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Tonea A, Badea M, Oana L, Sava S, Vodnar D. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of endodontic intracanal medications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 90:344-347. [PMID: 28781531 PMCID: PMC5536214 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The sterilization of the entire root canal system represents the main goal of every endodontist, given the fact that the control of the microbial flora is the key point of every root canal treatment. The diversity of microorganisms found inside the root canal and also the resistance of some bacterial species to intracanal medications led to a continuous development of new endodontic products. The present study focuses on the comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of different endodontic products, two commercially available, one experimental plant based extract, and two control substances. METHODS The disc diffusion assay was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, a mix extract between Arctium lappa root powder and Aloe barbadensis Miller gel, Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and Fluconazole (as control substances). Two of the most common microorganisms found in endodontic infections were chosen: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans ATCC(10231). RESULTS All tested substances showed inhibition zones around the discs, for Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, including the experimental mix extract of Arctium lappa root powder with Aloe vera gel. CONCLUSION The experimental mix extract of Arctium lappa root powder and Aloe vera gel is able to inhibit very resistant microorganisms, like Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrada Tonea
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mandra Badea
- Department of Prevention in Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviu Oana
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Propedeutics, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorina Sava
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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202
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Effects of Diode Laser, Gaseous Ozone, and Medical Dressings on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms in the Root Canal Ex Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6321850. [PMID: 28567421 PMCID: PMC5439256 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6321850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to compare the antibacterial effects of adjunctive disinfection using diode laser and gaseous ozone compared to the medical dressings calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and chlorhexidine gel (CHX-Gel) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in human root canals ex vivo. Root canals of 180 human extracted teeth were infected by E. faecalis and divided into 3 main groups (G): G1, control; G2, instrumentation and irrigation using 0.9% NaCl; G3, instrumentation and irrigation using 1% NaOCl. In each main group, the following treatments were applied: gaseous ozone, diode laser, and medical dressings of Ca(OH)2 or CHX-Gel for 7 days (n = 15). Reduction of colony forming units (CFUs) inside the root canal of planktons and frequencies of adherent bacteria after treatment were calculated. Bacterial reduction was significantly affected by the irrigation protocol (p < 0.0005) and the disinfection method (p < 0.0005), and a significant interaction between both factors could be observed (p < 0.0005; ANOVA). In G3 (instrumentation using 1% NaOCl), no significant effect of disinfection methods could be demonstrated on planktonic bacteria (p = 0.062; ANOVA) and frequencies of adherent bacteria (p > 0.05; chi-square test). Instrumentation and irrigation using NaOCl combined with ozone or laser application resulted in comparable bacterial reduction on E. faecalis to the application of medical dressings.
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203
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Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Effects of a New Fast-Set MTA. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2071247. [PMID: 28303246 PMCID: PMC5337838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2071247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To compare the biocompatibility and antimicrobial effectiveness of the new Fast-Set MTA (FS-MTA) with ProRoot MTA (RS-MTA). Methods. The agar overlay method with neutral red dye was used. L929 mouse fibroblast cells were cultured. The liquid and oil extracts and solid test material were placed on the agar overlay, four samples for each material. Phenol was used as the positive control and cottonseed oil and MEM extracts were used as negative controls. Cytotoxicity was examined by measuring the zones of decolorization and evaluating cell lysis under an inverted microscope using the established criteria after 24 and 48 hours. The antimicrobial test was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method against S. mutans, E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia. The size of the zone of inhibition was measured in millimeters. Results. There was no zone of decolorization seen under or around the test materials for FS-MTA and RS-MTA at 24 and 48 hours. The antimicrobial test demonstrated no inhibitory effect of FS-MTA or RS-MTA on any bacterial species after 24 and 48 hours. Conclusions. There was no cytotoxicity or bacterial inhibition observed by the new Fast-Set MTA when compared to the ProRoot MTA after setting.
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204
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Urban K, Donnermeyer D, Schäfer E, Bürklein S. Canal cleanliness using different irrigation activation systems: a SEM evaluation. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:2681-2687. [PMID: 28185091 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of different final irrigation activation methods in removing debris and smear layer in the apical, middle, and coronal portion of straight root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Straight root canals of 58 freshly extracted mandibular premolars were used. Root canals were prepared to size 40.06. Irrigation was performed using 3% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were divided into four equal groups (n = 12) according to the irrigation activation techniques: (A) manual irrigation (MI), (B) EndoActivator (EA) (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), (C) sonic activation EDDY (EDDY; VDW, Munich, Germany), and (D) passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Ten teeth served as negative controls. Roots were split longitudinally, and the canal walls were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The presence of debris and smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical levels were evaluated using a 5-point scoring system and statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests. RESULTS Canal cleanliness decreased from coronal to apical (P = 0.035). Significantly more debris was removed with EA, EDDY, and PUI compared to MI (P < 0.001; total values), but no differences were observed in the different portions of the root canals (P > 0.05). Smear layer removal with PUI, EA, and EDDY was not significantly different (P > 0.05), but only EDDY and PUI were superior to MI (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION All activation methods created nearly debris-free canal walls and were superior compared to manual irrigation (P < 0.001). EDDY and PUI also showed significantly better smear layer scores compared to manual irrigation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The sonic activation system EDDY performed equally as well as PUI, and both methods were significantly superior compared with manual irrigation in straight root canals with regard to debris and smear layer removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urban
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - D Donnermeyer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - S Bürklein
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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205
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Hillesheim LC, Hoffmann JB, Schuldt DPV, Tedesco M, Bortoluzzi EA, Teixeira CS. Intracanal Irrigating Solutions Prior to Calcium Hydroxide Medication and Its Effects on Root Dentin Strength. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:46-50. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201700698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intracanal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) prior to calcium hydroxide medication on the compressive strength of root dentin. Forty-eight roots with single and straight canals were instrumented with a crown-down technique using Flexofile files and Gates Glidden burs, under 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) irrigation. Root canals were randomly separated into 4 groups (n=12), according to the irrigating solution: Control Group, 0.9% NaCl; GroupNaOCl, 1% NaOCl; GroupEDTA, 17% EDTA; and GroupEDTA+NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl. Solutions remained for 40 min, renewed every 10 min, except for GroupEDTA+NaOCl, where the solutions were alternated every 10 min. Canals were dried and filled with calcium hydroxide paste, and radiographed. Each canal was sealed and stored at 37 °C for 30 days. After this period, the roots were cut 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction and 6 mm apically from this point in order to obtain 6 mm-long cylinders. The compressive test was conducted with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The means (±SD) (MPa) of compressive strength were: Control Group, 151.23±94.36; GroupNaOCl, 167.50±57.25; GroupEDTA, 108.79±99.88; GroupEDTA+NaOCl, 60.12±92.10. Significant statistical differences among groups were found (ANOVA and Tukey, a=5%, p=0.02). Control Group and GroupNaOCl showed higher means of compressive strength than GroupEDTA+NaOCl. Intracanal irrigation with 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl produced a significant reduction of dentin compressive strength 30 days after medication with calcium hydroxide.
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206
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Aksel H, Askerbeyli-Örs S, Deniz-Sungur D. Vertical root fracture resistance of simulated immature permanent teeth filled with MTA using different vehicles. J Clin Exp Dent 2017; 9:e178-e181. [PMID: 28210431 PMCID: PMC5303313 DOI: 10.4317/jced.53121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to evaluate the resistance vertical root fracture (VRF) of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) filled-immature permanent roots by using three different vehicles. Material and Methods Forty-extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and the root length was standardized to the length of 9 mm. For simulation of immature tooth apices, peeso reamers were introduced into the root canals and the prepared roots were assigned into three experimental groups according the used vehicle (distilled water-DW, prophylene glycol-PG, chlorhexidine-CHX) and control group (n=10). To simulate a periodontal membrane, the apical 7 mm of all roots was covered with wax to obtain a 0.2- to 0.3-mm-thick layer before embedding the roots into acrylic cylinders. A vertical force was applied (1mm/min) using a universal testing machine and the maximum load (F-max) that fracture occurred and the fracture mode (splint or comminuted) was recorded. Data were presented as mean and standard deviations. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U Test was used for multiple comparisons. Results There were significant differences between fracture strength of experimental groups with that of control group (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found amongst the fracture strength values of the experimental groups (p>0.05). In all groups, split fracture was the most common fracture mode. Conclusions MTA increases resistance of immature permanent teeth to VRF. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that mixing MTA with CHX or PG as the vehicle do not alter VRF resistance of simulated immature permanent roots. Key words:Immature teeth, MTA, vehicle, vertical root fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Aksel
- DDS, PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Askerbeyli-Örs
- DDS, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Deniz-Sungur
- DDS, PhD, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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207
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Rosen E, Tsesis I, Elbahary S, Storzi N, Kolodkin-Gal I. Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms on Human Dentin. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2055. [PMID: 28082955 PMCID: PMC5183576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This work assesses different methods to interfere with Enterococcus faecalis biofilms formed on human dentin slabs. Methods: First, methods are presented that select for small molecule inhibitors of biofilm targets using multi-well polystyrene biofilm plates. Next, we establish methodologies to study and interfere with biofilm formation on a medically relevant model, whereby biofilms are grown on human root dentin slabs. Results: Non-conventional D-amino acid (D-Leucine) can efficiently disperse biofilms formed on dentin slabs without disturbing planktonic growth. Cation chelators interfere with biofilm formation on dentin slabs and polystyrene surfaces, and modestly impact planktonic growth. Strikingly, sodium hypochlorite, the treatment conventionally used to decontaminate infected root canal systems, was extremely toxic to planktonic bacteria, but did not eradicate biofilm cells. Instead, it induced a viable but non-culturable state in biofilm cells when grown on dentin slabs. Conclusion: Sodium hypochlorite may contribute to bacterial persistence. A combination of the methods described here can greatly contribute to the development of biofilm inhibitors and therapies to treat Enterococcus faecalis infections formed in the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Rosen
- Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Igor Tsesis
- Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Elbahary
- Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nimrod Storzi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel
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208
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In Vitro Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher with 2 Different Protocols on Biofilm Removal from Apical Root Canals. J Endod 2016; 43:321-325. [PMID: 27939826 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the XP-endo Finisher (XPF; FKG Dentaire SA, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) in biofilm removal in comparison with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) using an infected tooth model with an artificial apical groove. METHODS Fifty-four extracted human single-rooted premolars were selected. Each tooth was split longitudinally into 2 halves, with a groove made in the apical segment of the canal wall. After growing mixed bacteria biofilm for 4 weeks, the split halves were reassembled and instrumented using Vortex Blue files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) to size 40/.06. The instrumented teeth were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 8) according to the final irrigation protocol. Three different techniques (CNI, PUI, and XPF) were performed each with either continuous irrigation or 3-step irrigation. Scanning electron microscopic images were taken to evaluate the amount of residual biofilm inside and outside the groove. RESULTS Robust growth of biofilm was observed in each canal of the controls after 4 weeks. XPF showed the best biofilm removal efficacy inside and outside the groove followed by PUI and CNI (P < .05). The XPF 2 group using the 3-step protocol showed better antibiofilm efficiency than the XPF 1 group with continuous irrigation inside the groove (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The XP-endo Finisher, as an irrigation agitation technique, may help to remove biofilm from hard-to-reach areas in the root canal system. The 3-step irrigation protocol was more effective than continuous irrigation when XPF was used.
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209
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Wang Z, Maezono H, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Evaluation of Root Canal Dentin Erosion after Different Irrigation Methods Using Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. J Endod 2016; 42:1834-1839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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210
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Keleş A, Alçin H, Sousa-Neto MD, Versiani MA. Supplementary Steps for Removing Hard Tissue Debris from Isthmus-containing Canal Systems. J Endod 2016; 42:1677-1682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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211
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Bartolo A, Koyess E, Camilleri J, Micallef C. Model assessing thermal changes during high temperature root canal irrigation. Healthc Technol Lett 2016; 3:247-251. [PMID: 27733934 DOI: 10.1049/htl.2016.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of root canal irrigation is to eliminate micro-organisms. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is considered to be the ideal material and raising its temperature potentiates the antimicrobial activity. NaOCl may lead to localised tissue necrosis when extruded past the root apex. This study analyses the use of high temperature root canal irrigation as an alternative process for the elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system. An experimental set-up was designed where a constant supply of heat was passed from a heat source through a copper wire inside the root canal. The data acquired together with known constants pertaining to enamel and dentine was used to numerically model the thermal changes in a tooth using a finite element method. Results obtained from the finite element thermal model of the tooth were repeatable and were validated with the experimental results. The thermo-physical properties of the tooth were varied and convergence criteria met. The temperatures reached were below what has been reported to cause irreversible damage to the bone. This was further confirmed from a series of simulations that were undertaken. The temperatures achieved were suitable for the elimination of microorganisms during root canal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analise Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Edmond Koyess
- Department of Endodontics , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Josette Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Surgery , University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Christopher Micallef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malta , Msida , Malta
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212
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Garlapati R, Venigalla BS, Surakanti JR, Thumu J, Chennamaneni KC, Kalluru RS. Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Two Antibiotics Sparfloxacin and Augmentin as Experimental Root Canal Irrigating Solutions against Enterococcus faecalis - An Invitro Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC57-60. [PMID: 27135003 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17199.7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the main goals of endodontic treatment is root canal disinfection and to prevent subsequent chances of reinfection. Adjuvant to instrumentation, root canal irrigants are required to eliminate the bacteria found on the root canal walls and lateral canals within the dentinal tubules. AIM To measure and compare the antibacterial efficacy of two antibiotics as experimental root canal irrigating solutions against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen Brain Heart Infusion agar plates were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis-American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212. 5 micrograms (mcg) Sparfloxacin discs, 30mcg Augmentin discs, and sterile paper test discs saturated with 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX), 3% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 5% NaOCl solutions were placed on agar plates. Sodium Chloride 0.9% (NaCl) paper discs were used as controls. Fifteen plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C. Results were expressed as per the terms of the diameter of the inhibition zone. RESULTS Results suggested a statistically significant difference in the zones of inhibition between five irrigating solutions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although, zones of inhibition were found in all the groups, 5mcg Sparfloxacin and 30mcg Augmentin showed maximum antimicrobial activity against E.faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopadevi Garlapati
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences , Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Bhuvan Shome Venigalla
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jayaprada Reddy Surakanti
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences , Narketpally, Telangana, India
| | - Jayaprakash Thumu
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, St. Joseph Dental College , Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Chennamaneni
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery , Vikarabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rama S Kalluru
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences , Andhra Pradesh, India
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213
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Leoni GB, Versiani MA, Silva-Sousa YT, Bruniera JFB, Pécora JD, Sousa-Neto MD. Ex vivoevaluation of four final irrigation protocols on the removal of hard-tissue debris from the mesial root canal system of mandibular first molars. Int Endod J 2016; 50:398-406. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Leoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. A. Versiani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Y. T. Silva-Sousa
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - J. F. B. Bruniera
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - J. D. Pécora
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. D. Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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214
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Evaluation of photodynamic therapy on fibroblast viability and cytokine production. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 13:97-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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215
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Pladisai P, Ampornaramveth RS, Chivatxaranukul P. Effectiveness of Different Disinfection Protocols on the Reduction of Bacteria in Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm in Teeth with Large Root Canals. J Endod 2016; 42:460-4. [PMID: 26830428 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the effectiveness of different disinfection protocols in reducing bacteria in an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in teeth with large root canals. METHODS Fifty-five roots were prepared from human mandibular premolars with large single root canals, and 50 roots were infected with E. faecalis for 21 days. Four roots were observed using scanning electron microscopy to verify biofilm formation. The remaining specimens were assigned into 5 experimental groups and a sterile control group: mechanical instrumentation using files size 60-90 and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (MI-N), irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl (IR-N), irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl using intermittent passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI-N), irrigation with normal saline, and no intervention (initial). After root canal disinfection, dentin specimens were collected for microbial analysis. Mean colony forming units were determined and compared between groups using 1-way analysis of variance. RESULTS The lowest number of intracanal bacteria (24.5 colony-forming units/mL) was recovered from the MI-N group followed by the PUI-N and IR-N groups. The irrigation with normal saline group did not show a significant reduction compared with the initial group. However, there were significant differences between groups (P < .01). The remaining bacteria in the PUI-N group was 4.5-fold lower compared with the IR-N group; however, it was 1862-fold higher compared with the MI-N group. CONCLUSIONS MI-N was the most effective method to disinfect large root canals. Although ultrasonic activation enhanced the efficacy of root canal irrigation, it could not substitute for mechanical instrumentation even in large root canals with unlimited irrigant access to the apical portion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patinee Pladisai
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pavena Chivatxaranukul
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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216
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Versiani MA, Alves FRF, Andrade-Junior CV, Marceliano-Alves MF, Provenzano JC, Rôças IN, Sousa-Neto MD, Siqueira JF. Micro-CT evaluation of the efficacy of hard-tissue removal from the root canal and isthmus area by positive and negative pressure irrigation systems. Int Endod J 2015; 49:1079-1087. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Versiani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - F. R. F. Alves
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - C. V. Andrade-Junior
- Department of Health; Dentistry Division; Southwest State University of Bahia; Jequié Brazil
| | - M. F. Marceliano-Alves
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - J. C. Provenzano
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - I. N. Rôças
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - M. D. Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - J. F. Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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217
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Chiniforush N, Pourhajibagher M, Shahabi S, Bahador A. Clinical Approach of High Technology Techniques for Control and Elimination of Endodontic Microbiota. J Lasers Med Sci 2015; 6:139-50. [PMID: 26705458 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2015.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main goal in endodontic treatment is to eradicate or at least reduce intraradicular microbial population to levels that are more compatible with periapical lesions healing process. Since endodontic infections are polymicrobial in nature, intraradicular survival of endodontic microbiota and their pathogenic properties are influenced by a combination of their virulence factors. The purpose of this article is to review the endodontic microbiota and their respective virulence attributes, as well as perform a literature review of the effects of disinfection procedures in the treatment of endodontic infections to gain best practices. Conventional technique for root canal preparation includes mechanical debridement and application of antimicrobial irrigants. Recently, laser irradiation has been used to enhance the results of root canal treatment through its thermal effect. To reduce thermal side effects, laser activated irrigation (LAI) and photon induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) were introduced. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) by photochemical reaction uses light at a specific wavelength to activate a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to produce cytotoxic products. Different PSs are used in dentistry including methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue O (TBO), indocyanine green (ICG) and curcumin. Among different options, ICG could be the best choice due to its peak absorption at wavelength of 808 nm, which coincides with the commercial diode laser devices. Also, this wavelength has more penetration depth compared to other wavelengths used in aPDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Dental Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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218
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Evaluation of Root Canal Debridement of Human Molars Using the GentleWave System. J Endod 2015; 41:1701-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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219
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Suman JM, Kuga MC, Da Rosa RA, Santini MF, Grazziotin-Soares R, Montagner F, Só MVR. Antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine after final irrigation with ethanol: CLSM and culture-based method analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:682-7. [PMID: 26138134 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 95% ethanol on the antibacterial properties of 2% chlorexidine (CHX) over monospecies biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis) through a culture-based method, and over multispecies biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). For monospecies model, E. faecalis biofilm was induced in 40 root canals. The irrigation procedures were: S-saline solution; S/CHX-saline solution + CHX; E-ethanol; and E/CHX-ethanol + CHX. Microbial sampling was performed at three periods: before (S1), immediately after (S2), and 72 h after the final flush (S3). For multispecies biofilm model, 28 sterilized bovine dentin blocks were fixed on a removable orthodontic device to allow intraoral biofilm development. Seven samples were used in each group. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's test for multiple comparisons. There was a significant reduction in CFUs count immediately after the final flush (S2) in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). However, only S/CHX, E and E/CHX groups had CFU counts close to zero, without differences among them (P > 0.05). After 72h (S3), the S/CHX and E/CHX groups had CFU counts near zero (P > 0.05). The CFU count increased in S3 for S and E groups (P < 0.05). CLSM showed that the percentages of remaining live cells were similar in S/CHX, E, and E/CHX groups (P > 0.05). The S group had the highest percentage of live cells (P < 0.05). The 95% ethanol did not interfere in the antibacterial properties of 2% CHX over mono- and multispecies biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Martins Suman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu Da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manuela Favarin Santini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renata Grazziotin-Soares
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcus ViníCius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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220
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Wang Y, Xiao S, Ma D, Huang X, Cai Z. Minimizing Concentration of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canal Irrigation by Combination of Ultrasonic Irrigation with Photodynamic Treatment. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:937-41. [PMID: 25892274 DOI: 10.1111/php.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhuang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology (FMU); Fujian Province University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Suli Xiao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology (FMU); Fujian Province University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Dianfu Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- Fujian Anxi County Hospital; Quanzhou Fujian China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology (FMU); Fujian Province University; Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Zhiyu Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou Fujian China
- Department of Stomatology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; Fuzhou Fujian China
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221
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Cardinali F, Fornara R, Gorni F, Gagliani M. La risoluzione delle complessità nei ritrattamenti. DENTAL CADMOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0011-8524(14)70242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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222
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Bolfoni MR, Ferla MDS, Sposito ODS, Giardino L, Jacinto RDC, Pappen FG. Effect of a Surfactant on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions. Braz Dent J 2014; 25:416-9. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with a surfactant. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days (37 °C). The groups were distributed according to the irrigation solution used during root canal preparation: 5%, 2.5% and 1% NaOCl; 5%, 2.5% and 1% Hypoclean(r), a solution containing a surfactant (cetrimide) associated with NaOCl. Three microbiological samples were collected from each tooth: S1 - before instrumentation; S2 - immediately after instrumentation; and S3 - after a seven-day period. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. The results showed that immediately after root canal preparation (S2), E. faecalis was eliminated in all the experimental groups. However, after 7 days (S3), only the groups in which Hypoclean was used, remained contamination-free, including Hypoclean associated with 1% NaOCl, while the root canals irrigated with 1% NaOCl only, presented the highest percentage of bacterial growth. In conclusion, the addition of surfactant increased the antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl to levels similar to 5% NaOCl.
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