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Yi Y, Men Y, Jing D, Luo W, Zhang S, Feng JQ, Liu J, Ge W, Wang J, Zhao H. 3-dimensional visualization of implant-tissue interface with the polyethylene glycol associated solvent system tissue clearing method. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12578. [PMID: 30714253 PMCID: PMC6536405 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental implants are major treatment options for restoring teeth loss. Biological processes at the implant-tissue interface are critical for implant osseointegration. Superior mechanical properties of the implant constitute a major challenge for traditional histological techniques. It is imperative to develop new technique to investigate the implant-tissue interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our laboratory developed the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-associated solvent system (PEGASOS) tissue clearing method. By immersing samples into various chemical substances, bones and teeth could be turned to transparent with intact internal structures and endogenous fluorescence being preserved. We combined the PEGASOS tissue clearing method with transgenic mouse line and other labelling technique to investigate the angiogenesis and osteogenesis processes occurring at the implant-bone interface. RESULTS Clearing treatment turned tissue highly transparent and implant could be directly visualized without sectioning. Implant, soft/hard tissues and fluorescent labels were simultaneously imaged in decalcified or non-decalcified mouse mandible samples without disturbing their interfaces. Multi-channel 3-dimensional image stacks at high resolution were acquired and quantified. The processes of angiogenesis and osteogenesis surrounding titanium or stainless steel implants were investigated. CONCLUSIONS Both titanium and stainless steel implants support angiogenesis at comparable levels. Successful osseointegration and calcium precipitation occurred only surrounding titanium, but not stainless steel implants. PEGASOS tissue clearing method provides a novel approach for investigating the interface between implants and hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Yi Men
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Dian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Jian Q. Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Woo‐Ping Ge
- Children’s Research InstituteUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CentreDallasTexas
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Restorative Sciences, College of DentistryTexas A&M UniversityDallasTexas
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202
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Jing D, Yi Y, Luo W, Zhang S, Yuan Q, Wang J, Lachika E, Zhao Z, Zhao H. Tissue Clearing and Its Application to Bone and Dental Tissues. J Dent Res 2019; 98:621-631. [PMID: 31009584 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519844510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opaqueness of animal tissue can be attributed mostly to light absorption and light scattering. In most noncleared tissue samples, confocal images can be acquired at no more than a 100-µm depth. Tissue-clearing techniques have emerged in recent years in the neuroscience field. Many tissue-clearing methods have been developed, and they all follow similar working principles. During the tissue-clearing process, chemical or physical treatments are applied to remove components blocking or scattering the light. Finally, samples are immersed in a designated clearing medium to achieve a uniform refractive index and to gain transparency. Once the transparency is reached, images can be acquired even at several millimeters of depth with high resolution. Tissue clearing has become an essential tool for neuroscientists to investigate the neural connectome or to analyze spatial information of various types of brain cells. Other than neural science research, tissue-clearing techniques also have applications for bone research. Several methods have been developed for clearing bones. Clearing treatment enables 3-dimensional imaging of bones without sectioning and provides important new insights that are difficult or impossible to acquire with conventional approaches. Application of tissue-clearing technique on dental research remains limited. This review will provide an overview of the recent literature related to the methods and application of various tissue-clearing methods. The following aspects will be covered: general principles for the tissue-clearing technique, current available methods for clearing bones and teeth, general principles of 3-dimensional imaging acquisition and data processing, applications of tissue clearing on studying biological processes within bones and teeth, and future directions for 3-dimensional imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jing
- 1 Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Y Yi
- 1 Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA.,2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - W Luo
- 1 Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - S Zhang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Q Yuan
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - J Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - E Lachika
- 3 Intelligent Imaging Innovations (3i), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - H Zhao
- 1 Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
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203
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Tumor Ensemble-Based Modeling and Visualization of Emergent Angiogenic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5276. [PMID: 30918274 PMCID: PMC6437174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40888-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for new tools to investigate the spatio-temporal heterogeneity and phenotypic alterations that arise in the tumor microenvironment. However, computational investigations of emergent inter- and intra-tumor angiogenic heterogeneity necessitate 3D microvascular data from 'whole-tumors' as well as "ensembles" of tumors. Until recently, technical limitations such as 3D imaging capabilities, computational power and cost precluded the incorporation of whole-tumor microvascular data in computational models. Here, we describe a novel computational approach based on multimodality, 3D whole-tumor imaging data acquired from eight orthotopic breast tumor xenografts (i.e. a tumor 'ensemble'). We assessed the heterogeneous angiogenic landscape from the microvascular to tumor ensemble scale in terms of vascular morphology, emergent hemodynamics and intravascular oxygenation. We demonstrate how the abnormal organization and hemodynamics of the tumor microvasculature give rise to unique microvascular niches within the tumor and contribute to inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. These tumor ensemble-based simulations together with unique data visualization approaches establish the foundation of a novel 'cancer atlas' for investigators to develop their own in silico systems biology applications. We expect this hybrid image-based modeling framework to be adaptable for the study of other tissues (e.g. brain, heart) and other vasculature-dependent diseases (e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction).
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204
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Yin X, Yu T, Chen B, Xu J, Chen W, Qi Y, Zhang P, Li Y, Kou Y, Ma Y, Han N, Wan P, Luo Q, Zhu D, Jiang B. Spatial Distribution of Motor Endplates and its Adaptive Change in Skeletal Muscle. Theranostics 2019; 9:734-746. [PMID: 30809305 PMCID: PMC6376466 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor endplates (MEPs) are the important interfaces between peripheral nerves and muscle fibers. Investigation of the spatial distribution of MEPs could help us better understand neuromuscular functional activities and improve the diagnosis and therapy of related diseases. Methods: Fluorescent α-bungarotoxin was injected to label the motor endplates in whole-mount skeletal muscles, and tissue optical clearing combined with light-sheet microscopy was used to investigate the spatial distribution of MEPs and in-muscle nerve branches in different skeletal muscles in wild-type and transgenic fluorescent mice. Electrophysiology was used to determine the relationship between the spatial distribution of MEPs and muscle function. Results: The exact three-dimensional distribution of MEPs in whole skeletal muscles was first obtained. We found that the MEPs in the muscle were distributed in an organized pattern of lamella clusters, with no MEPs outside the lamella zone. Each MEP lamella was innervated by one independent in-muscle nerve branch and mediated an independent muscle subgroup contraction. Additionally, the MEPs changed along the lamella clusters after denervation and regained the initial pattern after reinnervation. The integrity and spatial distribution of MEPs could reflect the functional state of muscles. The signal absence of a certain MEP lamella could suggest a problem in certain part of the muscle. Conclusions: The MEP lamella clusters might be the basis of neuromuscular function, and the spatial distribution of MEPs could serve as a testbed for evaluating the functional status of muscle and the therapeutic targeting map related to MEPs.
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205
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Gao L, Tang WC, Tsai YC, Chen BC. Lattice light sheet microscopy using tiling lattice light sheets. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1497-1506. [PMID: 30696214 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel method used to implement tiling lattice light sheets (LLS) in lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) on regular LLS microscopes without changing the LLS microscope hardware. A LLS is tiled by applying binary phase maps acquired from off-center cross-sections of the corresponding optical lattice to the binary SLM used in LLS microscopes, by which a thin LLS can be tiled to image large specimens while maintaining the 3D imaging ability in the entire field of view. We investigate the method via numerical simulations and experiments, and demonstrate the method by imaging fluorescent particles embedded in agarose gel and expanded cells in the dithered mode of LLSM.
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206
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Urata S, Iida T, Yamamoto M, Mizushima Y, Fujimoto C, Matsumoto Y, Yamasoba T, Okabe S. Cellular cartography of the organ of Corti based on optical tissue clearing and machine learning. eLife 2019; 8:40946. [PMID: 30657453 PMCID: PMC6338463 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly organized spatial arrangement of sensory hair cells in the organ of Corti is essential for inner ear function. Here, we report a new analytical pipeline, based on optical clearing of tissue, for the construction of a single-cell resolution map of the organ of Corti. A sorbitol-based optical clearing method enabled imaging of the entire cochlea at subcellular resolution. High-fidelity detection and analysis of all hair cell positions along the entire longitudinal axis of the organ of Corti were performed automatically by machine learning–based pattern recognition. Application of this method to samples from young, adult, and noise-exposed mice extracted essential information regarding cellular pathology, including longitudinal and radial spatial characteristics of cell loss, implying that multiple mechanisms underlie clustered cell loss. Our method of cellular mapping is effective for system-level phenotyping of the organ of Corti under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Urata
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatsune Iida
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Mizushima
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Fujimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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207
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Qi Y, Yu T, Xu J, Wan P, Ma Y, Zhu J, Li Y, Gong H, Luo Q, Zhu D. FDISCO: Advanced solvent-based clearing method for imaging whole organs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau8355. [PMID: 30746463 PMCID: PMC6357753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau8355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Various optical clearing methods have emerged as powerful tools for deep biological imaging. Organic solvent-based clearing methods, such as three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs (3DISCO), present the advantages of high clearing efficiency and size reduction for panoptic imaging of large samples such as whole organs and even whole bodies. However, 3DISCO results in a rapid quenching of endogenous fluorescence, which has impeded its application. Here, we propose an advanced method named FDISCO to overcome this limitation. FDISCO can effectively preserve the fluorescence of various fluorescent probes and can achieve a long storage time of months while retaining potent clearing capability. We used FDISCO for high-resolution imaging and reconstruction of neuronal and vascular networks. Moreover, FDISCO is compatible with labeling by multiple viruses and enables fine visualization of neurons with weak fluorescence labeling in the whole brain. FDISCO represents an effective alternative to the three-dimensional mapping of whole organs and can be extensively used in biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisong Qi
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianyi Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yilin Ma
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingtan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yusha Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author.
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208
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Shapshak P, Balaji S, Kangueane P, Chiappelli F, Somboonwit C, Menezes LJ, Sinnott JT. Innovative Technologies for Advancement of WHO Risk Group 4 Pathogens Research. GLOBAL VIROLOGY III: VIROLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7122670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29022-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shapshak
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Seetharaman Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | | | - Francesco Chiappelli
- Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, UCLA School of Dentistry Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | | | - Lynette J. Menezes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - John T. Sinnott
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
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209
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Microvascular networks in the area of the auditory peripheral nervous system. Hear Res 2019; 371:105-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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210
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Panoptic imaging of transparent mice reveals whole-body neuronal projections and skull-meninges connections. Nat Neurosci 2018; 22:317-327. [PMID: 30598527 PMCID: PMC6494982 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of entire transparent rodent bodies after clearing could provide holistic biological information in health and disease, but reliable imaging and quantification of fluorescent protein signals deep inside the tissues has remained a challenge. Here, we developed vDISCO, a pressure-driven, nanobody-based whole-body immunolabeling technology to enhance the signal of fluorescent proteins by up to two orders of magnitude. This allowed us to image and quantify subcellular details through bones, skin and highly autofluorescent tissues of intact transparent mice. For the first time, we visualized whole-body neuronal projections in adult mice. We assessed CNS trauma effects in the whole body and found degeneration of peripheral nerve terminals in the torso. Furthermore, vDISCO revealed short vascular connections between skull marrow and brain meninges, which were filled with immune cells upon stroke. Thus, our new approach enables unbiased comprehensive studies of the interactions between the nervous system and the rest of the body.
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211
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Pende M, Becker K, Wanis M, Saghafi S, Kaur R, Hahn C, Pende N, Foroughipour M, Hummel T, Dodt HU. High-resolution ultramicroscopy of the developing and adult nervous system in optically cleared Drosophila melanogaster. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4731. [PMID: 30413688 PMCID: PMC6226481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an important experimental model to address central questions in neuroscience at an organismic level. However, imaging of neural circuits in intact fruit flies is limited due to structural properties of the cuticle. Here we present a novel approach combining tissue clearing, ultramicroscopy, and data analysis that enables the visualisation of neuronal networks with single-cell resolution from the larval stage up to the adult Drosophila. FlyClear, the signal preserving clearing technique we developed, stabilises tissue integrity and fluorescence signal intensity for over a month and efficiently removes the overall pigmentation. An aspheric ultramicroscope set-up utilising an improved light-sheet generator allows us to visualise long-range connections of peripheral sensory and central neurons in the visual and olfactory system. High-resolution 3D reconstructions with isotropic resolution from entire GFP-expressing flies are obtained by applying image fusion from orthogonal directions. This methodological integration of novel chemical, optical, and computational techniques allows a major advance in the analysis of global neural circuit organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Pende
- Department for Bioelectronics, FKE, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 25-25A, Building CH, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
- Section of Bioelectronics, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaus Becker
- Department for Bioelectronics, FKE, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 25-25A, Building CH, 1040, Vienna, Austria
- Section of Bioelectronics, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Wanis
- Department for Bioelectronics, FKE, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 25-25A, Building CH, 1040, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saiedeh Saghafi
- Department for Bioelectronics, FKE, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 25-25A, Building CH, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rashmit Kaur
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hahn
- Department for Bioelectronics, FKE, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 25-25A, Building CH, 1040, Vienna, Austria
- Section of Bioelectronics, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nika Pende
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Archaeal Biology and Ecogenomics Division, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Massih Foroughipour
- Section of Bioelectronics, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Ulrich Dodt
- Department for Bioelectronics, FKE, Vienna University of Technology, Gußhausstraße 25-25A, Building CH, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
- Section of Bioelectronics, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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