201
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Teci M, Tilley M, McGuire MA, Organ MG. Handling Hazards Using Continuous Flow Chemistry: Synthesis of N1-Aryl-[1,2,3]-triazoles from Anilines via Telescoped Three-Step Diazotization, Azidodediazotization, and [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloaddition Processes. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Teci
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Michael Tilley
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Michael A. McGuire
- GlaxoSmithKline
Pharmaceuticals Inc., 709 Swedeland
Road, P.O. Box 1539, UMW 2810, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department
of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
- Centre
for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada
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202
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203
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Djuric SW, Hutchins CW, Talaty NN. Current status and future prospects for enabling chemistry technology in the drug discovery process. F1000Res 2016; 5:2426. [PMID: 27781094 PMCID: PMC5054812 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.9515.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers recent advances in the implementation of enabling chemistry technologies into the drug discovery process. Areas covered include parallel synthesis chemistry, high-throughput experimentation, automated synthesis and purification methods, flow chemistry methodology including photochemistry, electrochemistry, and the handling of "dangerous" reagents. Also featured are advances in the "computer-assisted drug design" area and the expanding application of novel mass spectrometry-based techniques to a wide range of drug discovery activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan W Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nari N Talaty
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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204
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Hafner A, Filipponi P, Piccioni L, Meisenbach M, Schenkel B, Venturoni F, Sedelmeier J. A Simple Scale-up Strategy for Organolithium Chemistry in Flow Mode: From Feasibility to Kilogram Quantities. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hafner
- Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Filipponi
- Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Meisenbach
- Novartis Pharma AG, Fabrikstrasse 14, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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205
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Roesner S, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls by Negishi Cross-Coupling of Fluoro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted (Hetero)arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roesner
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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206
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Roesner S, Buchwald SL. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Biaryls by Negishi Cross-Coupling of Fluoro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted (Hetero)arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10463-7. [PMID: 27456275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-flow method for the regioselective arylation of fluoroarenes and fluoropyridines has been developed. The telescoped procedure reported here consists of a three-step metalation, zincation, and Negishi cross-coupling sequence, providing efficient access to a variety of functionalized 2-fluorobiaryl products. Precise temperature control of the metalation step, made possible by continuous-flow technology, allowed for the efficient preparation of the arylated products in high yields and short residence times. Additionally, several examples of the regioselective arylation of benzotrifluoride derivatives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roesner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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207
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Movsisyan M, Delbeke EIP, Berton JKET, Battilocchio C, Ley SV, Stevens CV. Taming hazardous chemistry by continuous flow technology. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4892-928. [PMID: 27453961 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, flow technologies have become increasingly popular in the field of organic chemistry, offering solutions for engineering and/or chemical problems. Flow reactors enhance the mass and heat transfer, resulting in rapid reaction mixing, and enable a precise control over the reaction parameters, increasing the overall process selectivity, efficiency and safety. These features allow chemists to tackle unexploited challenges in their work, with the ultimate objective making chemistry more accessible for laboratory and industrial applications, avoiding the need to store and handle toxic, reactive and explosive reagents. This review covers some of the latest and most relevant developments in the field of continuous flow chemistry with the focus on hazardous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Movsisyan
- SynBioC, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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208
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Hu T, Baxendale IR, Baumann M. Exploring Flow Procedures for Diazonium Formation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070918. [PMID: 27428944 PMCID: PMC6274498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of diazonium salts is historically an important transformation extensively utilized in dye manufacture. However the highly reactive nature of the diazonium functionality has additionally led to the development of many new reactions including several carbon-carbon bond forming processes. It is therefore highly desirable to determine optimum conditions for the formation of diazonium compounds utilizing the latest processing tools such as flow chemistry to take advantage of the increased safety and continuous manufacturing capabilities. Herein we report a series of flow-based procedures to prepare diazonium salts for subsequent in-situ consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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209
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Hafner A, Meisenbach M, Sedelmeier J. Flow Chemistry on Multigram Scale: Continuous Synthesis of Boronic Acids within 1 s. Org Lett 2016; 18:3630-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hafner
- Novartis Campus, Novartis
Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Meisenbach
- Novartis Campus, Novartis
Pharma AG, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
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210
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Matsumura Y, Yamaji Y, Tateno H, Kashiwagi T, Atobe M. In Situ Generation of Trichloromethyl Anion and Efficient Reaction with Benzaldehyde in an Electrochemical Flow Microreactor. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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211
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Tani Y, Takumi M, Moronaga S, Nagaki A, Yoshida JI. Flash cationic polymerization followed by bis-end-functionalization. A new approach to linear-dendritic hybrid polymers. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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212
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Zhu N, Liu Y, Feng W, Huang W, Zhang Z, Hu X, Fang Z, Li Z, Guo K. Continuous flow protecting-group-free synthetic approach to thiol-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone). Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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213
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Etayo P, Ayats C, Pericàs MA. Synthesis and catalytic applications of C3-symmetric tris(triazolyl)methanol ligands and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1997-2010. [PMID: 26701737 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently introduced tris(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanols and derivatives (TTM ligands) have become a valuable subclass of C3-symmetric tripodal ligands for transition metal-mediated reactions. TTM-based ligand architectures are modularly constructed through regioselective, one-pot triple [3+2] cycloaddition of azides and alkynes. Applications of homogeneous systems of this type and of heterogenised (polystyrene- and magnetic nanoparticle-supported) TTM ligands in synthesis and catalysis are compiled in this Feature Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Etayo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Carles Ayats
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans 16, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. and Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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214
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Nonoyama A, Hashimoto K, Saito A, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Preparation of Nd/Na heterogeneous catalyst from bench-stable and inexpensive Nd salt for an anti-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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215
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Fitzpatrick D, Battilocchio C, Ley SV. Enabling Technologies for the Future of Chemical Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:131-8. [PMID: 27163040 PMCID: PMC4827522 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Technology is evolving at breakneck pace, changing the way we communicate, travel, find out information, and live our lives. Yet chemistry as a science has been slower to adapt to this rapidly shifting world. In this Outlook we use highlights from recent literature reports to describe how progresses in enabling technologies are altering this trend, permitting chemists to incorporate new advances into their work at all levels of the chemistry development cycle. We discuss the benefits and challenges that have arisen, impacts on academic-industry relationships, and future trends in the area of chemical synthesis.
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216
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Min KI, Kim JO, Kim H, Im DJ, Kim DP. Multilayered film microreactors fabricated by a one-step thermal bonding technique with high reproducibility and their applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:977-983. [PMID: 26886679 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01585e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the versatile uses of multilayered polyimide (PI) film microreactors with various functions including pressure tolerance, three-dimensional mixing and multistep membrane emulsification. Such PI film microreactors were fabricated by a simple one-step thermal bonding technique with high reproducibility. Upon bonding at 300 °C for 1 hour, the thin and flexible film microdevices could withstand pressure up to 8.6 MPa and 16.3 MPa with PI adhesive film or fluoropolymer adhesive, respectively, due to differences in wettability. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic microchannel devices were used to generate monodisperse oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) droplets, and polymer micro/nanoparticles at a high generation frequency. A monolithic and chemical resistant film microreactor with a three-dimensional serpentine microchannel was used for the selective reduction of ester to aldehyde by efficient mixing and quenching in a flash chemistry manner, within a several 10(1) millisecond time scale. Furthermore, a novel multilayered film microreactor for organic-aqueous biphasic interfacial reactions was devised by embedding a membrane layer to induce chaotic mixing in both the interface and emulsified phase by flowing through multiple numbers of meshed structures along the hydrophobic channel. This simple and economic fabrication technique significantly facilitates mass production of multilayered film devices that could be useful as a platform for various microfluidic applications in chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Ik Min
- National Center of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Environ. Eng. Bldg., San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea.
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217
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Carbamoyl Anions in Flow: Applications in the Three-Component Synthesis of Functionalized α-Ketoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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218
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Chen M, Zhong M, Johnson JA. Light-Controlled Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10167-211. [PMID: 26978484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of light to mediate controlled radical polymerization has emerged as a powerful strategy for rational polymer synthesis and advanced materials fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive survey of photocontrolled, living radical polymerizations (photo-CRPs). From the perspective of mechanism, all known photo-CRPs are divided into either (1) intramolecular photochemical processes or (2) photoredox processes. Within these mechanistic regimes, a large number of methods are summarized and further classified into subcategories based on the specific reagents, catalysts, etc., involved. To provide a clear understanding of each subcategory, reaction mechanisms are discussed. In addition, applications of photo-CRP reported so far, which include surface fabrication, particle preparation, photoresponsive gel design, and continuous flow technology, are summarized. We hope this review will not only provide informative knowledge to researchers in this field but also stimulate new ideas and applications to further advance photocontrolled reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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219
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Yoshida JI. Generation and Reaction of Carbamoyl Anions in Flow: Applications in the Three-Component Synthesis of Functionalized α-Ketoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5327-31. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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220
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Ötvös SB, Hsieh CT, Wu YC, Li JH, Chang FR, Fülöp F. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Deuterium-Labeled Antidiabetic Chalcones: Studies towards the Selective Deuteration of the Alkynone Core. Molecules 2016; 21:318. [PMID: 26959006 PMCID: PMC6273355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow chemistry-based syntheses of deuterium-labeled analogs of important antidiabetic chalcones were achieved via highly controlled partial C≡C bond deuteration of the corresponding 1,3-diphenylalkynones. The benefits of a scalable continuous process in combination with on-demand electrolytic D2 gas generation were exploited to suppress undesired over-reactions and to maximize reaction rates simultaneously. The novel deuterium-containing chalcone derivatives may have interesting biological effects and improved metabolic properties as compared with the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Chi-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Jih-Heng Li
- Ph.D. Program in Toxicology and School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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221
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Kobayashi S. Flow "Fine" Synthesis: High Yielding and Selective Organic Synthesis by Flow Methods. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:425-36. [PMID: 26337828 PMCID: PMC4770433 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of flow "fine" synthesis, that is, high yielding and selective organic synthesis by flow methods, is described. Some examples of flow "fine" synthesis of natural products and APIs are discussed. Flow methods have several advantages over batch methods in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety. However, synthesis by flow methods is more difficult than synthesis by batch methods. Indeed, it has been considered that synthesis by flow methods can be applicable for the production of simple gasses but that it is difficult to apply to the synthesis of complex molecules such as natural products and APIs. Therefore, organic synthesis of such complex molecules has been conducted by batch methods. On the other hand, syntheses and reactions that attain high yields and high selectivities by flow methods are increasingly reported. Flow methods are leading candidates for the next generation of manufacturing methods that can mitigate environmental concerns toward sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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222
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Di Marco L, Hans M, Delaude L, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous-Flow N-Heterocyclic Carbene Generation and Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2016; 22:4508-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Marco
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Morgan Hans
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Homogeneous Catalysis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Liège; 4000 Liège Belgium
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223
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Zhu N, Feng W, Hu X, Zhang Z, Fang Z, Zhang K, Li Z, Guo K. Organocatalyzed continuous flow ring-opening polymerizations to homo- and block-polylactones. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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224
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Yang JC, Niu D, Karsten BP, Lima F, Buchwald SL. Use of a “Catalytic” Cosolvent, N
,N
-Dimethyl Octanamide, Allows the Flow Synthesis of Imatinib with no Solvent Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bram P. Karsten
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Fabio Lima
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry; Room 18-490; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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225
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Yang JC, Niu D, Karsten BP, Lima F, Buchwald SL. Use of a "Catalytic" Cosolvent, N,N-Dimethyl Octanamide, Allows the Flow Synthesis of Imatinib with no Solvent Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2531-5. [PMID: 26756279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A general, efficient method for C-N cross-coupling has been developed using N,N-dimethyloctanamide as a catalytic cosolvent for biphasic continuous-flow applications. The described method was used to generate a variety of biarylamines and was integrated into a two-step sequence which converted phenols into biarylamines via either triflates or tosylates. Additionally, the method was applied to a three-step synthesis of imatinib, the API of Gleevec, in good yield without the need of solvent switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dawen Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bram P Karsten
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Fabio Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Room 18-490, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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226
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Poh JS, Browne DL, Ley SV. A multistep continuous flow synthesis machine for the preparation of pyrazoles via a metal-free amine-redox process. REACT CHEM ENG 2016; 1:101-105. [PMID: 27398231 PMCID: PMC4906367 DOI: 10.1039/c5re00082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A versatile multistep continuous flow setup is reported for the four-step conversion of anilines into pyrazole products.
A versatile multistep continuous flow setup is reported for the four-step conversion of anilines into pyrazole products. The synthesis machine incorporates the use of amine-redox chemistry through diazotization and a metal-free vitamin C mediated reduction. The machine can be used for the synthesis of an array of analogues or the scale up of an individual target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Siang Poh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Duncan L Browne
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK ; School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building, Park Place , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK
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227
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Trojanowicz M. Flow chemistry vs. flow analysis. Talanta 2016; 146:621-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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228
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Degennaro L, Nagaki A, Moriwaki Y, Romanazzi G, DelľAnna MM, Yoshida JI, Luisi R. Flow microreactor synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted oxetanes via 2-phenyloxetan-2-yl lithium. OPEN CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA mild and sustainable synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted oxetanes has been achieved through the use of a flow microreactor system. By controlling the residence time a highly unstable intermediate such as 2-phenyloxetan-2-yl lithium can be generated and trapped with various electrophiles affording in moderate to good yields 2-substituted-2-phenyloxetanes at higher temperatures with respect to macrobatch-mode where –78 °C is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”; FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari Italy
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- 2Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Moriwaki
- 2Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | | | | | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- 2Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Renzo Luisi
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro”; FLAME-Lab – Flow Chemistry and Microreactor Technology Laboratory, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari Italy
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229
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Okusu S, Hirano K, Yasuda Y, Tokunaga E, Shibata N. Flow trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds by Ruppert–Prakash reagent and its application for pharmaceuticals, efavirenz and HSD-016. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds using the Ruppert–Prakash reagent, Me3SiCF3 is disclosed including enantioselective trifluoromethylation. Synthesis of pharmaceuticals, efavirenz and HSD-016 were achieved by this flow method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okusu
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Yasuda
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Frontier Materials
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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230
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Wu G, Brett GL, Cao E, Constantinou A, Ellis P, Kuhn S, Hutchings GJ, Bethell D, Gavriilidis A. Oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol using bimetallic Au–Pd/TiO2 catalysts: a deactivation study in a continuous flow packed bed microreactor. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Deactivation of Au–Pd/TiO2 catalyst during oxidation in flow is attributed to Pd leaching and a complex effect of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE
- UK
| | | | - Enhong Cao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE
- UK
| | | | - Peter Ellis
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre
- Reading RG4 9NH
- UK
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | | | - Donald Bethell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
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231
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Giannerini M, Vila C, Hornillos V, Feringa BL. One-pot sequential 1,2-addition, Pd-catalysed cross-coupling of organolithium reagents with Weinreb amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1206-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient sequential 1,2-addition/cross-coupling of Weinreb amides with two organolithium reagents is reported. This synthetic approach allows access to a wide variety of functionalized ketones in a modular way and in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Giannerini
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - C. Vila
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - V. Hornillos
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - B. L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- Groningen
- The Netherlands
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232
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Kim H, Lee HJ, Kim DP. Flow-Assisted Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene through Serial Microreactions under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1422-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hyune-Jea Lee
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
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233
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Kim H, Lee HJ, Kim DP. Flow-Assisted Synthesis of [10]Cycloparaphenylene through Serial Microreactions under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Kim
- Department of Synthetic and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Hyune-Jea Lee
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- National Centre of Applied Microfluidic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, POSTECH; Pohang University of Science and Technology); Pohang 790-784 South Korea
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234
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. Batch and Flow Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinolines via an Allene-Based Reaction Cascade. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10806-16. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham United Kingdom
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235
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Agostino FJ, Krylov SN. Advances in steady-state continuous-flow purification by small-scale free-flow electrophoresis. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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236
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Baxendale IR. A Short Multistep Flow Synthesis of a Potential Spirocyclic Fragrance Component. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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237
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Miller LZ, Hrudka JJ, Naro YR, Haaf M, Shatruk M, McQuade DT. Rapid-flow synthesis of Zn—Qn complexes: Teaching old ligands new tricks with reactive Na2(HZnEt2)2. J Flow Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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238
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Study for diastereoselective aldol reaction in flow: synthesis of (E)-(S)-3-hydroxy-7-tritylthio-4-heptenoic acid, a key component of cyclodepsipeptide HDAC inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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239
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Ballerini E, Maggi R, Pizzo F, Piermatti O, Gelman D, Vaccaro L. An Efficient and Waste-Minimized One-Pot Procedure for the Preparation of N-Boc-γ-amino Alcohols Starting from α,β-Unsaturated Ketones in Flow. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ballerini
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raimondo Maggi
- “Clean
Synthetic Methodology Group”, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Pizzo
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Piermatti
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Dmitri Gelman
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory
of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry, CEMIN − Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia Via Elce di
Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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240
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1194-219. [PMID: 26425178 PMCID: PMC4578405 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially relevant drug compounds achieving more efficient and reproducible manufacture. This review article aims to illustrate the holistic systems approach and diverse applications of flow chemistry to the preparation of pharmaceutically active molecules, demonstrating the value of this strategy towards every aspect ranging from synthesis, in-line analysis and purification to final formulation and tableting. Although this review will primarily concentrate on large scale continuous processing, additional selected syntheses using micro or meso-scaled flow reactors will be exemplified for key transformations and process control. It is hoped that the reader will gain an appreciation of the innovative technology and transformational nature that flow chemistry can leverage to an overall process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom
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241
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Ley SV, Fitzpatrick DE, Myers RM, Battilocchio C, Ingham RJ. Machine-Assisted Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10122-36. [PMID: 26193360 PMCID: PMC4834626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this Review we describe how the advent of machines is impacting on organic synthesis programs, with particular emphasis on the practical issues associated with the design of chemical reactors. In the rapidly changing, multivariant environment of the research laboratory, equipment needs to be modular to accommodate high and low temperatures and pressures, enzymes, multiphase systems, slurries, gases, and organometallic compounds. Additional technologies have been developed to facilitate more specialized reaction techniques such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. All of these areas create both opportunities and challenges during adoption as enabling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK).
| | - Daniel E Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Rebecca M Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Richard J Ingham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
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242
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Ley SV, Fitzpatrick DE, Myers RM, Battilocchio C, Ingham RJ. Maschinengestützte organische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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243
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Mándity IM, Ötvös SB, Fülöp F. Strategic Application of Residence-Time Control in Continuous-Flow Reactors. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:212-23. [PMID: 26246983 PMCID: PMC4522171 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a sustainable alternative for conventional batch-based synthetic techniques, the concept of continuous-flow processing has emerged in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Systematic tuning of the residence time, a key parameter of continuous-reaction technology, can govern the outcome of a chemical reaction by determining the reaction rate and the conversion and by influencing the product selectivity. This review furnishes a brief insight into flow reactions in which high chemo- and/or stereoselectivity can be attained by strategic residence-time control and illustrates the importance of the residence time as a crucial parameter in sustainable method development. Such a fine reaction control cannot be performed in conventional batch reaction set-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of SzegedEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesEötvös u. 6, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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244
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You JB, Kang K, Tran TT, Park H, Hwang WR, Kim JM, Im SG. PDMS-based turbulent microfluidic mixer. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1727-35. [PMID: 25671438 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, homogeneous mixing in microfluidic devices has been a critical challenge, because of the inherently low flow rates in microfluidic channels. Although several mixer designs have been suggested to achieve efficient mixing, most of them involve intricate structures requiring a series of laborious fabrication processes. Operation at high flow rates can greatly enhance mixing by induction of turbulence, but devices that can resist such a high pressure drop to induce turbulence in microfluidic channels are difficult to fabricate, especially for commonly used poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices. We have developed a Y-shaped, turbulent microfluidic mixer made of PDMS and a glass substrate by strong bonding of the substrates to a nanoadhesive layer deposited via initiated chemical vapor deposition. The high bonding strength of the nanoadhesive layer enables safe operation of the PDMS/glass turbulent microfluidic mixer at a total water flow rate of 40 mL min(-1), corresponding to a Reynolds number, Re, of ~4423, one of the highest values achieved in a microfluidic channel. The turbulence generated as a result of the high Re allows rapid mixing of the input fluids on contact. Image analysis showed that mixing started as soon as the fluids were introduced into the mixer. The experimental results matched the numerical predictions well, demonstrating that convective mixing was dominant as a result of turbulence induced in the microfluidic channel. Using the turbulent microfluidic mixer, we have demonstrated high throughput formation of emulsions with narrower size distribution. It was shown that as the flow rate increases inside the microfluidic channel, the size distribution of resulting emulsions decreases owing to the increase in the turbulent energy dissipation. The turbulent microfluidic mixer developed in this work not only enables rapid mixing of streams, but also increases throughputs of microfluidic reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea 305-701.
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245
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Correia CA, Gilmore K, McQuade DT, Seeberger PH. Eine kurze Durchflusssynthese von Efavirenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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246
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Correia CA, Gilmore K, McQuade DT, Seeberger PH. A Concise Flow Synthesis of Efavirenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4945-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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247
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Hsieh CT, Ötvös SB, Wu YC, Mándity IM, Chang FR, Fülöp F. Highly Selective Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Potentially Bioactive Deuterated Chalcone Derivatives. Chempluschem 2015; 80:859-864. [PMID: 31973339 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The selective synthesis of various dideuterochalcones as potentially bioactive deuterium-labeled products is presented, by means of the highly controlled partial deuteration of antidiabetic chalcone derivatives. The benefits of continuous-flow processing in combination with on-demand electrolytic D2 gas generation has been exploited to avoid over-reaction to undesired side products and to achieve selective deuterium addition to the carbon-carbon double bond of the starting enones without the need for unconventional catalysts or expensive special reagents. The roles of pressure, temperature, and residence time proved crucial for the fine-tuning of the sensitive balance between the product selectivity and the reaction rate. The presented flow-chemistry-based deuteration technique lacks most of the drawbacks of the classical batch methods, and is convenient, time- and cost-efficient, and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged (Hungary)
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged (Hungary).,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged (Hungary)
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - István M Mándity
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged (Hungary)
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Research Center for Natural Products and New Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged (Hungary).,MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged (Hungary)
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248
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Nagaki A, Takahashi Y, Henseler A, Matsuo C, Yoshida JI. Flash Chemistry Using Trichlorovinyllithium: Switching the Reaction Pathways by High-resolution Reaction Time Control. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Andrea Henseler
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Chika Matsuo
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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249
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Zhang J, Dong C, Du C, Luo G. Organocatalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime in a Microchemical System. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500370u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Dong
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chencan Du
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory
of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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250
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Hashimoto K, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. A Carbon Nanotube Confinement Strategy to Implement Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis in the Solid Phase. Chemistry 2015; 21:4262-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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