201
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Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. RETREG1(FAM134B): A new player in human diseases: 15 years after the discovery in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4479-4489. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhadul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology; School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Rajshahi; Rajshahi Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology; School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
| | - Alfred King-yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology; School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Gold Coast Queensland Australia
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202
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Wang LH, Lin CY, Liu SC, Liu GT, Chen YL, Chen JJ, Chan CH, Lin TY, Chen CK, Xu GH, Chen SS, Tang CH, Wang SW. CCL5 promotes VEGF-C production and induces lymphangiogenesis by suppressing miR-507 in human chondrosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36896-36908. [PMID: 27166194 PMCID: PMC5095047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most frequently occurring type of bone malignancy that is characterized by the distant metastasis propensity. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) is the major lymphangiogenic factor, and makes crucial contributions to tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Chemokine CCL5 has been reported to facilitate angiogenesis and metastasis in chondrosarcoma. However, the effect of chemokine CCL5 on VEGF-C regulation and lymphangiogenesis in chondrosarcoma has largely remained a mystery. In this study, we showed a clinical correlation between CCL5 and VEGF-C as well as tumor stage in human chondrosarcoma tissues. We further demonstrated that CCL5 promoted VEGF-C expression and secretion in human chondrosarcoma cells. The conditioned medium (CM) from CCL5-overexpressed cells significantly induced tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Mechanistic investigations showed that CCL5 activated VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by down-regulating miR-507. Moreover, inhibiting CCL5 dramatically reduced VEGF-C and lymphangiogenesis in the chondrosarcoma xenograft animal model. Collectively, we document for the first time that CCL5 induces tumor lymphangiogenesis by the induction of VEGF-C in human cancer cells. Our present study reveals miR-507/VEGF-C signaling as a novel mechanism in CCL5-mediated tumor lymphangiogenesis. Targeting both CCL5 and VEGF-C pathways might serve as the potential therapeutic strategy to block cancer progression and metastasis in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Hong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongyang People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang, China
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Department of Urology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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203
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Zhao M, Mishra L, Deng CX. The role of TGF-β/SMAD4 signaling in cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:111-123. [PMID: 29483830 PMCID: PMC5821033 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.23230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays important roles in many biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, as well as cancer initiation and progression. SMAD4, which serves as the central mediator of TGF-β signaling, is specifically inactivated in over half of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma, and varying degrees in many other types of cancers. In the past two decades, multiple studies have revealed that SMAD4 loss on its own does not initiate tumor formation, but can promote tumor progression initiated by other genes, such as KRAS activation in pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma and APC inactivation in colorectal cancer. In other cases, such as skin cancer, loss of SMAD4 plays an important initiating role by disrupting DNA damage response and repair mechanisms and enhance genomic instability, suggesting its distinct roles in different types of tumors. This review lists SMAD4 mutations in various types of cancer and summarizes recent advances on SMAD4 with focuses on the function, signaling pathway, and the possibility of SMAD4 as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Center for Translational Research, Department of Surgery and GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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204
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Wang Y, Qian W, Yuan B. A Graphical Model of Smoking-Induced Global Instability in Lung Cancer. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 15:1-14. [PMID: 27542180 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2016.2599867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is the major cause of lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The most current view about lung cancer is no longer limited to individual genes being mutated by any carcinogenic insults from smoking. Instead, tumorigenesis is a phenotype conferred by many systematic and global alterations, leading to extensive heterogeneity and variation for both the genotypes and phenotypes of individual cancer cells. Thus, strategically it is foremost important to develop a methodology to capture any consistent and global alterations presumably shared by most of the cancerous cells for a given population. This is particularly true that almost all of the data collected from solid cancers (including lung cancers) are usually distant apart over a large span of temporal or even spatial contexts. Here, we report a multiple non-Gaussian graphical model to reconstruct the gene interaction network using two previously published gene expression datasets. Our graphical model aims to selectively detect gross structural changes at the level of gene interaction networks. Our methodology is extensively validated, demonstrating good robustness, as well as the selectivity and specificity expected based on our biological insights. In summary, gene regulatory networks are still relatively stable during presumably the early stage of neoplastic transformation. But drastic structural differences can be found between lung cancer and its normal control, including the gain of functional modules for cellular proliferations such as EGFR and PDGFRA, as well as the lost of the important IL6 module, supporting their roles as potential drug targets. Interestingly, our method can also detect early modular changes, with the ALDH3A1 and its associated interactions being strongly implicated as a potential early marker, whose activations appear to alter LCN2 module as well as its interactions with the important TP53-MDM2 circuitry. Our strategy using the graphical model to reconstruct gene interaction work with biologically-inspired constraints exemplifies the importance and beauty of biology in developing any bio-computational approach.
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205
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Mendel L, Ambrosetti D, Bodokh Y, Ngo-Mai M, Durand M, Simbsler-Michel C, Delhorbe M, Amiel J, Pedeutour F. Comprehensive study of three novel cases of TFEB
-amplified renal cell carcinoma and review of the literature: Evidence for a specific entity with poor outcome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 57:99-113. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mendel
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Central Laboratory of Pathology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Yohan Bodokh
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Mélanie Ngo-Mai
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Central Laboratory of Pathology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Matthieu Durand
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | | | - Mickael Delhorbe
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Jean Amiel
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Department of Urology; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081; Nice France
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics; Nice University Hospital affiliated to University of Nice Côte d'Azur; Nice France
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206
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Chen C, Lu C, Qian Y, Li H, Tan Y, Cai L, Weng H. Urinary miR-21 as a potential biomarker of hypertensive kidney injury and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17737. [PMID: 29255279 PMCID: PMC5735153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney biopsy is considered the golden criterion for diagnosing the etiology of kidney disease but accompanied by non-negligible complications. We explored the possibility of using urinary microRNA (miRNA) as a non-invasive biomarker for hypertensive kidney injury. We assessed differential miRNA expressions in the kidneys and urine of hypertensive mice with kidney injury induced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt compared to the controls. DOCA-salt treatment significantly increased renal tubular lesions from day 2 and mRNA expression of fibrosis-related genes from day 4 compared to the controls, respectively. Urinary albumin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was significantly increased on day 8 compared to the controls. Array results showed that 20 out of 585 miRNAs were highly expressed in the kidneys and significantly increased on day 8 compared to the controls, including miR-21, miR-146b, miR-155 and miR-132, which were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were significantly higher from day 4. The miR-21/creatinine in the urine from day 4 was significantly higher than that of the controls and was detected earlier than urinary albumin. In conclusion, we have identified urinary miR-21 that correlates with histopathological lesions and functional markers of kidney damage to facilitate a potential noninvasive detection for hypertensive kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Chen
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaosheng Lu
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Huachun Weng
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Pediatrics & Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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207
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Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare primary liver cancer found in adolescents and young adults without underlying liver disease. A deletion of ~400 kD has been found in one copy of chromosome 19 in the tumor tissue of all patients tested. This produces a fusion of the genes DNAJB1 and PRKACA which, in turn, produces a chimeric transcript and protein. Transcriptomic analysis of the tumor has shown upregulation of various oncologically relevant pathways, including EGF/ErbB, Aurora Kinase A, pak21 and wnt. To explore other factors that may contribute to oncogenesis, we examined the microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in FLC. The non-coding RNA expression profile in tumor tissue samples is distinctly different from the adjacent normal liver and from other liver tumors. Furthermore, miRZip knock down or over expression of certain miRNAs led to changes in the levels of coding genes that recapitulated changes observed in FLC, suggesting mechanistically that the changes in the cellular levels of miRNA are not merely correlative. Thus, in addition to serving as diagnostic tools for FLC, non-coding RNAs may serve as therapeutic targets.
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208
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Whole-Exome Sequencing-Based Mutational Profiling of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:2029315. [PMID: 29333154 PMCID: PMC5733245 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2029315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in China with increasing incidence. This study is designed to explore early genetic changes implicated in HCC tumorigenesis and progression by whole-exome sequencing. Methods We firstly sequenced the whole exomes of 5 paired hepatitis B virus-related early-stage HCC and peripheral blood samples, followed by gene ontological analysis and pathway analysis of the single-nucleotide variants discovered. Then, the mutations of high frequency were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results We identified a mutational signature of dominant T:A>A:T transversion in early HCC and significantly enriched pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, axon guidance, and focal adhesion and enriched biological processes containing cell adhesion, axon guidance, and regulation of pH. Eight genes, including MUC16, UNC79, USH2A, DNAH17, PTPN13, TENM4, PCLO, and PDE1C, were frequently mutated. Conclusions This study reveals a mutational profile and a distinct mutation signature of T:A>A:T transversion in early-stage HCC with HBV infection, which will enrich our understanding of genetic characteristics of the early-stage HCC.
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209
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Dos Santos ICC, Genre J, Marques D, da Silva AMG, Dos Santos JC, de Araújo JNG, Duarte VHR, Carracedo A, Torres-Español M, Bastos G, de Oliveira Ramos CC, Luchessi AD, Silbiger VN. A new panel of SNPs to assess thyroid carcinoma risk: a pilot study in a Brazilian admixture population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:140. [PMID: 29178884 PMCID: PMC5702224 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a common malignant disease of the endocrine system with increasing incidence rates over the last few decades. In this study, we sought to analyze the possible association of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with thyroid cancer in a population from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. METHODS Based on histological analysis by a pathologist, 80 normal thyroid specimens of tissue adjacent to thyroid tumors were obtained from the biobank at the Laboratory of Pathology of Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Câncer, Natal, RN. Patient samples were then genotyped using the MassARRAY platform (Sequenon, Inc) followed by statistical analysis employing the SNPassoc package in R program. The genotypic frequencies of all 45 SNPs obtained from the International HapMap Project database and based on data from the ancestral populations of European and African origin were used to compose the control study group. RESULTS In our study, the following 9 SNPs showed significant differences in their frequency when comparing the study and control groups: rs3744962, rs258107, rs1461855, rs4075022, rs9943744, rs4075570, rs2356508, rs17485896, and rs2651339. Furthermore, the SNPs rs374492 C/T and rs258107 C/T were associated with a relative risk for thyroid carcinoma of 3.78 (p = 6.27 × 10e-5) and 2.91 (p = 8.27 × 10e-5), respectively, after Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS These nine polymorphisms could be potential biomarkers of predisposition to thyroid carcinoma in the population from Rio Grande do Norte. However, complementary studies including a control group with samples obtained from healthy subjects in Rio Grande do Norte state, should be conducted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C C Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Julieta Genre
- Health Sciences Posgraduation Programme, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Diego Marques
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ananília M G da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jéssica N G de Araújo
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Victor H R Duarte
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-CIBERER-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica. Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Genotipado, PRB2- ISCIII. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Torres-Español
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica-CIBERER-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica. Servicio Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Genotipado, PRB2- ISCIII. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gisele Bastos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André D Luchessi
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Vivian N Silbiger
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rua General Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias s/n, CEP 59012-570, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Imran A, Qamar HY, Ali Q, Naeem H, Riaz M, Amin S, Kanwal N, Ali F, Sabar MF, Nasir IA. Role of Molecular Biology in Cancer Treatment: A Review Article. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:1475-1485. [PMID: 29167765 PMCID: PMC5696686 DOI: pmid/29167765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a genetic disease and mainly arises due to a number of reasons include activation of onco-genes, malfunction of tumor suppressor genes or mutagenesis due to external factors. Methods: This article was written from the data collected from PubMed, Nature, Science Direct, Springer and Elsevier groups of journals. Results: Oncogenes are deregulated form of normal proto-oncogenes required for cell division, differentiation and regulation. The conversion of proto-oncogene to oncogene is caused due to translocation, rearrangement of chromosomes or mutation in gene due to addition, deletion, duplication or viral infection. These oncogenes are targeted by drugs or RNAi system to prevent proliferation of cancerous cells. There have been developed different techniques of molecular biology used to diagnose and treat cancer, including retroviral therapy, silencing of oncogenes and mutations in tumor suppressor genes. Conclusion: Among all the techniques used, RNAi, zinc finger nucleases and CRISPR hold a brighter future towards creating a Cancer Free World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Imran
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Yasara Qamar
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Naeem
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Riaz
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Amin
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naila Kanwal
- Dept. of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Dept. of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | | | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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211
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Coumestrol Epigenetically Suppresses Cancer Cell Proliferation: Coumestrol Is a Natural Haspin Kinase Inhibitor. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102228. [PMID: 29064398 PMCID: PMC5666907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting epigenetic changes in gene expression in cancer cells may offer new strategies for the development of selective cancer therapies. In the present study, we investigated coumestrol, a natural compound exhibiting broad anti-cancer effects against skin melanoma, lung cancer and colon cancer cell growth. Haspin kinase was identified as a direct target protein of coumestrol using kinase profiling analysis. Histone H3 is a direct substrate of haspin kinase. We observed haspin kinase overexpression as well as greater phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 3 (Thr-3) in the cancer cells compared to normal cells. Computer modeling using the Schrödinger Suite program identified the binding interface within the ATP binding site. These findings suggest that the anti-cancer effect of coumestrol is due to the direct targeting of haspin kinase. Coumestrol has considerable potential for further development as a novel anti-cancer agent.
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212
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Salafzoon S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Halabian R. Evaluation of the antioxidant impact of ginger-based kombucha on the murine breast cancer model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.2018.15.issue-1/jcim-2017-0071/jcim-2017-0071.xml. [PMID: 29055172 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormal metabolism is a common event in cancerous cells. For example, the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly due to aerobic respiration during invasive stage, results in cancer progression. Herein, the impact of kombucha tea prepared from ginger on the alteration of antioxidant agents was assessed in the breast cancer animal model. Methods Two types of kombucha tea with or without ginger were administered to BALB/c mice before and after tumor challenge. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in tumor, liver and kidney. Results Administration of kombucha ginger tea significantly decreased catalase activity as well as GSH and MDA level in tumor homogenate (p<0.001). A significant decrease in SOD activity and increase in MDA quantity was determined in the kidney which had received kombucha ginger tea (p<0.01). Conclusions The consumption of kombucha prepared from ginger could exert minor antioxidant impacts by balancing multi antioxidant factors in different tissues in the breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Salafzoon
- Pharmaceutical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Raheleh Halabian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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213
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Cheung CHY, Hsu CL, Chen KP, Chong ST, Wu CH, Huang HC, Juan HF. MCM2-regulated functional networks in lung cancer by multi-dimensional proteomic approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13302. [PMID: 29038488 PMCID: PMC5643318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication control is vital for maintaining genome stability and the cell cycle, perhaps most notably during cell division. Malignancies often exhibit defective minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2), a cancer proliferation biomarker that serves as a licensing factor in the initiation of DNA replication. MCM2 is also known to be one of the ATPase active sites that facilitates conformational changes and drives DNA unwinding at the origin of DNA replication. However, the biological networks of MCM2 in lung cancer cells via protein phosphorylation remain unmapped. The RNA-seq datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that MCM2 overexpression is correlated with poor survival rate in lung cancer patients. To uncover MCM2-regulated functional networks in lung cancer, we performed multi-dimensional proteomic approach by integrating analysis of the phosphoproteome and proteome, and identified a total of 2361 phosphorylation sites on 753 phosphoproteins, and 4672 proteins. We found that the deregulation of MCM2 is involved in lung cancer cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and migration. Furthermore, HMGA1S99 phosphorylation was found to be differentially expressed under MCM2 perturbation in opposite directions, and plays an important role in regulating lung cancer cell proliferation. This study therefore enhances our capacity to therapeutically target cancer-specific phosphoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Hoi Yin Cheung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Pu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Ting Chong
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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214
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Di Fazio P, Maass M, Roth S, Meyer C, Grups J, Rexin P, Bartsch DK, Kirschbaum A. Expression of hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, and hsa-miR-222-3p and their putative targets HMGA2 and CDKN1B in typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317728417. [PMID: 29017393 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317728417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical and atypical carcinoid tumors belong to the neuroendocrine lung tumors. They have low recurrence and proliferation rate, lymph node, and distant metastases. Nevertheless, these tumors have shown a more aggressive behavior. In the last years, microRNAs were screened as new tumor markers for their potential diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The expression of hsa-let-7b-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, and their targets HMGA2 (high-mobility group A2) and CDKN1B (cyclin-dependent kynase inhibitor 1B, p27kip1) was evaluated in this rare small group of patients. We analyzed the clinical data of all typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of patients who underwent surgical operation at Marburg University Hospital (n = 18) from 2000. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue versus four tumor-free lung tissue samples. HMGA2 was stable or downregulated; only one patient showed a significant overexpression. CDKN1B showed a significant overexpression or a stable level; it was downregulated in two samples only. Hsa-miR-222-3p resulted almost stable or overexpressed except for two samples (significantly downregulated). Hsa-let-7f-5p was stable or overexpressed in the majority of analyzed samples, whereas hsa-let-7b-5p was significantly downregulated. HMGA2 and CDKN1B are differently expressed between atypical and typical carcinoid tumors, thus representing valid biomarkers for the classification of the two tumor groups. Hsa-let-7f-5p and HMGA2 are inversely correlated. Hsa-miR-222-3p does not correlate with its predicted target CDKN1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Fazio
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Maass
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Roth
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Joana Grups
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rexin
- 2 Institute for Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschbaum
- 1 Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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215
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Garritano CRO, Nubila FD, Couto RM, Fiorelli RKA, Aun LB. Use of transfer factor in immunosuppressed surgical patients. Rev Col Bras Cir 2017; 44:452-456. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912017005005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective : to evaluate the action of Transfer Factor on the immune response of patients with malignant neoplasm submitted to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Method: we analyzed the variations of leukocytes, total lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes and CD4 counts in 60 patients submitted to immunostimulation with a single, daily dose of 0.5mg sublingual Transfer Factor, started simultaneously with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Results: there were statistically significant increases in the counts of all cell lines studied, more pronounced after 12 months of use of the medication. Conclusion: the Transfer Factor restored immune response and showed no side effects.
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216
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Thai NQ, Nguyen NQ, Nguyen C, Nguyen TQ, Ho K, Nguyen TT, Li MS. Screening potential inhibitors for cancer target LSD1 from natural products by steered molecular dynamics. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1380802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Thai
- Life Science Lab, Institute of Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Physics, Dong Thap University, Cao Lanh City, Vietnam
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Technology -VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngan Quy Nguyen
- Life Science Lab, Institute of Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chuong Nguyen
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truong Quy Nguyen
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Science - VNU HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kiet Ho
- Theoretical Physics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trung Tin Nguyen
- Life Science Lab, Institute of Computational Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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217
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P. Katare D, Malik S, J. Mani R, Ranjpour M, Jain SK. Novel mutations in transthyretin gene associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:70-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha P. Katare
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab; Centre for Medical Biotechnology; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shabnam Malik
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
| | - Ruchi J. Mani
- Proteomics and Translational Research Lab; Centre for Medical Biotechnology; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Maryam Ranjpour
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
| | - Swatantra K. Jain
- Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences; Department of Biotechnology; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research; Hamdard University; New Delhi India
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218
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Koirala P, Jung HA, Choi JS. Recent advances in pharmacological research on Ecklonia species: a review. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:981-1005. [PMID: 28840539 PMCID: PMC7090987 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Ecklonia (Lessoniaceae, Phaeophyceae), commonly called kelp (brown algae), is abundant on the coasts of Japan and Korea. During the past few decades, Ecklonia species have received tremendous attention for their wide range of therapeutic properties and multiple health benefits, such as great nutritional value and being rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, proteins, and polysaccharides. Several novel functional ingredients with diversified biological activities have been isolated and possess antimicrobial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant therapeutic properties. The present review discusses the phytochemical, pharmacological, therapeutic, nutritional, and health benefits of different species of genus Ecklonia, as well as their use in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashamsa Koirala
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
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219
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Carvalho TID, Novais PC, Lizarte FS, Sicchieri RD, Rosa MST, Carvalho CAMD, Tirapelli DPDC, Peria FM, Rocha JJRD, Féres O. Analysis of gene expression EGFR and KRAS, microRNA-21 and microRNA-203 in patients with colon and rectal cancer and correlation with clinical outcome and prognostic factors. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:243-250. [PMID: 28403349 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170030000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the expression of EGFR, KRAS genes, microRNAs-21 and 203 in colon and rectal cancer samples, correlated with their age at diagnosis, histological subtype, value of pretreatment CEA, TNM staging and clinical outcome. Methods: Expression of genes and microRNAs by real time PCR in tumor and non-tumor samples obtained from surgical treatment of 50 patients. Results: An increased expression of microRNAs-21 and 203 in tumor samples in relation to non-tumor samples was found. There was no statistically significant difference between the expression of these genes and microRNAs when compared to age at diagnosis and histological subtype. The EGFR gene showed higher expression in relation to the value of CEA diagnosis. The expression of microRNA-203 was progressively lower in relation to the TNM staging and was higher in the patient group in clinical remission. Conclusions: The therapy of colon and rectum tumors based on microRNAs remains under investigation reserving huge potential for future applications and clinical interventions in conjunction with existing therapies. We expect, based on the exposed data, to stimulate the development of new therapeutic possibilities, making the treatment of these tumors more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Inácio de Carvalho
- PhD, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Paulo Cezar Novais
- PhD, Department of Health Sciences, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Pos-doctoral Fellow, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Fermino Sanches Lizarte
- Pos-doctoral Fellow, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Renata Danielle Sicchieri
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Manuscript writing
| | - Marcella Suelma Torrecillas Rosa
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Manuscript writing
| | - Camila Albuquerque Mello de Carvalho
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Manuscript writing
| | - Daniela Pretti da Cunha Tirapelli
- PhD, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Postgraduate Program in Clinical Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study
| | - Fernanda Maris Peria
- PhD, Department of Medical Clinical, Oncology Program, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study
| | - José Joaquim Ribeiro da Rocha
- Associate Professor, Coloproctology Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study
| | - Omar Féres
- Associate Professor, Coloproctology Division, Department of Surgery and Anatomy, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, USP, Brazil. Concept, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; supervision of all phases of the study, critical revision
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220
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The Expression and Related Clinical Significance of SIRT3 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:8241953. [PMID: 28947845 PMCID: PMC5602652 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8241953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between the Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) expression and the clinical indicators/prognosis of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The mRNA level of SIRT3 was detected by real-time PCR, while the protein level was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical staining. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The expression of SIRT3 was significantly higher in NSCLC tissue than in adjacent tissue. The SIRT3 level was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis and clinical stage of NSCLC patients. Moreover, univariate analysis showed that the expression of SIRT3, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, degree of differentiation, and clinical stage were correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lymph node metastasis, the tumor size, and SIRT3 expression were independent prognostic factors for NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS SIRT3 is associated with the development and progression of NSCLC. The SIRT3 expression can be used as an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients and help identify prognosis of NSCLC. Therefore, SIRT3 has the potential to become a new factor for prognosis prediction and personalized treatment of NSCLC.
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221
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You W, Henneberg M. Cancer incidence increasing globally: The role of relaxed natural selection. Evol Appl 2017; 11:140-152. [PMID: 29387151 PMCID: PMC5775494 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer incidence increase has multiple aetiologies. Mutant alleles accumulation in populations may be one of them due to strong heritability of many cancers. The opportunity for the operation of natural selection has decreased in the past ~150 years because of reduction in mortality and fertility. Mutation‐selection balance may have been disturbed in this process and genes providing background for some cancers may have been accumulating in human gene pools. Worldwide, based on the WHO statistics for 173 countries the index of the opportunity for selection is strongly inversely correlated with cancer incidence in peoples aged 0–49 years and in people of all ages. This relationship remains significant when gross domestic product per capita (GDP), life expectancy of older people (e50), obesity, physical inactivity, smoking and urbanization are kept statistically constant for fifteen (15) of twenty‐seven (27) individual cancers incidence rates. Twelve (12) cancers which are not correlated with relaxed natural selection after considering the six potential confounders are largely attributable to external causes like viruses and toxins. Ratios of the average cancer incidence rates of the 10 countries with lowest opportunities for selection to the average cancer incidence rates of the 10 countries with highest opportunities for selection are 2.3 (all cancers at all ages), 2.4 (all cancers in 0–49 years age group), 5.7 (average ratios of strongly genetically based cancers) and 2.1 (average ratios of cancers with less genetic background).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit Adelaide Medical School The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia.,Institute of Evolutionary Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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222
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Chung YH, Li SC, Kao YH, Luo HL, Cheng YT, Lin PR, Tai MH, Chiang PH. MiR-30a-5p Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Upregulates Expression of Tight Junction Protein Claudin-5 in Human Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081826. [PMID: 28829370 PMCID: PMC5578210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer development and their potential as prognostic biomarkers are becoming increasingly known. However, the signature of miRNAs and their regulatory roles in tumorigenesis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to profile the miRNA expression pattern in UTUC tumor tissues and identify candidate miRNAs with prognostic and/or therapeutic functions. Methods and Results: We collected 22 UTUC tissue and adjacent normal tissues samples from patients who underwent nephroureterectomy. The miRNAs signatures of three selected UTUC samples using next-generation sequencing showed that miR-30a-5p was significantly downregulated in UTUC tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues. The differentially-expressed miRNAs were specifically validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the miRNA expression signatures were analyzed with the transcriptome profile characterized by microarray. Further in vitro studies indicated that overexpression of miR-30a-5p significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured BFTC-909 UTUC cells. As a potential target gene of miR-30a-5p in the tight junction pathway suggested by the pathway enrichment analysis, the reduced expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 in UTUC cells was demonstrated to be upregulated by miR-30a-5p genetic delivery. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings demonstrated that miR-30a-5p inhibits proliferation, metastasis, and EMT, and upregulates the expression of tight junction claudin-5 in UTUC cells. Thus, miR-30a-5p may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for UTUC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hua Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Tso Cheng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Pey-Ru Lin
- Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hui Chiang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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223
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Tyagi A, Semwal M, Sharma A. A database of breast oncogenic specific siRNAs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8706. [PMID: 28821760 PMCID: PMC5562753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious problem causing the death of women across the world. At present, one of the major challenges is to design drugs to target breast cancer specific gene(s). RNA interference (RNAi) is an important technique for targeted gene silencing that may lead to promising novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer. Therefore, identification of such molecules having high oncogene specificity is the need of the hour. Here, we have developed a database named as Breast Oncogenic Specific siRNAs (BOSS, http://bioinformatics.cimap.res.in/sharma/boss/) on the basis of the current research status on siRNA-mediated repression of oncogenes in different breast cancer cell lines. BOSS is a resource of experimentally validated breast oncogenic siRNAs, collected from research articles and patents published yet. The present database contains information on 865 breast oncogenic siRNA entries. Each entry provides comprehensive information of an siRNA that includes its name, sequence, target gene, type of cells, and inhibition value, etc. Additionally, some useful tools like siRNAMAP and BOSS BLAST were also developed and linked with the database. siRNAMAP can be used for the selection of best siRNA against a target gene while BOSS BLAST tool helps to locate the siRNA sequences in deferent oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Tyagi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.-CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manoj Semwal
- ICT Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.-CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.-CIMAP, Near Kukrail Picnic Spot, Lucknow, 226 015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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224
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Pekow J, Hutchison AL, Meckel K, Harrington K, Deng Z, Talasila N, Rubin DT, Hanauer SB, Hurst R, Umanskiy K, Fichera A, Hart J, Dinner AR, Bissonnette M. miR-4728-3p Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in Ulcerative Colitis-associated Colorectal Neoplasia Through Regulation of Focal Adhesion Signaling. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:1328-1337. [PMID: 28594651 PMCID: PMC5535754 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As mechanisms of neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) remain poorly understood, we sought to identify pathways of carcinogenesis in this high-risk population. METHODS MicroRNA (miRNA) and mRNA expression was examined in nondysplastic rectosigmoid mucosa from UC patients with (n = 19) or without remote colon neoplasia (n = 23). We developed a method to identify miRNA-regulated pathways based on differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative mRNAs targets in the same samples. One key pathway identified in the analysis, miR-4728-3p regulation of focal adhesion signaling was further evaluated in vitro and through examination of expression in UC-cancers. RESULTS There were 101 significantly up-regulated and 98 down-regulated miRNAs (adjusted P < 0.05) in the rectal mucosa of UC patients harboring proximal neoplasia. Bioinformatic analysis identified miR-4728-3p as a regulator of 3 proteins involved in focal adhesion signaling, CAV1, THBS2, and COL1A2. Real-time PCR validated down-regulation of miR-4728-3p in nondysplastic tissue remote from UC-neoplasia and in UC-associated colon cancers. miR-4728-3p transfection into colon cancer cells down-regulated expression levels and decreased luciferase activities in cells expressing a wild type 3' untranslated region compared with a mutant 3' untranslated region for all 3 genes. Exogenous transfected miR-4728-3p also delayed wound healing and decreased formation of focal adhesion complexes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with long-standing UC who harbor neoplasia can be identified based on miRNA and mRNA profiles in nondysplastic tissue. Using a method to analyze miRNA and mRNA expression from the same tissues, we identified that miR-4728-3p is likely an important tumor suppressor in UC-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Pekow
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Katherine Meckel
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kymberly Harrington
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zifeng Deng
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nitya Talasila
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David T. Rubin
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Roger Hurst
- University of Chicago, Department of Surgery
| | | | | | - John Hart
- University of Chicago Department of Pathology
| | - Aaron R. Dinner
- University of Chicago, Department of Chemistry, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- University of Chicago, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Chicago, IL, USA
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225
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Wang JL, Qi Z, Li YH, Zhao HM, Chen YG, Fu W. TGFβ induced factor homeobox 1 promotes colorectal cancer development through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70214-70225. [PMID: 29050273 PMCID: PMC5642548 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, but the mechanisms underlying its initiation and progression are largely unknown. TGIF1 (TGFB induced factor homeobox 1) is a transcriptional corepressor that belongs to the three-amino acid loop extension (TALE) superclass of atypical homeodomains. It has been reported that TGIF1 is highly expressed in mammary cancer and non-small cell lung cancer and can enhance tumor progression. However, the role of TGIF1 in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Here, we report that TGIF1 is significantly upregulated in colorectal cancers, and its high expression predicts poor prognosis. Overexpression of TGIF1 markedly promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, TGIF1 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the homeodomain is indispensable for Wnt activation and β-catenin interaction. Taken together, our results suggest that TGIF1 is a novel colorectal tumor promoter and indicate that TGIF1 enhances colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through activating Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Lian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen Qi
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Hua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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226
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Chuerduangphui J, Pientong C, Patarapadungkit N, Chotiyano A, Vatanasapt P, Kongyingyoes B, Promthet S, Swangphon P, Bumrungthai S, Pimson C, Ekalaksananan T. Amplification of EGFR and cyclin D1 genes associated with human papillomavirus infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2017; 34:148. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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227
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Zhou Z, Zou Y, Liu G, Zhou J, Wu J, Zhao S, Su Z, Gu X. Mutation-profile-based methods for understanding selection forces in cancer somatic mutations: a comparative analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58835-58846. [PMID: 28938601 PMCID: PMC5601697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genes exhibit different effects on fitness in cancer and normal cells. Here, we present an evolutionary approach to measure the selection pressure on human genes, using the well-known ratio of the nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rate in both cancer genomes (CN /CS ) and normal populations (pN /pS ). A new mutation-profile-based method that adopts sample-specific mutation rate profiles instead of conventional substitution models was developed. We found that cancer-specific selection pressure is quite different from the selection pressure at the species and population levels. Both the relaxation of purifying selection on passenger mutations and the positive selection of driver mutations may contribute to the increased CN /CS values of human genes in cancer genomes compared with the pN /pS values in human populations. The CN /CS values also contribute to the improved classification of cancer genes and a better understanding of the onco-functionalization of cancer genes during oncogenesis. The use of our computational pipeline to identify cancer-specific positively and negatively selected genes may provide useful information for understanding the evolution of cancers and identifying possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangyun Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangbiao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingqi Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixi Su
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Gu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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228
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Li X, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Xiao T, Duan Z. Noncoding RNA in drug resistant sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69086-69104. [PMID: 28978183 PMCID: PMC5620323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of malignant tumors that arise from mesenchymal origin. Despite significant development of multidisciplinary treatments for sarcoma, survival rates have reached a plateau. Chemotherapy has been extensively used for sarcoma treatment; however, the development of drug resistance is a major obstacle limiting the success of many anticancer agents. Sarcoma biology has traditionally focused on genomic and epigenomic deregulation of protein-coding genes to identify the therapeutic potential for reversing drug resistance. New and more creative approaches have found the involvement of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in drug resistant sarcoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of noncoding RNAs characteristics and the regulated genes involved in drug resistant sarcoma, and focus on their therapeutic potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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229
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Wang Y, Hao DP, Li JJ, Wang L, Di LJ. Genome-wide methylome and chromatin interactome identify abnormal enhancer to be risk factor of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:44705-44719. [PMID: 28621677 PMCID: PMC5546512 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer is critical cis regulatory elements in gene expression. To understand whether and how the aberrant enhancer activation may contribute to cancer risk, the differentially methylated enhancers (eDMRs) in normal and malignant breast tissues were identified and analyzed. By incorporating genome-wide chromatin interaction, integrated analysis of eDMRs and target gene expression identified 1,272 enhancer-promoter pairs. Surprisingly, two functionally distinct groups of genes were identified in these pairs, one showing better correlation to enhancer methylation (eRGs) and the other showing better correlation to promoter methylation (pRGs), and the former group is functionally enriched with cancer related genes. Moreover, enhancer methylation based clustering of breast cancer samples is capable of discriminating basal breast cancer from other subtypes. By correlating enhancer methylation status to patient survival, 345 enhancers show the impact on the disease outcome and the majority of their target genes are important regulators of cell survival pathways including known cancer related genes. Together, these results suggest reactivation of enhancers in cancer cells has the add-on effect and contributes to cancer risk in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Da-Peng Hao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Li Wang
- Metabolomics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Li-Jun Di
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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230
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Louka ML, Said H, El Sayed S, El-Shinawi M. Galectin 1 overexpression in breast cancer tissues: Relation to serum matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activity. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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231
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Lee G, Bang L, Kim SY, Kim D, Sohn KA. Identifying subtype-specific associations between gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in breast cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:28. [PMID: 28589855 PMCID: PMC5461552 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a complex disease in which different genomic patterns exists depending on different subtypes. Recent researches present that multiple subtypes of breast cancer occur at different rates, and play a crucial role in planning treatment. To better understand underlying biological mechanisms on breast cancer subtypes, investigating the specific gene regulatory system via different subtypes is desirable. METHODS Gene expression, as an intermediate phenotype, is estimated based on methylation profiles to identify the impact of epigenomic features on transcriptomic changes in breast cancer. We propose a kernel weighted l1-regularized regression model to incorporate tumor subtype information and further reveal gene regulations affected by different breast cancer subtypes. For the proper control of subtype-specific estimation, samples from different breast cancer subtype are learned at different rate based on target estimates. Kolmogorov Smirnov test is conducted to determine learning rate of each sample from different subtype. RESULTS It is observed that genes that might be sensitive to breast cancer subtype show prediction improvement when estimated using our proposed method. Comparing to a standard method, overall performance is also enhanced by incorporating tumor subtypes. In addition, we identified subtype-specific network structures based on the associations between gene expression and DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, kernel weighted lasso model is proposed for identifying subtype-specific associations between gene expressions and DNA methylation profiles. Identification of subtype-specific gene expression associated with epigenomic changes might be helpful for better planning treatment and developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Lee
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Lisa Bang
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical & Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. .,The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Kyung-Ah Sohn
- Department of Software and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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232
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A Highly Predictive Model for Diagnosis of Colorectal Neoplasms Using Plasma MicroRNA: Improving Specificity and Sensitivity. Ann Surg 2017; 264:575-84. [PMID: 27471839 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a plasma-based microRNA (miRNA) diagnostic assay specific for colorectal neoplasms, building upon our prior work. BACKGROUND Colorectal neoplasms [colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal advanced adenoma (CAA)] frequently develop in individuals at ages when other common cancers also occur. Current screening methods lack sensitivity, specificity, and have poor patient compliance. METHODS Plasma was screened for 380 miRNAs using microfluidic array technology from a "Training" cohort of 60 patients, (10 each) control, CRC, CAA, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and lung cancer. We identified uniquely dysregulated miRNAs specific for colorectal neoplasia (P < 0.05, false discovery rate: 5%, adjusted α = 0.0038). These miRNAs were evaluated using single assays in a "Test" cohort of 120 patients. A mathematical model was developed to predict blinded sample identity in a 150 patient "Validation" cohort using repeat-sub-sampling validation of the testing dataset with 1000 iterations each to assess model detection accuracy. RESULTS Seven miRNAs (miR-21, miR-29c, miR-122, miR-192, miR-346, miR-372, and miR-374a) were selected based upon P value, area under the curve (AUC), fold change, and biological plausibility. Area under the curve (±95% confidence interval) for "Test" cohort comparisons were 0.91 (0.85-0.96) between all neoplasia and controls, 0.79 (0.70-0.88) between colorectal neoplasia and other cancers, and 0.98 (0.96-1.0) between CRC and colorectal adenomas. In our "Validation" cohort, our mathematical model predicted blinded sample identity with 69% to 77% accuracy, 67% to 76% accuracy, and 86% to 90% accuracy for each comparison, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our plasma miRNA assay and prediction model differentiate colorectal neoplasia from patients with other neoplasms and from controls with higher sensitivity and specificity compared with current clinical standards.
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233
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Safaie Qamsari E, Safaei Ghaderi S, Zarei B, Dorostkar R, Bagheri S, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Somi MH, Yousefi M. The c-Met receptor: Implication for targeted therapies in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317699118. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317699118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met (mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor) is a tyrosine kinase receptor activated by hepatocyte growth factor and regulates multiple biological processes, such as cell scattering, survival, and proliferation. Aberrant c-Met signaling has been implicated in a variety of cancer types, including colorectal cancer. c-Met is genetically altered through various mechanisms that is associated with colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Especially, in colorectal cancer, preclinical evidence for the aberrant activation of the c-Met signaling exists. Accordingly, molecular targeting of c-Met receptor could be a promising strategy, in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Recently, it was also shown that crosstalk between c-Met and other cell surface receptors attributes to tumorigenesis and development of therapeutic resistance. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms through which c-Met crosstalks with other receptors in favor of tumor formation and progression remains to explore. This review will describe the mechanisms of aberrant c-Met signaling in colorectal cancer and discuss on additional roles for c-Met receptor through crosstalk with other tyrosine kinase receptors and cell surface proteins in colorectal cancer. Novel therapeutic approaches for c-Met pathway targeting will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Safaie Qamsari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Safaei Ghaderi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science & Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Hybridoma Laboratory, Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Zarei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Bagheri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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234
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Targeting the ATR-CHK1 Axis in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9050041. [PMID: 28448462 PMCID: PMC5447951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9050041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is a new therapeutic approach in cancer that shows great promise for tumour selectivity. Key components of the DDR are the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) kinases. This review article describes the role of ATR and its major downstream target, CHK1, in the DDR and why cancer cells are particularly reliant on the ATR-CHK1 pathway, providing the rationale for targeting these kinases, and validation of this hypothesis by genetic manipulation. The recent development of specific inhibitors and preclinical data using these inhibitors not only as chemosensitisers and radiosensitisers but also as single agents to exploit specific pathologies of tumour cells is described. These potent and specific inhibitors have now entered clinical trial and early results are presented.
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235
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Zaytseva O, Quinn LM. Controlling the Master: Chromatin Dynamics at the MYC Promoter Integrate Developmental Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040118. [PMID: 28398229 PMCID: PMC5406865 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor and cell growth regulator MYC is potently oncogenic and estimated to contribute to most cancers. Decades of attempts to therapeutically target MYC directly have not resulted in feasible clinical applications, and efforts have moved toward indirectly targeting MYC expression, function and/or activity to treat MYC-driven cancer. A multitude of developmental and growth signaling pathways converge on the MYC promoter to modulate transcription through their downstream effectors. Critically, even small increases in MYC abundance (<2 fold) are sufficient to drive overproliferation; however, the details of how oncogenic/growth signaling networks regulate MYC at the level of transcription remain nebulous even during normal development. It is therefore essential to first decipher mechanisms of growth signal-stimulated MYC transcription using in vivo models, with intact signaling environments, to determine exactly how these networks are dysregulated in human cancer. This in turn will provide new modalities and approaches to treat MYC-driven malignancy. Drosophila genetic studies have shed much light on how complex networks signal to transcription factors and enhancers to orchestrate Drosophila MYC (dMYC) transcription, and thus growth and patterning of complex multicellular tissue and organs. This review will discuss the many pathways implicated in patterning MYC transcription during development and the molecular events at the MYC promoter that link signaling to expression. Attention will also be drawn to parallels between mammalian and fly regulation of MYC at the level of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zaytseva
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Leonie M Quinn
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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236
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Lowdon RF, Wang T. Epigenomic annotation of noncoding mutations identifies mutated pathways in primary liver cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174032. [PMID: 28333948 PMCID: PMC5363827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence that noncoding mutation can result in cancer driver events is mounting. However, it is more difficult to assign molecular biological consequences to noncoding mutations than to coding mutations, and a typical cancer genome contains many more noncoding mutations than protein-coding mutations. Accordingly, parsing functional noncoding mutation signal from noise remains an important challenge. Here we use an empirical approach to identify putatively functional noncoding somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) from liver cancer genomes. Annotation of candidate variants by publicly available epigenome datasets finds that 40.5% of SNVs fall in regulatory elements. When assigned to specific regulatory elements, we find that the distribution of regulatory element mutation mirrors that of nonsynonymous coding mutation, where few regulatory elements are recurrently mutated in a patient population but many are singly mutated. We find potential gain-of-binding site events among candidate SNVs, suggesting a mechanism of action for these variants. When aggregating noncoding somatic mutation in promoters, we find that genes in the ERBB signaling and MAPK signaling pathways are significantly enriched for promoter mutations. Altogether, our results suggest that functional somatic SNVs in cancer are sporadic, but occasionally occur in regulatory elements and may affect phenotype by creating binding sites for transcriptional regulators. Accordingly, we propose that noncoding mutation should be formally accounted for when determining gene- and pathway-mutation burden in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F. Lowdon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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237
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Hypothesis: ROBOPHERA, a phosphatase and tensin homolog-targeted antineoplastic therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:369-375. [PMID: 28301379 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a protein that regulates cellular response to growth/antigrowth signals, cell survival, apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular migration. Impairments in these processes are the main hallmarks of cancer, and reduced expression, activity, or stability of PTEN are among the most common etiologies of diverse types of sporadic cancers. Rosiglitazone (RO), bortezomib (BO), phosphatidylserine (PH), ethanol (E), and radiotherapy (RA) (ROBOPHERA) stimulate the expression and increase the activity of PTEN. Here, it is hypothesized that the synergistic effects of these medications on cancerous cells may stimulate differentiation of cancer stem cells toward non-stem-cancer cells, hinder progression and metastasis of the cancer, sensitize cancerous cells to antineoplastic therapies, and increase the efficacy and the rate of success of current treatments.
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238
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Fang J, Cai C, Wang Q, Lin P, Zhao Z, Cheng F. Systems Pharmacology-Based Discovery of Natural Products for Precision Oncology Through Targeting Cancer Mutated Genes. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:177-187. [PMID: 28294568 PMCID: PMC5356618 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Massive cancer genomics data have facilitated the rapid revolution of a novel oncology drug discovery paradigm through targeting clinically relevant driver genes or mutations for the development of precision oncology. Natural products with polypharmacological profiles have been demonstrated as promising agents for the development of novel cancer therapies. In this study, we developed an integrated systems pharmacology framework that facilitated identifying potential natural products that target mutated genes across 15 cancer types or subtypes in the realm of precision medicine. High performance was achieved for our systems pharmacology framework. In case studies, we computationally identified novel anticancer indications for several US Food and Drug Administration-approved or clinically investigational natural products (e.g., resveratrol, quercetin, genistein, and fisetin) through targeting significantly mutated genes in multiple cancer types. In summary, this study provides a powerful tool for the development of molecularly targeted cancer therapies through targeting the clinically actionable alterations by exploiting the systems pharmacology of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - C Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Q Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - P Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Z Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - F Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Complex Networks Research, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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239
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Blood-based microRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:762-774. [PMID: 28152545 PMCID: PMC5355921 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is common and associated with significant mortality. Current screening methods for CRC lack patient compliance. microRNAs (miRNAs), identified in body fluids, are negative regulators of gene expression and are dysregulated in many cancers, including CRC. This paper summarises studies identifying blood-based miRNAs dysregulated in CRC compared with healthy controls in an attempt to evaluate their use as a screening tool for the diagnosis of CRC. Methods: A search of electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) and grey literature was performed between January 2002 and April 2016. Studies reporting plasma or serum miRNAs in the diagnosis of CRC compared with healthy controls were selected. Patient demographics, type of patient sample (serum or plasma), method of miRNA detection, type of normalisation, and the number of significantly dysregulated miRNAs identified were recorded. Statistical evaluation of dysregulated miRNAs using sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) was performed. Results: Thirty-four studies investigating plasma or serum miRNAs in the diagnosis of CRC were included. A total of 31 miRNAs were found to be either upregulated (n=17) or downregulated (n=14) in CRC cases as compared with controls. Fourteen studies identified panels of ⩾2 dysregulated miRNAs. The highest AUC, 0.943, was identified using a panel of 4 miRNAs with 83.3% sensitivity and 93.1% specificity. Meta-analysis of studies identifying a single dysregulated miRNA in CRC cases compared with controls was performed. Overall sensitivity and specificity of 28 individual miRNAs in the diagnosis of CRC were 76% (95% CI 72%–80%) and 76% (95% CI 72%–80%), respectively, indicating good discriminative ability of miRNAs as biomarkers for CRC. These data did not change with sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Blood-based miRNAs distinguish patients with CRC from healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity comparable to other common and invasive currently used screening methods for CRC. In future, miRNAs may be used as a relatively non-invasive blood-based marker for detection of CRC.
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240
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Ribeiro KB, da Silva Zanetti J, Ribeiro-Silva A, Rapatoni L, de Oliveira HF, da Cunha Tirapelli DP, Garcia SB, Feres O, da Rocha JJR, Peria FM. KRAS mutation associated with CD44/CD166 immunoexpression as predictors of worse outcome in metastatic colon cancer. Cancer Biomark 2017; 16:513-21. [PMID: 27062566 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple stages of carcinogenesis in colon cancer encompass subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSC), responsible for tumor cell transformation, growth and proliferation. CD44 and CD166 proteins are CSC markers associated with cell signaling, adhesion, migration, metastasis and lymphocytic response. The expression of CSC may be modulated by some factors, such as the KRAS gene mutation. OBJECTIVE Correlate the expression of CD44 and CD166 markers in metastatic colon adenocarcinoma and KRAS mutation status (wild-type/mutated) with clinical pathological features and patients' outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-eight samples of tumor tissue samples of metastatic colon adenocarcinoma were collected from patients treated with CapeOx at the HCFMRP-USP Clinical Oncology Service. Clinical and survival data were collected from medical records. KRAS status was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, and analysis of immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD166 proteins was performed by tissue microarray. RESULTS The expression of CD44 and CD166 were positive in 41% and 43% of patients, respectively, and mutated KRAS was detected in 48% of patients. A significant association was found between CD166 and CD44 expression (p= 0.016), mainly in the wild-type KRAS group (p= 0.042) and patients over 65 years (p= 0.001). CD44-positive patients had 3.7-fold and 5.3-fold greater risk of liver metastasis and lung metastasis, respectively (p< 0.01), compared with CD44-negative patients. CD166-negative patients had 2.7 greater risk of lymph node involvement (0.03), compared with CD166-positive patients. KRAS mutation increased the risk of liver metastasis by 8 times (p< 0.01), and the risk of lung metastasis by 5 times (p= 0.04) in CD44-positive patients. KRAS mutation increased the risk of lymph node involvement by 8 times in CD166-negative patients (p= 0.0007). CONCLUSION An association between CD44 and CD166 expression was demonstrated in this study. Analysis of KRAS mutation combined with immunohistochemical expression of CD44 and CD166 identified subgroups of patients with colon adenocarcinoma at higher risk of lymph node involvement by the tumor and development of liver and lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bento Ribeiro
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Zanetti
- Pathology and Legal Medicine Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-Silva
- Pathology and Legal Medicine Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liane Rapatoni
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Britto Garcia
- Surgery and Anatomy Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Feres
- Surgery and Anatomy Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Maris Peria
- Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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241
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D'Asti E, Rak J. Biological basis of personalized anticoagulation in cancer: oncogene and oncomir networks as putative regulators of coagulopathy. Thromb Res 2017; 140 Suppl 1:S37-43. [PMID: 27067976 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(16)30096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Activation of stromal response pathways in cancer is increasingly viewed as both a local and systemic extension of molecular alterations driving malignant transformation. Rather than reflecting passive and unspecific responses to anatomical abnormalities, the coagulation system is a target of oncogenic deregulation, impacting the role of clotting and fibrinolytic proteins, and integrating hemostasis, inflammation, angiogenesis and cellular growth effects in cancer. These processes signify, but do not depend on, the clinically manifest coagulopathy and thrombosis. In this regard, the role of driver mutations affecting oncoprotein coding genes such as RAS, EGFR or MET and tumour suppressors (PTEN, TP53) are well described as regulators of tissue factor (TF), protease activated receptors (PAR-1/2) and ectopic coagulation factors (FVII). Indeed, in both adult and pediatric brain tumours the expression patterns of coagulation and angiogenesis regulators (coagulome and angiome, respectively) reflect the molecular subtypes of the underlying diseases (glioblastoma or medulloblastoma) as defined by their oncogenic classifiers and clinical course. This emerging understanding is still poorly established in relation to the transforming effects of non-coding genes, including those responsible for the expression of microRNA (miR). Indeed, several miRs have been recently found to regulate TF and other effectors. We recently documented that in the context of the aggressive embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) the oncogenic driver miR (miR-520g) suppresses the expression of TF and correlates with hypocoagulant tumour characteristics. Unlike in adult cancers, the growth of pediatric embryonal brain tumour cells as spheres (to maintain stem cell properties) results in upregulation of miR-520g and downregulation of TF expression and activity. We postulate that oncogenic protein and miR coding genes form alternative pathways of coagulation system regulation in different tumour settings, a property necessitating more personalised and biologically-based approaches to anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esterina D'Asti
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, RI MUHC, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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242
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Vu T, Davidson SL, Borgesi J, Maksudul M, Jeon TJ, Shim J. Piecing together the puzzle: nanopore technology in detection and quantification of cancer biomarkers. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review paper is a comprehensive outline of nanopore technology applications in the detection and study of various cancer causal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering
- Rowan University
- Glassboro
- USA
| | - Shanna-Leigh Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering
- Rowan University
- Glassboro
- USA
| | - Julia Borgesi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering
- Rowan University
- Glassboro
- USA
| | - Mowla Maksudul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering
- Rowan University
- Glassboro
- USA
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering
- Inha University
- Incheon 22212
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwook Shim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering
- Rowan University
- Glassboro
- USA
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243
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Perspectives of Reprogramming Breast Cancer Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:217-232. [PMID: 29282686 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is one of the hallmarks of breast cancer. Breast cancer cells remodel metabolic network to maintain their transformed state and survive in a harsh tumor microenvironment. Dysregulated metabolism further interacts with cellular signaling and epigenetics to promote breast cancer development. Meanwhile, breast cancer stem cells exhibit unique metabolic features, which are critical for therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Besides, aberrant metabolism of breast cancer cells reshapes tumor microenvironment, such as promoting cancer vascularization and sabotaging tumor immunity, to accelerate tumor progression. These special metabolic traits not only open vulnerabilities of breast cancer by targeting essential metabolic pathways but also provide promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to facilitate clinical investigations. Studies in the last few decades have significantly advanced our understanding of mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of breast cancer metabolism and metabolic regulation of breast cancer biology. Targeting tumor metabolism serves as a potentially effective therapeutic approach to suppress breast cancer.
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244
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Fang Y, Zhang L, Li Z, Li Y, Huang C, Lu X. MicroRNAs in DNA Damage Response, Carcinogenesis, and Chemoresistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 333:1-49. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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245
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Dell'Aversana C, Giorgio C, Altucci L. MicroRNA Expression Profiling Using Agilent One-Color Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1509:169-183. [PMID: 27826927 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6524-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling is an important tool to identify miRNA regulation in physiological or pathological states. This technique has a large number of molecular diagnostic applications, including in cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, and forensics. To date, a multitude of high-throughput genomic approaches have been developed. Here, we focus on miRNA expression profiling by microarray using SurePrint technology, providing a description of both the workflow and methods for expression profiling by Agilent One-Color Microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Dell'Aversana
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via Antonio Vivaldi, 43, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Cristina Giorgio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via Antonio Vivaldi, 43, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via Antonio Vivaldi, 43, 80138, Naples, Italy
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246
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Alam AHMK, Hossain ASMS, Khan MA, Kabir SR, Reza MA, Rahman MM, Islam MS, Rahman MAA, Rashid M, Sadik MG. The Antioxidative Fraction of White Mulberry Induces Apoptosis through Regulation of p53 and NFκB in EAC Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167536. [PMID: 27936037 PMCID: PMC5147903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry (Morus alba) was found to have an apotogenic effect on Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cell-induced mice (EAC mice) that correlate with upregulated p53 and downregulated NFκB signaling. The antioxidant activities and polyphenolic contents of various mulberry fractions were evaluated by spectrophotometry and the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was selected for further analysis. Strikingly, the EAF caused 70.20% tumor growth inhibition with S-phase cell cycle arrest, normalized blood parameters including red/white blood cell counts and suppressed the tumor weight of EAC mice compared with untreated controls. Fluorescence microscopy analysis of EAF-treated EAC cells revealed DNA fragmentation, cell shrinkage, and plasma membrane blebbing. These characteristic morphological features of apoptosis influenced us to further investigate pro- and anti-apoptotic signals in EAF-treated EAC mice. Interestingly, apoptosis correlated with the upregulation of p53 and its target genes PARP-1 and Bax, and also with the down-regulation of NFκB and its target genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Our results suggest that the tumor- suppressive effect of the antioxidative fraction of white mulberry is likely due to apoptosis mediated by p53 and NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- AHM Khurshid Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Muhammad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Rashel Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Md Golam Sadik
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
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247
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Torralba Cabeza MÁ, Olivera González S. Correlation study between genotype and phenotype: Success or failure? Rev Clin Esp 2016; 217:21-22. [PMID: 27939440 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Á Torralba Cabeza
- Unidad de Enfermedades Minoritarias, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.
| | - S Olivera González
- Unidad de Enfermedades Minoritarias, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España
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248
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Ita K. Percutaneous penetration of anticancer agents: Past, present and future. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1428-1439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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249
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Bortolotto LFB, Barbosa FR, Silva G, Bitencourt TA, Beleboni RO, Baek SJ, Marins M, Fachin AL. Cytotoxicity of trans-chalcone and licochalcone A against breast cancer cells is due to apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:425-433. [PMID: 27903423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chalcones are precursors of flavonoids that exhibit structural heterogeneity and potential antitumor activity. The objective of this study was to characterize the cytotoxicity of trans-chalcone and licochalcone A (LicoA1) against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal murine fibroblasts (3T3). Also the mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of these two compounds were studied. The alkaline comet assay revealed dose-dependent genotoxicity, which was more responsive against the tumor cell line, compared to the 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. Flow cytometry showed that the two chalcones caused the cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Using PCR Array, we found that trans-chalcone and LicoA trigger apoptosis mediated by the intrinsic pathway as demonstrated by the inhibition of Bcl-2 and induction of Bax. In western blot assay, the two chalcones reduced the expression of cell death-related proteins such as Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 and promoted the cleavage of PARP. However, only trans-chalcone induced the expression of the CIDEA gene and protein in these two experiments. Furthermore, transient transfections of MCF-7 using a construction of a promoter-luciferase vector showed that trans-chalcone induced the expression of the CIDEA promoter activity in 24 and 48h. In conclusion, the results showed that trans-chalcone promoted high induction of the CIDEA promoter gene and protein, which is related to DNA fragmentation during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Silva
- Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirão Preto University, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, Ribeirão Preto University, SP, Brazil
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250
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Sefidabi R, Mortazavi P, Hosseini S. Antiproliferative effect of berberine on canine mammary gland cancer cell culture. Biomed Rep 2016; 6:95-98. [PMID: 28123715 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary gland tumors are the most frequent cause of cancer in female dogs. Numerous studies using cancer cell lines and clinical trials have indicated that various natural products and antioxidants reduce or possibly prevent the development of cancer. Berberine (BBR), the most important alkaloid in the Berberidaceae, which exerts a wide range of pharmacological and biochemical effects, has drawn much attention due to its particularly high antitumor activity in vitro and in animal studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect of BBR against a canine mammary gland carcinoma cell line (CF41.Mg) in vitro. CF41.Mg cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% heat inactived fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 100 mg/ml peniciline-streptomycin. Subsequently the cells were treated with different concentrations of BBR chloride (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µM) at a density of 12,000 cells/well in 96-well plates. Following treatment, the MTT assay was used to detect cell viability after 24-, 48- and 72-h incubations at 37°C with 5% CO2. The results indicated that BBR inhibited proliferation of canine mammary gland carcinoma cells, as treatment with 100 µM BBR for 24 h resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability (P<0.005). As the present study demonstrated that BBR (10-200 µM) induced cancer cell death, it is proposed that BBR may serve as a candidate agent against canine mammary tumor cells via its antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sefidabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
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