201
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Sinha N, Patil S, Dodwad PK, Patil AC, Singh B. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide paste, chlorhexidine gel, and a combination of both as intracanal medicament: An in vivo comparative study. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16:65-70. [PMID: 23349580 PMCID: PMC3548350 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH), 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) and a combination of both, on obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes and Candida spp . Materials and Methods: 90 single rooted permanent teeth were included in the study. After complete disinfection and access opening, the first microbiological pre-treatment sample (S1) was collected. After completion of instrumentation, a post-instumentation sample (S2) was taken and the teeth were divided into three groups: Group I: CH, Group II: 2% CHX, Group III: 2% CHX with CH. After 1 week, a post-medication sample (S3) was collected. Results: All three medicaments were effective in the elimination of obligate anaerobes. CHX and combination showed higher antimicrobial effect against facultative anaerobes and Candida spp. in comparison with CH. But there was no statistical significant difference between Group II and Group III. Conclusion: CHX with or without CH was more effective than CH alone against all the tested micro-organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sinha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jodhpur Dental College, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, India
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202
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Mathew VB, Madhusudhana K, Sivakumar N, Venugopal T, Reddy RK. Anti-microbial efficiency of silver diamine fluoride as an endodontic medicament - An ex vivo study. Contemp Clin Dent 2013; 3:262-4. [PMID: 23293478 PMCID: PMC3532785 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Antisepsis achieved through appropriate use of irrigants is essential for endodontic success. Identification of newer anti-bacterial agents gives alternatives to clean the canal as eradication of the infection prior to obturation does affect prognosis. OBJECTIVE Comparison of the anti-bacterial action of 3.8% silver diamine fluoride and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four single-rooted teeth were decoronated, and the root section was enlarged with peeso-reamer (No: 3) to standardize length and diameter. The samples were then autoclaved and divided into two study groups and two control groups. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was inoculated into all test samples for 72 hours. The samples were enlarged with peeso-reamer (No: 5) after placement of respective medicament for 24 hours. Shavings were collected and inoculated on Brain Heart Infusion agar for 24 hrs to measure the colony forming units. RESULTS Both 3.8% silver diamine fluoride and 2% chlorhexidine showed a superior capacity to sterilize the root canals than control groups. CONCLUSION The use of silver diamine fluoride as an endodontic irrigant is feasible as it can effectively remove the microbes present in the canal and circumpulpal dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod B Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
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203
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ÜSTÜN Y, ARSLAN S, ASLAN T. Effects of calcium hydroxide and propolis intracanal medicaments on bond strength of resin-based endodontic sealer as assessed by push-out test. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:913-9. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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204
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MAEKAWA LE, VALERA MC, de OLIVEIRA LD, CARVALHO CAT, CAMARGO CHR, JORGE AOC. Effect of Zingiber officinale and propolis on microorganisms and endotoxins in root canals. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:25-31. [PMID: 23559108 PMCID: PMC3881809 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757201302129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of glycolic propolis (PRO) and ginger (GIN) extracts, calcium hydroxide (CH), chlorhexidine (CLX) gel and their combinations as ICMs (ICMs) against Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and endotoxins in root canals. MATERIAL AND METHODS After 28 days of contamination with microorganisms, the canals were instrumented and then divided according to the ICM: CH+saline; CLX, CH+CLX, PRO, PRO+CH; GIN; GIN+CH; saline. The antimicrobial activity and quantification of endotoxins by the chromogenic test of Limulus amebocyte lysate were evaluated after contamination and instrumentation at 14 days of ICM application and 7 days after ICM removal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION After analysis of results and application of the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests at 5% significance level, it was concluded that all ICMs were able to eliminate the microorganisms in the root canals and reduce their amount of endotoxins; however, CH was more effective in neutralizing endotoxins and less effective against C. albicans and E. faecalis, requiring the use of medication combinations to obtain higher success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Eiko MAEKAWA
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, UNESP - Univ
Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Carneiro VALERA
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Chair Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry,
UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de OLIVEIRA
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biosciences and Oral
Diagnosis, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Antonio Talge CARVALHO
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative
Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Ribeiro CAMARGO
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative
Dentistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso JORGE
- DDS, MSc, PhD, Chair Professor, Department of Oral Diagnosis and
Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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205
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Good ML, McCammon A. Removal of gutta-percha and root canal sealer: a literature review and an audit comparing current practice in dental schools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:703-8. [PMID: 23367635 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2012.39.10.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-L Good
- Consultant, Department of Restorative Dentistry, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BP, Northern Ireland
| | - A McCammon
- Vocational Trainee, Whitehead, Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland
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206
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Lee JK, Park YJ, Kum KY, Han SH, Chang SW, Kaufman B, Jiang J, Zhu Q, Safavi K, Spångberg L. Antimicrobial efficacy of a human β-defensin-3 peptide using anEnterococcus faecalisdentine infection model. Int Endod J 2012; 46:406-12. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-K. Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute and BK21 program; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul National University School of Dentistry; Seoul; Korea
| | - Y.-J. Park
- Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Science Major; Intellectual Biointerface Engineering Center; Dental Research Institute; Seoul National University School of Dentistry; Seoul; Korea
| | - K.-Y. Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Dental Research Institute and BK21 program; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul National University School of Dentistry; Seoul; Korea
| | - S. H. Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology & Immunology; Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program; Seoul National University Dental Hospital; Seoul National University School of Dentistry; Seoul; Korea
| | - S.-W. Chang
- Center for Health Promotion; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul; Korea
| | - B. Kaufman
- Division of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
| | - J. Jiang
- Division of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
| | - Q. Zhu
- Division of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
| | - K. Safavi
- Division of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
| | - L. Spångberg
- Division of Endodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington; CT; USA
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207
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Estrela C, Estrela CRDA, Guimarães LF, Silva RS, Pécora JD. Surface tension of calcium hydroxide associated with different substances. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 13:152-6. [PMID: 20924540 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572005000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface tension of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with different substances (deionized distilled water, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, Otosporin, 3% sodium lauryl ether sulphate; Furacin, PMC Furacin) using tensiometer. The action of the substances studied on the dentinal structure enhances the property of surface tension. This method consists in the application of force to separate a platinum ring immersed in the substances. Thus, torsion was applied to the screw until the platinum ring separated during substances testing. Considering the methodology applied, the following can be concluded: distilled water alone or associated with CH presented a high surface tension (70.00 and 68.40 dynes/cm); calcium hydroxide in association with anionic detergent showed low surface tension (31.60 dynes/cm); camphorated paramonochlorophenol plus CH presented low surface tension (37.50 dynes/cm); 2% chlorhexidine associated with calcium hydroxide showed high surface tension values (58.00 dynes/cm); Otosporin plus calcium hydroxide showed low surface tension (35.40 dynes/cm); paramonochlorophenol Furacin mixed with calcium hydroxide presented surface tension equal to 45.50 dynes/cm; sodium hypochlorite presented high surface tension (75.00 dynes/cm). Antimicrobial agents more indicated in endodontics, i.e. CH, chlorhexidine and hypochlorite, presented the highest surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Department of Oral Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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208
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Good M, El Karim IA, Hussey DL. Endodontic 'Solutions'. Part 2: An audit comparing current practice in Belfast with UK and Republic of Ireland Dental Schools. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:327-8, 330-2. [PMID: 22852510 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2012.39.5.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endodontic lubricants, irrigating solutions and medicaments help reduce the microbial load within root canals. Primary and secondary cases involve different microbes. Each'solution'or combinations thereof could play a significant role but no detailed guidelines exist on their use. An audit was undertaken to compare current practice in Belfast Dental School to the others across the UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI). This audit highlighted three main differences between Belfast and other dental schools. Many other institutions utilized other irrigants besides sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), different intracanal medicaments, including calcium hydroxide, and higher concentrations of NaOCl. Having gathered this information, we ask, 'Is there sufficient evidence to change the endodontic regime currently used at Belfast Dental School?'. Using the findings from the literature review (Part 1), we introduce new evidence-based protocols for primary and secondary cases for use in Belfast Dental School. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In the absence of detailed clinical guidelines on the use of endodontic lubricants, irrigants and medicaments in primary and secondary cases, it is important to be aware of current practice in UK and ROI dental schools where dentists and specialists are trained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Good
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, UK
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209
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Kamberi B, Bajrami D, Stavileci M, Omeragiq S, Dragidella F, Koçani F. The Antibacterial Efficacy of Biopure MTAD in Root Canal Contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. ISRN DENTISTRY 2012; 2012:390526. [PMID: 22991671 PMCID: PMC3443582 DOI: 10.5402/2012/390526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Biopure MTAD against E. faecalis in contaminated root canals. Materials and Methods. Forty-two single rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis and incubated for four weeks. The samples were divided in two control and five experimental groups irrigated with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl); 3% NaOCl; BioPure MTAD; 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA; or 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. After a one-week incubation, complete disinfection was confirmed by the absence of turbidity in the incubation media. Dentin shavings were taken from samples with no turbidity to verify whether E. faecalis was present in dentin tubules. Results were analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results. Statistical analysis of the data obtained at Day 7 and after dentin shaving analysis showed that BioPure MTAD had significantly greater antibacterial activity than 1.5% NaOCl, 1.5% NaOCl/17% EDTA and 3% NaOCl/17% EDTA. No significant difference was detected between MTAD and 3% NaOCl. Conclusions. These findings suggest that BioPure MTAD possesses superior bactericidal activity compared with NaOCl and EDTA against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blerim Kamberi
- Department of Dental Pathology and Endodontics, University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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210
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Good M, El KIA, Hussey DL. Endodontic 'solutions' part 1: a literature review on the use of endodontic lubricants, irrigants and medicaments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:239-40, 242-4, 246. [PMID: 22774686 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2012.39.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic lubricants, irrigants and medicaments help prepare and disinfect root canal systems (RCS) but primary and secondary cases involve different microbes and therefore it is unlikely that one protocol will be effective for both case types. Each individual 'solution' or sequence of'solutions' could play a significant role in each case type, but there are no detailed published guidelines in existence. To help inform clinical practice it was decided to undertake a literature review followed by a UK and Republic of Ireland wide audit on current endodontic'solution' usage within dental schools. The literature review was undertaken under the following headings: pre-op oral rinse; file lubricants; root canal irrigants and intracanal medicaments and provides an evidence base for protocol development for both primary and retreatment cases.The audit project and the protocols developed from the findings of both the literature review and audit will be presented in Part 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Good
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT12 6BP, Northern Ireland, UK
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211
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de Lucena JMVM, Decker EM, Walter C, Boeira LS, Löst C, Weiger R. Antimicrobial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments onEnterococcus faecalis: chlorhexidine versus octenidine. Int Endod J 2012; 46:53-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. V. M. de Lucena
- Research Division; Federal Institute of Education; Science and Technology of Amazon; Manaus; Brazil
| | - E. M. Decker
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; University of Tübingen; Tübingen; Germany
| | - C. Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
| | - L. S. Boeira
- Research Division; Federal Institute of Education; Science and Technology of Amazon; Manaus; Brazil
| | - C. Löst
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; University of Tübingen; Tübingen; Germany
| | - R. Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology; University of Basel; Basel; Switzerland
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212
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Effect of Ultrasonic Activation on pH and Calcium Released by Calcium Hydroxide Pastes in Simulated External Root Resorption. J Endod 2012; 38:834-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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213
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Prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of teeth associated with apical periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4:19-23. [PMID: 22422085 PMCID: PMC3412659 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and filled root canals of patients requiring endodontic retreatment for apical periodontitis. Patients with apical periodontitis who were referred for endodontic retreatment were examined. The type and quality of the restoration, symptoms, quality of obturation were recorded. During retreatment, an oral rinse sample and root canal sample were cultured using brain-heart infusion agar and bile esculinazide agar to select for E. faecalis. The 16S rRNA technique was used to identify E. faecalis. A total of 32 women and 22 men (mean age: 38 years; s.d.: 11 years) and 58 teeth were studied. The prevalence of E. faecalis was 19% in the saliva and 38% in the root canals. The odds that root canals harbored E. faecalis were increased if the saliva habored this bacterium (odds ratio=9.7; 95% confidence interval=1.8–51.6; P<0.05). Teeth with unsatisfactory root obturation had more cultivable bacterial species in root canals than teeth with satisfactory root obturation (P<0.05). E. faecalis is more common in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis than in saliva. The prevalence of E. faecalis in root canals is associated with the presence of E. faecalis in saliva.
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214
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Saatchi M, Hosseini HS, Farhad AR, Narimany T. The effect of various concentrations of iodine potassium iodide on the antimicrobial properties of mineral trioxide aggregate--a pilot study. Dent Traumatol 2012; 28:474-7. [PMID: 22296180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a multi-purpose dental material with various uses in dentistry. Iodine potassium iodide (IKI) is the most commonly used iodine compound in endodontics. We aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of tooth-colored ProRoot MTA combined with IKI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial activity of IKI was assessed at three concentrations (1%, 2%, and 4%) as the mixing agents combined with MTA against Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. For each microorganism, three plates were inoculated with 100 μl of a microbial suspension (McFarland 0.5). Four wells were prepared in each plate. MTA (70 mg) was mixed with any of the three concentrations of IKI (25 μl) or sterile distilled water (25 μl) and placed in each well. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Zones of inhibition (ZOI) were measured in millimeters by a blinded observer. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Dunnett t-test. RESULTS All MTA mixtures with water or IKI solutions showed inhibitory zones. The mean ZOI of each MTA/IKI mixture was not significantly different from MTA/water mixture (P > 0.05). MTA/1% IKI had smaller ZOI than MTA/water against E. coli, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. MTA/2% IKI showed larger ZOI only against P. aeruginosa. MTA/4% IKI showed larger ZOI against P. aeruginosa and E. coli (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Substitution of IKI solutions (1%, 2%, and 4%) for water did not significantly increase the antimicrobial activity of MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Saatchi
- Department of Endodontics and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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215
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De Faria-Júnior NB, Keine KC, Só MVR, Weckwerth PH, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Kuga MC. Residues of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication associated with different vehicles: A scanning electron microscopy evaluation. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:898-902. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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216
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An In Vitro Study Comparing the Intracanal Effectiveness of Calcium Hydroxide– and Linezolid-based Medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2012; 38:95-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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217
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Matos Neto M, Santos SSF, Leão MVP, Habitante SM, Rodrigues JRDD, Jorge AOC. Effectiveness of three instrumentation systems to remove Enterococcus faecalis from root canals. Int Endod J 2011; 45:435-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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218
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Quah SY, Wu S, Lui JN, Sum CP, Tan KS. N-acetylcysteine inhibits growth and eradicates biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2011; 38:81-5. [PMID: 22152626 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial and biofilm eradication efficacies of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of NAC on E. faecalis were determined. In addition, the ability of dentin powder to neutralize the antibacterial activity of NAC was examined. Calcium hydroxide, a commonly used intracanal medicament, was included as a comparison. The efficacy of NAC on E. faecalis biofilms was tested by exposure of 21-day old E. faecalis biofilms to NAC. RESULTS NAC was most bactericidal at pH 11 with MIC and MBC of 1.56 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. Although preincubation of calcium hydroxide with dentin powder abolished its antibacterial effects, NAC completely killed E. faecalis regardless of dentin powder preincubation. In addition, prolonged incubation of NAC with dentin powder (up to 3 weeks) did not significantly reduce its antibacterial activity on E. faecalis. Furthermore, NAC also effectively eradicated E. faecalis biofilms. CONCLUSIONS NAC was bactericidal against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of E. faecalis. This antibacterial property of NAC was unaffected by the presence of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yiling Quah
- Discipline of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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219
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Lima RKP, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Faria-Júnior NB, Tanomaru-Filho M. Effectiveness of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2011; 45:311-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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220
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Vaghela DJ, Kandaswamy D, Venkateshbabu N, Jamini N, Ganesh A. Disinfection of dentinal tubules with two different formulations of calcium hydroxide as compared to 2% chlorhexidine: As intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2011; 14:182-6. [PMID: 21814363 PMCID: PMC3146114 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.82625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the disinfection of dentinal tubules using calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol and calcium hydroxide with iodoform in silicone oil, as compared to 2% chlorhexidine gel. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of the medicaments against E.faecalis and C.albicans were assessed in vitro, using a dentinal tubule model at depths of 200 μm and 400 μm in extracted single rooted teeth. Saline was taken as the negative control (Group I) Results: All three medicaments used in this study exerted antibacterial and antifungal activity. Group II (calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol) and Group IV (2% chlorhexidine gel) had the highest antimicrobial activity and the differences between their antibacterial activities were not statistically significant. Group III (calcium hydroxide with iodoform in silicone oil) and Group IV had the highest antifungal activity and the differences between their antifungal activities were not statistically significant. The inhibition of growth at 200 μm and 400 μm was uniform, with no statistical difference. Conclusions: Two percent chlorhexidine gel was effective against both E.faecalis and C.albicans. Calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol was the most effective intracanal medicament along with 2% chlorhexidine against E.faecalis, whereas, calcium hydroxide with iodoform in silicone oil was the most effective intracanal medicament along with 2% chlorhexidine against C.albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshita Joy Vaghela
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College Research Center and Hospital, Moradabad, India
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Role of Efflux Pump Inhibitors on the Antibiofilm Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide, Chitosan Nanoparticles, and Light-activated Disinfection. J Endod 2011; 37:1422-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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222
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Singla MG, Garg A, Gupta S. MTAD in endodontics: an update review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:e70-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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223
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van der Waal SV, van der Sluis LWM, Özok AR, Exterkate RAM, van Marle J, Wesselink PR, de Soet JJ. The effects of hyperosmosis or high pH on a dual-species biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an in vitro study. Int Endod J 2011; 44:1110-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01929.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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224
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Senges C, Wrbas KT, Altenburger M, Follo M, Spitzmüller B, Wittmer A, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. Bacterial and Candida albicans adhesion on different root canal filling materials and sealers. J Endod 2011; 37:1247-52. [PMID: 21846541 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on endodontic root canal filling materials and sealers lead to survival of microorganisms in treated root canals and subsequently to endodontic treatment failures. The present study focused on initial microbial adhesion to different endodontic filling materials. METHODS The following endodontic biomaterials were tested: AH-Plus, Tubli Seal, gutta-percha, Real Seal SE, EndoREZ, Apexit Plus, GuttaFlow, and dentin. Samples of each material were prepared. Bovine dentin samples were used as a control. The initial adhesions of salivary bacteria as well as the subsequent single species were quantified by determination of colony-forming units (CFUs) and visualized by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy (CLSM): Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, and Prevotella nigrescens. RESULTS Initially adherent microorganisms could be detected and microscopically visualized on each of the materials tested. Considering the values of the CFUs and the covering grade as detected by CLSM, there were significant differences among the materials. Fewer bacteria tended to adhere to Apexit Plus, whereas Real Seal SE and the widely used gutta-percha showed the highest number of adherent bacteria. This tendency was not detected for C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS Endodontic microorganisms have a high affinity to root canal filling materials and sealers, especially to gutta-percha. Because of this high level of bacterial adhesion, subsequent biofilm formation on these materials could be suggested as leading to the persistence of microorganisms in root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Senges
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
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Wagner C, Barth VC, de Oliveira SD, Campos MM. Effectiveness of the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole associated with calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication: an in vivo study. J Endod 2011; 37:1253-7. [PMID: 21846542 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the association of a proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) with Ca(OH)(2) as intracanal medication in a rat model of periapical lesions. METHODS Periapical lesions were induced on the first right mandibular molar tooth of 36 male Wistar rats (6 per group). After 28 days, the distal canal of each tooth was prepared, filled with the respective dressing (negative control group, PEG 400; positive control group, Ca(OH)(2) + PEG400; test group, Ca(OH)(2) + omeprazole + PEG 400), and sealed with amalgam for 15 or 28 days. Microbiological samples were taken in 3 periods: S1, after 28 days of lesion induction; S2, after the biomechanical preparation; and S3, after the medication (15 and 28 days). RESULTS The radiographic and histologic analysis revealed that either Ca(OH)(2) or Ca(OH)(2) plus omeprazole dressings produced a reduction of periapical lesions at 28 days, when compared with the negative control group. The reduction of periapical lesions and inflammatory cell infiltration was visibly improved by associating omeprazole with Ca(OH)(2), with an increase of reparative bone areas. The microbiological assessment showed a significant decrease of colony-forming units count from S1 to S2 or S3 collecting times, but no differences were observed between the S2 and the S3 time-periods or among the experimental groups within the S3 period. Further bacterial characterization showed a possible selective activity of the medications. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that association of omeprazole with Ca(OH)(2) favored a superior repair of rat periapical lesions and seemed to display different selective activity over endodontic microbiota, in comparison with the conventional Ca(OH)(2) dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Wagner
- Postgraduate Program of Dental College, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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226
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Karygianni L, Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad M, Finkenzeller G, Sauerbier S, Wolkewitz M, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. Enterococcus faecalis affects the proliferation and differentiation of ovine osteoblast-like cells. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:879-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-011-0563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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227
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Heward S, Sedgley CM. Effects of intracanal mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide during four weeks on pH changes in simulated root surface resorption defects: an in vitro study using matched pairs of human teeth. J Endod 2011; 37:40-4. [PMID: 21146074 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffusion of hydroxyl ions from intracanal calcium hydroxide (CH) through dentin is used to arrest external inflammatory root resorption. However, long-term and short-term CH placement has been associated with an increased risk of root fracture. Intracanal mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) might provide an alternative to CH as a source of hydroxyl ions. This in vitro study compared the effects of intracanal MTA and CH on hydroxyl ion diffusion through dentin by measuring pH changes over time in simulated root surface resorption defects prepared in matched pairs of teeth; the null hypothesis tested was that there is no difference. METHODS Root surface cavities were prepared 5 mm from the apex in extracted human permanent anterior teeth (21 matched pairs) and 7 additional teeth (controls). Root canals were instrumented to size 50/.04 and filled with either tooth-colored MTA (ProRoot) or CH (UltraCal XS); control teeth were filled with saline. The pH in root surface cavities was measured at 3 hours, 24 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks. RESULTS In controls, pH readings did not differ significantly during the 4 weeks (P > .05, repeated-measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]). For the experimental intragroup effects, significant pH changes occurred over time in the MTA group (P = .005, repeated-measures ANOVA) and the CH group (P < .0001). For the experimental intergroup effects, the overall mean pH was higher in the MTA group (8.66; standard error [SE], 0.07) compared with the CH group (8.46; SE, 0.07) (P = .014, paired t test). At 4 weeks pH was higher in the MTA group (8.30; SE, 0.16) compared with the CH group (7.90; SE, 0.11) (P = .011); at all other time points intergroup differences were insignificant. The null hypothesis was rejected. CONCLUSIONS Intracanal MTA and CH groups differed in their overall effect on pH measured in simulated root surface resorption defects. At 4 weeks intracanal placement of MTA compared with CH resulted in a small but significantly higher pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Heward
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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228
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HAAPASALO MARKUS, SHEN YA, RICUCCI DOMENICO. Reasons for persistent and emerging post-treatment endodontic disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2011.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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229
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Calcium Hydroxide Inactivates Lipoteichoic Acid from Enterococcus faecalis through Deacylation of the Lipid Moiety. J Endod 2011; 37:191-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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230
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da Silva JM, Andrade Junior CV, Zaia AA, Pessoa OF. Microscopic cleanliness evaluation of the apical root canal after using calcium hydroxide mixed with chlorhexidine, propylene glycol, or antibiotic paste. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:260-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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231
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Mehrvarzfar P, Saghiri MA, Asatourian A, Fekrazad R, Karamifar K, Eslami G, Dadresanfar B. Additive effect of a diode laser on the antibacterial activity of 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis contaminating root canals: an in vitro study. J Oral Sci 2011; 53:355-60. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.53.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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232
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[Chlorhexidine as a root canal irrigant--antimicrobial and scanning electron microscopic evaluation]. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2010; 138:557-63. [PMID: 21180084 DOI: 10.2298/sarh1010557p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Selection of irrigant is very important for long-term success of root canal therapy. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution (CHX) against five selected microorganisms and to evaluate its efficacy in root canal cleaning. METHODS In this study, by agar diffusion test, were evaluated antimicrobial effects of three root canal irrigants: 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX. The microorganisms tested in this study were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate root canal cleaning ability of 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and 15% EDTA. Twelve extracted single-root human teeth were divided into four groups depending on the irrigant used during instrumentation. Mechanical preparation was performed with Step back technique and K files. Data were analysed statistically by Student's t-test. RESULTS 5.25% NaOCl was the most effective against all tested microorganisms. 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX showed antimicrobial effects against all tested microorganisms but zones of inhibition were smaller.The best results in root canal walls cleaning were obtained in the group where the irrigant was 15% EDTA (score 2.33). In 5.25% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX groups, there was more smear layer (score 4 and 5). CONCLUSION 2% chlorhexidine digluconate showed strong antimicrobial effect on the tested microorganisms, but was not effective in cleaning root canal walls.
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233
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Badr AE, Omar N, Badria FA. A laboratory evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Liquorice when used as root canal medicament. Int Endod J 2010; 44:51-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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234
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Harrison AJ, Chivatxaranukul P, Parashos P, Messer HH. The effect of ultrasonically activated irrigation on reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in experimentally infected root canals. Int Endod J 2010; 43:968-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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235
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Antimicrobial Effects of Calcium Hydroxide and Chlorhexidine on Enterococcus faecalis. J Endod 2010; 36:1389-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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236
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Comparison of Bacterial Reduction in Straight and Curved Canals Using Erbium, Chromium:Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium-Garnet Laser Treatment versus a Traditional Irrigation Technique With Sodium Hypochlorite. J Endod 2010; 36:725-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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237
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Ozbek SM, Ozbek A, Erdorgan AS. Analysis of Enterococcus faecalis in samples from Turkish patients with primary endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatment by real-time PCR SYBR green method. J Appl Oral Sci 2010; 17:370-4. [PMID: 19936510 PMCID: PMC4327658 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of Enterococcus faecalis in primary endodontic infections and failed endodontic treatments using real-time PCR and to determine the statistical importance of the presence of E. faecalis in a Turkish population with endodontic infections. Material and Methods: E. faecalis was investigated from 79 microbial samples collected from patients who were treated at the Endodontic Clinic of the Dental School of Atatürk University (Erzurum, Turkey). Microbial samples were taken from 43 patients (Group 1) with failed endodontic treatments and 36 patients (Group 2) with chronic apical periodontitis (primary endodontic infections). DNA was extracted from the samples by using a QIAamp® DNA mini-kit and analyzed with real-time PCR SYBR Green. Results: E. faecalis was detected in 41 out of 79 patients, suggesting that it exists in not less than 61% of all endodontic infections when the proportion test (z= -1.645, <x= 0.05) was applied. Real-time PCR SYBR Green allowed for the detection of E. faecalis in 32 out of 43 (74.4%) in Group 1, and in 9 out of 36 (25%) in Group 2. Conclusions: These results suggest that E. faecalis is a frequent isolate for endodontic infections in Turkish patients, and is more often associated with failed endodontic treatments than primary endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk M Ozbek
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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238
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Estrela C, Estrela CRDA, Hollanda ACB, Decurcio DDA, Pécora JD. Influence of iodoform on antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 14:33-7. [PMID: 19089027 PMCID: PMC4327168 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to verify the influence of Iodoform on antimicrobial potential of calcium hydroxide. S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. albicans were the biological indicators. The substances tested were: calcium hydroxide + saline; calcium hydroxide + Iodoform + saline; Iodoform + saline. For the agar diffusion test, 18 Petri plates with 20 ml of BHI agar were inoculated with the microbial suspensions. Fifty-four cavities were made and filled with the substances tested. The diameters of microbial inhibition were then measured. In direct exposure test, 162 #50 sterile absorbent paper points were immersed in the experimental suspensions for 5 min, and covered with the pastes. At intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours, the paper points were immersed in 10 ml of Letheen Broth, followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 48h. Microbial growth was evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. A 0.1 ml inoculum obtained from the Letheen Broth was transferred to 7 ml of BHI, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48h. Bacterial growth was again evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. The calcium hydroxide associated with the saline or the iodoform plus saline showed antimicrobial effectiveness in both experimental methods. The iodoform paste presented antimicrobial ineffectiveness for the agar diffusion test on all biological microorganisms and for the direct exposure test on B. subtilis and on the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Department of Oral Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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239
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Soares JA, Leonardo MR, da Silva LAB, Tanomaru Filho M, Ito IY. Elimination of intracanal infection in dogs' teeth with induced periapical lesions after rotary instrumentation: influence of different calcium hydroxide pastes. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 14:172-7. [PMID: 19089068 PMCID: PMC4327192 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiseptic efficacy of rotary instrumentation associated with calcium hydroxide-based pastes prepared with different vehicles and antiseptics. Chronic periapical lesions were experimentally induced in 72 premolar root canals of four dogs. Under controlled asepsis, after initial microbiological sampling (A1), the root canals were instrumented using the ProFile system in conjunction with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and the intracanal medication was placed. Four experimental groups were formed according to the pastes used: group 1- Calen (n=18), group 2- Calen+CPMC (n=20), group 3- Ca(OH)2 p.a.+ anaesthetic solution (n=16) and group 4- Ca(OH)2 p.a.+ 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (n=18). After 21 days, the pastes were removed; the canals were emptied and 96 hours later a second microbiological sample was obtained (A2). The incidence of positive microbiological cultures and the number of cfus in stages A1 and A2 were compared statistically by the Wilcoxon test while the influence of the different treatments in intracanal infection was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% significance level (p<0.05). Large numbers of strict and facultative anaerobes, and viridans group streptococci were found in 100% of root canals of A1 samples. Among A2 samples, all treatments showed significant reduction of cfus and positive cultures (p<0.05), but only groups 3 and 4 showed 100% of root canals free of microorganisms. Rotary instrumentation plus NaOCl 5.25% associated with intracanal medication produced a drastic reduction or elimination of intracanal microbiota, whose performance was not influenced by the nature of the vehicle or the antiseptic added to the Ca(OH)2 p.a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janir Alves Soares
- Discipline of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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Soares JA, Leonardo MR, da Silva LAB, Tanomaru Filho M, Ito IY. Histomicrobiologic aspects of the root canal system and periapical lesions in dogs' teeth after rotary instrumentation and intracanal dressing with Ca(OH)2 pastes. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 14:355-64. [PMID: 19089058 PMCID: PMC4327228 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of microorganisms in the root canal system (RCS) and periapical lesions of dogs' teeth after rotary instrumentation and placement of different calcium hydroxide [Ca(OHy-based intracanal dressings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chronic periapical lesions were experimentally induced in 80 premolar roots of four dogs. Instrumentation was undertaken using the ProFile rotary system and irrigation with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The following Ca(OH)2-based pastes were applied for 21 days: group 1 - Calen (n=18); group 2 - Calen+CPMC (n=20); group 3 - Ca(OH2 p.a. + anaesthetic solution (n=16) and group 4 - Ca(OH2 p.a.+ 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (n=18). Eight root canals without endodontic treatment constituted the control group. Histological sections were obtained and stained with Brown & Brenn staining technique to evaluate the presence of microorganisms in the main root canal, ramifications of the apical delta and secondary canals, apical cementoplasts, dentinal tubules, areas of cemental resorption and periapical lesions. The results were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The control group showed the highest prevalence of microorganisms in all sites evaluated. Gram-positive cocci, bacilli and filaments were the most frequent morphotypes. Similar microbial distribution patterns in the RCS and areas of cementum resorption were observed in all groups (p>0.05). The percentage of RCS sites containing microorganisms in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and control were: 67.6%, 62.5%, 78.2%, 62.0% and 87.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the histomicrobiological analysis showed that the rotary instrumentation and the different calcium hydroxide pastes employed did not effectively eliminate the infection from the RCS and periapical lesions. However, several bacteria seen in the histological sections were probably dead or were inactivated by the biomechanical preparation and calcium hydroxide-based intracanal dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janir Alves Soares
- Discipline of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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241
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Awawdeh L, Al-Beitawi M, Hammad M. Effectiveness of propolis and calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis: a laboratory study. AUST ENDOD J 2009; 35:52-8. [PMID: 19703075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-4477.2008.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of propolis-based intracanal medicament against Enterococcus faecalis using infected dentine models, and to compare its antimicrobial efficacy with that of the non-setting calcium hydroxide paste when used as a short-term medication for 1 and 2 days. A total of 50 dentine discs of 7-mm length was obtained from extracted human teeth. Five dentine discs were kept sterile to serve as a negative control. The remaining 45 were contaminated with E. faecalis and divided into two groups (n = 20) in addition to five discs that served as a positive control. The discs were treated as follow: 20 discs were filled with propolis, while the other 20 discs were filled with non-setting calcium hydroxide. Microbiological sampling was performed utilising sterile paper point, headstrom file and disc immersion. Results showed that propolis was significantly more effective than non-setting calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis after short-term application, which made comparison from this prospect unlevelled. The most effective microbiological sampling technique was abrading the lumen with headstrom file. Propolis is very effective as intracanal medicament in rapidly eliminating E. faecalis ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Awawdeh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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242
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Húngaro Duarte MA, Midena RZ, Zeferino MA, Vivan RR, Weckwerth PH, dos Santos F, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M. Evaluation of pH and Calcium Ion Release of Calcium Hydroxide Pastes Containing Different Substances. J Endod 2009; 35:1274-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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243
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In vitro antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide mixed with different vehicles against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 108:297-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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244
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Particle size and shape of calcium hydroxide. J Endod 2009; 35:284-7. [PMID: 19166791 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the particle length, width, perimeter, and aspect ratio of calcium hydroxide powder using a flow particle image analyzer (FPIA). Five sample groups each with 10 mg of calcium hydroxide were mixed with 15 mL of alcohol and sonicated. Digital images of the particle samples were taken using the FPIA and analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance. The overall averages +/- standard deviation among the five groups for particle length (microm), width (microm), perimeter (microm), and aspect ratio were 2.255 +/- 1.994, 1.620 +/- 1.464, 6.699 +/- 5.598, and 0.737 +/- 0.149, respectively. No statistical significance was observed among the groups for all parameters. When the total of 46,818 particles from all five groups were classified into the five length categories of 0.5-microm increments, there were significant differences in width, perimeter, and aspect ratio (all p values <0.0001). In conclusion, calcium hydroxide particles have a size and shape that may allow direct penetration into open dentin tubules.
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Estrela C, Sydney GB, Figueiredo JAP, Estrela CRDA. Antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments on bacterial biofilm: a critical review. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17:1-7. [PMID: 19148398 PMCID: PMC4327605 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss critically the antibacterial efficacy of intracanal medicaments on bacterial biofilm. Longitudinal studies were evaluated by a systematic review of English-language articles retrieved from electronic biomedical journal databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL) and handsearching records, using different matches of keywords for root canal biofilm, between 1966 and August 1st, 2007. The selected articles were identified from titles, abstracts and full-text articles by two independent reviewers, considering the tabulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The search retrieved 91 related articles, of which 8.8% referred to in vivo studies demonstrating the lack of efficacy of endodontic therapy on bacterial biofilm. Intracanal medicaments were found to have a limited action against bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Estrela
- Department of Oral Science, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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246
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Chivatxaranukul P, Dashper SG, Messer HH. Dentinal tubule invasion and adherence by Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2009; 41:873-82. [PMID: 18822013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate dentinal tubule invasion and the predilection of Enterococcus faecalis for dentinal tubule walls. METHODOLOGY The invasion of dentinal tubules in extracted human teeth by E. faecalis was measured ex vivo after 8 weeks of incubation. The canal walls of 16 root sections were either intact or instrumented with or without smear layer present. Extent and maximum depth of tubule invasion were assessed histologically and compared between groups. In the adherence study, 44 vertically split root samples were prepared to expose longitudinally aligned dentinal tubules and fractured orthodentine (OD). Surfaces were exposed to E. faecalis (erythromycin resistant strain, JH2-2 carrying plasmid pGh9:ISS1) and incubated aerobically for 2 h. Samples were processed for analysis using scanning electron microscopy. Bacterial adhesion to tubule walls versus fractured OD was calculated as number of cells per 100 microm(2). RESULTS The strain of E. faecalis used in this study showed moderate to heavy tubule invasion after 8 weeks. In the adhesion studies, significantly more bacteria adhered to fractured OD than to dentinal tubule walls (ANOVA, P < 0.001). With respect to the tubule wall, adherence was greater in inner versus outer dentine (P = 0.02) and greater when bacterial adhesion was tested in chemically defined medium than in phosphate-buffered saline (ANOVA, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although E. faecalis readily invaded tubules, it did not adhere preferentially to tubule walls. Initial colonization of dentinal tubules by E. faecalis may depend primarily on other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chivatxaranukul
- School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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247
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Oyama T, Nakano MH, Arai T, Kato D, Maeda N. In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Iontophoresis against Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. J Oral Biosci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1349-0079(09)80029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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248
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Oyama T, Nakano MH, Arai T, Kato D, Maeda N. In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Iontophoresis against Entercoccus faecalis, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. J Oral Biosci 2009. [DOI: 10.2330/joralbiosci.51.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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249
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EDTA treatment diminishes the antibacterial and anti-adherence effect of calcium hydroxide on Enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1017/s147905050800224x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study sought to understand the cell surface characteristics, viability and biofilm-forming potential ofEnterococcus faecaliscells sequentially exposed to EDTA and calcium hydroxide, as in endodontic treatment. Bacterial cells exposed to EDTA and calcium hydroxide were assayed for cell viability, membrane integrity, cell surface hydrophobicity and surface charge, while alteration in the surface topography ofE. faecaliscells was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The bacterial adherence potential to type I collagen was also examined to assess the biofilm-forming capacity ofE. faecaliscells exposed to EDTA and calcium hydroxide. It was found that calcium hydroxide treatment reduced the viability ofE. faecalis. However, prior exposure to EDTA significantly reduced the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide (P< 0.05). Calcium hydroxide treatment resulted in impaired cell wall morphology, observed as increased surface roughness and pore formation under AFM. However, these topographical changes induced by calcium hydroxide were significantly reduced in EDTA pretreated cells (P< 0.05). Calcium hydroxide treatment caused reduction in hydrophobicity and adherence ofE. faecalisto type I collagen. These effects due to calcium hydroxide were also significantly altered in EDTA-pretreated cells (P< 0.001). The findings from this study showed that the antibacterial and anti-adherence effect of calcium hydroxide was diminished by prior exposure ofE. faecaliscells to EDTA.
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250
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Gurgel-Filho ED, Vivacqua-Gomes N, Gomes BPFDA, Ferraz CCR, Zaia AA, Souza-Filho FJD. In vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of the chemomechanical preparation against Enterococcus faecalis after single- or multiple-visit root canal treatment. Braz Oral Res 2008; 21:308-13. [PMID: 18060256 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242007000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to assess the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in vitro in human mandibular premolars after chemomechanical preparation with or without the use of a calcium hydroxide dressing. After 60 days of contamination with E. faecalis, the root canals were prepared using the Crown-Down technique combined with 2% chlorhexidine gel irrigation. Then, the specimens were divided into two experimental groups, treated in a single visit or in multiple visits, and two control groups. The multiple-visit group received a dressing with calcium hydroxide for 14 days (Calen) and the single-visit group did not receive any medication. In the two control groups, the canals were filled with BHI after chemomechanical preparation with 2% chlorhexidine gel or distilled water. Microbial samples were taken from the root canals for colony forming unit count for each phase of the treatment using sterile paper points inside the root canal lumen. Data were ranked and analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The residual microbial colonies were then assessed. The results showed that chemomechanical preparation using 2% chlorhexidine gel with no intra-canal dressing reduced by 100% the E. faecalis contamination of the root canal lumen. The calcium-hydroxide group that received the 14-day intra-canal dressing allowed a small number of bacteria to grow between visits, but without statistical differences between groups.
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