201
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Hu C, Zhang K, Jiang F, Wang H, Shao Q. Epigenetic modifications in thymic epithelial cells: an evolutionary perspective for thymus atrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:210. [PMID: 34819170 PMCID: PMC8612001 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The thymic microenvironment is mainly comprised of thymic epithelial cells, the cytokines, exosomes, surface molecules, and hormones from the cells, and plays a vital role in the development, differentiation, maturation and homeostasis of T lymphocytes. However, the thymus begins to degenerate as early as the second year of life and continues through aging in human beings, leading to a decreased output of naïve T cells, the limited TCR diversity and an expansion of monoclonal memory T cells in the periphery organs. These alternations will reduce the adaptive immune response to tumors and emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, also it is easier to suffer from autoimmune diseases in older people. In the context of global aging, it is important to investigate and clarify the causes and mechanisms of thymus involution. Main body Epigenetics include histone modification, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA effects, and chromatin remodeling. In this review, we discuss how senescent thymic epithelial cells determine and control age-related thymic atrophy, how this process is altered by epigenetic modification. How the thymus adipose influences the dysfunctions of the thymic epithelial cells, and the prospects of targeting thymic epithelial cells for the treatment of thymus atrophy. Conclusion Epigenetic modifications are emerging as key regulators in governing the development and senescence of thymic epithelial cells. It is beneficial to re-establish effective thymopoiesis, identify the potential therapeutic strategy and rejuvenate the immune function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cexun Hu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu College of Nursing, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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202
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Pharmaceutical therapeutics for articular regeneration and restoration: state-of-the-art technology for screening small molecular drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8127-8155. [PMID: 34783870 PMCID: PMC8593173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage caused by sports injury or osteoarthritis (OA) has gained increased attention as a worldwide health burden. Pharmaceutical treatments are considered cost-effective means of promoting cartilage regeneration, but are limited by their inability to generate sufficient functional chondrocytes and modify disease progression. Small molecular chemical compounds are an abundant source of new pharmaceutical therapeutics for cartilage regeneration, as they have advantages in design, fabrication, and application, and, when used in combination, act as powerful tools for manipulating cellular fate. In this review, we present current achievements in the development of small molecular drugs for cartilage regeneration, particularly in the fields of chondrocyte generation and reversion of chondrocyte degenerative phenotypes. Several clinically or preclinically available small molecules, which have been shown to facilitate chondrogenesis, chondrocyte dedifferentiation, and cellular reprogramming, and subsequently ameliorate cartilage degeneration by targeting inflammation, matrix degradation, metabolism, and epigenetics, are summarized. Notably, this review introduces essential parameters for high-throughput screening strategies, including models of different chondrogenic cell sources, phenotype readout methodologies, and transferable advanced systems from other fields. Overall, this review provides new insights into future pharmaceutical therapies for cartilage regeneration.
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203
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Bonitto K, Sarathy K, Atai K, Mitra M, Coller HA. Is There a Histone Code for Cellular Quiescence? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739780. [PMID: 34778253 PMCID: PMC8586460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the cells in our bodies are quiescent, that is, temporarily not dividing. Under certain physiological conditions such as during tissue repair and maintenance, quiescent cells receive the appropriate stimulus and are induced to enter the cell cycle. The ability of cells to successfully transition into and out of a quiescent state is crucial for many biological processes including wound healing, stem cell maintenance, and immunological responses. Across species and tissues, transcriptional, epigenetic, and chromosomal changes associated with the transition between proliferation and quiescence have been analyzed, and some consistent changes associated with quiescence have been identified. Histone modifications have been shown to play a role in chromatin packing and accessibility, nucleosome mobility, gene expression, and chromosome arrangement. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of different histone marks in these processes during quiescence entry and exit. We consider different model systems for quiescence, each of the most frequently monitored candidate histone marks, and the role of their writers, erasers and readers. We highlight data that support these marks contributing to the changes observed with quiescence. We specifically ask whether there is a quiescence histone “code,” a mechanism whereby the language encoded by specific combinations of histone marks is read and relayed downstream to modulate cell state and function. We conclude by highlighting emerging technologies that can be applied to gain greater insight into the role of a histone code for quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Bonitto
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kirthana Sarathy
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kaiser Atai
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mithun Mitra
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hilary A Coller
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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204
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Iyer GR, Utage P, Devi RR, Vattam KK, Hasan Q. Expanding the clinico-molecular spectrum of Angelman syndrome phenotype with the GABRG3 gene: Evidence from methylation and sequencing studies. Ann Hum Genet 2021; 86:71-79. [PMID: 34779508 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) (OMIM#105830) is an imprinting disorder caused due to alterations in the maternal chr 15q11-13 region. Majority of cases can be diagnosed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) of SNRPN gene and by UBE3A sequencing, however, about 10% of cases with AS phenotype remain undiagnosed. Differential diagnoses of AS can be detected by chromosomal microarray (CMA) and clinical exome sequencing (CES). In this study, 30 cases with AS features were evaluated by MS-PCR, CMA, and CES. SNRPN MS-PCR confirmed AS in eight (26%), CMA and CES diagnosed nine (30%) cases. One case was identified with a novel variant c.1125C > T in GABRG3, located at 15q12 region, which is currently not associated with any syndrome. The GABRG3 gene is also speculated to be imprinted, a MS-PCR assay was designed to confirm its differential parental methylation status. This assay identified another case with altered GABRG3 methylation. The two cases with GABRG3 alteration-sequence change and methylation indicate that GABRG3 may be associated with a subtype of AS or a new related syndrome. Performing GABRG3 MS-PCR and sequencing of a larger group of patients with AS phenotype and normal SNPRN and UBE3A status will help in establishing exact genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri R Iyer
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Prashant Utage
- Department of Pediatrics, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Utage Child Development Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Radha Rama Devi
- Department of Pediatrics - Rainbow Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Vattam
- Department of Genomics & Molecular Diagnostics, Sandor Specialty Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Department of Cytogenetics, Sandor Speciality Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Qurratulain Hasan
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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205
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Braný D, Dvorská D, Strnádel J, Matáková T, Halašová E, Škovierová H. Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Epigenetic Changes, DNA Damage, and Possibilities for Its Use in Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212252. [PMID: 34830132 PMCID: PMC8617606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma has great potential for use in modern medicine. It has been used in the clinical treatment of skin diseases and chronic wounds, and in laboratory settings it has shown effects on selective decrease in tumour-cell viability, reduced tumour mass in animal models and stem-cell proliferation. Many researchers are currently focusing on its application to internal structures and the use of plasma-activated liquids in tolerated and effective human treatment. There has also been analysis of plasma's beneficial synergy with standard pharmaceuticals to enhance their effect. Cold atmospheric plasma triggers various responses in tumour cells, and this can result in epigenetic changes in both DNA methylation levels and histone modification. The expression and activity of non-coding RNAs with their many important cell regulatory functions can also be altered by cold atmospheric plasma action. Finally, there is ongoing debate whether plasma-produced radicals can directly affect DNA damage in the nucleus or only initiate apoptosis or other forms of cell death. This article therefore summarises accepted knowledge of cold atmospheric plasma's influence on epigenetic changes, the expression and activity of non-coding RNAs, and DNA damage and its effect in synergistic treatment with routinely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Braný
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Dana Dvorská
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ján Strnádel
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Tatiana Matáková
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University, Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
| | - Henrieta Škovierová
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia; (D.B.); (J.S.); (E.H.); (H.Š.)
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206
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Feng Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xie M, Ji X, Luo X, Huang W, Xia L. Homeobox Genes in Cancers: From Carcinogenesis to Recent Therapeutic Intervention. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770428. [PMID: 34722321 PMCID: PMC8551923 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeobox (HOX) genes encoding an evolutionarily highly conserved family of homeodomain-containing transcriptional factors are essential for embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. HOX genes are involved in cell identity determination during early embryonic development and postnatal processes. The deregulation of HOX genes is closely associated with numerous human malignancies, highlighting the indispensable involvement in mortal cancer development. Since most HOX genes behave as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer, a better comprehension of their upstream regulators and downstream targets contributes to elucidating the function of HOX genes in cancer development. In addition, targeting HOX genes may imply therapeutic potential. Recently, novel therapies such as monoclonal antibodies targeting tyrosine receptor kinases, small molecular chemical inhibitors, and small interfering RNA strategies, are difficult to implement for targeting transcriptional factors on account of the dual function and pleiotropic nature of HOX genes-related molecular networks. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge on the roles of HOX genes in human cancer and emphasizes the emerging importance of HOX genes as potential therapeutic targets to overcome the limitations of present cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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207
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Searching for methyllysine-binding aromatic cages. Biochem J 2021; 478:3613-3619. [PMID: 34624071 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methylation of lysine residues plays crucial roles in a wide variety of cell signaling processes. While the biological importance of recognition of methylated histones by reader domains in the cell nucleus is well established, the processes associated with methylation of non-histone proteins, particularly in the cytoplasm of the cell, are not well understood. Here, we describe a search for potential methyllysine readers using a rapid structural motif-mining algorithm Erebus, the PDB database, and knowledge of the methyllysine binding mechanisms.
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208
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Song T, Zou Q, Yan Y, Lv S, Li N, Zhao X, Ma X, Liu H, Tang B, Sun L. DOT1L O-GlcNAcylation promotes its protein stability and MLL-fusion leukemia cell proliferation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109739. [PMID: 34551297 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine methylation functions at the interface of the extracellular environment and intracellular gene expression. DOT1L is a versatile histone H3K79 methyltransferase with a prominent role in MLL-fusion leukemia, yet little is known about how DOT1L responds to extracellular stimuli. Here, we report that DOT1L protein stability is regulated by the extracellular glucose level through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Mechanistically, DOT1L is O-GlcNAcylated at evolutionarily conserved S1511 in its C terminus. We identify UBE3C as a DOT1L E3 ubiquitin ligase promoting DOT1L degradation whose interaction with DOT1L is susceptible to O-GlcNAcylation. Consequently, HBP enhances H3K79 methylation and expression of critical DOT1L target genes such as HOXA9/MEIS1, promoting cell proliferation in MLL-fusion leukemia. Inhibiting HBP or O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) increases cellular sensitivity to DOT1L inhibitor. Overall, our work uncovers O-GlcNAcylation and UBE3C as critical determinants of DOT1L protein abundance, revealing a mechanism by which glucose metabolism affects malignancy progression through histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjing Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qingli Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yingying Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Suli Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Neng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xianyun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haigang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Borui Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lidong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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209
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Wilder CS, Chen Z, DiGiovanni J. Pharmacologic approaches to amino acid depletion for cancer therapy. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:127-152. [PMID: 34534385 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to support increased demands in bioenergetics and biosynthesis and to maintain reactive oxygen species at optimum levels. As metabolic alterations are broadly observed across many cancer types, metabolic reprogramming is considered a hallmark of cancer. A metabolic alteration commonly seen in cancer cells is an increased demand for certain amino acids. Amino acids are involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including proliferation, redox balance, bioenergetic and biosynthesis support, and homeostatic functions. Thus, targeting amino acid dependency in cancer is an attractive strategy for a number of cancers. In particular, pharmacologically mediated amino acid depletion has been evaluated as a cancer treatment option for several cancers. Amino acids that have been investigated for the feasibility of drug-induced depletion in preclinical and clinical studies for cancer treatment include arginine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, lysine, and methionine. In this review, we will summarize the status of current research on pharmacologically mediated amino acid depletion as a strategy for cancer treatment and potential chemotherapeutic combinations that synergize with amino acid depletion to further inhibit tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Wilder
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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210
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Thiha P, Higashihori N, Kano S, Moriyama K. Histone methyltransferase SET domain bifurcated 1 negatively regulates parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor to control chondrocyte proliferation in Meckel's cartilage. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 131:105251. [PMID: 34521010 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to show that the proliferation of chondrocytes is regulated by SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) along with the downregulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH)/parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor in Meckel's cartilage. DESIGN Setdb1 was knocked down or overexpressed in a mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells, by transfecting the cells with short interfering RNA against Setdb1 or wild-type Setdb1 expression vector, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Setdb1 was conditionally deleted in neural crest cells with Wnt1-Cre (Setdb1 conditional knockout mice). Immunofluorescence staining of paraffin sections of embryonic days 13.5 and 14.5 Setdb1 conditional knockout mice or transfected ATDC5 cells was performed to detect PTH/PTHrP receptor. Protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation inhibitor was added to both siRNA-transfected ATDC5 cultures to determine whether AKT activation induces PTH/PTHrP receptor expression after Setdb1 knockdown or vice versa. RESULTS Setdb1 knockdown in ATDC5 cells showed increased cell proliferation and parathyroid hormone receptor 1 expression. Contrasting results were observed in the Setdb1-overexpressed wild-type cells. Immunofluorescence staining showed the highly expressed PTH/PTHrP receptor in Setdb1-knocked down ATDC5 cells and in the chondrocytes of Setdb1 conditional knockout embryonic Meckel's cartilage, indicating the negative regulation of SETDB1 on PTH/PTHrP receptor. Strong staining of phosphorylated AKT was observed in Setdb1-knocked down ATDC5 cells. However, the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation significantly reduced both the PTH/PTHrP receptor staining and the Setdb1-knockdown-induced increase in ATDC5 cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute new insights on SETDB1 function in relation with AKT and PTH/PTHrP receptor during chondrocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo Thiha
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Norihisa Higashihori
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
| | - Sakurako Kano
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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211
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Roffers-Agarwal J, Lidberg KA, Gammill LS. The lysine methyltransferase SETD2 is a dynamically expressed regulator of early neural crest development. Genesis 2021; 59:e23448. [PMID: 34498354 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SETD2 is a histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) tri-methylase that is upregulated in response to neural crest induction. Because the H3K36 di-methylase NSD3 and cytoplasmic non-histone protein methylation are necessary for neural crest development, we investigated the expression and requirement for SETD2 in the neural crest. SetD2 is expressed throughout the chick blastoderm beginning at gastrulation. Subsequently, SetD2 mRNA becomes restricted to the neural plate, where it is strongly and dynamically expressed as neural tissue is regionalized and cell fate decisions are made. This includes expression in premigratory neural crest cells, which is downregulated prior to migration. Likely due to the early onset of its expression, SETD2 morpholino knockdown does not significantly alter premigratory Sox10 expression or neural crest migration; however, both are disrupted by a methyltransferase mutant SETD2 construct. These results suggest that SETD2 activity is essential for early neural crest development, further demonstrating that lysine methylation is an important mechanism regulating the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julaine Roffers-Agarwal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin A Lidberg
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura S Gammill
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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212
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Ruhr I, Bierstedt J, Rhen T, Das D, Singh SK, Miller S, Crossley DA, Galli GLJ. Developmental programming of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns is associated with extreme cardiovascular tolerance to anoxia in the common snapping turtle. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 34488850 PMCID: PMC8420019 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental fluctuation during embryonic and fetal development can permanently alter an organism’s morphology, physiology, and behaviour. This phenomenon, known as developmental plasticity, is particularly relevant to reptiles that develop in subterranean nests with variable oxygen tensions. Previous work has shown hypoxia permanently alters the cardiovascular system of snapping turtles and may improve cardiac anoxia tolerance later in life. The mechanisms driving this process are unknown but may involve epigenetic regulation of gene expression via DNA methylation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in situ cardiac performance during 2 h of acute anoxia in juvenile turtles previously exposed to normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (10% oxygen) during embryogenesis. Next, we analysed DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in turtles from the same cohorts using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, which represents the first high-resolution investigation of DNA methylation patterns in any reptilian species. Results Genome-wide correlations between CpG and CpG island methylation and gene expression patterns in the snapping turtle were consistent with patterns observed in mammals. As hypothesized, developmental hypoxia increased juvenile turtle cardiac anoxia tolerance and programmed DNA methylation and gene expression patterns. Programmed differences in expression of genes such as SCN5A may account for differences in heart rate, while genes such as TNNT2 and TPM3 may underlie differences in calcium sensitivity and contractility of cardiomyocytes and cardiac inotropy. Finally, we identified putative transcription factor-binding sites in promoters and in differentially methylated CpG islands that suggest a model linking programming of DNA methylation during embryogenesis to differential gene expression and cardiovascular physiology later in life. Binding sites for hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1A, ARNT, and EPAS1) and key transcription factors activated by MAPK and BMP signaling (RREB1 and SMAD4) are implicated. Conclusions Our data strongly suggests that DNA methylation plays a conserved role in the regulation of gene expression in reptiles. We also show that embryonic hypoxia programs DNA methylation and gene expression patterns and that these changes are associated with enhanced cardiac anoxia tolerance later in life. Programming of cardiac anoxia tolerance has major ecological implications for snapping turtles, because these animals regularly exploit anoxic environments throughout their lifespan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00414-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Ruhr
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Jacob Bierstedt
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Turk Rhen
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
| | - Debojyoti Das
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Soleille Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
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213
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Epigenetic Alterations in Pediatric Sleep Apnea. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179523. [PMID: 34502428 PMCID: PMC8430725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea has significant negative effects on health and behavior in childhood including depression, failure to thrive, neurocognitive impairment, and behavioral issues. It is strongly associated with an increased risk for chronic adult disease such as obesity and diabetes, accelerated atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-onset non-communicable diseases may originate from early life through a process by which an insult applied at a critical developmental window causes long-term effects on the structure or function of an organism. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of adult disease susceptibility. Epigenetic mechanisms that influence adaptive variability include histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation. This review will highlight what is currently known about the phenotypic associations of epigenetic modifications in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and will emphasize the importance of epigenetic changes as both modulators of chronic disease and potential therapeutic targets.
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214
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Chung DD, Pinson MR, Bhenderu LS, Lai MS, Patel RA, Miranda RC. Toxic and Teratogenic Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on Fetal Development, Adolescence, and Adulthood. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168785. [PMID: 34445488 PMCID: PMC8395909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can have immediate and long-lasting toxic and teratogenic effects on an individual’s development and health. As a toxicant, alcohol can lead to a variety of physical and neurological anomalies in the fetus that can lead to behavioral and other impairments which may last a lifetime. Recent studies have focused on identifying mechanisms that mediate the immediate teratogenic effects of alcohol on fetal development and mechanisms that facilitate the persistent toxic effects of alcohol on health and predisposition to disease later in life. This review focuses on the contribution of epigenetic modifications and intercellular transporters like extracellular vesicles to the toxicity of PAE and to immediate and long-term consequences on an individual’s health and risk of disease.
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215
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Yuan J, Jiang Q, Gong T, Fan D, Zhang J, Chen F, Zhu X, Wang X, Qiao Y, Chen H, Liu Z, Su J. Loss of grand histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation domains mediated transcriptional activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:65. [PMID: 34381055 PMCID: PMC8358006 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) may be recruited by repressive Polycomb complexes to mediate gene silencing, which is critical for maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. However, the roles of aberrant H3K27me3 patterns in tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Here, we discovered that grand silencer domains (breadth > 50 kb) for H3K27me3 were significantly associated with epithelial cell differentiation and exhibited high gene essentiality and conservation in human esophageal epithelial cells. These grand H3K27me3 domains exhibited high modification signals involved in gene silencing, and preferentially occupied the entirety of topologically associating domains and interact with each other. We found that widespread loss of the grand H3K27me3 domains in of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) were enriched in genes involved in epithelium and endothelium differentiation, which were significantly associated with overexpression with increase of active modifications of H3K4me3, H3K4me1, and H3K27ac marks, as well as DNA hypermethylation in the gene bodies. A total of 208 activated genes with loss of grand H3K27me3 domains in ESCC were identified, where the higher expression and mutation of T-box transcription factor 20 (TBX20) were associated with worse patients’ outcomes. Our results showed that knockdown of TBX20 may have led to a striking defect in esophageal cancer cell growth and carcinogenesis-related pathway, including cell cycle and homologous recombination. Together, our results reveal that loss of grand H3K27me3 domains represent a catalog of remarkable activating regulators involved in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Dandan Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fukun Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, China.
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216
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Son JM, Lee C. Aging: All roads lead to mitochondria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:160-168. [PMID: 33741252 PMCID: PMC9774040 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria were described as early as 1890 as ubiquitous intracellular structures by Ernster and Schatz (1981) [1]. Since then, the accretion of knowledge in the past century has revealed much of the molecular details of mitochondria, ranging from mitochondrial origin, structure, metabolism, genetics, and signaling, and their implications in health and disease. We now know that mitochondria are remarkably multifunctional and deeply intertwined with many vital cellular processes. They are quasi-self organelles that still possess remnants of its bacterial ancestry, including an independent genome. The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), which postulated that aging is a product of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA, provided a conceptual framework that put mitochondria on the map of aging research. However, several studies have more recently challenged the general validity of the theory, favoring novel ideas based on emerging evidence to understand how mitochondria contribute to aging and age-related diseases. One prominent topic of investigation lies on the fact that mitochondria are not only production sites for bioenergetics and macromolecules, but also regulatory hubs that communicate and coordinate many vital physiological processes at the cellular and organismal level. The bi-directional communication and coordination between the co-evolved mitochondrial and nuclear genomes is especially interesting in terms of cellular regulation. Mitochondria are dynamic and adaptive, rendering their function sensitive to cellular context. Tissues with high energy demands, such as the brain, seem to be uniquely affected by age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, providing a foundation for the development of novel mitochondrial-based therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyung Mean Son
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA,Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea,Corresponding author at: Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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217
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Zhou S, Zeng H, Huang J, Lei L, Tong X, Li S, Zhou Y, Guo H, Khan M, Luo L, Xiao R, Chen J, Zeng Q. Epigenetic regulation of melanogenesis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 69:101349. [PMID: 33984527 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanogenesis is a complex process in which melanin is synthesized in melanocytes and transported to keratinocytes, which involves multiple genes and signaling pathways. Epigenetics refers to the potential genetic changes that affect gene expression without involving changes in the original sequence of DNA nucleotides. DNA methylation regulates the expression of key genes such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as well as paracrine factors such as stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in melanogenesis. Potential DNA methylation sites are present in the genes of melanogenesis-related signaling pathways such as "Wnt", "PI3K/Akt/CREB" and "MAPK". H3K27 acetylation is abundant in melanogenesis-related genes. Both the upstream activation and downstream regulation of MITF depend on histone acetyltransferase CBP/p300, and pH-induced H3K27 acetylation may be the amplifying mechanism of MITF's effect. HDAC1 and HDAC10 catalyze histone deacetylation of melanogenesis-related gene promoters. Chromatin remodelers SWI/SNF complex and ISWI complex use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to rearrange nucleosomes, while their active subunits BRG1, BRM and BPTF, act as activators and cofactors of MITF. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can directly target a large number of melanogenesis-related genes, while long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate melanogenesis in a variety of ways. Interactions exist among the epigenetic mechanisms of melanogenesis. For example, the methyl CpG binding domain protein 2 (MeCP2) links DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and histone methylation. Epigenetic-based therapy provides novel opportunities for treating dermatoses that are caused by pigmentation disturbances. This review summarizes the epigenetic regulation mechanisms of melanogenesis, and examines the pathogenesis and treatment of epigenetics in pigmentation disorders.
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218
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Zhu J, Huang Z, Yang F, Zhu M, Cao J, Chen J, Lin Y, Guo S, Li J, Liu Z. Cadmium disturbs epigenetic modification and induces DNA damage in mouse preimplantation embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112306. [PMID: 33984557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is an environmental pollutant that has extensive deleterious effects on the reproductive system. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of cadmium on preimplantation embryos are unclear. Here, we used a mouse model to investigate the effects of maternal cadmium (32 mg/l) exposure in drinking water for 2 days on early embryonic development, and studied the mechanisms associated with epigenetic modifications and DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. We observed that maternal cadmium exposure impaired preimplantation embryo development by inducing embryo death, fragmentation, or developmental blockade. After cadmium exposure, the most survived embryos were at the 8-cell stage, which were used for all measurements. Histone acetylation, not methylation, was disturbed by increasing histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) levels after cadmium exposure. Cadmium also disrupted DNA methylation of H19; however genomic DNA methylation can be normally reprogrammed in embryos. Furthermore, cadmium increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA damage, and partly inhibited gene expression related to DNA repair. The distribution and activity of mitochondria was increased; therefore, embryos maintain intracellular homeostasis for survival. Collectively, our findings revealed that maternal cadmium exposure impairs preimplantation embryo development by disturbing the epigenetic modification and inducing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhutao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Laboratory Animal Center, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Shen Zhen Heng Sheng Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shen Zhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiangqin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiali Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shuai Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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219
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Hu Y, Wang X, Song J, Wu J, Xu J, Chai Y, Ding Y, Wang B, Wang C, Zhao Y, Shen Z, Xu X, Cao X. Chromatin remodeler ARID1A binds IRF3 to selectively induce antiviral interferon production in macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:743. [PMID: 34315861 PMCID: PMC8316351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor IRF3 is critical for the induction of antiviral type I interferon (IFN-I). The epigenetic regulation of IFN-I production in antiviral innate immunity needs to be further identified. Here, we reported that epigenetic remodeler ARID1A, a critical component of the mSWI/SNF complex, could bind IRF3 and then was recruited to the Ifn-I promoter by IRF3, thus selectively promoting IFN-I but not TNF-α, IL-6 production in macrophages upon viral infection. Myeloid cell-specific deficiency of Arid1a rendered mice more susceptible to viral infection, accompanied with less IFN-I production. Mechanistically, ARID1A facilitates chromatin accessibility of IRF3 at the Ifn-I promoters by interacting with histone methyltransferase NSD2, which methylates H3K4 and H3K36 of the promoter regions. Our findings demonstrated the new roles of ARID1A and NSD2 in innate immunity, providing insight into the crosstalks of chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and transcription factors in the epigenetic regulation of antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Song
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Institute of Transplanation Medicine, First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,CAMS-Oxford Translational Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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220
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Functional Interplay between Methyltransferases and Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Responses and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147580. [PMID: 34299198 PMCID: PMC8306412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An inflammasome is an intracellular protein complex that is activated in response to a pathogenic infection and cellular damage. It triggers inflammatory responses by promoting inflammatory cell death (called pyroptosis) and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Many types of inflammasomes have been identified and demonstrated to play a central role in inducing inflammatory responses, leading to the onset and progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are transferred from methyl donors to proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular molecules. Methylation plays critical roles in various biological functions by modulating gene expression, protein activity, protein localization, and molecular stability, and aberrant regulation of methylation causes deleterious outcomes in various human diseases. Methylation is a key determinant of inflammatory responses and diseases. This review highlights the current understanding of the functional relationship between inflammasome regulation and methylation of cellular molecules in inflammatory responses and diseases.
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221
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Falcão-Holanda RB, Brunialti MKC, Jasiulionis MG, Salomão R. Epigenetic Regulation in Sepsis, Role in Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:685333. [PMID: 34322502 PMCID: PMC8312749 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.685333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by an initial hyperinflammatory response, with intense cell activation and cytokine storm. In parallel, a prolonged compensatory anti-inflammatory response, known as immunological tolerance, can lead to immunosuppression. Clinically, this condition is associated with multiple organ failure, resulting in the patient's death. The mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of sepsis are not yet fully understood, but evidence is strong showing that epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, modulate the inflammatory response of sepsis. During the onset of infection, host cells undergo epigenetic changes that favor pathogen survival. Besides, epigenetic changes in essential genes also orchestrate the patient's inflammatory response. In this review, we gathered studies on sepsis and epigenetics to show the central role of epigenetic mechanisms in various aspects of the pathogenesis of sepsis and the potential of epigenetic interventions for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Brito Falcão-Holanda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Karina Colo Brunialti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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222
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Yuan L, Sun B, Xu L, Chen L, Ou W. The Updating of Biological Functions of Methyltransferase SETDB1 and Its Relevance in Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147416. [PMID: 34299035 PMCID: PMC8306223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SET domain bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase that exerts important effects on epigenetic gene regulation. SETDB1 complexes (SETDB1-KRAB-KAP1, SETDB1-DNMT3A, SETDB1-PML, SETDB1-ATF7IP-MBD1) play crucial roles in the processes of histone methylation, transcriptional suppression and chromatin remodelling. Therefore, aberrant trimethylation at H3K9 due to amplification, mutation or deletion of SETDB1 may lead to transcriptional repression of various tumour-suppressing genes and other related genes in cancer cells. Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide in which SETDB1 amplification and H3K9 hypermethylation have been indicated as potential tumourigenesis markers. In contrast, frequent inactivation mutations of SETDB1 have been revealed in mesothelioma, an asbestos-associated, locally aggressive, highly lethal, and notoriously chemotherapy-resistant cancer. Above all, the different statuses of SETDB1 indicate that it may have different biological functions and be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in lung cancer and mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenbin Ou
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-86843303
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223
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Zhao C, Zhang Y, Zheng H. The Effects of Interferons on Allogeneic T Cell Response in GVHD: The Multifaced Biology and Epigenetic Regulations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717540. [PMID: 34305954 PMCID: PMC8297501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematological malignancies. This beneficial effect is derived mainly from graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects mediated by alloreactive T cells. However, these alloreactive T cells can also induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication after allo-HSCT. Significant progress has been made in the dissociation of GVL effects from GVHD by modulating alloreactive T cell immunity. However, many factors may influence alloreactive T cell responses in the host undergoing allo-HSCT, including the interaction of alloreactive T cells with both donor and recipient hematopoietic cells and host non-hematopoietic tissues, cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators. Interferons (IFNs), including type I IFNs and IFN-γ, primarily produced by monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells, play essential roles in regulating alloreactive T cell differentiation and function. Many studies have shown pleiotropic effects of IFNs on allogeneic T cell responses during GVH reaction. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are important to regulate IFNs’ production and function during GVHD. In this review, we discuss recent findings from preclinical models and clinical studies that characterize T cell responses regulated by IFNs and epigenetic mechanisms, and further discuss pharmacological approaches that modulate epigenetic effects in the setting of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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224
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Zhang W, Li S, Li K, Li LI, Yin P, Tong G. The role of protein arginine methyltransferase 7 in human developmentally arrested embryos cultured in vitro. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:925-932. [PMID: 34041522 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryos of in vitro fertilization (IVF) are often susceptible to developmental arrest, which greatly reduces the efficiency of IVF treatment. In recent years, it has been found that protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) plays an important role in the process of early embryonic development. However, not much is known about the relationship between PRMT7 and developmentally arrested embryos. The role of PRMT7 in developmentally arrested embryos was thus investigated in this study. Discarded human embryos from IVF were collected for experimental materials. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and confocal analyses were used to identify PRMT7 mRNA and protein levels in early embryos at different developmental stages, as well as changes in the methylation levels of H4R3me2s. Additionally, PRMT7 was knocked down in the developmentally arrested embryos to observe the further development of these embryos. Our results demonstrated that PRMT7 mRNA and protein levels in arrested embryos were significantly increased compared with those in control embryos; meanwhile, the methylation levels of H4R3me2s in arrested embryos were also increased significantly. Knockdown of PRMT7 could rescue partially developmentally arrested embryos, and even individual developmentally arrested embryos could develop into blastocysts. In conclusion, over-expression of PRMT7 disrupts the early embryo development process, leading to early embryos developmental arrest, but these developmentally arrested defects could be partially rescued by knockdown of the PRMT7 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kai Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - L i Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guoqing Tong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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225
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Kim YG, Bak MS, Kim A, Kim Y, Chae YC, Kim YL, Chun YS, An JY, Seo SB, Kim SJ, Lee YS. Kdm3b haploinsufficiency impairs the consolidation of cerebellum-dependent motor memory in mice. Mol Brain 2021; 14:106. [PMID: 34217333 PMCID: PMC8254933 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are a key mechanism underlying the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, which is critically involved in the consolidation of multiple forms of memory. However, the roles of histone modifications in cerebellum-dependent motor learning and memory are not well understood. To test whether changes in histone methylation are involved in cerebellar learning, we used heterozygous Kdm3b knockout (Kdm3b+/-) mice, which show reduced lysine 9 on histone 3 (H3K9) demethylase activity. H3K9 di-methylation is significantly increased selectively in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum of Kdm3b+/- mice. In the cerebellum-dependent optokinetic response (OKR) learning, Kdm3b+/- mice show deficits in memory consolidation, whereas they are normal in basal oculomotor performance and OKR acquisition. In addition, RNA-seq analyses revealed that the expression levels of several plasticity-related genes were altered in the mutant cerebellum. Our study suggests that active regulation of histone methylation is critical for the consolidation of cerebellar motor memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gyu Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Myeong Seong Bak
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ahbin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun-Cheol Chae
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Ye Lee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yang-Sook Chun
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Joon-Yong An
- Department of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Seo
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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226
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Hitchler MJ, Domann FE. The epigenetic and morphogenetic effects of molecular oxygen and its derived reactive species in development. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:70-84. [PMID: 33450377 PMCID: PMC8217084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms involves the unpacking of a complex genetic program. Extensive characterization of discrete developmental steps has revealed the genetic program is controlled by an epigenetic state. Shifting the epigenome is a group of epigenetic enzymes that modify DNA and proteins to regulate cell type specific gene expression. While the role of these modifications in development has been established, the input(s) responsible for electing changes in the epigenetic state remains unknown. Development is also associated with dynamic changes in cellular metabolism, redox, free radical production, and oxygen availability. It has previously been postulated that these changes are causal in development by affecting gene expression. This suggests that oxygen is a morphogenic compound that impacts the removal of epigenetic marks. Likewise, metabolism and reactive oxygen species influence redox signaling through iron and glutathione to limit the availability of key epigenetic cofactors such as α-ketoglutarate, ascorbate, NAD+ and S-adenosylmethionine. Given the close relationship between these cofactors and epigenetic marks it seems likely that the two are linked. Here we describe how changing these inputs might affect the epigenetic state during development to drive gene expression. Combined, these cofactors and reactive oxygen species constitute the epigenetic landscape guiding cells along differing developmental paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hitchler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4950 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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227
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Chen B, Zhu Y, Chen J, Feng Y, Xu Y. Activation of TC10-Like Transcription by Lysine Demethylase KDM4B in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:617549. [PMID: 34249900 PMCID: PMC8260841 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.617549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant colorectal cancers (CRCs) are characterized by enhanced migration and invasion thus acquiring the ability to metastasize. We have previously shown that the small GTPase TC10-like (TCL) contributes to aggressive migration and invasion in malignant CRC cells. TCL expression is differentially expressed in CRC cells and can be upregulated by hypoxia although the underlying epigenetic mechanism is not fully appreciated. Here, we report that differential TCL expression in CRC cells appeared to be associated with histone H3K9 methylation. RNAi screening revealed that the lysine demethylase KDM4B was essential for TCL transcription in CRC cells. KDM4B interacted with and was recruited by the sequence-specific transcription factor ETS-related gene 1 (ERG1) to the TCL promoter to activate transcription. Mechanistically, KDM4B mediated H3K9 demethylase facilitated the assembly of pre-initiation complex (PIC) on the TCL promoter. KDM4B knockdown attenuated migration and invasion of CRC cells. Importantly, KDM4B expression was upregulated in human CRC specimens of advanced stages compared to those of lower grades and associated with poor prognosis. Together, these data uncover a novel epigenetic mechanism underlying malignant transformation of CRC cells and suggest that KDM4B may be considered as a therapeutic target in CRC intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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228
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Nesbit N, Wallace R, Harihar S, Zhou M, Jung JY, Silberstein M, Lee PH. Genomewide alteration of histone H3K4 methylation underlies genetic vulnerability to psychopathology. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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229
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Sexual fate of murine external genitalia development: Conserved transcriptional competency for male-biased genes in both sexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024067118. [PMID: 34074765 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024067118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular androgen is a master endocrine factor in the establishment of external genital sex differences. The degree of androgenic exposure during development is well known to determine the fate of external genitalia on a spectrum of female- to male-specific phenotypes. However, the mechanisms of androgenic regulation underlying sex differentiation are poorly defined. Here, we show that the genomic environment for the expression of male-biased genes is conserved to acquire androgen responsiveness in both sexes. Histone H3 at lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) and H3K4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) are enriched at the enhancer of male-biased genes in an androgen-independent manner. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1), acting as a collaborative transcription factor of androgen receptor, regulates H3K27ac enrichment to establish conserved transcriptional competency for male-biased genes in both sexes. Genetic manipulation of MafB, a key regulator of male-specific differentiation, and Sp1 regulatory MafB enhancer elements disrupts male-type urethral differentiation. Altogether, these findings demonstrate conservation of androgen responsiveness in both sexes, providing insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying sexual fate during external genitalia development.
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230
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Keyvani-Ghamsari S, Khorsandi K, Rasul A, Zaman MK. Current understanding of epigenetics mechanism as a novel target in reducing cancer stem cells resistance. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:120. [PMID: 34051847 PMCID: PMC8164819 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, after extensive studies in the field of cancer, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed as a major factor in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. CSCs are a subpopulation of bulk tumors, with stem cell-like properties and tumorigenic capabilities, having the abilities of self-renewal and differentiation, thereby being able to generate heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells and lead to resistance toward anti-tumor treatments. Highly resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy, CSCs have heterogeneity and can migrate to different organs and metastasize. Recent studies have demonstrated that the population of CSCs and the progression of cancer are increased by the deregulation of different epigenetic pathways having effects on gene expression patterns and key pathways connected with cell proliferation and survival. Further, epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA methylations) have been revealed to be key drivers in the formation and maintenance of CSCs. Hence, identifying CSCs and targeting epigenetic pathways therein can offer new insights into the treatment of cancer. In the present review, recent studies are addressed in terms of the characteristics of CSCs, the resistance thereof, and the factors influencing the development thereof, with an emphasis on different types of epigenetic changes in genes and main signaling pathways involved therein. Finally, targeted therapy for CSCs by epigenetic drugs is referred to, which is a new approach in overcoming resistance and recurrence of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khatir Zaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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231
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Cheeseman K, Jannot G, Lourenço N, Villares M, Berthelet J, Calegari-Silva T, Hamroune J, Letourneur F, Rodrigues-Lima F, Weitzman JB. Dynamic methylation of histone H3K18 in differentiating Theileria parasites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3221. [PMID: 34050145 PMCID: PMC8163883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation on histone tails impacts genome regulation and cell fate determination in many developmental processes. Apicomplexa intracellular parasites cause major diseases and they have developed complex life cycles with fine-tuned differentiation events. Yet, apicomplexa genomes have few transcription factors and little is known about their epigenetic control systems. Tick-borne Theileria apicomplexa species have relatively small, compact genomes and a remarkable ability to transform leucocytes in their bovine hosts. Here we report enriched H3 lysine 18 monomethylation (H3K18me1) on the gene bodies of repressed genes in Theileria macroschizonts. Differentiation to merozoites (merogony) leads to decreased H3K18me1 in parasite nuclei. Pharmacological manipulation of H3K18 acetylation or methylation impacted parasite differentiation and expression of stage-specific genes. Finally, we identify a parasite SET-domain methyltransferase (TaSETup1) that can methylate H3K18 and represses gene expression. Thus, H3K18me1 emerges as an important epigenetic mark which controls gene expression and stage differentiation in Theileria parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cheeseman
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Jannot
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Lourenço
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marie Villares
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Functional and Adaptive Biology, CNRS, Paris, France
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232
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The transcription factor code: a beacon for histone methyltransferase docking. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:792-800. [PMID: 34016504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation is required for the establishment and maintenance of gene expression patterns that determine cellular identity, and its perturbation often leads to aberrant development and disease. Recruitment of histone methyltransferases (HMTs) to gene regulatory elements (GREs) of developmental genes is important for the correct activation and silencing of these genes, but the drivers of this recruitment are largely unknown. Here we propose that lineage-instructive transcription factors (Lin-TFs) act as general recruiters of HMT complexes to cell type-specific GREs through protein-protein interactions. We also postulate that the specificity of these interactions is dictated by Lin-TF post-translational modifications (PTMs), which act as a 'transcription factor code' that can determine the directionality of cell fate decisions during differentiation and development.
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233
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Yang T, Yang Y, Wang Y. Predictive biomarkers and potential drug combinations of epi-drugs in cancer therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:113. [PMID: 34001246 PMCID: PMC8130364 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics studies heritable genomic modifications that occur with the participation of epigenetic modifying enzymes but without alterations of the nucleotide structure. Small-molecule inhibitors of these epigenetic modifying enzymes are known as epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs), which can cause programmed death of tumor cells by affecting the cell cycle, angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration. Epi-drugs include histone methylation inhibitors, histone demethylation inhibitors, histone deacetylation inhibitors, and DNA methylation inhibitors. Currently, epi-drugs undergo extensive development, research, and application. Although epi-drugs have convincing anti-tumor effects, the patient's sensitivity to epi-drug application is also a fundamental clinical issue. The development and research of biomarkers for epi-drugs provide a promising direction for screening drug-sensitive patients. Here, we review the predictive biomarkers of 12 epi-drugs as well as the progress of combination therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs or immunotherapy. Further, we discuss the improvement in the development of natural ingredients with low toxicity and low side effects as epi-drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yunkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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234
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Mitsiogianni M, Anestopoulos I, Kyriakou S, Trafalis DT, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Benzyl and phenethyl isothiocyanates as promising epigenetic drug compounds by modulating histone acetylation and methylation marks in malignant melanoma. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1460-1468. [PMID: 33963962 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence rates globally. On the other hand, isothiocyanates are derived from cruciferous vegetables and are known to exert a wide range of anti-cancer activities including, among others, their ability to interact with the epigenome in order to supress cancer progression. The aim of this study was to determine the role of phenethyl and benzyl isothiocyanates in modulating histone acetylation and methylation as a potential epigenetic therapeutic strategy in an in vitro model of malignant melanoma. We report that both isothiocyanates induced cytotoxicity and influenced acetylation and methylation status of specific lysine residues on histones H3 and H4 by modulating the expression of various histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases and methyltransferases in malignant melanoma cells. Our data highlight novel insights on the interaction of isothiocyanates with components of the histone regulatory machinery in order to exert their anti-cancer action in malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioannis Anestopoulos
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK. .,Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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235
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Almeida L, Dhillon-LaBrooy A, Carriche G, Berod L, Sparwasser T. CD4 + T-cell differentiation and function: Unifying glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, polyamines NAD mitochondria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:16-32. [PMID: 33966898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The progression through different steps of T-cell development, activation, and effector function is tightly bound to specific cellular metabolic processes. Previous studies established that T-effector cells have a metabolic bias toward aerobic glycolysis, whereas naive and regulatory T cells mainly rely on oxidative phosphorylation. More recently, the field of immunometabolism has drifted away from the notion that mitochondrial metabolism holds little importance in T-cell activation and function. Of note, T cells possess metabolic promiscuity, which allows them to adapt their nutritional requirements according to the tissue environment. Altogether, the integration of these metabolic pathways culminates in the generation of not only energy but also intermediates, which can regulate epigenetic programs, leading to changes in T-cell fate. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on how glycolysis, amino acid catabolism, and fatty acid oxidation work together with the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the mitochondrion. We also emphasize the importance of the electron transport chain for T-cell immunity. We also discuss novel findings highlighting the role of key enzymes, accessory pathways, and posttranslational protein modifications that distinctively regulate T-cell function and might represent prominent candidates for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ayesha Dhillon-LaBrooy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Guilhermina Carriche
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), Hannover, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Mainz, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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236
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Fischer MA, Vondriska TM. Clinical epigenomics for cardiovascular disease: Diagnostics and therapies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:97-105. [PMID: 33561434 PMCID: PMC8330446 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of epigenomics has advanced in recent years to span the regulation of a single genetic locus to the structure and orientation of entire chromosomes within the nucleus. In this review, we focus on the challenges and opportunities of clinical epigenomics in cardiovascular disease. As an integrator of genetic and environmental inputs, and because of advances in measurement techniques that are highly reproducible and provide sequence information, the epigenome is a rich source of potential biosignatures of cardiovascular health and disease. Most of the studies to date have focused on the latter, and herein we discuss observations on epigenomic changes in human cardiovascular disease, examining the role of protein modifiers of chromatin, noncoding RNAs and DNA modification. We provide an overview of cardiovascular epigenomics, discussing the challenges of data sovereignty, data analysis, doctor-patient ethics and innovations necessary to implement precision health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Fischer
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
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237
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Lagunas-Rangel FA, Bazán-Tejeda ML, Bermúdez-Cruz RM. Ribosomal DNA in the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis has a differential chromatin distribution and epigenetic markings across the subunits. Acta Trop 2021; 217:105872. [PMID: 33639100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a parasite that causes a large number of diarrheal diseases around the world. It is noteworthy that in a large number of processes, Giardia requires fewer components than other eukaryotes, even without some organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes. Despite this, core histones are known to exist in Giardia and epigenetic marks have been found on them, suggesting that they somehow control the expression of certain genes. The regulation of the expression of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is essential, since it is required to maintain adequate levels of ribosomes and, given the nature of tandem repeat, it is a feasible area to create genomic instability. In Giardia, it is not known how this process occurs, but as in other eukaryotes, it is suggested through various epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, in the present work we seek to identify how chromatin is distributed through the Giardia rDNA and if there were histone marks that could control its expression.
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238
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Yu J, Wu Y, Li H, Zhou H, Shen C, Gao T, Lin M, Dai X, Ou J, Liu M, Huang X, Zheng B, Sun F. BMI1 Drives Steroidogenesis Through Epigenetically Repressing the p38 MAPK Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665089. [PMID: 33928089 PMCID: PMC8076678 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone biosynthesis progressively decreases in aging males primarily as a result of functional changes to Leydig cells. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying steroidogenesis remain largely unclear. Using gene knock-out approaches, we and others have recently identified Bmi1 as an anti-aging gene. Herein, we investigate the role of BMI1 in steroidogenesis using mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells. We show that BMI1 can positively regulate testosterone production. Mechanistically, in addition to its known role in antioxidant activity, we also report that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is activated, and testosterone levels reduced, in BMI1-deficient cells; however, the silencing of the p38 MAPK pathway restores testosterone production. Furthermore, we reveal that BMI1 directly binds to the promoter region of Map3k3, an upstream activator of p38, thereby modulating its chromatin status and repressing its expression. Consequently, this results in the inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway and the promotion of steroidogenesis. Our study uncovered a novel epigenetic mechanism in steroidogenesis involving BMI1-mediated gene silencing and provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuliang Dai
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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239
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Yang TJ, Yao MD, Sun YN, Li XM, Jiang Q, Yan B. Suppression of choroidal neovascularization by silencing of long non-coding RNA IPW. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:10584-10602. [PMID: 33833130 PMCID: PMC8064148 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as the key regulators in the pathogenesis of human disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA-IPW in the progression of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the underlying molecular mechanism. IPW was significantly up-regulated in the choroidal tissues of laser-induced CNV mice and in the endothelial cells in response to hypoxic stress. IPW silencing led to reduced formation of CNV in laser-induced CNV model and ex vivo choroidal sprouting model, which could achieve similar therapeutic effects of anti-VEGF on CNV formation. Silencing or transgenic overexpression of IPW could alter endothelial cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability in vitro. Mechanistically, IPW silencing led to increased expression of miR-370. Increased miR-370 could mimic the effects of IPW silencing on CNV formation and endothelial angiogenic phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. This study suggests that IPW silencing is a promising strategy for the treatment of neovascular ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jing Yang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Di Yao
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Sun
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Miao Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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240
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Cooperation between NRF2-mediated transcription and MDIG-dependent epigenetic modifications in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis and cancer stem cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:310-318. [PMID: 33823236 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to arsenic, a well-established carcinogen linked to a number of human cancers, is a public health concern in many areas of the world. Despite extensive studies on the molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, how initial cellular responses, such as activation of stress kinases and the generation of reactive oxygen species, converge to affect the transcriptional and/or epigenetic reprogramming required for the malignant transformation of normal cells or normal stem cells remains to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss some recent discoveries showing how the transcription factor NRF2 and an epigenetic regulator, MDIG, contribute to the arsenic-induced generation of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) as determined by applying CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and chromosome immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq).
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241
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Feng Y, Zhao X, Li Z, Luo C, Ruan Z, Xu J, Shen P, Deng Y, Jiang J, Shi D, Lu F. Histone Demethylase KDM4D Could Improve the Developmental Competence of Buffalo ( Bubalus Bubalis) Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) Embryos. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:409-419. [PMID: 33478599 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) holds vast potential in agriculture. However, its applications are still limited by its low efficiency. Histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) was identified as an epigenetic barrier for this. Histone demethylase KDM4D could regulate the level of H3K9me3. However, its effects on buffalo SCNT embryos are still unclear. Thus, we performed this study to explore the effects and underlying mechanism of KDM4D on buffalo SCNT embryos. The results revealed that compared with the IVF embryos, the expression level of KDM4D in SCNT embryos was significantly lower at 8- and 16-cell stage, while the level of H3K9me3 in SCNT embryos was significantly higher at 2-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst stage. Microinjection of KDM4D mRNA could promote the developmental ability of buffalo SCNT embryos. Furthermore, the expression level of ZGA-related genes such as ZSCAN5B, SNAI1, eIF-3a, and TRC at the 8-cell stage was significantly increased. Meanwhile, the pluripotency-related genes like POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG were also significantly promoted at the blastocyst stage. The results were reversed after KDM4D was inhibited. Altogether, these results revealed that KDM4D could correct the H3K9me3 level, increase the expression level of ZGA and pluripotency-related genes, and finally, promote the developmental competence of buffalo SCNT embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Feng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning530003, P.R. China
| | - Zhengda Li
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Chan Luo
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Ruan
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Penglei Shen
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Deng
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Jianrong Jiang
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- Animal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning530005, P.R. China
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242
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Pereira BMV, Katakia YT, Majumder S, Thieme K. Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of glomerular cells in kidney disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:785-803. [PMID: 33763722 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern and its prevalence and incidence are rising quickly. It is a non-communicable disease primarily caused by diabetes and/or hypertension and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research efforts, the pathogenesis of CKD remains a puzzle with missing pieces. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern the loss of kidney function is crucial. Abrupt regulation of gene expression in kidney cells is apparent in CKD and shown to be responsible for disease onset and progression. Gene expression regulation extends beyond DNA sequence and involves epigenetic mechanisms including changes in DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of histones, driven by the activity of specific enzymes. Recent advances demonstrate the essential participation of epigenetics in kidney (patho)physiology, as its actions regulate both the integrity of cells but also triggers deleterious signaling pathways. Here, we review the known epigenetic processes regulating the complex filtration unit of the kidney, the glomeruli. The review will elaborate on novel insights into how epigenetics contributes to cell injury in the CKD setting majorly focusing on kidney glomerular cells: the glomerular endothelial cells, the mesangial cells, and the specialized and terminally differentiated podocyte cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yash T Katakia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Karina Thieme
- Laboratório de Bases Celulares e Moleculares da Fisiologia Renal, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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243
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Theis A, Singer RA, Garofalo D, Paul A, Narayana A, Sussel L. Groucho co-repressor proteins regulate β cell development and proliferation by repressing Foxa1 in the developing mouse pancreas. Development 2021; 148:dev.192401. [PMID: 33658226 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Groucho-related genes (GRGs) are transcriptional co-repressors that are crucial for many developmental processes. Several essential pancreatic transcription factors are capable of interacting with GRGs; however, the in vivo role of GRG-mediated transcriptional repression in pancreas development is still not well understood. In this study, we used complex mouse genetics and transcriptomic analyses to determine that GRG3 is essential for β cell development, and in the absence of Grg3 there is compensatory upregulation of Grg4 Grg3/4 double mutant mice have severe dysregulation of the pancreas gene program with ectopic expression of canonical liver genes and Foxa1, a master regulator of the liver program. Neurod1, an essential β cell transcription factor and predicted target of Foxa1, becomes downregulated in Grg3/4 mutants, resulting in reduced β cell proliferation, hyperglycemia, and early lethality. These findings uncover novel functions of GRG-mediated repression during pancreas development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Theis
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth A Singer
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana Garofalo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Paul
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Graduate program in Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anila Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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244
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The relationship among Girdin DNA methylation, its high expression, and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clues from in silico analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228012. [PMID: 33660763 PMCID: PMC7960887 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship among Girdin DNA methylation, its high expression, and immune infiltration in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases were used to compare Girdin mRNA expression between HCC tissues and normal tissues, and determine the relationship between Girdin expression and HCC prognosis. TCGA database was also used to analyze the expression of Girdin and its methylation status, as well as the relationship between Girdin DNA methylation and HCC prognosis. The Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was used to explore the correlation between Girdin expression and HCC immune infiltration. Results: Girdin expression was elevated in HCC tissues compared with that in normal tissues. The degree of methylation at cg03188526, a CpG site in the Girdin gene body, was positively correlated with Girdin mRNA expression, while high Girdin expression and cg03188526 hypermethylation were both correlated with poor HCC prognosis. Additionally, HCC tissue with high Girdin expression exhibited abundant immune infiltration, and the high Girdin expression was associated with a worse prognosis in macrophage-enriched HCC specimens. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that Girdin likely functions as an oncogene in HCC and that hypermethylation at cg03188526 in the Girdin gene body may explain the high Girdin expression levels in HCC tissue. Furthermore, we report for the first time that the adverse effects of high Girdin expression in HCC patients may be partially mediated by tumor macrophage infiltration.
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245
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Li H, Cui D, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Gan L, Liu Y, Pan Y, Zhou X, Wan M. Bisphenol A Exposure Disrupts Enamel Formation via EZH2-Mediated H3K27me3. J Dent Res 2021; 100:847-857. [PMID: 33655795 DOI: 10.1177/0022034521995798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enamel formation is a serial and complex biological process, during which related genes are expressed progressively in a spatiotemporal manner. This process is vulnerable to environmental cues, resulting in developmental defects of enamel (DDE). However, how environmental factors are biologically integrated during enamel formation is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of DDE elicited by a model endocrine-disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), in mouse incisors. We show that BPA exposure leads to DDE in mouse incisors, as well as excessive proliferation in dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells. Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and immunofluorescence staining revealed that this effect was accompanied by upregulation of a repressive mark, H3K27me3, in the labial cervical loop of mouse incisors. Perturbation of H3K27me3 methyltransferase EZH2 repressed the level of H3K27me3 and partially attenuated the excessive proliferation in dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells and DDE induced by BPA exposure. Overall, our results demonstrate the essential role of repressive histone modification H3K27me3 in DDE elicited by exposure to an endocrine-disrupting chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - D Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - L Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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246
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Tjalsma SJD, Hori M, Sato Y, Bousard A, Ohi A, Raposo AC, Roensch J, Le Saux A, Nogami J, Maehara K, Kujirai T, Handa T, Bagés‐Arnal S, Ohkawa Y, Kurumizaka H, da Rocha ST, Żylicz JJ, Kimura H, Heard E. H4K20me1 and H3K27me3 are concurrently loaded onto the inactive X chromosome but dispensable for inducing gene silencing. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51989. [PMID: 33605056 PMCID: PMC7926250 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During X chromosome inactivation (XCI), in female placental mammals, gene silencing is initiated by the Xist long non-coding RNA. Xist accumulation at the X leads to enrichment of specific chromatin marks, including PRC2-dependent H3K27me3 and SETD8-dependent H4K20me1. However, the dynamics of this process in relation to Xist RNA accumulation remains unknown as is the involvement of H4K20me1 in initiating gene silencing. To follow XCI dynamics in living cells, we developed a genetically encoded, H3K27me3-specific intracellular antibody or H3K27me3-mintbody. By combining live-cell imaging of H3K27me3, H4K20me1, the X chromosome and Xist RNA, with ChIP-seq analysis we uncover concurrent accumulation of both marks during XCI, albeit with distinct genomic distributions. Furthermore, using a Xist B and C repeat mutant, which still shows gene silencing on the X but not H3K27me3 deposition, we also find a complete lack of H4K20me1 enrichment. This demonstrates that H4K20me1 is dispensable for the initiation of gene silencing, although it may have a role in the chromatin compaction that characterises facultative heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J D Tjalsma
- Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics GroupInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Mayako Hori
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
- Cell Biology CenterInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Aurelie Bousard
- Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics GroupInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Akito Ohi
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Ana Cláudia Raposo
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina MolecularJoão Lobo AntunesUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Julia Roensch
- Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics GroupInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Agnes Le Saux
- Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics GroupInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934PSL UniversityParisFrance
| | - Jumpei Nogami
- Division of TranscriptomicsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kazumitsu Maehara
- Division of TranscriptomicsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative BiosciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Handa
- Cell Biology CenterInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Sandra Bagés‐Arnal
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell BiologyCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of TranscriptomicsMedical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Simão Teixeira da Rocha
- Faculdade de MedicinaInstituto de Medicina MolecularJoão Lobo AntunesUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Jan J Żylicz
- Mammalian Developmental Epigenetics GroupInstitut CurieCNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934PSL UniversityParisFrance
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell BiologyCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and BiotechnologyTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
- Cell Biology CenterInstitute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohamaJapan
| | - Edith Heard
- EMBL HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Collège de FranceParisFrance
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247
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Wang M, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Impacts of Epigenetic Processes on the Health and Productivity of Livestock. Front Genet 2021; 11:613636. [PMID: 33708235 PMCID: PMC7942785 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.613636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes in the epigenome resulting from the intricate interactions of genetic and environmental factors play crucial roles in individual growth and development. Numerous studies in plants, rodents, and humans have provided evidence of the regulatory roles of epigenetic processes in health and disease. There is increasing pressure to increase livestock production in light of increasing food needs of an expanding human population and environment challenges, but there is limited related epigenetic data on livestock to complement genomic information and support advances in improvement breeding and health management. This review examines the recent discoveries on epigenetic processes due to DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin remodeling and their impacts on health and production traits in farm animals, including bovine, swine, sheep, goat, and poultry species. Most of the reports focused on epigenome profiling at the genome-wide or specific genic regions in response to developmental processes, environmental stressors, nutrition, and disease pathogens. The bulk of available data mainly characterized the epigenetic markers in tissues/organs or in relation to traits and detection of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms underlying livestock phenotype diversity. However, available data is inadequate to support gainful exploitation of epigenetic processes for improved animal health and productivity management. Increased research effort, which is vital to elucidate how epigenetic mechanisms affect the health and productivity of livestock, is currently limited due to several factors including lack of adequate analytical tools. In this review, we (1) summarize available evidence of the impacts of epigenetic processes on livestock production and health traits, (2) discuss the application of epigenetics data in livestock production, and (3) present gaps in livestock epigenetics research. Knowledge of the epigenetic factors influencing livestock health and productivity is vital for the management and improvement of livestock productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Marín-García PJ, Llobat L. How Does Protein Nutrition Affect the Epigenetic Changes in Pig? A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020544. [PMID: 33669864 PMCID: PMC7923233 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression and depend of nutrition. In farm animals, and concretely, in pigs, some papers on protein nutrition have been realized to improve several productive traits. Changes in protein diet influence on epigenetic mechanisms that could affect productive and reproductive traits in individuals and their offspring. The purpose of this review was to update the current knowledge about the effects of these nutritional changes on epigenetic mechanisms in pigs. Abstract Epigenetic changes regulate gene expression and depend of external factors, such as environment and nutrition. In pigs, several studies on protein nutrition have been performed to improve productive and reproductive traits. Indeed, these studies aimed not only to determine broad protein requirements but also pigs’ essential amino acids requirements. Moreover, recent studies tried to determine these nutritional requirements for each individual, which is known as protein precision nutrition. However, nutritional changes could affect different epigenetic mechanisms, modifying metabolic pathways both in a given individual and its offspring. Modifications in protein nutrition, such as change in the amino acid profile, increase or decrease in protein levels, or the addition of metabolites that condition protein requirements, could affect the regulation of some genes, such as myostatin, insulin growth factor, or genes controlling cholesterol and glucose metabolism pathways. This review summarizes the impact of most common protein nutritional strategies on epigenetic changes and describes their effects on regulation of gene expression in pigs. In a context where animal nutrition is shifting towards precision protein nutrition (PPN), further studies evaluating the effects of PPN on animal epigenetic are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jesús Marín-García
- Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lola Llobat
- Grupo de Fisiopatología de la Reproducción, Departamento Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Carpenter BS, Lee TW, Plott CF, Rodriguez JD, Brockett JS, Myrick DA, Katz DJ. Caenorhabditis elegans establishes germline versus soma by balancing inherited histone methylation. Development 2021; 148:dev.196600. [PMID: 33462111 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a zygote is coupled with extensive epigenetic reprogramming to enable appropriate inheritance of histone methylation and prevent developmental delays. In Caenorhabditis elegans, this reprogramming is mediated by the H3K4me2 demethylase SPR-5 and the H3K9 methyltransferase, MET-2. In contrast, the H3K36 methyltransferase MES-4 maintains H3K36me2/3 at germline genes between generations to facilitate re-establishment of the germline. To determine whether the MES-4 germline inheritance pathway antagonizes spr-5; met-2 reprogramming, we examined the interaction between these two pathways. We found that the developmental delay of spr-5; met-2 mutant progeny is associated with ectopic H3K36me3 and the ectopic expression of MES-4-targeted germline genes in somatic tissues. Furthermore, the developmental delay is dependent upon MES-4 and the H3K4 methyltransferase, SET-2. We propose that MES-4 prevents crucial germline genes from being repressed by antagonizing maternal spr-5; met-2 reprogramming. Thus, the balance of inherited histone modifications is necessary to distinguish germline versus soma and prevent developmental delay.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Carpenter
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - Teresa W Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - Caroline F Plott
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan D Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - Jovan S Brockett
- Department of Biology, Oglethorpe University, Atlanta GA 30319, USA
| | - Dexter A Myrick
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - David J Katz
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
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Bright AR, van Genesen S, Li Q, Grasso A, Frölich S, van der Sande M, van Heeringen SJ, Veenstra GJC. Combinatorial transcription factor activities on open chromatin induce embryonic heterogeneity in vertebrates. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104913. [PMID: 33555045 PMCID: PMC8090851 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate gastrulation, mesoderm is induced in pluripotent cells, concomitant with dorsal‐ventral patterning and establishing of the dorsal axis. We applied single‐cell chromatin accessibility and transcriptome analyses to explore the emergence of cellular heterogeneity during gastrulation in Xenopus tropicalis. Transcriptionally inactive lineage‐restricted genes exhibit relatively open chromatin in animal caps, whereas chromatin accessibility in dorsal marginal zone cells more closely reflects transcriptional activity. We characterized single‐cell trajectories and identified head and trunk organizer cell clusters in early gastrulae. By integrating chromatin accessibility and transcriptome data, we inferred the activity of transcription factors in single‐cell clusters and tested the activity of organizer‐expressed transcription factors in animal caps, alone or in combination. The expression profile induced by a combination of Foxb1 and Eomes most closely resembles that observed in the head organizer. Genes induced by Eomes, Otx2, or the Irx3‐Otx2 combination are enriched for maternally regulated H3K4me3 modifications, whereas Lhx8‐induced genes are marked more frequently by zygotically controlled H3K4me3. Taken together, our results show that transcription factors cooperate in a combinatorial fashion in generally open chromatin to orchestrate zygotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rose Bright
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siebe van Genesen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Qingqing Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexia Grasso
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Siebren Frölich
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van der Sande
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J van Heeringen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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