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Leuzy A, Rodriguez-Vieitez E, Saint-Aubert L, Chiotis K, Almkvist O, Savitcheva I, Jonasson M, Lubberink M, Wall A, Antoni G, Nordberg A. Longitudinal uncoupling of cerebral perfusion, glucose metabolism, and tau deposition in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:652-663. [PMID: 29268078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cross-sectional findings using the tau tracer [18F]THK5317 (THK5317) have shown that [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) data can be approximated using perfusion measures (early-frame standardized uptake value ratio; ratio of tracer delivery in target to reference regions). In this way, a single PET study can provide both functional and molecular information. METHODS We included 16 patients with Alzheimer's disease who completed follow-up THK5317 and FDG studies 17 months after baseline investigations. Linear mixed-effects models and annual percentage change maps were used to examine longitudinal change. RESULTS Limited spatial overlap was observed between areas showing declines in THK5317 perfusion measures and FDG. Minimal overlap was seen between areas showing functional change and those showing increased retention of THK5317. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest a spatiotemporal offset between functional changes and tau pathology and a partial uncoupling between perfusion and metabolism, possibly as a function of Alzheimer's disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leuzy
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Rodriguez-Vieitez
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laure Saint-Aubert
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Chiotis
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ove Almkvist
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Savitcheva
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - My Jonasson
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wall
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
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202
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Sild M, Ruthazer ES, Booij L. Major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders from the glial perspective: Etiological mechanisms, intervention and monitoring. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:474-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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203
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Multimodal Imaging in Rat Model Recapitulates Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers Abnormalities. J Neurosci 2017; 37:12263-12271. [PMID: 29097597 PMCID: PMC5729194 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1346-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging biomarkers are frequently proposed as endpoints for clinical trials targeting brain amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the specific impact of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation on biomarker abnormalities remains elusive in AD. Using the McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rat as a model of selective Aβ pathology, we characterized the longitudinal progression of abnormalities in biomarkers commonly used in AD research. Middle-aged (9–11 months) transgenic animals (both male and female) displayed mild spatial memory impairments and disrupted cingulate network connectivity measured by resting-state fMRI, even in the absence of hypometabolism (measured with PET [18F]FDG) or detectable fibrillary amyloidosis (measured with PET [18F]NAV4694). At more advanced ages (16–19 months), cognitive deficits progressed in conjunction with resting connectivity abnormalities; furthermore, hypometabolism, Aβ plaque accumulation, reduction of CSF Aβ1-42 concentrations, and hippocampal atrophy (structural MRI) were detectable at this stage. The present results emphasize the early impact of Aβ on brain connectivity and support a framework in which persistent Aβ aggregation itself is sufficient to impose memory circuits dysfunction, which propagates to adjacent brain networks at later stages. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The present study proposes a “back translation” of the Alzheimer pathological cascade concept from human to animals. We used the same set of Alzheimer imaging biomarkers typically used in large human cohorts and assessed their progression over time in a transgenic rat model, which allows for a finer spatial resolution not attainable with mice. Using this translational platform, we demonstrated that amyloid-β pathology recapitulates an Alzheimer-like profile of biomarker abnormalities even in the absence of other hallmarks of the disease such as neurofibrillary tangles and widespread neuronal losses.
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204
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Abstract
A compelling need in the field of neurodegenerative diseases is the development and validation of biomarkers for early identification and differential diagnosis. The availability of positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging tools for the assessment of molecular biology and neuropathology has opened new venues in the diagnostic design and the conduction of new clinical trials. PET techniques, allowing the in vivo assessment of brain function and pathology changes, are increasingly showing great potential in supporting clinical diagnosis also in the early and even preclinical phases of dementia. This review will summarize the most recent evidence on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-, amyloid -, tau -, and neuroinflammation - PET tools, highlighting strengths and limitations and possible new perspectives in research and clinical applications. Appropriate use of PET tools is crucial for a prompt diagnosis and target evaluation of new developed drugs aimed at slowing or preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Iaccarino
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Sala
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Paola Caminiti
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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205
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Brendel M, Focke C, Blume T, Peters F, Deussing M, Probst F, Jaworska A, Overhoff F, Albert N, Lindner S, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Bartenstein P, Haass C, Kleinberger G, Herms J, Rominger A. Time Courses of Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Microglial Activity Across the Life Span of Wild-Type Mice: A PET Study. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1984-1990. [PMID: 28705919 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to findings in the human brain, 18F-FDG PET shows cerebral hypermetabolism of aged wild-type (WT) mice relative to younger animals, supposedly due to microglial activation. Therefore, we used dual-tracer small-animal PET to examine directly the link between neuroinflammation and hypermetabolism in aged mice. Methods: WT mice (5-20 mo) were investigated in a cross-sectional design using 18F-FDG (n = 43) and translocator protein (TSPO) (18F-GE180; n = 58) small-animal PET, with volume-of-interest and voxelwise analyses. Biochemical analysis of plasma cytokine levels and immunohistochemical confirmation of microglial activity were also performed. Results: Age-dependent cortical hypermetabolism in WT mice relative to young animals aged 5 mo peaked at 14.5 mo (+16%, P < 0.001) and declined to baseline at 20 mo. Similarly, cortical TSPO binding increased to a maximum at 14.5 mo (+15%, P < 0.001) and remained high to 20 mo, resulting in an overall correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and TSPO binding (R = 0.69, P < 0.005). Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the TSPO small-animal PET findings. Conclusion: Age-dependent neuroinflammation is associated with the controversial observation of cerebral hypermetabolism in aging WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Finn Peters
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Federico Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix Overhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and.,DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and.,DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and
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206
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Bellaver B, Dos Santos JP, Leffa DT, Bobermin LD, Roppa PHA, da Silva Torres IL, Gonçalves CA, Souza DO, Quincozes-Santos A. Systemic Inflammation as a Driver of Brain Injury: the Astrocyte as an Emerging Player. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2685-2695. [PMID: 28421541 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe systemic inflammation has strong effects on brain functions, promoting permanent neurocognitive dysfunction and high mortality rates. Additionally, hippocampal damage seems to be directly involved in this process and astrocytes play an important role in neuroinflammation and in the neuroimmune response. However, the contribution of the astrocytes to the pathology of acute brain dysfunction is not well understood. Recently, our group established a protocol for obtaining astrocyte cultures from mature brain to allow the characterization of these cells and their functions under pathologic conditions. The present study was designed to characterize astrocyte function after acute systemic inflammation induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Hippocampal astrocyte cultures from CLP animals presented increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and cyclooxygenase-2 and decreased levels of IL-10. This proinflammatory profile was accompanied by an increase in Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 mRNA expression levels and no change either in TLR4 or in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression. These alterations were associated with increased expressions of p21, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in astrocytes from CLP animals. The same parameters were also evaluated in whole hippocampal tissue, but differences in this profile were found compared to hippocampal astrocyte cultures from CLP, reflecting an interaction between other central nervous system cell types, which may mask specific astrocytic changes. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which astrocytes react against systemic inflammation, and suggest these cells to be potential targets for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellaver
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paola Haack Amaral Roppa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Unidade de Experimentação Animal, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Bairro Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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207
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Mazuel L, Blanc J, Repond C, Bouchaud V, Raffard G, Déglon N, Bonvento G, Pellerin L, Bouzier-Sore AK. A neuronal MCT2 knockdown in the rat somatosensory cortex reduces both the NMR lactate signal and the BOLD response during whisker stimulation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174990. [PMID: 28388627 PMCID: PMC5384673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several in vitro and ex vivo evidence support the existence of lactate exchange between astrocytes and neurons, a direct demonstration in vivo is still lacking. In the present study, a lentiviral vector carrying a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to downregulate the expression of the monocarboxylate transporter type 2 (MCT2) in neurons of the rat somatosensory cortex (called S1BF) by ~ 25%. After one hour of whisker stimulation, HRMAS 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis of S1BF perchloric acid extracts showed that while an increase in lactate content is observed in both uninjected and shRNA-control injected extracts, such an effect was abrogated in shMCT2 injected rats. A 13C-incorporation analysis following [1-13C]glucose infusion during the stimulation confirmed that the elevated lactate observed during activation originates from newly synthesized [3-13C]lactate, with blood-derived [1-13C]glucose being the precursor. Moreover, the analysis of the 13C-labeling of glutamate in position C3 and C4 indicates that upon activation, there is an increase in TCA cycle velocity for control rats while a decrease is observed for MCT2 knockdown animals. Using in vivo localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy, an increase in lactate levels is observed in the S1BF area upon whisker stimulation for shRNA-control injected rats but not for MCT2 knockdown animals. Finally, while a robust BOLD fMRI response was evidenced in control rats, it was absent in MCT2 knockdown rats. These data not only demonstrate that glucose-derived lactate is locally produced following neuronal activation but also suggest that its use by neurons via MCT2 is probably essential to maintain synaptic activity within the barrel cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Mazuel
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jordy Blanc
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cendrine Repond
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, CH Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Bouchaud
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Gérard Raffard
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neurosciences Research Center (CRN), LCMN, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut d’Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), Molecular Imaging Center (MIRCen), CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
- Département de Physiologie, 7 rue du Bugnon, CH Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Karine Bouzier-Sore
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques UMR 5536, CNRS—Université Bordeaux 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
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