today. The performance reliability of the dextran-modified NHC chip to act as an alternative biosensing platform is compared with that of a thiol-based commercial chip in the proof-of-concept tests. The resultant NHC sensor surface shows a higher thermal stability compared to thiol analogues. Moreover, the plasma protein/drug and antibody/antigen interactions were validated on the NHC-based dextran chip and showed similar performance as compared to the thiol-based commercial chip. Ultimately, this study shows the strong potential applicability of chemical modifications to gold surfaces using NHC ligands for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law , Beijing 100088, China
| | | | | | - Bin Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law , Beijing 100088, China
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Institute for Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM-WPI), Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Hongxia Hao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law , Beijing 100088, China
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229
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Gruber M, Bauer W, Maid H, Schöll K, Tykwinski RR. Synthetic and NMR studies on hexaphenylcarbodiphosphorane (Ph3P C PPh3). Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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230
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Foti G, Vázquez H. Adsorbate-driven cooling of carbene-based molecular junctions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2060-2068. [PMID: 29090108 PMCID: PMC5647705 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We study the role of an NH2 adsorbate on the current-induced heating and cooling of a neighboring carbene-based molecular circuit. We use first-principles methods of inelastic tunneling transport based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's functions to calculate the rates of emission and absorbtion of vibrations by tunneling electrons, the population of vibrational modes and the energy stored in them. We find that the charge rearrangement resulting from the adsorbate gates the carbene electronic structure and reduces the density of carbene states near the Fermi level as a function of bias. These effects result in the cooling of carbene modes at all voltages compared to the "clean" carbene-based junction. We also find that the direct influence of adsorbate states is significantly smaller and tends to heat adsorbate vibrations. Our results highlight the important role of molecular adsorbates not only on the electronic and elastic transport properties but also on the current-induced energy exchange and stability under bias of single-molecule circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Foti
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Héctor Vázquez
- Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnicka 10, Prague, Czech Republic
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231
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Polgar AM, Weigend F, Zhang A, Stillman MJ, Corrigan JF. A N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Coinage Metal-Chalcogenide Framework with Tunable Optical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14045-14048. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Polgar
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut
für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Angel Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Martin J. Stillman
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Centre
for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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232
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Ernst JB, Schwermann C, Yokota GI, Tada M, Muratsugu S, Doltsinis NL, Glorius F. Molecular Adsorbates Switch on Heterogeneous Catalysis: Induction of Reactivity by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes B. Ernst
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwermann
- Institute
for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institute
for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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233
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Jiao N, Li Z, Xia C, Liu J. Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Cross-Linked Polymeric Ionic Liquid Material: Application as Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nianming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Zelong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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234
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Martin FA, Marconi D, Neamtu S, Radu T, Florescu M, Turcu R, Lar C, Hădade ND, Grosu I, Turcu I. “Click” access to multilayer functionalized Au surface: A terpyridine patterning example. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1343-1350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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235
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Inkpen MS, Leroux YR, Hapiot P, Campos LM, Venkataraman L. Reversible on-surface wiring of resistive circuits. Chem Sci 2017; 8:4340-4346. [PMID: 28660061 PMCID: PMC5472029 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst most studies in single-molecule electronics involve components first synthesized ex situ, there is also great potential in exploiting chemical transformations to prepare devices in situ. Here, as a first step towards this goal, we conduct reversible reactions on monolayers to make and break covalent bonds between alkanes of different lengths, then measure the conductance of these molecules connected between electrodes using the scanning tunneling microscopy-based break junction (STM-BJ) method. In doing so, we develop the critical methodology required for assembling and disassembling surface-bound single-molecule circuits. We identify effective reaction conditions for surface-bound reagents, and importantly demonstrate that the electronic characteristics of wires created in situ agree with those created ex situ. Finally, we show that the STM-BJ technique is unique in its ability to definitively probe surface reaction yields both on a local (∼50 nm2) and pseudo-global (≥10 mm2) level. This investigation thus highlights a route to the construction and integration of more complex, and ultimately functional, surface-based single-molecule circuitry, as well as advancing a methodology that facilitates studies beyond the reach of traditional ex situ synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA . ;
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE) , CNRS , Université de Rennes 1 , Campus de Beaulieu, Bat 10C , Rennes Cedex , UMR 6226 , France
| | - Yann R Leroux
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE) , CNRS , Université de Rennes 1 , Campus de Beaulieu, Bat 10C , Rennes Cedex , UMR 6226 , France
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE) , CNRS , Université de Rennes 1 , Campus de Beaulieu, Bat 10C , Rennes Cedex , UMR 6226 , France
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA . ;
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , NY 10027 , USA
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236
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Zhu H, Chang F, Zhu Z. The fabrication of carbon nanotubes array-based electrochemical chiral sensor by electrosynthesis. Talanta 2017; 166:70-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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237
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Salorinne K, Man RWY, Li CH, Taki M, Nambo M, Crudden CM. Water-Soluble N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Protected Gold Nanoparticles: Size-Controlled Synthesis, Stability, and Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6198-6202. [PMID: 28407403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NHC-AuI complexes were used to prepare stable, water-soluble, NHC-protected gold nanoparticles. The water-soluble, charged nature of the nanoparticles permitted analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which showed that the nanoparticles were highly monodisperse, with tunable core diameters between 2.0 and 3.3 nm depending on the synthesis conditions. Temporal, thermal, and chemical stability of the nanoparticles were determined to be high. Treatment with thiols caused etching of the particles after 24 h; however larger plasmonic particles showed greater resistance to thiol treatment. These water-soluble, bio-compatible nanoparticles are promising candidates for use in photoacoustic imaging, with even the smallest nanoparticles giving reliable photoacoustic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Salorinne
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Renee W Y Man
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Chernoff Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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238
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Salorinne K, Man RWY, Li CH, Taki M, Nambo M, Crudden CM. Water-Soluble N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Protected Gold Nanoparticles: Size-Controlled Synthesis, Stability, and Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi Salorinne
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Renee W. Y. Man
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; Chernoff Hall Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Masayasu Taki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masakazu Nambo
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Cathleen M. Crudden
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University; Furo, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Department of Chemistry; Queen's University; Chernoff Hall Kingston Ontario Canada
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239
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Chang K, Chen JG, Lu Q, Cheng MJ. Quantum Mechanical Study of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adsorption on Au Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2674-2682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Chang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Qi Lu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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240
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The structure and binding mode of citrate in the stabilization of gold nanoparticles. Nat Chem 2017; 9:890-895. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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241
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Möller N, Rühling A, Lamping S, Hellwig T, Fallnich C, Ravoo BJ, Glorius F. Stabilization of High Oxidation State Upconversion Nanoparticles by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4356-4360. [PMID: 28300327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of high oxidation state nanoparticles by N-heterocyclic carbenes is reported. Such nanoparticles represent an important subset in the field of nanoparticles, with different and more challenging requirements for suitable ligands compared to elemental metal nanoparticles. N-Heterocyclic carbene coated NaYF4 :Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles were synthesized by a ligand-exchange reaction from a well-defined precursor. This new photoactive material was characterized in detail and employed in the activation of photoresponsive molecules by low-intensity near-infrared light (λ=980 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Möller
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Rühling
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lamping
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hellwig
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Angewandte Physik, Corrensstrasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Fallnich
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Angewandte Physik, Corrensstrasse 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstrasse 40, 4, 8149, Münster, Germany
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242
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Möller N, Rühling A, Lamping S, Hellwig T, Fallnich C, Ravoo BJ, Glorius F. Stabilisierung von hochoxidierten Upconversion-Nanopartikeln mit N-heterocyclischen Carbenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Möller
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Andreas Rühling
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Lamping
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Tim Hellwig
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Angewandte Physik; Corrensstraße 2 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Carsten Fallnich
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Angewandte Physik; Corrensstraße 2 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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243
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Enciso AE, Doni G, Nifosì R, Palazzesi F, Gonzalez R, Ellsworth AA, Coffer JL, Walker AV, Pavan GM, Mohamed AA, Simanek EE. Facile synthesis of stable, water soluble, dendron-coated gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3128-3132. [PMID: 28211928 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09679d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Upon reduction with sodium borohydride, diazonium tetrachloroaurate salts of triazine dendrons yield dendron-coated gold nanoparticles connected by a gold-carbon bond. These robust nanoparticles are stable in water and toluene solutions for longer than one year and present surface groups that can be reacted to change surface chemistry and manipulate solubility. Molecular modeling was used to provide insight on the hydration of the nanoparticles and their observed solubilties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Giovanni Doni
- Department of Physics, King's College, London Strand, London WC2R 2NS, UK
| | - Riccardo Nifosì
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Palazzesi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland and Facoltá di Informatica, Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | | | - Jeffery L Coffer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Amy V Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA and Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eric E Simanek
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
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244
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245
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Chong CC, Rao B, Ganguly R, Li Y, Kinjo R. Bis(N-heterocyclic olefin) Derivative: An Efficient Precursor for Isophosphindolylium Species. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8608-8614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Che Chang Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and §NTU-CBC Crystallography
Facility, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and §NTU-CBC Crystallography
Facility, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and §NTU-CBC Crystallography
Facility, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and §NTU-CBC Crystallography
Facility, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, and §NTU-CBC Crystallography
Facility, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 637371, Singapore
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246
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Wu CY, Wolf WJ, Levartovsky Y, Bechtel HA, Martin MC, Toste FD, Gross E. High-spatial-resolution mapping of catalytic reactions on single particles. Nature 2017; 541:511-515. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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247
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Xu J, Lin Z, Meng S, Wang JT, Xu L, Wang E. Self-assembly of glycine on Cu(001): the effect of temperature and polarity. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26548k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine on Cu(001) is studied as an example to illustrate the critical role of finite temperature and molecular polarity in the self-assembly of biomolecules at a metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices
- Department of Physics
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Lifang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Enge Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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248
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Aydogan Gokturk P, Donmez SE, Ulgut B, Türkmen YE, Suzer S. Optical and XPS evidence for the electrochemical generation of an N-heterocyclic carbene and its CS2 adduct from the ionic liquid [bmim][PF6]. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical generation of an N-heterocyclic carbene–CS2 adduct in air-ambient and under vacuum, and its confirmation by XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. E. Donmez
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - B. Ulgut
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - Y. E. Türkmen
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
| | - S. Suzer
- Department of Chemistry
- Bilkent University
- Ankara 06800
- Turkey
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249
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Engel S, Fritz EC, Ravoo BJ. New trends in the functionalization of metallic gold: from organosulfur ligands to N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2057-2075. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gold is a key metal in nanotechnology but ligands are required for surface stabilization and functionalization. This tutorial review highlights the recent progress from organosulfur to N-heterocyclic carbene surface ligands for gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Engel
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Eva-Corinna Fritz
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organic Chemistry Institute and Center for Soft Nanoscience
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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250
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Moraes LC, Lacroix B, Figueiredo RC, Lara P, Rojo J, Conejero S. Stabilisation of gold nanoparticles by N-heterocyclic thiones. Dalton Trans 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been prepared using N-heterocyclic thiones (NHTs) as ligand stabilisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C. Moraes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
| | - Bertrand Lacroix
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgic Engineering
- and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Cádiz
- Spain
| | - Rute C. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Patricia Lara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
| | - Javier Rojo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
- CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
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