201
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Delbianco M, Bharate P, Varela-Aramburu S, Seeberger PH. Carbohydrates in Supramolecular Chemistry. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1693-752. [PMID: 26702928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are involved in a variety of biological processes. The ability of sugars to form a large number of hydrogen bonds has made them important components for supramolecular chemistry. We discuss recent advances in the use of carbohydrates in supramolecular chemistry and reveal that carbohydrates are useful building blocks for the stabilization of complex architectures. Systems are presented according to the scaffold that supports the glyco-conjugate: organic macrocycles, dendrimers, nanomaterials, and polymers are considered. Glyco-conjugates can form host-guest complexes, and can self-assemble by using carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions and other weak interactions such as π-π interactions. Finally, complex supramolecular architectures based on carbohydrate-protein interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Priya Bharate
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Varela-Aramburu
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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202
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Lee JH, Shin YC, Lee SM, Jin OS, Kang SH, Hong SW, Jeong CM, Huh JB, Han DW. Enhanced Osteogenesis by Reduced Graphene Oxide/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18833. [PMID: 26685901 PMCID: PMC4685392 DOI: 10.1038/srep18833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, graphene-based nanomaterials, in the form of two dimensional substrates or three dimensional foams, have attracted considerable attention as bioactive scaffolds to promote the differentiation of various stem cells towards specific lineages. On the other hand, the potential advantages of using graphene-based hybrid composites directly as factors inducing cellular differentiation as well as tissue regeneration are unclear. This study examined whether nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) (rGO/HAp NCs) could enhance the osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts and promote new bone formation. When combined with HAp, rGO synergistically promoted the spontaneous osteodifferentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells without hindering their proliferation. This enhanced osteogenesis was corroborated from determination of alkaline phosphatase activity as early stage markers of osteodifferentiation and mineralization of calcium and phosphate as late stage markers. Immunoblot analysis showed that rGO/HAp NCs increase the expression levels of osteopontin and osteocalcin significantly. Furthermore, rGO/HAp grafts were found to significantly enhance new bone formation in full-thickness calvarial defects without inflammatory responses. These results suggest that rGO/HAp NCs can be exploited to craft a range of strategies for the development of novel dental and orthopedic bone grafts to accelerate bone regeneration because these graphene-based composite materials have potentials to stimulate osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Yong Cheol Shin
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-770, South Korea
| | - Oh Seong Jin
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Seok Hee Kang
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Jeong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-770, South Korea
| | - Jung Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-770, South Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
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203
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Kim TH, Lee T, El-Said WA, Choi JW. Graphene-Based Materials for Stem Cell Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 8:8674-8690. [PMID: 28793737 PMCID: PMC5458813 DOI: 10.3390/ma8125481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although graphene and its derivatives have been proven to be suitable for several biomedical applications such as for cancer therapy and biosensing, the use of graphene for stem cell research is a relatively new area that has only recently started to be investigated. For stem cell applications, graphene has been utilized by itself or in combination with other types of materials such as nanoparticles, nanofibers, and polymer scaffolds to take advantage of the several unique properties of graphene, such as the flexibility in size, shape, hydrophilicity, as well as its excellent biocompatibility. In this review, we will highlight a number of previous studies that have investigated the potential of graphene or its derivatives for stem cell applications, with a particular focus on guiding stem cell differentiation into specific lineages (e.g., osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis), promoting stem cell growth, stem cell delivery/transplantation, and effective monitoring of their differentiation. We hope that this review promotes and accelerates the use of graphene-based materials for regenerative therapies, especially for stem cell-based approaches to cure various incurable diseases/disorders such as neurological diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), stroke, spinal cord injuries, bone/cartilage defects, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
| | - Taek Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Waleed A El-Said
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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204
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Thompson BC, Murray E, Wallace GG. Graphite Oxide to Graphene. Biomaterials to Bionics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7563-7582. [PMID: 25914294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of implantable biomaterials has revolutionized medical treatment, allowing the development of the fields of tissue engineering and medical bionic devices (e.g., cochlea implants to restore hearing, vagus nerve stimulators to control Parkinson's disease, and cardiac pace makers). Similarly, future materials developments are likely to continue to drive development in treatment of disease and disability, or even enhancing human potential. The material requirements for implantable devices are stringent. In all cases they must be nontoxic and provide appropriate mechanical integrity for the application at hand. In the case of scaffolds for tissue regeneration, biodegradability in an appropriate time frame may be required, and for medical bionics electronic conductivity is essential. The emergence of graphene and graphene-family composites has resulted in materials and structures highly relevant to the expansion of the biomaterials inventory available for implantable medical devices. The rich chemistries available are able to ensure properties uncovered in the nanodomain are conveyed into the world of macroscopic devices. Here, the inherent properties of graphene, along with how graphene or structures containing it interface with living cells and the effect of electrical stimulation on nerves and cells, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna C Thompson
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Eoin Murray
- Institute for Sports Research, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, 2500, Australia
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205
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Kurantowicz N, Strojny B, Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Kutwin M, Grodzik M, Wierzbicki M, Lipińska L, Mitura K, Chwalibog A. Biodistribution of a High Dose of Diamond, Graphite, and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles After Multiple Intraperitoneal Injections in Rats. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:398. [PMID: 26459428 PMCID: PMC4602018 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles have recently drawn intense attention in biomedical applications. Hence, there is a need for further in vivo investigations of their biocompatibility and biodistribution via various exposure routes. We hypothesized that intraperitoneally injected diamond, graphite, and graphene oxide nanoparticles may have different biodistribution and exert different effects on the intact organism. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the control and treated with nanoparticles by intraperitoneal injection (4 mg of nanoparticles/kg body weight) eight times during the 4-week period. Blood was collected for evaluation of blood morphology and biochemistry parameters. Photographs of the general appearance of each rat's interior were taken immediately after sacrifice. The organs were excised and their macroscopic structure was visualized using a stereomicroscope. The nanoparticles were retained in the body, mostly as agglomerates. The largest agglomerates (up to 10 mm in diameter) were seen in the proximity of the injection place in the stomach serous membrane, between the connective tissues of the abdominal skin, muscles, and peritoneum. Numerous smaller, spherical-shaped aggregates (diameter around 2 mm) were lodged among the mesentery. Moreover, in the connective and lipid tissue in the proximity of the liver and spleen serosa, small aggregates of graphite and graphene oxide nanoparticles were observed. However, all tested nanoparticles did not affect health and growth of rats. The nanoparticles had no toxic effects on blood parameters and growth of rats, suggesting their potential applicability as remedies or in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurantowicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mitura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, Koszalin, Poland.
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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206
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Shin YC, Lee JH, Kim MJ, Hong SW, Kim B, Hyun JK, Choi YS, Park JC, Han DW. Stimulating effect of graphene oxide on myogenesis of C2C12 myoblasts on RGD peptide-decorated PLGA nanofiber matrices. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:22. [PMID: 26609319 PMCID: PMC4659147 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of biomedical engineering, many studies have focused on the possible applications of graphene and related nanomaterials due to their potential for use as scaffolds, coating materials and delivery carriers. On the other hand, electrospun nanofiber matrices composed of diverse biocompatible polymers have attracted tremendous attention for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their combination is intriguing and still challenging. RESULTS In the present study, we fabricated nanofiber matrices composed of M13 bacteriophage with RGD peptide displayed on its surface (RGD-M13 phage) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA) and characterized their physicochemical properties. In addition, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the cellular behaviors of C2C12 myoblasts, which were cultured on PLGA decorated with RGD-M13 phage (RGD/PLGA) nanofiber matrices, was investigated. Our results revealed that the RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices have suitable physicochemical properties as a tissue engineering scaffold and the growth of C2C12 myoblasts were significantly enhanced on the matrices. Moreover, the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts was substantially stimulated when they were cultured on the RGD/PLGA matrices in the presence of GO. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these findings propose that the combination of RGD/PLGA nanofiber matrices and GO can be used as a promising strategy for skeletal tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cheol Shin
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- />Clinical Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- />Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea
- />Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21+ NBM Global Research Center, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea
- />Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714 Korea
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- />School of Anatomy, Physiology, and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jong-Chul Park
- />Cellbiocontrol Laboratory, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- />Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, BK21+ Nano-Integrated Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 609-735 >Korea
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207
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Robertson NM, Hizir MS, Balcioglu M, Wang R, Yavuz MS, Yumak H, Ozturk B, Sheng J, Yigit MV. Discriminating a Single Nucleotide Difference for Enhanced miRNA Detection Using Tunable Graphene and Oligonucleotide Nanodevices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:9943-52. [PMID: 26305398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have reported our efforts to address some of the challenges in the detection of miRNAs using water-soluble graphene oxide and DNA nanoassemblies. Purposefully inserting mismatches at specific positions in our DNA (probe) strands shows increasing specificity against our target miRNA, miR-10b, over miR-10a which varies by only a single nucleotide. This increased specificity came at a loss of signal intensity within the system, but we demonstrated that this could be addressed with the use of DNase I, an endonuclease capable of cleaving the DNA strands of the RNA/DNA heteroduplex and recycling the RNA target to hybridize to another probe strand. As we previously demonstrated, this enzymatic signal also comes with an inherent activity of the enzyme on the surface-adsorbed probe strands. To remove this activity of DNase I and the steady nonspecific increase in the fluorescence signal without compromising the recovered signal, we attached a thermoresponsive PEGMA polymer (poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) to nGO. This smart polymer is able to shield the probes adsorbed on the nGO surface from the DNase I activity and is capable of tuning the detection capacity of the nGO nanoassembly with a thermoswitch at 39 °C. By utilizing probes with multiple mismatches, DNase I cleavage of the DNA probe strands, and the attachment of PEGMA polymers to graphene oxide to block undesired DNase I activity, we were able to detect miR-10b from liquid biopsy mimics and breast cancer cell lines. Overall we have reported our efforts to improve the specificity, increase the sensitivity, and eliminate the undesired enzymatic activity of DNase I on surface-adsorbed probes for miR-10b detection using water-soluble graphene nanodevices. Even though we have demonstrated only the discrimination of miR-10b from miR-10a, our approach can be extended to other short RNA molecules which differ by a single nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Mustafa Salih Hizir
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Mustafa Balcioglu
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Mustafa Selman Yavuz
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selcuk University , Konya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yumak
- Department of Science, BMCC, City University of New York , 199 Chambers Street, New York, New York 10007, United States
| | - Birol Ozturk
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University , 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Jia Sheng
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Mehmet V Yigit
- Department of Chemistry , University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
- The RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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208
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Zhu X, Zhang H, Huang H, Zhang Y, Hou L, Zhang Z. Functionalized graphene oxide-based thermosensitive hydrogel for magnetic hyperthermia therapy on tumors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:365103. [PMID: 26291977 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/36/365103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel locally injectable, biodegradable, and thermo-sensitive hydrogel made from chitosan and β-glycerophosphate salt was prepared. It incorporated polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified super-paramagnetic graphene oxide (GO/IONP/PEI) as a form of minimally invasive treatment of cancer lesions by magnetically induced local hyperthermia. Doxorubicin (DOX) was mixed into the hydrogel which was pre-loaded on GO/IONP/PEI to create a drug delivery system DOX-GO/IONP/PEI-gel. In addition to the evaluation of in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities, the physicochemical properties, magnetic properties and DOX release profile of the DOX-GO/IONP/PEI-gel were determined. The aqueous solution of the hydrogel showed a sol-gel transition behavior depending on temperature changes. Magnetization loops indicated the super-paramagnetic properties of GO/IONP/PEI. Compared with free DOX, DOX-GO/IONP/PEI could efficiently pass through cell membranes, leading to more apoptosis and demonstrating higher antitumor efficacy on MCF-7 cells in vitro. Furthermore, DOX-GO/IONP/PEI-gel intratumorally injected (i.t.) showed high antitumor efficacy on tumor-bearing mice in vivo, with no obvious toxicity. The antitumor efficacy was higher when combined with an alternating magnetic field (AMF), showing that DOX-GO/IONP/PEI-gel under AMF has great potential for cancer magnetic hyperthermia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China. Pharmacy College, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou, 450003, People's Republic of China
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209
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Kerativitayanan P, Carrow JK, Gaharwar AK. Nanomaterials for Engineering Stem Cell Responses. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1600-27. [PMID: 26010739 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in nanotechnology has stimulated the development of multifunctional biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Synergistic interactions between nanomaterials and stem cell engineering offer numerous possibilities to address some of the daunting challenges in regenerative medicine, such as controlling trigger differentiation, immune reactions, limited supply of stem cells, and engineering complex tissue structures. Specifically, the interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment play key roles in controlling stem cell fate, which underlines therapeutic success. However, the interactions between nanomaterials and stem cells are not well understood, and the effects of the nanomaterials shape, surface morphology, and chemical functionality on cellular processes need critical evaluation. In this Review, focus is put on recent development in nanomaterial-stem cell interactions, with specific emphasis on their application in regenerative medicine. Further, the emerging technologies based on nanomaterials developed over the past decade for stem cell engineering are reviewed, as well as the potential applications of these nanomaterials in tissue regeneration, stem cell isolation, and drug/gene delivery. It is anticipated that the enhanced understanding of nanomaterial-stem cell interactions will facilitate improved biomaterial design for a range of biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James K. Carrow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
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210
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Tonelli FMP, Goulart VAM, Gomes KN, Ladeira MS, Santos AK, Lorençon E, Ladeira LO, Resende RR. Graphene-based nanomaterials: biological and medical applications and toxicity. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2423-50. [PMID: 26244905 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives, due to a wide range of unique properties that they possess, can be used as starting material for the synthesis of useful nanocomplexes for innovative therapeutic strategies and biodiagnostics. Here, we summarize the latest progress in graphene and its derivatives and their potential applications for drug delivery, gene delivery, biosensor and tissue engineering. A simple comparison with carbon nanotubes uses in biomedicine is also presented. We also discuss their in vitro and in vivo toxicity and biocompatibility in three different life kingdoms (bacterial, mammalian and plant cells). All aspects of how graphene is internalized after in vivo administration or in vitro cell exposure were brought about, and explain how blood-brain barrier can be overlapped by graphene nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M P Tonelli
- Cell Signaling & Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Nanocell Institute, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia A M Goulart
- Cell Signaling & Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Nanocell Institute, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia N Gomes
- Cell Signaling & Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina S Ladeira
- Cell Signaling & Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Cell Signaling & Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eudes Lorençon
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics & Center of Microscopy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627/Postal code: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Ladeira
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Department of Physics & Center of Microscopy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627/Postal code: 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Cell Signaling & Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Nanocell Institute, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
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211
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Lee JH, Shin YC, Jin OS, Kang SH, Hwang YS, Park JC, Hong SW, Han DW. Reduced graphene oxide-coated hydroxyapatite composites stimulate spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11642-11651. [PMID: 26098486 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential as cell sources for bone tissue engineering and regeneration, but the control and induction of their specific differentiation into bone cells remain challenging. Graphene-based nanomaterials are considered attractive candidates for biomedical applications such as scaffolds in tissue engineering, substrates for SC differentiation and components of implantable devices, due to their biocompatible and bioactive properties. Despite the potential biomedical applications of graphene and its derivatives, only limited information is available regarding their osteogenic activity. This study concentrates upon the effects of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated hydroxyapatite (HAp) composites on osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. The average particle sizes of HAp and rGO were 1270 ± 476 nm and 438 ± 180 nm, respectively. When coated on HAp particulates, rGO synergistically enhanced spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs, without hampering their proliferation. This result was confirmed by determining alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of calcium and phosphate as early and late stage markers of osteogenic differentiation. It is suggested that rGO-coated HAp composites can be effectively utilized as dental and orthopedic bone fillers since these graphene-based particulate materials have potent effects on stimulating the spontaneous differentiation of MSCs and show superior bioactivity and osteoinductive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
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212
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Mei KC, Guo Y, Bai J, Costa PM, Kafa H, Protti A, Hider RC, Al-Jamal KT. Organic Solvent-Free, One-Step Engineering of Graphene-Based Magnetic-Responsive Hybrids Using Design of Experiment-Driven Mechanochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14176-81. [PMID: 26101940 PMCID: PMC4500448 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose an organic solvent-free, one-step mechanochemistry approach to engineer water-dispersible graphene oxide/superparamagnetic iron oxide (GO/SPIOs) hybrids, for biomedical applications. Although mechanochemistry has been proposed in the graphene field for applications such as drug loading, exfoliation or polymer-composite formation, this is the first study to report mechanochemistry for preparation of GO/SPIOs hybrids. The statistical design of experiment (DoE) was employed to control the process parameters. DoE has been used to control formulation processes of other types of nanomaterials. The implementation of DoE for controlling the formulation processes of graphene-based nanomaterials is, however, novel. DoE approach could be of advantage as one can tailor GO-based hybrids of predicted yields and compositions. Hybrids were characterized by TEM, AFM FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA. The dose-response magnetic resonance (MR) properties were confirmed by MR imaging of phantoms. The biocompatibility of the hybrids with A549 and J774 cell lines was confirmed by the modified LDH assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Mei
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yukuang Guo
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Bai
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro M. Costa
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Khuloud T. Al-Jamal
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s
College London, Franklin-Wilkins
Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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213
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Wen KP, Chen YC, Chuang CH, Chang HY, Lee CY, Tai NH. Accumulation and toxicity of intravenously-injected functionalized graphene oxide in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1211-8. [PMID: 26099253 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its functionalized derivatives have recently emerged as interesting nanomaterials with promising applications in biomedicine. In this study, the long-term in vivo biodistribution of intravenously injected nanographene oxide (NGO) functionalized with poly sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (PSS) was systematically examined and the potential toxicity over 6 months of NGO-PSS nanoparticles was investigated. Our results showed that the nanoparticles mainly accumulate in the lung, liver and spleen, where they persist for at least 6 months. These nanoparticles result in acute liver injury and chronic inflammation of the lung, liver and spleen, as evidenced by blood biochemistry results and histological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ping Wen
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, 30013
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- National Hsinchu University of Education, Department of Applied Science, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, 30014
| | - Chia-Hui Chuang
- National Hsinchu University of Education, Department of Applied Science, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, 30014
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Life Science, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, 30013
| | - Chi-Young Lee
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, 30013
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- National Tsing Hua University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hsinchu City, Taiwan, 30013
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214
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Patel SC, Lalwani G, Grover K, Qin YX, Sitharaman B. Fabrication and cytocompatibility of in situ crosslinked carbon nanomaterial films. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10261. [PMID: 26018775 PMCID: PMC4446896 DOI: 10.1038/srep10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of carbon nanomaterials into two-dimensional (2D) coatings and films that harness their unique physiochemical properties may lead to high impact energy capture/storage, sensors, and biomedical applications. For potential biomedical applications, the suitability of current techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, spray and dip coating, and vacuum filtration, employed to fabricate macroscopic 2D all carbon coatings or films still requires thorough examination. Each of these methods presents challenges with regards to scalability, suitability for a large variety of substrates, mechanical stability of coatings or films, or biocompatibility. Herein we report a coating process that allow for rapid, in situ chemical crosslinking of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into macroscopic all carbon coatings. The resultant coatings were found to be continuous, electrically conductive, significantly more robust, and cytocompatible to human adipose derived stem cells. The results lay groundwork for 3D layer-on-layer nanomaterial assemblies (including various forms of graphene) and also opens avenues to further explore the potential of MWCNT films as a novel class of nano-fibrous mats for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny C. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Kartikey Grover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
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215
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Chen D, Dougherty CA, Zhu K, Hong H. Theranostic applications of carbon nanomaterials in cancer: Focus on imaging and cargo delivery. J Control Release 2015; 210:230-45. [PMID: 25910580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention over the past decades due to their unique physical properties, versatile functionalization chemistry, and biological compatibility. In this review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of carbon nanomaterials in cancer imaging and drug delivery/therapy. The carbon nanomaterials will be categorized into fullerenes, nanotubes, nanohorns, nanodiamonds, nanodots and graphene derivatives based on their morphologies. The chemical conjugation/functionalization strategies of each category will be introduced before focusing on their applications in cancer imaging (fluorescence/bioluminescence, magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), photoacoustic, Raman imaging, etc.) and cargo (chemo/gene/therapy) delivery. The advantages and limitations of each category and the potential clinical utilization of these carbon nanomaterials will be discussed. Multifunctional carbon nanoplatforms have the potential to serve as optimal candidates for image-guided delivery vectors for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Casey A Dougherty
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Kaicheng Zhu
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hao Hong
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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216
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Garg B, Sung CH, Ling YC. Graphene-based nanomaterials as molecular imaging agents. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 7:737-58. [PMID: 25857851 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging (MI) is a noninvasive, real-time visualization of biochemical events at the cellular and molecular level within tissues, living cells, and/or intact objects that can be advantageously applied in the areas of diagnostics, therapeutics, drug discovery, and development in understanding the nanoscale reactions including enzymatic conversions and protein-protein interactions. Consequently, over the years, great advancement has been made in the development of a variety of MI agents such as peptides, aptamers, antibodies, and various nanomaterials (NMs) including single-walled carbon nanotubes. Recently, graphene, a material popularized by Geim & Novoselov, has ignited considerable research efforts to rationally design and execute a wide range of graphene-based NMs making them an attractive platform for developing highly sensitive MI agents. Owing to their exceptional physicochemical and biological properties combined with desirable surface engineering, graphene-based NMs offer stable and tunable visible emission, small hydrodynamic size, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility and thus have been explored for in vitro and in vivo imaging applications as a promising alternative of traditional imaging agents. This review begins by describing the intrinsic properties of graphene and the key MI modalities. After which, we provide an overview on the recent advances in the design and development as well as physicochemical properties of the different classes of graphene-based NMs (graphene-dye conjugates, graphene-antibody conjugates, graphene-nanoparticle composites, and graphene quantum dots) being used as MI agents for potential applications including theranostics. Finally, the major challenges and future directions in the field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Garg
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsun Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chien Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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217
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Caffo M, Merlo L, Marino D, Caruso G. Graphene in neurosurgery: the beginning of a new era. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:615-25. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized the approach to different fields of industry and medicine. Among the new nanomaterial used, one of the most promising appears to be graphene. Its versatility, due to a particular chemical configuration, confers to it enormous potential of application. Graphene has recently been tested also in biomedical research with excellent results. Neurosurgery can benefit of this material for therapeutic purposes such as targeting controlled drug/gene delivery in brain tumor treatment, as well as photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy, improving biosensing and bioimaging, and lastly as biocompatible material for intracranial and/or spinal devices. However, it still remains an experimental material whose in vitro and in vivo toxicity is tested with controversial results for the human health. Noteworthy is the fact that it is not possible so far to know its long-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caffo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - Lucia Merlo
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Marino
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
| | - Gerardo Caruso
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
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218
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Dallavalle M, Calvaresi M, Bottoni A, Melle-Franco M, Zerbetto F. Graphene can wreak havoc with cell membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4406-14. [PMID: 25648559 DOI: 10.1021/am508938u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics--coarse grained to the level of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions--shows that small hydrophobic graphene sheets pierce through the phospholipid membrane and navigate the double layer, intermediate size sheets pierce the membrane only if a suitable geometric orientation is met, and larger sheets lie mainly flat on the top of the bilayer where they wreak havoc with the membrane and create a patch of upturned phospholipids. The effect arises in order to maximize the interaction between hydrophobic moieties and is quantitatively explained in terms of flip-flops by the analysis of the simulations. Possible severe biological consequences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dallavalle
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna , via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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219
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Jesion I, Skibniewski M, Skibniewska E, Strupiński W, Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Krajewska A, Pasternak I, Kowalczyk P, Pińkowski R. Graphene and carbon nanocompounds: biofunctionalization and applications in tissue engineering. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2015.1009726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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220
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Tan L, Wang G, Chen N, Zhang J, Feng H. Layer-by-layer Assembled Multilayers of Graphene/Mono-(6-amino-6-deoxy)-β-cyclodextrin for Detection of Dopamine. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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221
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Yan X, Niu G, Lin J, Jin AJ, Hu H, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Wu A, Lu J, Zhang S, Huang P, Shen B, Chen X. Enhanced fluorescence imaging guided photodynamic therapy of sinoporphyrin sodium loaded graphene oxide. Biomaterials 2015; 42:94-102. [PMID: 25542797 PMCID: PMC4280503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research indicates that graphene oxide (GO) can effectively deliver photosensitives (PSs) by π-π stacking for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, due to the tight complexes of GO and PSs, the fluorescence of PSs are often drastically quenched via an energy/charge transfer process, which limits GO-PS systems for photodiagnostics especially in fluorescence imaging. To solve this problem, we herein strategically designed and prepared a novel photo-theranostic agent based on sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) loaded PEGylated GO (GO-PEG-DVDMS) with improved fluorescence property for enhanced optical imaging guided PDT. The fluorescence of loaded DVDMS is drastically enhanced via intramolecular charge transfer. Meanwhile, the GO-PEG vehicles can significantly increase the tumor accumulation efficiency of DVDMS and lead to an improved PDT efficacy as compared to DVDMS alone. The cancer theranostic capability of the as-prepared GO-PEG-DVDMS was carefully investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Most intriguingly, 100% in vivo tumor elimination was achieved by intravenous injection of GO-PEG-DVDMS (2 mg/kg of DVDMS, 50 J) without tumor recurrence, loss of body weight or other noticeable toxicity. This novel GO-PEG-DVDMS theranostics is well suited for enhanced fluorescence imaging guided PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; Molecular Imaging Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Niu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Jing Lin
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Albert J Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Macromolecular Biophysics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Hao Hu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yuxia Tang
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, & Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Jie Lu
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- Jiangxi Qinglong Group Co., Ltd., No. 283 Dongfeng Street, Yichun, Jiangxi 336000, China
| | - Peng Huang
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Baozhong Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Molecular Imaging Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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222
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Zaretski AV, Moetazedi H, Kong C, Sawyer EJ, Savagatrup S, Valle E, O'Connor TF, Printz AD, Lipomi DJ. Metal-assisted exfoliation (MAE): green, roll-to-roll compatible method for transferring graphene to flexible substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:045301. [PMID: 25556527 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/4/045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is expected to play a significant role in future technologies that span a range from consumer electronics, to devices for the conversion and storage of energy, to conformable biomedical devices for healthcare. To realize these applications, however, a low-cost method of synthesizing large areas of high-quality graphene is required. Currently, the only method to generate large-area single-layer graphene that is compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing destroys approximately 300 kg of copper foil (thickness = 25 μm) for every 1 g of graphene produced. This paper describes a new environmentally benign and scalable process of transferring graphene to flexible substrates. The process is based on the preferential adhesion of certain thin metallic films to graphene; separation of the graphene from the catalytic copper foil is followed by lamination to a flexible target substrate in a process that is compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing. The copper substrate is indefinitely reusable and the method is substantially greener than the current process that uses relatively large amounts of corrosive etchants to remove the copper. The sheet resistance of the graphene produced by this new process is unoptimized but should be comparable in principle to that produced by the standard method, given the defects observable by Raman spectroscopy and the presence of process-induced cracks. With further improvements, this green, inexpensive synthesis of single-layer graphene could enable applications in flexible, stretchable, and disposable electronics, low-profile and lightweight barrier materials, and in large-area displays and photovoltaic modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr V Zaretski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0448, La Jolla, CA 92093-0448, USA
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223
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Chen H, Lim SK, Chen P, Huang J, Wang Y, Palaniappan A, Platt M, Liedberg B, Tok AIY. Reporter-encapsulated liposomes on graphene field effect transistors for signal enhanced detection of physiological enzymes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:3451-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04644g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for enzymatic assay using reporter-encapsulated liposomes on graphene field effect transistors (FET) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Institute for Sports Research
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Seng Koon Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Jingfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Institute for Sports Research
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Alagappan Palaniappan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre for Analytical Science
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- UK
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science
- Nanyang Technological University
| | - Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Institute for Sports Research
- Nanyang Technological University
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224
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Ghobadi S, Sadighikia S, Papila M, Cebeci FÇ, Gürsel SA. Graphene-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) electrospun fibers as building blocks for high performance nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15689k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-containing fibrous structures with a high level of affinity towards a polymer matrix solution have been proved to be promising for high performance macroscopic nanocomposite reinforcement purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ghobadi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Sina Sadighikia
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Melih Papila
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)
| | - Fevzi Çakmak Cebeci
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)
| | - Selmiye Alkan Gürsel
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Sabanci University
- 34956 Istanbul
- Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM)
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225
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Saeed LM, Mahmood M, Xu Y, Nima ZA, Kannarpady GK, Bratton SM, Dervishi E, Casciano D, Ali S, Crooks PA, Radominska-Pandya A, Biris AS. Nanodelivery of gambogic acid by functionalized graphene enhances inhibition of cell proliferation and induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in cervical, ovarian, and prostate cancer cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00833f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene was used to deliver gambogic acid to cervical, ovarian, and prostate cancer cells and the complex was shown to be more effective at inhibiting cell proliferation, initiating cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis compared to the drug alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Saeed
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - M. Mahmood
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - Y. Xu
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - Z. A. Nima
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - G. K. Kannarpady
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - S. M. Bratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Medicine at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - E. Dervishi
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - D. Casciano
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
| | - S. Ali
- National Center for Toxicological Research
- Food and Drug Administration
- Jefferson
- USA
| | - P. A. Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - A. Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- College of Medicine at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
- Little Rock
- USA
| | - A. S. Biris
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock
- USA
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226
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Jiao G, He X, Li X, Qiu J, Xu H, Zhang N, Liu S. Limitations of MTT and CCK-8 assay for evaluation of graphene cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08958a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular toxicity test is a key step in assessing the graphene toxicity for its biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Jiao
- Department of Chemistry
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Xiong He
- Department of Chemistry
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Hongying Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica
- Ministry of Education
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
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227
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Wen J, Xu Y, Li H, Lu A, Sun S. Recent applications of carbon nanomaterials in fluorescence biosensing and bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:11346-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02887f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A review of recent applications of carbon nanomaterials in fluorescence biosensing and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine
- Hong Kong Baptist University
- Kowloon Tong
- China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Science
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling
- China
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228
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Perreault F, Fonseca de Faria A, Elimelech M. Environmental applications of graphene-based nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5861-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1073] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A critical assessment of recent developments in environmental applications of graphene and graphene-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Perreault
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
| | | | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Yale University
- New Haven
- USA
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229
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Pérez-Madrigal MM, Armelin E, Puiggalí J, Alemán C. Insulating and semiconducting polymeric free-standing nanomembranes with biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5904-5932. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Free-standing nanomembranes, which are emerging as versatile elements in biomedical applications, are evolving from being composed of insulating (bio)polymers to electroactive conducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- ETSEIB
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona E-08028
- Spain
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230
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He C, Cheng C, Ji HF, Shi ZQ, Ma L, Zhou M, Zhao CS. Robust, highly elastic and bioactive heparin-mimetic hydrogels. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We construct robust, highly elastic, and bioactive graphene oxide doped heparin-mimetic hydrogels for use in drug delivery and other potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Hai-Feng Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Mi Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Chang-Sheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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231
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Jakus AE, Secor EB, Rutz AL, Jordan SW, Hersam MC, Shah RN. Three-dimensional printing of high-content graphene scaffolds for electronic and biomedical applications. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4636-48. [PMID: 25858670 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional properties of graphene enable applications in electronics, optoelectronics, energy storage, and structural composites. Here we demonstrate a 3D printable graphene (3DG) composite consisting of majority graphene and minority polylactide-co-glycolide, a biocompatible elastomer, 3D-printed from a liquid ink. This ink can be utilized under ambient conditions via extrusion-based 3D printing to create graphene structures with features as small as 100 μm composed of as few as two layers (<300 μm thick object) or many hundreds of layers (>10 cm thick object). The resulting 3DG material is mechanically robust and flexible while retaining electrical conductivities greater than 800 S/m, an order of magnitude increase over previously reported 3D-printed carbon materials. In vitro experiments in simple growth medium, in the absence of neurogenic stimuli, reveal that 3DG supports human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion, viability, proliferation, and neurogenic differentiation with significant upregulation of glial and neuronal genes. This coincides with hMSCs adopting highly elongated morphologies with features similar to axons and presynaptic terminals. In vivo experiments indicate that 3DG has promising biocompatibility over the course of at least 30 days. Surgical tests using a human cadaver nerve model also illustrate that 3DG has exceptional handling characteristics and can be intraoperatively manipulated and applied to fine surgical procedures. With this unique set of properties, combined with ease of fabrication, 3DG could be applied toward the design and fabrication of a wide range of functional electronic, biological, and bioelectronic medical and nonmedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Jakus
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- §Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ethan B Secor
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- §Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Sumanas W Jordan
- ⊥Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Galter 3-150, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- ∥Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ramille N Shah
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- §Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- ⊥Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, 251 East Huron Street, Galter 3-150, Illinois 60611, United States
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232
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Papi M, Lauriola MC, Palmieri V, Ciasca G, Maulucci G, De Spirito M. Plasma protein corona reduces the haemolytic activity of graphene oxide nano and micro flakes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GO flakes, able to disrupt the erythrocyte plasma membrane, greatly reduce their haemolytic activity after interacting with plasma proteins. Haemolysis activity increases inversely to the GO flakes size.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Papi
- Istituto di Fisica
- Università Cattolica del sacro Cuore
- 00168 Roma
- Italy
| | - M. C. Lauriola
- Istituto di Fisica
- Università Cattolica del sacro Cuore
- 00168 Roma
- Italy
| | - V. Palmieri
- Istituto di Fisica
- Università Cattolica del sacro Cuore
- 00168 Roma
- Italy
| | - G. Ciasca
- Istituto di Fisica
- Università Cattolica del sacro Cuore
- 00168 Roma
- Italy
| | - G. Maulucci
- Istituto di Fisica
- Università Cattolica del sacro Cuore
- 00168 Roma
- Italy
| | - M. De Spirito
- Istituto di Fisica
- Università Cattolica del sacro Cuore
- 00168 Roma
- Italy
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233
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Hughes ZE, Walsh TR. What makes a good graphene-binding peptide? Adsorption of amino acids and peptides at aqueous graphene interfaces. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3211-3221. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of the aqueous biomolecule–graphene interface have predicted the free energy of adsorption of amino acids and the structure of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zak E. Hughes
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
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234
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Effects of graphene oxide on the development of offspring mice in lactation period. Biomaterials 2014; 40:23-31. [PMID: 25498802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) has attracted much attention with numerous promising biomedical applications in recent years. However, information about GO on the development of filial animals is rare. In this work, we studied the potential developmental toxicity of GO when they entered the body of maternal mice and their offspring by oral exposure with two doses. The results showed that the increase of body weight, body length and tail length of the filial mice received GO at 0.5 mg mL(-1) (about 0.8 mg each mouse) every day in the lactation period was significantly retarded comparing with the control group. The anatomy and histology results revealed the delayed developments of offspring in high dosage group. We also evaluated the possible toxicological mechanism caused by GO and found that the length of the intestinal villus of the filial mice received high concentration GO were decreased significantly compared with the control group. It can be concluded that GO showed many negative effects on the development of mice in the lactation period. These findings can be significant for the development of graphene materials-based drug delivery system and other biomedical applications in the future.
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235
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Piao Y, Chen B. Self-assembled graphene oxide-gelatin nanocomposite hydrogels: Characterization, formation mechanisms, and pH-sensitive drug release behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhe Piao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Sheffield; Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Sheffield; Mappin Street Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom
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236
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Lee S, Zhong Z. Nanoelectronic circuits based on two-dimensional atomic layer crystals. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13283-13300. [PMID: 25268929 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03670k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene and related forms of two-dimensional (2D) atomic layer crystals, numerous studies have reported on the fundamental material aspects, such as the synthesis, the physical properties, and the electrical properties on the transistor level. With the advancement in large-area synthesis methods, system level integration to exploit the unique applications of these materials is close at hand. The main purpose of this review is to focus on the current progress and the prospect of circuits and systems based on 2D material that go beyond the single-transistor level studies. Both analog and digital circuits based on graphene and related 2D atomic layer crystals will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Center for Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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237
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Eco-friendly one-pot synthesis of gold decorated reduced graphene oxide using beer as a reducing agent. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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238
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Puértolas J, Kurtz S. Evaluation of carbon nanotubes and graphene as reinforcements for UHMWPE-based composites in arthroplastic applications: A review. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:129-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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239
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Gonçalves G, Vila M, Bdikin I, de Andrés A, Emami N, Ferreira RAS, Carlos LD, Grácio J, Marques PAAP. Breakdown into nanoscale of graphene oxide: confined hot spot atomic reduction and fragmentation. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6735. [PMID: 25339424 PMCID: PMC4206907 DOI: 10.1038/srep06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nano-graphene oxide (nano-GO) is a new class of carbon based materials being proposed for biomedical applications due to its small size, intrinsic optical properties, large specific surface area, and easy to functionalize. To fully exploit nano-GO properties, a reproducible method for its production is of utmost importance. Herein we report, the study of the sequential fracture of GO sheets onto nano-GO with controllable lateral width, by a simple, and reproducible method based on a mechanism that we describe as a confined hot spot atomic fragmentation/reduction of GO promoted by ultrasonication. The chemical and structural changes on GO structure during the breakage were monitored by XPS, FTIR, Raman and HRTEM. We found that GO sheets starts breaking from the defects region and in a second phase through the disruption of carbon bonds while still maintaining crystalline carbon domains. The breaking of GO is accompanied by its own reduction, essentially by the elimination of carboxylic and carbonyl functional groups. Photoluminescence and photothermal studies using this nano-GO are also presented highlighting the potential of this nanomaterial as a unique imaging/therapy platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Gonçalves
- TEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mercedes Vila
- TEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Igor Bdikin
- TEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alicia de Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazanin Emami
- Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Eng, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden
| | - Rute A. S. Ferreira
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís D. Carlos
- Physics Department and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Grácio
- TEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula A. A. P. Marques
- TEMA-NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology, AIN, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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240
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Hu Z, Huang Y, Zhang C, Liu L, Li J, Wang Y. Graphene–polydopamine–C60nanohybrid: an efficient protective agent for NO-induced cytotoxicity in rat pheochromocytoma cells. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8587-8597. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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241
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Shi S, Chen F, Ehlerding E, Cai W. Surface engineering of graphene-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1609-19. [PMID: 25117569 PMCID: PMC4166029 DOI: 10.1021/bc500332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, the biomedical applications of these intriguing nanomaterials are still limited due to their suboptimal solubility/biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and difficulties in achieving active tumor targeting, just to name a few. In this Topical Review, we will discuss in detail the important role of surface engineering (i.e., bioconjugation) in improving the in vitro/in vivo stability and enriching the functionality of graphene-based nanomaterials, which can enable single/multimodality imaging (e.g., optical imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and drug/gene delivery) of cancer. Current challenges and future research directions are also discussed and we believe that graphene-based nanomaterials are attractive nanoplatforms for a broad array of future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Shi
- Materials Science Program, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Emily
B. Ehlerding
- Department of Medical
Physics, University
of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Materials Science Program, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
- Department of Medical
Physics, University
of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University
of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
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242
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Saeed LM, Mahmood M, Pyrek SJ, Fahmi T, Xu Y, Mustafa T, Nima ZA, Bratton SM, Casciano D, Dervishi E, Radominska-Pandya A, Biris AS. Single-walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanodelivery of gambogic acid increases its cytotoxicity in breast and pancreatic cancer cells. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1188-99. [PMID: 25220893 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used to deliver the natural low-toxicity drug gambogic acid (GA) to breast and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and the effectiveness of this complex in suppressing cellular integrity was assessed. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, mitochondria dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, DNA fragmentation, intracellular lipid content, and membrane permeability/caspase activity. The nanomaterials showed no toxicity at the concentrations used, and the antiproliferative effects of GA were significantly enhanced by nanodelivery. The results suggest that these complexes inhibit human breast and pancreatic cancer cells grown in vitro. This analysis represents a first step toward assessing their effectiveness in more complex, targeted, nanodelivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya M Saeed
- Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
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243
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One-Step In Situ Biosynthesis of Graphene Oxide-Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1706-11. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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244
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Physiochemical and optical properties of chitosan based graphene oxide bionanocomposite. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:559-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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245
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Meysami SS, Snoek LC, Grobert N. Versatile in Situ Gas Analysis Apparatus for Nanomaterials Reactors. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8850-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5022858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Shayan Meysami
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Lavina C. Snoek
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Grobert
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PH, United Kingdom
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246
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Chowdhury SM, Surhland C, Sanchez Z, Chaudhary P, Suresh Kumar MA, Lee S, Peña LA, Waring M, Sitharaman B, Naidu M. Graphene nanoribbons as a drug delivery agent for lucanthone mediated therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 11:109-18. [PMID: 25131339 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report use of PEG-DSPE coated oxidized graphene nanoribbons (O-GNR-PEG-DSPE) as agent for delivery of anti-tumor drug Lucanthone (Luc) into Glioblastoma Multiformae (GBM) cells targeting base excision repair enzyme APE-1 (Apurinic endonuclease-1). Lucanthone, an endonuclease inhibitor of APE-1, was loaded onto O-GNR-PEG-DSPEs using a simple non-covalent method. We found its uptake by GBM cell line U251 exceeding 67% and 60% in APE-1-overexpressing U251, post 24h. However, their uptake was ~38% and 29% by MCF-7 and rat glial progenitor cells (CG-4), respectively. TEM analysis of U251 showed large aggregates of O-GNR-PEG-DSPE in vesicles. Luc-O-GNR-PEG-DSPE was significantly toxic to U251 but showed little/no toxicity when exposed to MCF-7/CG-4 cells. This differential uptake effect can be exploited to use O-GNR-PEG-DSPEs as a vehicle for Luc delivery to GBM, while reducing nonspecific cytotoxicity to the surrounding healthy tissue. Cell death in U251 was necrotic, probably due to oxidative degradation of APE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra Surhland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zina Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaudhary
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - M A Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Louis A Peña
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Michael Waring
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Mamta Naidu
- GeneSys Research Institute/Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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247
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Wang X, Sun X, Lao J, He H, Cheng T, Wang M, Wang S, Huang F. Multifunctional graphene quantum dots for simultaneous targeted cellular imaging and drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:638-644. [PMID: 25129696 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that ligand-modified graphene quantum dots (GQDs) facilitate the simultaneous operation of multiple tasks without the need for external dyes. These tasks include selective cell labeling, targeted drug delivery, and real-time monitoring of cellular uptake. Folic acid (FA)-conjugated GQDs are synthesized and utilized to load the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). The fabricated nanoassembly can unambiguously discriminate cancer cells from normal cells and efficiently deliver the drug to targeted cells. The inherent stable fluorescence of GQDs enables real-time monitoring of the cellular uptake of the DOX-GQD-FA nanoassembly and the consequent release of drugs. The nanoassembly is specifically internalized rapidly by HeLa cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, whereas DOX release and accumulation are prolonged. In vitro toxicity data suggest that the DOX-GQD-FA nanoassembly can target HeLa cells differentially and efficiently while exhibiting significantly reduced cytotoxicity to non-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Xing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jun Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Tiantian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao Economic Development Zone, Qingdao 266555, China.
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248
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Cardenas L, MacLeod J, Lipton-Duffin J, Seifu DG, Popescu F, Siaj M, Mantovani D, Rosei F. Reduced graphene oxide growth on 316L stainless steel for medical applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8664-8670. [PMID: 24945735 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method for the growth of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the 316L alloy of stainless steel (SS) and its relevance for biomedical applications. We demonstrate that electrochemical etching increases the concentration of metallic species on the surface and enables the growth of rGO. This result is supported through a combination of Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), density functional theory (DFT) calculations and static water contact angle measurements. Raman spectroscopy identifies the G and D bands for oxidized species of graphene at 1595 cm(-1) and 1350 cm(-1), respectively, and gives an ID/IG ratio of 1.2, indicating a moderate degree of oxidation. XPS shows -OH and -COOH groups in the rGO stoichiometry and static contact angle measurements confirm the wettability of rGO. SEM and AFM measurements were performed on different substrates before and after coronene treatment to confirm rGO growth. Cell viability studies reveal that these rGO coatings do not have toxic effects on mammalian cells, making this material suitable for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cardenas
- INRS-Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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249
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Rana M, Balcioglu M, Robertson N, Yigit MV. Nano-graphene oxide as a novel platform for monitoring the effect of LNA modification on nucleic acid interactions. Analyst 2014; 139:714-20. [PMID: 24362750 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02066e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide has gained significant attention due to its exceptional physical properties at biological interfaces. It has extraordinary quenching, fast adsorption and desorption properties that are suitable for detection of molecular interactions in nucleic acids. Here we studied the interaction between locked nucleic acid (LNA) modified oligonucleotides and its complementary miR-10b DNA analog. We demonstrate that LNA modification does not alter the hybridization yield, despite a slight difference in the rate, however it does increase the duplex stability dramatically. The noncovalent nucleic acid-graphene oxide complex maintained the stability between 25 and 90 °C in the absence of oligonucleotide-induced desorption. The melting temperatures of duplexes with or without LNA base modification were determined due to remarkable fluorescence quenching and fast oligonucleotide adsorption with graphene oxide. The difference in melting temperatures was used to control the release of surface adsorbed nucleic acids at 70 °C. Finally, a mutation in the oligonucleotide sequence is detected by the complementary oligonucleotides on the graphene oxide surface. Due to its extraordinary physical properties, graphene oxide represents a remarkable platform for studying nucleic acid interactions and serves as a promising material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhit Rana
- Department of Chemistry and RNA Institute, University at Albany, SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA.
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250
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Park EJ, Lee GH, Han BS, Lee BS, Lee S, Cho MH, Kim JH, Kim DW. Toxic response of graphene nanoplatelets in vivo and in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1557-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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