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Lukiw WJ, Alexandrov PN. Regulation of complement factor H (CFH) by multiple miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:11-9. [PMID: 22302353 PMCID: PMC3703615 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human brain cells rely on a specific subset of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) to shape their gene expression patterns, and this is mediated through microRNA effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) speciation and complexity. In recent studies (a) in short post-mortem interval Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissues versus age-matched controls, and (b) in pro-inflammatory cytokine- and Aβ42 peptide-stressed human neuronal-glial (HNG) cells in primary culture, we have identified several brain-abundant miRNA species found to be significantly up-regulated, including miR-125b and miR-146a. Both of these nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-activated, 22 nucleotide small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) target the mRNA of the key, innate-immune- and inflammation-related regulatory protein, complement factor-H (CFH; chr 1q32), resulting in significant decreases in CFH expression (p < 0.01, ANOVA). Our results further indicate that HNG cells respond to IL-1β + Aβ42-peptide-induced stress by significant NF-κB-modulated up-regulation of miRNA-125b- and miRNA-146a. The complex interactive signaling of NF-κB, miR-125b, miR-146a, and perhaps other miRNAs, further illustrate interplay between inducible transcription factors and multiple pro-inflammatory sncRNAs that regulate CFH expression. The novel concept of miRNA actions involving mRNA target convergence and divergence are proposed and discussed. The combinatorial use of NF-кB inhibitors with anti-miRNAs (AMs; antagomirs) may have potential against CFH-driven pathogenic signaling in neurodegenerative disease, and may redirect our therapeutic perspectives to novel treatment strategies that have not yet been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 7011-2272, USA.
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202
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203
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Gatta V, Granzotto A, Fincati K, Drago D, Bolognin S, Zatta P, Sensi SL. Microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in human neuroblastoma cells exposed to Aβ–Zn and Aβ–Cu complexes. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Abnormal metal accumulation is associated with Alzheimer’s disease and plays a relevant role in affecting amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity. Material & Methods: In the present study, employing a microarray analysis of 35,129 genes, we analyzed gene expression profile changes due to exposure to Aβ1-42 –Zn or Aβ1-42 –Cu complexes in neuronal-like cells (SH-SY5Y). Results: Microarray data indicated that Aβ–Zn or Aβ–Cu complexes selectively alter expression of genes mainly related to cell death, inflammatory responses, cytoprotective mechanisms and apoptosis. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings indicate that Aβ1–42 –Zn or Aβ1–42 –Cu show some commonalities in affecting Alzheimer’s disease-related target functions. The overall modulatory activity on these genes supports the idea of a possible net effect resulting in the activation of pathways that counteract toxic effects of Aβ–Zn or Aβ–Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gatta
- Department of Oral Health & Biotechnological Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
- Functional Genetics Unit – Center of Excellence in Aging (Ce.S.I.), Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Denise Drago
- CNS Repair Unit – INSPE, Biological Mass Spectrometry Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolognin
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological & Motor Sciences – Physiology & Psychology Unit, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Zatta
- National Research Council, Biomedical Technology Institute (CNR-ITB), Metalloproteins Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, “G. D’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
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204
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Zhou S, Zhang J, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Chen F, Lin J. Inhibition of mechanical stress-induced NF-κB promotes bone formation. Oral Dis 2012; 19:59-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2012.01949.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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205
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Abstract
Down's syndrome, a congenital disorder associated with cognitive impairment and early-onset Alzheimer's disease, is a progressive genetic pathology resulting from full or partial triplication of chromosome 21. Down's syndrome brain is typified by activated microglia, increases in inflammatory signaling, and an aberrant immune system. In these studies, a screening of micro-RNA (miRNA) from Down's syndrome brain and peripheral tissues indicated an upregulation of a chromosome 21-encoded miRNA-155 and a decrease in the abundance of the miRNA-155 mRNA target complement factor H (CFH), an important repressor of the innate immune response. Stressed primary human neuronal-glial cells indicated both miRNA-155 increase and CFH downregulation, an effect that was reversed using anti-miRNA-155. These findings suggest that immunopathological deficits associated with Down's syndrome can, in part, be explained by a generalized miRNA-155-mediated downregulation of CFH that may contribute to both brain and systemic immune pathology.
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206
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Lukiw WJ. Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide modulators and other current treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:10.1517/14728214.2012.672559. [PMID: 22439907 PMCID: PMC3399957 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.672559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common, progressive neurological disorder whose incidence is reaching epidemic proportions. The prevailing "amyloid cascade hypothesis," which maintains that the aberrant proteolysis of beta-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) into neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides is central to the etiopathology of AD, continues to dominate pharmacological approaches to the clinical management of this insidious disorder. This review is a compilation and update on current pharmacological strategies designed to down-regulate Aβ42 peptide generation in an effort to ameliorate the tragedy of AD. Areas covered: This review utilized online data searches at various open online-access websites including the Alzheimer Association, Alzheimer Research Forum; individual drug company databases; the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Medline; Pharmaprojects database; Scopus; inter-University research communications; and unpublished research data. Expert opinion: Anti-acetylcholinesterase-, chelation-, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist-, statin-, Aβ immunization-, β-secretase-, γ-secretase-based, and other strategies to modulate βAPP processing, have dominated pharmacological approaches directed against AD-type neurodegenerative pathology. Cumulative clinical results of these efforts remain extremely disappointing, and have had little overall impact on the clinical management of AD. While a number of novel approaches are in consideration and development, to date there is still no effective treatment or cure for this expanding healthcare concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Lukiw
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, , 2020 Gravier Street, Suite 904, New Orleans LA 70112-2272 , USA +1 504 599 0842 ; +1 504 568 5801 ;
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207
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Lescher J, Paap F, Schultz V, Redenbach L, Scheidt U, Rosewich H, Nessler S, Fuchs E, Gärtner J, Brück W, Junker A. MicroRNA regulation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice and marmosets resembles regulation in human multiple sclerosis lesions. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 246:27-33. [PMID: 22445295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that miRNA regulation in marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and C57/BL6 mouse EAE lesions largely resembles miRNA regulation in active human MS lesions. Detailed quantitative PCR analyses of the most up- and downregulated miRNAs of active human MS lesions in dissected lesions from marmoset EAE brains and inflamed spinal cords of EAE mice revealed that the conserved and highly regulated miRNAs, miRNA-155, miRNA-142-3p, miRNA-146a, miRNA-146b and miRNA-21, turned out to be similarly upregulated in marmoset and mouse EAE lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lescher
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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208
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Lukiw WJ, Surjyadipta B, Dua P, Alexandrov PN. Common micro RNAs (miRNAs) target complement factor H (CFH) regulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 3:105-16. [PMID: 22509485 PMCID: PMC3325769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are complex and progressive inflammatory degenerations of the human neocortex and retina. Recent molecular, genetic and epigenetic evidence indicate that at least 4 micro RNAs (miRNAs) - including the NF-кB-regulated miRNA-9, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 - are progressively up-regulated in both AD and AMD. This quartet of up-regulated miRNAs in turn down-regulate a small brain- and retinal-cell-relevant family of target mRNAs, including that encoding complement factor H (CFH), a major negative regulator of the innate immune and inflammatory response. Together miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 recognize an overlapping miRNA regulatory control (MiRC) region in the CFH 3'-untranslated region (3'- UTR; 5'-TTTAGTATTAA-3') to which either of these miRNAs may interact. Progressive, pathogenic increases in specific miRNA binding to the entire 232 nucleotide CFH 3'-UTR appears to be a major regulator of CFH expression down-regulation, and the inflammatory pathology that characterizes both AMD and AD. The data presented in this report provides evidence that up-regulation of brain- and retinal- abundant miRNAs, including miRNA-9, miRNA-125b, miRNA-146a and miRNA-155, are common to the pathogenetic mechanism of CFH deficiency that drives inflammatory neurodegeneration, and for the first time indicates multiple, independent miRNA-mediated regulation of the CFH mRNA 3'-UTR.
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209
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Aronica E, Ravizza T, Zurolo E, Vezzani A. Astrocyte immune responses in epilepsy. Glia 2012; 60:1258-68. [PMID: 22331574 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the major glial cell type of the central nervous system (CNS), are known to play a major role in the regulation of the immune/inflammatory response in several human CNS diseases. In epilepsy-associated pathologies, the presence of astrogliosis has stimulated extensive research focused on the role of reactive astrocytes in the pathophysiological processes that underlie the development of epilepsy. In brain tissue from patients with epilepsy, astrocytes undergo significant changes in their physiological properties, including the activation of inflammatory pathways. Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that proinflammatory molecules can alter glio-neuronal communications contributing to the generation of seizures and seizure-related neuronal damage. In particular, both in vitro and in vivo data point to the role of astrocytes as both major source and target of epileptogenic inflammatory signaling. In this context, understanding the astroglial inflammatory response occurring in epileptic brain tissue may provide new strategies for targeting astrocyte-mediated epileptogenesis. This article reviews current evidence regarding the role of astrocytes in the regulation of the innate immune responses in epilepsy. Both clinical observations in drug-resistant human epilepsies and experimental findings in clinically relevant models will be discussed and elaborated, highlighting specific inflammatory pathways (such as interleukin-1β/toll-like receptor 4) that could be potential targets for antiepileptic, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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210
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Pasluosta CF, Dua P, Lukiw WJ. Nearest hyperplane distance neighbor clustering algorithm applied to gene co-expression analysis in Alzheimer's disease. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2011:5559-62. [PMID: 22255598 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis can contribute considerably to the understanding of biologically significant cellular mechanisms that yield novel information regarding co-regulated sets of gene patterns. Clustering is one of the most popular tools for analyzing DNA microarray data. In this paper, we present an unsupervised clustering algorithm based on the K-local hyperplane distance nearest-neighbor classifier (HKNN). We adapted the well-known nearest neighbor clustering algorithm for use with hyperplane distance. The result is a simple and computationally inexpensive unsupervised clustering algorithm that can be applied to high-dimensional data. It has been reported that the NFkB1 gene is progressively over-expressed in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, and that the NF-kB complex plays a key role in neuroinflammatory responses in AD pathogenesis. In this study, we apply the proposed clustering algorithm to identify co-expression patterns with the NFkB1 in gene expression data from hippocampal tissue samples. Finally, we validate our experiments with biomedical literature search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian F Pasluosta
- Department of Health Informatics and Information Management, Louisiana Tech university, Ruston, LA 71270, USA.
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211
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MicroRNAs in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 46:285-90. [PMID: 22285895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Accumulating evidence in AD research suggests that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) network could contribute to risk for the disease. miRNAs are conserved small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are essential for neuronal function and survival. The results from recent profiling experiments in humans suggest that a number of specific miRNAs are misregulated in disease conditions, several of which have been implicated in the regulation of key genes involved in AD, including APP, BACE1 and MAPT. Moreover, rare disease-specific polymorphisms have been identified in known and putative miRNA target sites located within the 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of APP and BACE1 genes. Here, we review current findings regarding miRNA research in humans and various cellular and animal models to provide a strong basis for future research aimed at understanding the potential contribution of miRNAs to AD pathophysiology.
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212
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Zilahi E, Tarr T, Papp G, Griger Z, Sipka S, Zeher M. Increased microRNA-146a/b, TRAF6 gene and decreased IRAK1 gene expressions in the peripheral mononuclear cells of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Immunol Lett 2012; 141:165-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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213
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McCubrey JA, Abrams SL, Umezawa K, Cocco L, Martelli AM, Franklin RA, Chappell WH, Steelman LS. Novel approaches to target cancer initiating cells-eliminating the root of the cancer. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:249-264. [PMID: 21930143 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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214
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Smid SD, Maag JL, Musgrave IF. Dietary polyphenol-derived protection against neurotoxic β-amyloid protein: from molecular to clinical. Food Funct 2012; 3:1242-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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215
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The potential role of microRNA-146 in Alzheimer's disease: biomarker or therapeutic target? Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:398-401. [PMID: 22209051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there have been increasing evidences that microRNA-146 (miR-146) is related to up-regulated immune and inflammatory signaling through its target genes, such as IRAK1 and TRAF6. Additionally, abundant data continue to support the hypothesis that progressive up-regulation of inflammatory gene expression and elevated inflammatory signaling facilitate the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review focuses on the recent findings regarding the role of miR-146 in modulating immune response and its subsequent effects in the pathogenesis of AD.
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216
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Lukiw WJ. NF-кB-regulated micro RNAs (miRNAs) in primary human brain cells. Exp Neurol 2011; 235:484-90. [PMID: 22138609 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs), small and labile ~22 nucleotide-sized fragments of single stranded RNA, are important regulators of messenger (mRNA) complexity and in shaping the transcriptome of a cell. In this communication, we utilized amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) peptides and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) as a combinatorial, physiologically-relevant stress to induce miRNAs in human primary neural (HNG) cells (a co-culture of neurons and astroglia). Specific miRNA up-regulation was monitored using miRNA arrays, Northern micro-dot blots and RT-PCR. Selective NF-кB translocation and DNA binding inhibitors, including the chelator and anti-oxidant pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and the polyphenolic resveratrol analog CAY10512 (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), indicated the NF-кB sensitivity of several brain miRNAs, including miRNA-9, miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a. The inducible miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a, and their verified mRNA targets, including 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), synapsin-2 (SYN-2), complement factor H (CFH) and tetraspanin-12 (TSPAN12), suggests complex and highly interactive roles for NF-кB, miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a. These data further indicate that just two NF-кB-mediated miRNAs have tremendous potential to contribute to the regulation of neurotrophic support, synaptogenesis, neuroinflammation, innate immune signaling and amyloidogenesis in stressed primary neural cells of the human brain.
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217
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A plasma microRNA signature of acute lentiviral infection: biomarkers of central nervous system disease. AIDS 2011; 25:2057-67. [PMID: 21857495 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32834b95bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are modulated during disease and are emerging biomarkers; they have not been characterized in HIV infection. Using our macaque/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV, we sought to identify a plasma miRNA profile of acute lentiviral infection, evaluate its relationship with known cellular and viral determinants of lentivirus-associated central nervous system (CNS) disease, and explore the potential of miRNAs to predict CNS disease. DESIGN Plasma samples were obtained before inoculation and 10 days after inoculation from SIV-infected macaques. METHODS Plasma miRNA expression profiles were determined by TaqMan low-density array for six individuals. miRNA expression was compared with levels of cytokines, virus, and plasma platelet count. miRNA results were confirmed by single miRNA-specific assays for 10 macaques. Nineteen individuals were used to validate a disease prediction test. RESULTS A 45-miRNA signature of acute infection (differential expression with P < 0.05 after multiple comparison correction) classified plasma as infected or not. Several differentially expressed miRNAs correlated with CNS disease-associated cytokines interleukin-6 and CCL2 and included predicted and/or validated regulators of the corresponding mRNAs. miRNAs tracked with viral load and platelet count were also predictors of CNS disease. At least six miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in individuals with severe versus no CNS disease; in an unweighted expression test, they predicted CNS disease. CONCLUSION Acute-phase differential expression of plasma miRNAs predicts CNS disease and suggests that CNS damage or predisposition to disease progression begins in the earliest phase of infection. Plasma miRNAs should be investigated further as leading indicators of HIV diseases as early as acute infection.
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218
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Percy ME, Kruck TPA, Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. Towards the prevention of potential aluminum toxic effects and an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1505-12. [PMID: 22099160 PMCID: PMC3714848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In 1991, treatment with low dose intramuscular desferrioxamine (DFO), a trivalent chelator that can remove excessive iron and/or aluminum from the body, was reported to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by a factor of two. Twenty years later this promising trial has not been followed up and why this treatment worked still is not clear. In this critical interdisciplinary review, we provide an overview of the complexities of AD and involvement of metal ions, and revisit the neglected DFO trial. We discuss research done by us and others that is helping to explain involvement of metal ion catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of AD, and emerging strategies for inhibition of metal-ion toxicity. Highlighted are insights to be considered in the quests to prevent potentially toxic effects of aluminum toxicity and prevention and intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maire E Percy
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Surrey Place Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 2C2.
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219
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Satoh JI. Molecular network of microRNA targets in Alzheimer's disease brains. Exp Neurol 2011; 235:436-46. [PMID: 21945006 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNAs that regulate translational repression of target mRNAs. The vast majority of presently identified miRNAs are expressed in the brain where they fine-tune the expression of a wide range of target molecules essential for neuronal and glial development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of brain-enriched miRNAs induce development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Because a single miRNA concurrently downregulates hundreds of target mRNAs, the set of miRNA target genes coregulated by an individual miRNA generally constitutes the biologically integrated network of functionally associated molecules. Recent advances in systems biology enable us to characterize the global molecular network of experimentally validated targets for individual miRNAs by using pathway analysis tools of bioinformatics endowed with comprehensive knowledgebase. This review is conducted to summarize accumulating studies focused on aberrant miRNA expression in AD brains, and to propose the systems biological view that abnormal regulation of cell cycle progression as a result of deregulation of miRNA target networks plays a central role in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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220
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Oxidative Stress and β-Amyloid Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2011; 13:223-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-011-8155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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221
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Alexandrov PN, Pogue A, Bhattacharjee S, Lukiw WJ. Retinal amyloid peptides and complement factor H in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 2011; 22:623-7. [PMID: 21734608 PMCID: PMC3719862 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e3283497334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Murine transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (Tg-AD) have been useful to analyze the contribution of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP), Aβ42 peptide deposition, and the proinflammatory mechanisms that characterize Alzheimer-type neuropathology. In this report, we have studied the levels of βAPP, Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptide, as well as the innate immune and inflammatory response-regulator complement factor H in the brain and retina in four different Tg-AD models including Tg2576, PSAPP, 3xTg-AD, and 5xFAD. Aged, symptomatic 5xFAD mice showed the highest retinal abundance of Aβ42 peptides and the highest deficits in complement factor H. This may be a useful model to study the mechanisms of amyloid-mediated inflammatory degeneration. The superior colliculus and retina obtained from late-stage Alzheimer's disease revealed upregulated amyloidogenic and inflammatory signaling along the anteroposterior axis of the retinal-primary visual cortex pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aileen Pogue
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Surjyadipta Bhattacharjee
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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222
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Hu WJ, Zhou SM, Yang JS, Meng FG. Computational simulations to predict creatine kinase-associated factors: protein-protein interaction studies of brain and muscle types of creatine kinases. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:328249. [PMID: 21826261 PMCID: PMC3150154 DOI: 10.4061/2011/328249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) is related to several skin diseases such as psoriasis and dermatomyositis. CK is important in skin energy homeostasis because it catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from MgATP to creatine. In this study, we predicted CK binding proteins via the use of bioinformatic tools such as protein-protein interaction (PPI) mappings and suggest the putative hub proteins for CK interactions. We obtained 123 proteins for brain type CK and 85 proteins for muscle type CK in the interaction networks. Among them, several hub proteins such as NFKB1, FHL2, MYOC, and ASB9 were predicted. Determination of the binding factors of CK can further promote our understanding of the roles of CK in physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jiang Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China
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Enciu AM, Popescu BO, Gheorghisan-Galateanu A. MicroRNAs in brain development and degeneration. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:2243-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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224
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Pogue AI, Percy ME, Cui JG, Li YY, Bhattacharjee S, Hill JM, Kruck TPA, Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. Up-regulation of NF-kB-sensitive miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a in metal sulfate-stressed human astroglial (HAG) primary cell cultures. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1434-7. [PMID: 22099153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) constitute a unique class of small, non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The presence of two inducible miRNAs, miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a, involved in respectively, astroglial cell proliferation and in the innate immune and inflammatory response, is significantly up-regulated in human neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study we analyzed abundances miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a in magnesium-, iron-, gallium, and aluminum-sulfate-stressed human-astroglial (HAG) cells, a structural and immune-responsive brain cell type. The combination of iron- plus aluminum-sulfate was found to be significantly synergistic in up-regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance, NF-кB-DNA binding and miRNA-125b and miRNA-146a expression. Treatment of metal-sulfate stressed HAG cells with the antioxidant phenyl butyl nitrone (PBN) or the NF-кB inhibitors curcumin, the metal chelator-anti-oxidant pyrollidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), or the resveratrol analog CAY10512, abrogated both NF-кB signaling and induction of these miRNAs. Our observations further illustrate the potential of physiologically relevant amounts of aluminum and iron sulfates to synergistically up-regulate specific miRNAs known to contribute to AD-relevant pathogenetic mechanisms, and suggest that antioxidants or NF-кB inhibitors may be useful to quench metal-sulfate triggered genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen I Pogue
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
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225
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Li YY, Cui JG, Dua P, Pogue AI, Bhattacharjee S, Lukiw WJ. Differential expression of miRNA-146a-regulated inflammatory genes in human primary neural, astroglial and microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 2011; 499:109-13. [PMID: 21640790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-146a (miRNA-146a) is an inducible, 22 nucleotide, small RNA over-expressed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Up-regulated miRNA-146a targets several inflammation-related and membrane-associated messenger RNAs (mRNAs), including those encoding complement factor-H (CFH) and the interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), resulting in significant decreases in their expression (p<0.05, ANOVA). In this study we assayed miRNA-146a, CFH, IRAK-1 and tetraspanin-12 (TSPAN12), abundances in primary human neuronal-glial (HNG) co-cultures, in human astroglial (HAG) and microglial (HMG) cells stressed with Aβ42 peptide and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The results indicate a consistent inverse relationship between miRNA-146a and CFH, IRAK-1 and TSPAN12 expression levels, and indicate that HNG, HAG and HMG cell types each respond differently to Aβ42-peptide+TNFα-triggered stress. While the strongest miRNA-146a-IRAK-1 response was found in HAG cells, the largest miRNA-146a-TSPAN12 response was found in HNG cells, and the most significant miRNA-146a-CFH changes were found in HMG cells, the 'resident scavenging macrophages' of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Li
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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226
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Yang HY, Zhao L, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Qiang L, Ha J, Li ZY, You QD, Guo QL. Oroxylin a reverses multi-drug resistance of human hepatoma BEL7402/5-FU cells via downregulation of P-glycoprotein expression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:185-95. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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227
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Lukiw WJ, Dua P, Pogue AI, Eicken C, Hill JM. Upregulation of micro RNA-146a (miRNA-146a), a marker for inflammatory neurodegeneration, in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:1460-8. [PMID: 22043907 PMCID: PMC3719866 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.618973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A mouse- and human-brain-abundant, nuclear factor (NF)-кB-regulated, micro RNA-146a (miRNA-146a) is an important modulator of the innate immune response and inflammatory signaling in specific immunological and brain cell types. Levels of miRNA-146a are induced in human brain cells challenged with at least five different species of single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA neurotrophic viruses, suggesting a broad role for miRNA-146a in the brain's innate immune response and antiviral immunity. Upregulated miRNA-146a is also observed in pro-inflammatory cytokine-, Aβ42 peptide- and neurotoxic metal-induced, oxidatively stressed human neuronal-glial primary cell cocultures, in murine scrapie and in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. In AD, miRNA-146a levels are found to progressively increase with disease severity and co-localize to brain regions enriched in inflammatory neuropathology. This study provides evidence of upregulation of miRNA-146a in extremely rare (incidence 1-10 per 100 million) human prion-based neurodegenerative disorders, including sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS). The findings suggest that an upregulated miRNA-146a may be integral to innate immune or inflammatory brain cell responses in prion-mediated infections and to progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration of both the murine and human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center and Departments of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA70112-2272, USA.
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