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D'Incalci M, Galmarini CM. A Review of Trabectedin (ET-743): A Unique Mechanism of Action. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2157-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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202
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[Current impact of natural products in the discovery of anticancer drugs]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 68:218-32. [PMID: 20637355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the middle of 1990s, the development of combinatorial chemistry along with the high throughput screening have led to some lack of interest for natural products from the pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, purification and optimization of natural compounds are very often difficult and animal experimentations need enough supply of natural sources or alternatively need sophisticated total synthesis. In oncology, this increased disinterest was also closely connected with the rapid expansion of monoclonal antibodies and synthetic protein kinase inhibitors. However since 2005, with the approval of five new drugs by the FDA (trabectedin, ixabepilone, temsirolimus, everolimus and Vinflunine), it appears that natural products are still present as direct or indirect sources of drugs. On the other hand, a third generation of natural product has arisen, which relies upon bioengineering using genetically altered producer organisms. This is particularly true of the polyketides where bioengineering harnesses their natural flexibility to expand their structural diversity. Several programs are going on to produce antibiotics, anticancer drugs or immunosuppressant. This combinatorial approach makes drug discovery by bioengineering complementary with conventional medicinal chemistry. With the approval of Mylotarg by the FDA, increased interest has also been devoted to immunoconjugates, which represent a way by which highly cytotoxic natural products such as dolastatin, calicheamycin, duocarmycin and maytansin may be targeted to cancer cells while limiting their side-effects.
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203
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Vincenzi B, Napolitano A, Frezza AM, Schiavon G, Santini D, Tonini G. Wide-spectrum characterization of trabectedin: biology, clinical activity and future perspectives. Pharmacogenomics 2010; 11:865-78. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecteinascidin-743 (trabectedin, Yondelis®; PharmaMar, Madrid, Spain), a 25-year-old antineoplastic alkylating agent, has recently shown unexpected and interesting mechanisms of action. Trabectedin causes perturbation in the transcription of inducible genes (e.g., the multidrug resistance gene MDR1) and interaction with DNA repair mechanisms (e.g., the nucleotide excision repair pathway) owing to drug-related DNA double strand breaks and adduct formation. Trabectedin was the first antineoplastic agent from a marine source (namely, the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata) to receive marketing authorization. This article summarizes the mechanisms of action, the complex metabolism, the main toxicities, the preclinical and clinical evidences of its antineoplastic effects in different types of cancer and, finally, the future perspectives of this promising drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Schiavon
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Medical Oncology, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
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204
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Reconstruction of the saframycin core scaffold defines dual Pictet-Spengler mechanisms. Nat Chem Biol 2010; 6:408-10. [PMID: 20453862 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Saframycin A is a potent antitumor antibiotic with a unique pentacyclic tetrahydroisoquinoline scaffold. We found that the nonribosomal peptide synthetase SfmC catalyzes a seven-step transformation of readily synthesized dipeptidyl substrates with long acyl chains into a complex saframycin scaffold. Based on a series of enzymatic reactions, we propose a detailed mechanism involving the reduction of various peptidyl thioesters by a single R domain followed by iterative C domain-mediated Pictet-Spengler reactions.
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205
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Arndt HD, Hackenberger C, Schwarzer D. Semisynthese. Chemie mit den Molekülen der Natur. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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206
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Germano G, Frapolli R, Simone M, Tavecchio M, Erba E, Pesce S, Pasqualini F, Grosso F, Sanfilippo R, Casali PG, Gronchi A, Virdis E, Tarantino E, Pilotti S, Greco A, Nebuloni M, Galmarini CM, Tercero JC, Mantovani A, D'Incalci M, Allavena P. Antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects of trabectedin on human myxoid liposarcoma cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:2235-44. [PMID: 20215499 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators present in the tumor milieu may promote cancer progression and are considered promising targets of novel biological therapies. We previously reported that the marine antitumor agent trabectedin, approved in Europe in 2007 for soft tissue sarcomas and in 2009 for ovarian cancer, was able to downmodulate the production of selected cytokines/chemokines in immune cells. Patients with myxoid liposarcoma (MLS), a subtype characterized by the expression of the oncogenic transcript FUS-CHOP, are highly responsive to trabectedin. The drug had marked antiproliferative effects on MLS cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations. We tested the hypothesis that trabectedin could also affect the inflammatory mediators produced by cancer cells. Here, we show that MLS express several cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL12, MIF, VEGF, SPARC) and the inflammatory and matrix-binder protein pentraxin 3 (PTX3), which build up a prominent inflammatory environment. In vitro treatment with noncytotoxic concentrations of trabectedin selectively inhibited the production of CCL2, CXCL8, IL-6, VEGF, and PTX3 by MLS primary tumor cultures and/or cell lines. A xenograft mouse model of human MLS showed marked reduction of CCL2, CXCL8, CD68+ infiltrating macrophages, CD31+ tumor vessels, and partial decrease of PTX3 after trabectedin treatment. Similar findings were observed in a patient tumor sample excised after several cycles of therapy, indicating that the results observed in vitro might have in vivo relevance. In conclusion, trabectedin has dual effects in liposarcoma: in addition to direct growth inhibition, it affects the tumor microenvironment by reducing the production of key inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Germano
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy
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Wu YC, Zhu J. Asymmetric total syntheses of (-)-renieramycin M and G and (-)-jorumycin using aziridine as a lynchpin. Org Lett 2010; 11:5558-61. [PMID: 19894720 DOI: 10.1021/ol9024919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By exploring the triple reactivity of two aziridines and double nucleophilicity of two aromatics, convergent and versatile syntheses of the above four natural products were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chao Wu
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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210
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Abstract
Agelasines, asmarines and related compounds are natural products with a hybrid terpene-purine structure isolated from numerous genera of sponges (Agela sp., Raspailia sp.). Some agelasine analogs and related structures have displayed high general toxicity towards protozoa, and have exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a variety of species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and also an important cytotoxic activity against several cancer cell lines, including multidrug-resistant ones. Of particular interest in this context are the asmarines (tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[1,2,3-g,h]purines), which have shown potent antiproliferative activity against several types of human cancer cell lines. This review summarizes the sources of isolation, chemistry and bioactivity of marine alkylpurines and their bioactive derivatives.
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211
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Gross H, Loper JE. Genomics of secondary metabolite production by Pseudomonas spp. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:1408-46. [PMID: 19844639 DOI: 10.1039/b817075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gross
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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Duan Z, Choy E, Harmon D, Yang C, Ryu K, Schwab J, Mankin H, Hornicek FJ. ZNF93 increases resistance to ET-743 (Trabectedin; Yondelis) and PM00104 (Zalypsis) in human cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6967. [PMID: 19742314 PMCID: PMC2734182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ET-743 (trabectedin, Yondelis®) and PM00104 (Zalypsis®) are marine derived compounds that have antitumor activity. ET-743 and PM00104 exposure over sustained periods of treatment will result in the development of drug resistance, but the mechanisms which lead to resistance are not yet understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Human chondrosarcoma cell lines resistant to ET-743 (CS-1/ER) or PM00104 (CS-1/PR) were established in this study. The CS-1/ER and CS-1/PR exhibited cross resistance to cisplatin and methotrexate but not to doxorubicin. Human Affymetrix Gene Chip arrays were used to examine relative gene expression in these cell lines. We found that a large number of genes have altered expression levels in CS-1/ER and CS-1/PR when compared to the parental cell line. 595 CS-1/ER and 498 CS-1/PR genes were identified as overexpressing; 856 CS-1/ER and 874 CS-1/PR transcripts were identified as underexpressing. Three zinc finger protein (ZNF) genes were on the top 10 overexpressed genes list. These genes have not been previously associated with drug resistance in tumor cells. Differential expressions of ZNF93 and ZNF43 genes were confirmed in both CS-1/ER and CS-1/PR resistant cell lines by real-time RT-PCR. ZNF93 was overexpressed in two ET-743 resistant Ewing sarcoma cell lines as well as in a cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cell line, but was not overexpressed in paclitaxel resistant cell lines. ZNF93 knockdown by siRNA in CS-1/ER and CS-1/PR caused increased sensitivity for ET-743, PM00104, and cisplatin. Furthermore, ZNF93 transfected CS-1 cells are relatively resistant to ET-743, PM00104 and cisplatin. Conclusions/Significance This study suggests that zinc finger proteins, and ZNF93 in particular, are involved in resistance to ET-743 and PM00104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Edwin Choy
- Cancer Center/Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Harmon
- Cancer Center/Hematology Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cao Yang
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keinosuke Ryu
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Schwab
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Henry Mankin
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Allen MJ, Jaspars M. Realizing the potential of marine biotechnology: CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2009.5.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Jaspars
- At the Marine Biodiscovery Centre, University of Aberdeen, Old Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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