201
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Wang SZ, Poore B, Alt J, Price A, Allen SJ, Hanaford AR, Kaur H, Orr BA, Slusher BS, Eberhart CG, Raabe EH, Rubens JA. Unbiased Metabolic Profiling Predicts Sensitivity of High MYC-Expressing Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors to Glutamine Inhibition with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5925-5936. [PMID: 31300448 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are aggressive infantile brain tumors with poor survival. Recent advancements have highlighted significant molecular heterogeneity in AT/RT with an aggressive subgroup featuring overexpression of the MYC proto-oncogene. We perform the first comprehensive metabolic profiling of patient-derived AT/RT cell lines to identify therapeutic susceptibilities in high MYC-expressing AT/RT. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Metabolites were extracted from AT/RT cell lines and separated in ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Glutamine metabolic inhibition with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) was tested with growth and cell death assays and survival studies in orthotopic mouse models of AT/RT. Metabolic flux analysis was completed to identify combination therapies to act synergistically to improve survival in high MYC AT/RT. RESULTS Unbiased metabolic profiling of AT/RT cell models identified a unique dependence of high MYC AT/RT on glutamine for survival. The glutamine analogue, DON, selectively targeted high MYC cell lines, slowing cell growth, inducing apoptosis, and extending survival in orthotopic mouse models of AT/RT. Metabolic flux experiments with isotopically labeled glutamine revealed DON inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis. DON combined with carboplatin further slowed cell growth, induced apoptosis, and extended survival in orthotopic mouse models of high MYC AT/RT. CONCLUSIONS Unbiased metabolic profiling of AT/RT identified susceptibility of high MYC AT/RT to glutamine metabolic inhibition with DON therapy. DON inhibited glutamine-dependent synthesis of GSH and synergized with carboplatin to extend survival in high MYC AT/RT. These findings can rapidly translate into new clinical trials to improve survival in high MYC AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Z Wang
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brad Poore
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antoinette Price
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sariah J Allen
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Allison R Hanaford
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brent A Orr
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey A Rubens
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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202
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Iacovella MG, Bremang M, Basha O, Giacò L, Carotenuto W, Golfieri C, Szakal B, Dal Maschio M, Infantino V, Beznoussenko GV, Joseph CR, Visintin C, Mironov AA, Visintin R, Branzei D, Ferreira-Cerca S, Yeger-Lotem E, De Wulf P. Integrating Rio1 activities discloses its nutrient-activated network in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:7586-7611. [PMID: 30011030 PMCID: PMC6125641 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinase/adenosine triphosphatase Rio1 regulates rDNA transcription and segregation, pre-rRNA processing and small ribosomal subunit maturation. Other roles are unknown. When overexpressed, human ortholog RIOK1 drives tumor growth and metastasis. Likewise, RIOK1 promotes 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and has not been characterized globally. We show that Rio1 manages directly and via a series of regulators, an essential signaling network at the protein, chromatin and RNA levels. Rio1 orchestrates growth and division depending on resource availability, in parallel to the nutrient-activated Tor1 kinase. To define the Rio1 network, we identified its physical interactors, profiled its target genes/transcripts, mapped its chromatin-binding sites and integrated our data with yeast’s protein–protein and protein–DNA interaction catalogs using network computation. We experimentally confirmed network components and localized Rio1 also to mitochondria and vacuoles. Via its network, Rio1 commands protein synthesis (ribosomal gene expression, assembly and activity) and turnover (26S proteasome expression), and impinges on metabolic, energy-production and cell-cycle programs. We find that Rio1 activity is conserved to humans and propose that pathological RIOK1 may fuel promiscuous transcription, ribosome production, chromosomal instability, unrestrained metabolism and proliferation; established contributors to cancer. Our study will advance the understanding of numerous processes, here revealed to depend on Rio1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Iacovella
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Bremang
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Current address: Proteome Sciences Plc, Hamilton House, Mabledon Place, London, United Kingdom
| | - Omer Basha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Luciano Giacò
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Walter Carotenuto
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Golfieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Barnabas Szakal
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Dal Maschio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Infantino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Chinnu R Joseph
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosella Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Dana Branzei
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sébastien Ferreira-Cerca
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie III, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Peter De Wulf
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
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203
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Hay J, Gilroy K, Huser C, Kilbey A, Mcdonald A, MacCallum A, Holroyd A, Cameron E, Neil JC. Collaboration of MYC and RUNX2 in lymphoma simulates T-cell receptor signaling and attenuates p53 pathway activity. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18332-18345. [PMID: 31257681 PMCID: PMC6772115 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC and RUNX oncogenes each trigger p53‐mediated failsafe responses when overexpressed in vitro and collaborate with p53 deficiency in vivo. However, together they drive rapid onset lymphoma without mutational loss of p53. This phenomenon was investigated further by transcriptomic analysis of premalignant thymus from RUNX2/MYC transgenic mice. The distinctive contributions of MYC and RUNX to transcriptional control were illustrated by differential enrichment of canonical binding sites and gene ontology analyses. Pathway analysis revealed signatures of MYC, CD3, and CD28 regulation indicative of activation and proliferation, but also strong inhibition of cell death pathways. In silico analysis of discordantly expressed genes revealed Tnfsrf8/CD30, Cish, and Il13 among relevant targets for sustained proliferation and survival. Although TP53 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated, its downstream targets in growth suppression and apoptosis were largely unperturbed. Analysis of genes encoding p53 posttranslational modifiers showed significant upregulation of three genes, Smyd2, Set, and Prmt5. Overexpression of SMYD2 was validated in vivo but the functional analysis was constrained by in vitro loss of p53 in RUNX2/MYC lymphoma cell lines. However, an early role is suggested by the ability of SMYD2 to block senescence‐like growth arrest induced by RUNX overexpression in primary fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Hay
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Gilroy
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Huser
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kilbey
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alma Mcdonald
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda MacCallum
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa Holroyd
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James C Neil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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204
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Pal I, Safari M, Jovanovic M, Bates SE, Deng C. Targeting Translation of mRNA as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2019; 14:219-227. [DOI: 10.1007/s11899-019-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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205
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 6 (LPAR6) Expression and Prospective Signaling Pathway Analysis in Breast Cancer. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:127-138. [PMID: 30694446 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has widely been reported to participate in the numerous biological behaviors of tumors through its receptors. LPA receptor 6 (LPAR6) is a newly identified G protein-coupled receptor of LPA, and few studies have explored the role of LPAR6 in cancer. In breast cancer (BC), LPAR6 has not, as yet, been studied. This study aimed to evaluate LPAR6 expression in BC patients and to explore its possible role in BC. METHODS A total of 98 pairs of clinical BC and para-cancer tissues were collected, and LPAR6 expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Kaplan-Meier plots were employed for survival analysis. Human BC cell lines were cultured to study decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine [5-Aza]) intervention. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out to support the study conclusions and predictions. RESULTS LPAR6 expression was significantly reduced in BC tissues (p < 0.001). In the analysis of clinical parameters, LPAR6 expression was related to BC molecular classification (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients with higher LPAR6 expression had better prognoses (p < 0.001). The CpG islands of LPAR6 were hypermethylated in BC tissues relative to those in para-cancer tissues (p < 0.01). 5-Aza significantly upregulated LPAR6 expression in BC cell lines. Additionally, LPAR6 knockdown significantly promoted cell migration and proliferation in the ZR-75-1 cell line (p < 0.001). Finally, through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), LPAR6 was found to be negatively correlated with cancer-promoting factors and positively correlated with tumor-suppressing factors. CONCLUSION LPAR6 was downregulated in BC, and low LPAR6 expression was related to poor prognosis. The anti-tumor drug 5-Aza significantly upregulated LPAR6 expression in vitro, and LPAR6 might act as a tumor suppressor in BC.
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206
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Hu J, Luo H, Xu Y, Luo G, Xu S, Zhu J, Song D, Sun Z, Kuang Y. The Prognostic Significance of EIF3C Gene during the Tumorigenesis of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:199-208. [PMID: 31181967 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1618322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Hu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Heng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yuangao Xu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shuxiong Xu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Dalong Song
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial people’s Hospital, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Youlin Kuang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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207
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Mo Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Xiong F, Guo C. The role of Wnt signaling pathway in tumor metabolic reprogramming. J Cancer 2019; 10:3789-3797. [PMID: 31333796 PMCID: PMC6636296 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors is a complex process involving long-term multi-factor participation. In this process, tumor cells from a set of abnormal metabolic patterns that are different from normal cells. This abnormal metabolic change is called metabolic reprogramming of tumors. Wnt signaling pathway is one of the critical signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, it has been found that Wnt signaling participates in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors by affecting metabolic reprogramming. This paper reviews the role of Wnt signaling in tumor metabolic reprogramming to provide crucial theoretical guidance for targeted therapy and drug response of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Liting Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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208
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Zhao X, Petrashen AP, Sanders JA, Peterson AL, Sedivy JM. SLC1A5 glutamine transporter is a target of MYC and mediates reduced mTORC1 signaling and increased fatty acid oxidation in long-lived Myc hypomorphic mice. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12947. [PMID: 30909319 PMCID: PMC6516164 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice that express reduced levels of the c‐Myc gene (Myc+/− heterozygotes) are long‐lived. Myc hypomorphic mice display reduced rates of protein translation and decreased activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1). Given the prominent effect of mTOR on aging, lower mTORC1 activity could contribute to the exceptional longevity and enhanced healthspan of Myc+/− animals. However, given the downstream position of MYC in these signaling cascades, the mechanism through which mTORC1 activity is downregulated in Myc+/− mice is not understood. We report that the high‐affinity glutamine transporter SLC1A5, which is critical for activation of mTORC1 activity by amino acids, is a transcriptional target of MYC. Myc+/− cells display decreased Slc1a5 gene expression that leads to lower glutamine uptake and consequently reduced mTORC1 activity. Decreased mTORC1 activity in turn mediates an elevation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by indirectly upregulating the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (Cpt1a) that mediates the rate‐limiting step of β‐oxidation. Increased FAO has been noted in a number of long‐lived mouse models. Taken together, our results show that transcriptional feedback loops regulated by MYC modulate upstream signaling pathways such as mTOR and impact FAO on an organismal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoai Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center on the Biology of Aging Brown University Providence Rhode Island
| | - Anna P. Petrashen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center on the Biology of Aging Brown University Providence Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer A. Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Providence Rhode Island
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center on the Biology of Aging Brown University Providence Rhode Island
| | - John M. Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center on the Biology of Aging Brown University Providence Rhode Island
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209
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Taylor JS, Zeki J, Ornell K, Coburn J, Shimada H, Ikegaki N, Chiu B. Down-regulation of MYCN protein by CX-5461 leads to neuroblastoma tumor growth suppression. J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1192-1197. [PMID: 30879743 PMCID: PMC6545249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MYCN oncogene amplification is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. CX-5461 is a small molecular inhibitor that prevents initiation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis by RNA Pol I, down-regulating MYCN/MYC proteins. We hypothesize that neuroblastoma tumor growth can be suppressed by CX-5461. METHODS MYCN-amplified (KELLY, IMR5) and nonamplified (SY5Y, SKNAS) neuroblastoma cells were treated with CX-5461. MYCN/MYC expression after 24-48 h was determined by Western blot. Orthotopic neuroblastoma tumors created in mice using KELLY cells were treated with CX-5461-loaded silk films implanted locally. Tumor growth was monitored using ultrasound. Histologic evaluation of tumors was performed. RESULTS IC50 for KELLY, IMR5, SY5Y, and SKNAS cells to CX-5461 was 0.75 μM, 0.02 μM, 0.8 μM, and 1.7 μM, respectively. CX-5461 down-regulated MYCN and MYC proteins at 0.25-1.0 μM on Western blot analysis. CX-5461-loaded silk film released 23.7±3 μg of the drug in 24 h and 48.2±3.9 μg at 120 h. KELLY tumors treated with CX-5461-loaded film reached 800 mm3 after 7.8±1.4 days, while those treated with control film reached the same size on 5.1±0.6 days (p=0.03). CX-5461-treated tumors showed collapse of nucleolar hypertrophy and MYCN protein downregulation. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that local delivery of CX-5461 via sustained release platform can suppress orthotopic neuroblastoma tumor growth, especially those with MYCN/MYC overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine Zeki
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Kimberly Ornell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Naohiko Ikegaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Bill Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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Flavin Oxidase-Induced ROS Generation Modulates PKC Biphasic Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Cell Survival. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060209. [PMID: 31151226 PMCID: PMC6628153 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake of natural antioxidants is thought to impart protection against oxidative-associated cardiovascular diseases. Despite many in vivo studies and clinical trials, this issue has not been conclusively resolved. Resveratrol (RES) is one of the most extensively studied dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Paradoxically, we have previously demonstrated that high RES concentrations exert a pro-oxidant effect eventually elevating ROS levels leading to cell death. Here, we further elucidate the molecular determinants underpinning RES-induced oxidative cell death. Methods: Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the effect of increasing concentrations of RES on DNA synthesis and apoptosis was studied. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of cell survival or apoptosis genes, as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activity were determined. Results: While high concentrations of RES reduce PKC activity, inhibit DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis, low RES concentrations elicit an opposite effect. This biphasic concentration-dependent effect (BCDE) of RES on PKC activity is mirrored at the molecular level. Indeed, high RES concentrations upregulate the proapoptotic Bax, while downregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl-2, at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, high RES concentrations downregulate the cell cycle progression genes, c-myc, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclin D1 protein levels, while low RES concentrations display an increasing trend. The BCDE of RES on PKC activity is abrogated by the ROS scavenger Tempol, indicating that this enzyme acts downstream of the RES-elicited ROS signaling. The RES-induced BCDE on HUVEC cell cycle machinery was also blunted by the flavin inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), implicating flavin oxidase-generated ROS as the mechanistic link in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Finally, PKC inhibition abrogates the BCDE elicited by RES on both cell cycle progression and pro-apoptotic gene expression in HUVECs, mechanistically implicating PKC in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Conclusions: Our results provide new molecular insight into the impact of RES on endothelial function/dysfunction, further confirming that obtaining an optimal benefit of RES is concentration-dependent. Importantly, the BCDE of RES could explain why other studies failed to establish the cardio-protective effects mediated by natural antioxidants, thus providing a guide for future investigation looking at cardio-protection by natural antioxidants.
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Metabolic reprogramming and Notch activity distinguish between non-small cell lung cancer subtypes. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:51-64. [PMID: 31114017 PMCID: PMC6738087 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that the metabolism is differently reprogrammed in the major subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and adenocarcinomas (AdC). However, a comprehensive analysis of this differential metabolic reprogramming is lacking. Methods Publicly available gene expression data from human lung cancer samples and cell lines were analysed. Stable isotope resolved metabolomics were performed on SCC and ADC tumours in human patients and in freshly resected tumour slices. Results Analysis of multiple transcriptomics data from human samples identified a SCC-distinguishing enzyme gene signature. SCC tumours from patients infused with [U-13C]-glucose and SCC tissue slices incubated with stable isotope tracers demonstrated differential glucose and glutamine catabolism compared to AdCs or non-cancerous lung, confirming increased activity through pathways defined by the SCC metabolic gene signature. Furthermore, the upregulation of Notch target genes was a distinguishing feature of SCCs, which correlated with the metabolic signature. Notch and MYC-driven murine lung tumours recapitulated the SCC-distinguishing metabolic reprogramming. However, the differences between SCCs and AdCs disappear in established cell lines in 2D culture. Conclusions Our data emphasise the importance of studying lung cancer metabolism in vivo. They also highlight potential targets for therapeutic intervention in SCC patients including differentially expressed enzymes that catalyse reactions in glycolysis, glutamine catabolism, serine, nucleotide and glutathione biosynthesis.
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Elbadawy M, Usui T, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of C-Myc in Cancer Stem Cell-Related Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target Against Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2340. [PMID: 31083525 PMCID: PMC6539579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a nuclear transcription factor that mainly regulates cell growth, cell cycle, metabolism, and survival. Myc family proteins contain c-Myc, n-Myc, and l-Myc. Among them, c-Myc can become a promising therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for the therapeutic resistance. In the previous study, we demonstrated that c-Myc mediates drug resistance of colorectal CSCs using a patient-derived primary three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of c-Myc-related signaling in the regulation of CSCs, chemotherapy resistance, and colorectal cancer organoids. Finally, we introduce the various types of c-Myc inhibitors and propose the possibility of c-Myc as a therapeutic target against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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213
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Xu X, Gnanaprakasam JNR, Sherman J, Wang R. A Metabolism Toolbox for CAR T Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:322. [PMID: 31114756 PMCID: PMC6503740 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) through genetic engineering is one of the most promising new therapies for treating cancer patients. A robust CAR T cell-mediated anti-tumor response requires the coordination of nutrient and energy supplies with CAR T cell expansion and function. However, the high metabolic demands of tumor cells compromise the function of CAR T cells by competing for nutrients within the tumor microenvironment (TME). To substantially improve clinical outcomes of CAR T immunotherapy while treating solid tumors, it is essential to metabolically prepare CAR T cells to overcome the metabolic barriers imposed by the TME. In this review, we discuss a potential metabolism toolbox to improve the metabolic fitness of CAR T cells and maximize the efficacy of CAR T therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Xu
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - J N Rashida Gnanaprakasam
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - John Sherman
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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214
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Didiasova M, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. When Place Matters: Shuttling of Enolase-1 Across Cellular Compartments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:61. [PMID: 31106201 PMCID: PMC6498095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme, which catalyzes the inter-conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Altered expression of this enzyme is frequently observed in cancer and accounts for the Warburg effect, an adaptive response of tumor cells to hypoxia. In addition to its catalytic function, ENO-1 exhibits other activities, which strongly depend on its cellular and extracellular localization. For example, the association of ENO-1 with mitochondria membrane was found to be important for the stability of the mitochondrial membrane, and ENO-1 sequestration on the cell surface was crucial for plasmin-mediated pericellular proteolysis. The latter activity of ENO-1 enables many pathogens but also immune and cancer cells to invade the tissue, leading further to infection, inflammation or metastasis formation. The ability of ENO-1 to conduct so many diverse processes is reflected by its contribution to a high number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular hypertrophy, fungal and bacterial infections, cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis. These unexpected non-catalytic functions of ENO-1 and their contributions to diseases are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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215
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Feng J, Ma J, Liu S, Wang J, Chen Y. A noncoding RNA LINC00504 interacts with c-Myc to regulate tumor metabolism in colon cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14725-14734. [PMID: 30998289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown a critical role of long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during multiple tumor progression. However, the potential functions of LINC00504 in colon cancer as well as its mechanisms remain obscure. By lncRNA profiling, we identified LINC00504 as a novel oncogenic lncRNA in colon cancer. The lncRNA LINC00504 was markedly upregulated in colon cancer cell lines and specimens. LINC00504 increases viability and migration of colon cells in vitro. Furthermore, LINC00504 also enhances colon cancer xenograft tumors in vivo. We noted that LINC00504 regulates metabolism at a transcriptional level which influences multiple metabolic pathways, such as glucose metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Mechanistic study showed that LINC00504 could interact with c-Myc to promote chromatin recruitment of c-Myc and enhance its transactivation activity. Collectively, our results showed that LINC00504 serves as an important transcriptional regulator for c-Myc in colon cancer cells. LINC00504 can reprogram central metabolism in colon cancer cells implying that LINC00504 may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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216
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Transcriptional positive cofactor 4 promotes breast cancer proliferation and metastasis through c-Myc mediated Warburg effect. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:36. [PMID: 30992017 PMCID: PMC6469038 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human positive cofactor 4 (PC4) is initially identified as a transcriptional cofactor and has an important role in embryonic development and malignant transformation. However, the clinical significance and the molecular mechanisms of PC4 in breast cancer development and progression are still unknown. Methods We investigated PC4 expression in 114 cases of primary breast cancer and matched normal breast tissue specimens, and studied the impact of PC4 expression as well as the molecular mechanisms of this altered expression on breast cancer growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Results PC4 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer and high PC4 expression was positively correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that the gene sets of cell proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) were positively correlated with elevated PC4 expression. Consistently, loss of PC4 markedly inhibited the growth and metastasis of breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PC4 exerted its oncogenic functions by directly binding to c-Myc promoters and inducing Warburg effect. Conclusions Our study reveals for the first time that PC4 promotes breast cancer progression by directly regulating c-Myc transcription to promote Warburg effect, implying a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0348-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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217
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Gregory MA, Nemkov T, Park HJ, Zaberezhnyy V, Gehrke S, Adane B, Jordan CT, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A, DeGregori J. Targeting Glutamine Metabolism and Redox State for Leukemia Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4079-4090. [PMID: 30940653 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature myeloid precursor cells. AML is poorly responsive to conventional chemotherapy and a diagnosis of AML is usually fatal. More effective and less toxic forms of therapy are desperately needed. AML cells are known to be highly dependent on the amino acid glutamine for their survival. These studies were directed at determining the effects of glutaminase inhibition on metabolism in AML and identifying general weaknesses that can be exploited therapeutically. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AML cancer cell lines, primary AML cells, and mouse models of AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were utilized. RESULTS We show that blocking glutamine metabolism through the use of a glutaminase inhibitor (CB-839) significantly impairs antioxidant glutathione production in multiple types of AML, resulting in accretion of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, glutaminase inhibition makes AML cells susceptible to adjuvant drugs that further perturb mitochondrial redox state, such as arsenic trioxide (ATO) and homoharringtonine (HHT). Indeed, the combination of ATO or HHT with CB-839 exacerbates mitoROS and apoptosis, and leads to more complete cell death in AML cell lines, primary AML patient samples, and in vivo using mouse models of AML. In addition, these redox-targeted combination therapies are effective in eradicating ALL cells in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with drugs that perturb mitochondrial redox state represents an effective and potentially widely applicable therapeutic strategy for treating multiple types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gregory
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Hae J Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vadym Zaberezhnyy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sarah Gehrke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Biniam Adane
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
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218
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Guo Y, Bao C, Ma D, Cao Y, Li Y, Xie Z, Li S. Network-Based Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 Screens Identify Synergistic Modules in Human Cells. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:482-490. [PMID: 30762338 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex process that is driven by a combination of networks of genes and environmental factors; however, efficient approaches to identifying functional networks that are perturbed by the process of tumorigenesis are lacking. In this study, we provide a comprehensive network-based strategy for the systematic discovery of functional synergistic modules that are causal determinants of inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Our approach prioritizes candidate genes selected by integrating clinical-based and network-based genome-wide gene prediction methods and identifies functional synergistic modules based on combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 screening. On the basis of candidate genes inferred de novo from experimental and computational methods to be involved in inflammation and cancer, we used an existing TGFβ1-induced cellular transformation model in colonic epithelial cells and a new combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 screening strategy to construct an inflammation-induced differential genetic interaction network. The inflammation-induced differential genetic interaction network that we generated yielded functional insights into the genes and functional module combinations, and showed varied responses to the inflammation agents as well as active traditional Chinese medicine compounds. We identified opposing differential genetic interactions of inflammation-induced tumorigenesis: synergistic promotion and suppression. The synergistic promotion state was primarily caused by deletions in the immune and metabolism modules; the synergistic suppression state was primarily induced by deletions in the proliferation and immune modules or in the proliferation and metabolism modules. These results provide insight into possible early combinational targets and biomarkers for inflammation-induced tumorigenesis and highlight the synergistic effects that occur among immune, proliferation, and metabolism modules. In conclusion, this approach deepens the understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause inflammation to potentially increase the cancer risk of colonic epithelial cells and accelerate the translation into novel functional modules or synergistic module combinations that modulate complex disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dacheng Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yubing Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanda Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and TCM-X Center/Bioinformatics Division/TFIDT, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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219
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Yue M, Jiang J, Gao P, Liu H, Qing G. Oncogenic MYC Activates a Feedforward Regulatory Loop Promoting Essential Amino Acid Metabolism and Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2019; 21:3819-3832. [PMID: 29281830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tumor cells exhibit obligatory demands for essential amino acids (EAAs), but the regulatory mechanisms whereby tumor cells take up EAAs and EAAs promote malignant transformation remain to be determined. Here, we show that oncogenic MYC, solute carrier family (SLC) 7 member 5 (SLC7A5), and SLC43A1 constitute a feedforward activation loop to promote EAA transport and tumorigenesis. MYC selectively activates Slc7a5 and Slc43a1 transcription through direct binding to specific E box elements within both genes, enabling effective EAA import. Elevated EAAs, in turn, stimulate Myc mRNA translation, in part through attenuation of the GCN2-eIF2α-ATF4 amino acid stress response pathway, leading to MYC-dependent transcriptional amplification. SLC7A5/SLC43A1 depletion inhibits MYC expression, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. These findings thus reveal a MYC-SLC7A5/SLC43A1 signaling circuit that underlies EAA metabolism, MYC deregulation, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Affiliated Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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220
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Ma F, Liu X, Zhou S, Li W, Liu C, Chadwick M, Qian C. Long non-coding RNA FGF13-AS1 inhibits glycolysis and stemness properties of breast cancer cells through FGF13-AS1/IGF2BPs/Myc feedback loop. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:63-75. [PMID: 30771425 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
LncRNAs have been proven to play crucial roles in various processes of breast cancer. LncRNA FGF13-AS1 has been identified as one of the 25 downregulated lncRNAs in breast cancer through analyzing data from two cohorts and TCGA by another group of our lab. In this study, we report that FGF13-AS1 expression is decreased in breast cancer tissue compared with corresponding normal tissue, and the downregulation of FGF13-AS1 is associated with poor prognosis. Functional studies show that FGF13-AS1 inhibits breast cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by impairing glycolysis and stemness properties. Mechanistically, FGF13-AS1 reduces the half-life of c-Myc (Myc) mRNA by binding RNA-binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding proteins (IGF2BPs) and disrupting the interaction between IGF2BPs and Myc mRNA. Furthermore, Myc transcriptionally inhibits FGF13-AS1, forming a feedback loop in this signaling pathway. These results reveal for the first time that FGF13-AS1 functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting glycolysis and stemness properties of breast cancer cells, and the FGF13-AS1/IGF2BPs/Myc feedback loop could be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shibo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Michelle Chadwick
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, United States
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China; Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Kant R, Yen CH, Hung JH, Lu CK, Tung CY, Chang PC, Chen YH, Tyan YC, Chen YMA. Induction of GNMT by 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside through proteasome-independent MYC downregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1968. [PMID: 30760754 PMCID: PMC6374375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine-N-methyl transferase (GNMT) a tumor suppressor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) plays a crucial role in liver homeostasis. Its expression is downregulated in almost all the tumor tissues of HCC while the mechanism of this downregulation is not yet fully understood. Recently, we identified 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PGG) as a GNMT promoter enhancer compound in HCC. In this study, we aimed to delineate the mechanism by which PGG enhances GNMT expression and to investigate its effect on GNMT suppression in HCC. Microarray and pathway enrichment analysis revealed that MYC was a major target of PGG. PGG suppressed MYC mRNA and protein expression in Huh7 and Hep G2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, MYC expression was also reduced in xenograft tumors in PGG treated mice. Moreover, shRNA-mediated knocked-down or pharmacological inhibition of MYC resulted in a significant induction of GNMT promoter activity and endogenous GNMT mRNA expression in Huh7 cells. In contrast, overexpression of MYC significantly inhibited GNMT promoter activity and endogenous GNMT protein expression. In addition, antibodies against MYC effectively precipitated the human GNMT promoter in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Lastly, GNMT expression was negatively correlated with MYC expression in human HCC samples. Interestingly, PGG not only inhibited MYC gene expression but also promoted MYC protein degradation through proteasome-independent pathways. This work reveals a novel anticancer mechanism of PGG via downregulation of MYC expression and establishes a therapeutic rationale for treatment of MYC overexpressing cancers using PGG. Our data also provide a novel mechanistic understanding of GNMT regulation through MYC in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Natural products and Drug Development (CHY), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsien Hung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Chang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hao Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Tyan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research (CICAR), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Master Program in Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Harlow ML, Chasse MH, Boguslawski EA, Sorensen KM, Gedminas JM, Kitchen-Goosen SM, Rothbart SB, Taslim C, Lessnick SL, Peck AS, Madaj ZB, Bowman MJ, Grohar PJ. Trabectedin Inhibits EWS-FLI1 and Evicts SWI/SNF from Chromatin in a Schedule-dependent Manner. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:3417-3429. [PMID: 30723142 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The successful clinical translation of compounds that target specific oncogenic transcription factors will require an understanding of the mechanism of target suppression to optimize the dose and schedule of administration. We have previously shown trabectedin reverses the gene signature of the EWS-FLI1 transcription factor. In this report, we establish the mechanism of suppression and use it to justify the reevaluation of this drug in the clinic in patients with Ewing sarcoma.Experimental Design: We demonstrate a novel epigenetic mechanism of trabectedin using biochemical fractionation and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. We link the effect to drug schedule and EWS-FLI1 downstream target expression using confocal microscopy, qPCR, Western blot analysis, and cell viability assays. Finally, we quantitate target suppression within the three-dimensional architecture of the tumor in vivo using 18F-FLT imaging. RESULTS Trabectedin evicts the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex from chromatin and redistributes EWS-FLI1 in the nucleus leading to a marked increase in H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 at EWS-FLI1 target genes. These effects only occur at high concentrations of trabectedin leading to suppression of EWS-FLI1 target genes and a loss of cell viability. In vivo, low-dose irinotecan is required to improve the magnitude, penetrance, and duration of target suppression in the three-dimensional architecture of the tumor leading to differentiation of the Ewing sarcoma xenograft into benign mesenchymal tissue. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the justification to evaluate trabectedin in the clinic on a short infusion schedule in combination with low-dose irinotecan with 18F-FLT PET imaging in patients with Ewing sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt L Harlow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | - Jenna M Gedminas
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | | | - Cenny Taslim
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Stephen L Lessnick
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Patrick J Grohar
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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223
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Diesch J, Bywater MJ, Sanij E, Cameron DP, Schierding W, Brajanovski N, Son J, Sornkom J, Hein N, Evers M, Pearson RB, McArthur GA, Ganley ARD, O’Sullivan JM, Hannan RD, Poortinga G. Changes in long-range rDNA-genomic interactions associate with altered RNA polymerase II gene programs during malignant transformation. Commun Biol 2019; 2:39. [PMID: 30701204 PMCID: PMC6349880 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional organization of the genome contributes to its maintenance and regulation. While chromosomal regions associate with nucleolar ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA), the biological significance of rDNA-genome interactions and whether they are dynamically regulated during disease remain unclear. rDNA chromatin exists in multiple inactive and active states and their transition is regulated by the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBTF. Here, using a MYC-driven lymphoma model, we demonstrate that during malignant progression the rDNA chromatin converts to the open state, which is required for tumor cell survival. Moreover, this rDNA transition co-occurs with a reorganization of rDNA-genome contacts which correlate with gene expression changes at associated loci, impacting gene ontologies including B-cell differentiation, cell growth and metabolism. We propose that UBTF-mediated conversion to open rDNA chromatin during malignant transformation contributes to the regulation of specific gene pathways that regulate growth and differentiation through reformed long-range physical interactions with the rDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Diesch
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Present Address: Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08021 Spain
| | - Megan J. Bywater
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Present Address: QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4029 Australia
| | - Elaine Sanij
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Donald P. Cameron
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023 New Zealand
| | - Natalie Brajanovski
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Jinbae Son
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Jirawas Sornkom
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Maurits Evers
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Richard B. Pearson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Grant A. McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
| | - Austen R. D. Ganley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010 New Zealand
| | | | - Ross D. Hannan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 VIC Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Gretchen Poortinga
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065 Australia
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224
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Huaier n-butanol extract suppresses proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer via c-Myc-Bmi1 axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:447. [PMID: 30679589 PMCID: PMC6346047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36940-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and approximately 42% of all cases diagnosed each year worldwide are diagnosed in China. A large number of clinical applications have revealed that Trametes robiniophila Μurr. (Huaier) exhibits an anti-tumour effect. However, loss of the bioactive components of Huaier during the extraction procedure with water is unavoidable, and the underlying mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of Huaier remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of Huaier n-butanol extract, which contained 51.4% total flavonoids, on HGC27, MGC803, and AGS human GC cell lines in vitro. At a low concentration, Huaier n-butanol extract inhibited the growth of these GC cell types, induced cell cycle arrest and reduced cell metastasis. Moreover, Huaier n-butanol extract suppressed the c-Myc-Bmi1 signalling pathway, and overexpression of Bmi1 reversed the effects of Huaier n-butanol extract on GC cells. Thus, our findings indicate that Huaier n-butanol extract suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells via a c-Myc-Bmi1-mediated approach, providing a new perspective for our understanding of the anti-tumour effects of Huaier. These results suggest that Huaier n-butanol extract could be an attractive therapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of human GC.
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225
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Yin L, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Deng G, Han Y, Guo C, Li Y, Zeng S, Shen H. Increased long noncoding RNA LASP1-AS is critical for hepatocellular carcinoma tumorigenesis via upregulating LASP1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13493-13509. [PMID: 30677131 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been proved to be associated with the many types of malignant tumors (including hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]). In this study, a lncRNAs and mRNAs microarray analysis was performed in three pairs of HCC patitents' tumor. We found lncRNA LIM and SH3 protein 1 antisense (LASP1-AS) and its sense-cognate gene LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) were upregulated in HCC and both are correlated with poorer prognosis and lower survival of HCC patients. Meanwhile, the expression of LASP1-AS correlated positively with LASP1 expression in HCC tissues. LASP1-AS promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HCC in vitro and vivo by enhancing LASP1 expression. Our study explored lncRNA LASP1-AS as an oncogene in HCC and promoted proliferation and metastasis capabilities of HCC via increasing the expression of its sense-cognate gene LASP1. LncRNA LASP1-AS might be a potential valuable prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yin
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ganlu Deng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cao Guo
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Key Laboratory for Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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226
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Li S, Zhang S, Chen J. c-Myc induced upregulation of long non-coding RNA SNHG16 enhances progression and carcinogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:400-410. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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227
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Masui K, Onizuka H, Cavenee WK, Mischel PS, Shibata N. Metabolic reprogramming in the pathogenesis of glioma: Update. Neuropathology 2019; 39:3-13. [PMID: 30609184 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that is currently classified not only by its tissue and cell type of origin but increasingly by its molecular composition. Increasingly, tumor classification and subtyping is being performed based upon the oncogene gains, tumor suppressor losses, and associated epigenetic and transcriptional features. However, cancers, including brain tumors, are also characterized by profound alterations in cellular metabolism. At present, even though signature mutations in known metabolic enzymes are recognized as being important, the metabolic landscape of tumors is not currently incorporated into tumor diagnostic categories. Here we describe a set of recent discoveries on metabolic reprogramming driven by mutations in the genes for the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways, which are the most commonly observed aberrations in diffuse gliomas. We highlight the importance of oncometabolites to dynamically shift the epigenetic landscape in IDH-mutant gliomas, and c-Myc and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes in RTK-mutated gliomas to adapt to the microenvironment through metabolic reprogramming. These signify the integration of the genetic mutations with metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic shifts in diffuse gliomas, shedding new light onto potential patient subsets, coupled with information to guide the development of new therapeutic opportunities against the deadly types of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Masui
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Onizuka
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathological Neuroscience, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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228
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229
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Carabet LA, Rennie PS, Cherkasov A. Therapeutic Inhibition of Myc in Cancer. Structural Bases and Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E120. [PMID: 30597997 PMCID: PMC6337544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc (avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog) represents one of the most sought after drug targets in cancer. Myc transcription factor is an essential regulator of cell growth, but in most cancers it is overexpressed and associated with treatment-resistance and lethal outcomes. Over 40 years of research and drug development efforts did not yield a clinically useful Myc inhibitor. Drugging the "undruggable" is problematic, as Myc inactivation may negatively impact its physiological functions. Moreover, Myc is a disordered protein that lacks effective binding pockets on its surface. It is well established that the Myc function is dependent on dimerization with its obligate partner, Max (Myc associated factor X), which together form a functional DNA-binding domain to activate genomic targets. Herein, we provide an overview of the knowledge accumulated to date on Myc regulation and function, its critical role in cancer, and summarize various strategies that are employed to tackle Myc-driven malignant transformation. We focus on important structure-function relationships of Myc with its interactome, elaborating structural determinants of Myc-Max dimer formation and DNA recognition exploited for therapeutic inhibition. Chronological development of small-molecule Myc-Max prototype inhibitors and corresponding binding sites are comprehensively reviewed and particular emphasis is placed on modern computational drug design methods. On the outlook, technological advancements may soon provide the so long-awaited Myc-Max clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A Carabet
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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230
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The Rio1 protein kinases/ATPases: conserved regulators of growth, division, and genomic stability. Curr Genet 2018; 65:457-466. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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231
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Hu Y, Tao SY, Deng JM, Hou ZK, Liang JQ, Huang QG, Li LH, Li HB, Chen YM, Yi H, Chen XL, Liu H. Prognostic Value of NRAS Gene for Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3001-3008. [PMID: 30484984 PMCID: PMC6318417 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: NRAS gene is associated with malignant proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). But its prognostic value on CRC is still unknown. The objective of this study is to perform a meta-analysis to obtain its prognostic value on survival of CRC patients. Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis was designed, undertaken and reported using items from the PRISMA statement. Relevant articles were identified through PubMed (containing Medline), Embase, Web of Science databases and Google scholar search engines from their inception up to October 3, 2016. The articles about NRAS on prognosis of CRC patients were enrolled. The association between NRAS and CRC survival time (including overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS], and disease-free survival [DFS]) was evaluated using hazard ratio (HR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of fifteen articles were included. High-expression of NRAS was significantly associated with poor OS (HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.15–1.61), and poor PFS (HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.04–2.94). The combined HR of NRAS on DFS was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.37–2.03). Subgroup analysis showed that NRAS was significantly associated with poor OS for patients from Western countries (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09–1.73), but not for those from Asian countries. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrate that NRAS gene could predict the poor prognosis for the CRC patients. More large-sample cohort studies are needed to further confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-You Tao
- Spleen and Stomach Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Min Deng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Gu Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Biao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yi
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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232
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Metabolic reprogramming is essential for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells and is thus recognized as a hallmark of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the etiologies and effects of metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Recent Findings Changes in cellular metabolism may precede the acquisition of driver mutations ultimately leading to colonocyte transformation. Oncogenic mutations and loss of tumor suppressor genes further reprogram CRC cells to upregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis, one-carbon metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. These metabolic changes are not uniform throughout tumors, as subpopulations of tumor cells may rely on different pathways to adapt to nutrient availability in the local tumor microenvironment. Finally, metabolic cross-communication between stromal cells, immune cells, and the gut microbiota enable CRC growth, invasion, and metastasis. Summary Altered cellular metabolism occurs in CRC at multiple levels, including in the cells that make up the bulk of CRC tumors, cancer stem cells, the tumor microenvironment, and host-microbiome interactions. This knowledge may inform the development of improved screening and therapeutics for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Brown
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah P Short
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B2215 Garland Ave., 1065D MRB-IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, B2215 Garland Ave., 1065D MRB-IV, Nashville, TN 37232-0252, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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233
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Tan Z, Zhang X, Kang T, Zhang L, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide amplifies JQ1 toxicity via mitochondrial pathway in gastric and colon cancer cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3913-3927. [PMID: 30532520 PMCID: PMC6241694 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Gastric and colon cancers have been the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world with limited therapy. Small molecules binding to bromodomains of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) exert strong antitumor activities against hematological malignancies, while generally have limited efficacy in advanced solid tumors. Here, we found that the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET)-bromodomain inhibitor JQ1, when combined with arsenic sulfide (As4S4, abbreviated as AS), synergistically decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) as well as the downstream oncogene c-Myc and largely induced cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in gastric and colon cancer cell lines. Methods The synergistic cytotoxicity of AS and JQ1 in gastric and colon cancer cells was determined by MTT assay and verified by FACS assay. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay were used to detect the expression of NFATs and downstream apoptotic proteins. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was determined by FACS assay, and the metastasis of cancer cells was detected by the wound-healing assay. Results AS and JQ1 synergistically induced cell apoptosis in gastric and colon cancer cells by downregulating NFATs and upregulating apoptotic proteins. Combination of AS and JQ1 was associated with the decreased mitochondrial transmembrane potential, the cytochrome c release, and the subsequent caspase-3 activation. Conclusion Thus, our data indicate that AS can effectively enhance the cytotoxicity of BET inhibitors in gastric and colon cancer cells through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tan
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,
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234
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Cross-talk between signal transduction and metabolism in B cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 201:1-13. [PMID: 30439477 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence demonstrates that specific metabolic adaptations are needed to support B cell development and differentiation and to enable B cells to thrive in different environments. Mitogen induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways triggers nutrient uptake and metabolic remodeling to meet the cells' current needs. Reciprocally, changes in the metabolic composition of the environment, or in intracellular metabolite levels, can modulate signal transduction and thus shape cell fate and function. In summary, signal transduction and metabolic pathways operate within an integrated network to cooperatively define cellular outcomes.
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235
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Abstract
Prostate cancer development involves corruption of the normal prostate transcriptional network, following deregulated expression or mutation of key transcription factors. Here, we provide an overview of the transcription factors that are important in normal prostate homeostasis (NKX3-1, p63, androgen receptor [AR]), primary prostate cancer (ETS family members, c-MYC), castration-resistant prostate cancer (AR, FOXA1), and AR-independent castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer (RB1, p53, N-MYC). We use functional (in vitro and in vivo) as well as clinical data to discuss evidence that unveils their roles in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer, with an emphasis on results of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq).
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Labbé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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236
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Zhang X, Chen J, Ai Z, Zhang Z, Lin L, Wei H. Targeting glycometabolic reprogramming to restore the sensitivity of leukemia drug-resistant K562/ADM cells to adriamycin. Life Sci 2018; 215:1-10. [PMID: 30473023 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mounting studies have confirmed that cancer cells reprogram their metabolism during early carcinogenesis to develop many other hallmarks, and demonstrated a relationship between aerobic glycolysis and the occurrence of drug resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms and role in tumor drug resistance of aerobic glycolysis remain unclear. MAIN METHODS We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the RNA level between the multi-drug resistance (MDR) leukemia cell line K562/adriamycin (ADM) and its parental, drug-sensitive K562 cell line. Clustering and enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed. Oxamate, a lactic dehydrogenase inhibitor were used to assess the effect of glycolysis inhibition on ADM susceptibility and the expression of the enriched DEGs in K562/ADM cells. KEY FINDINGS A total of 1742 DEGs were detected between the K562/ADM and K562 cell lines. The differential expression of unigenes encoding enzymes involved in glycometabolism signifies that there was a greater aerobic glycolysis flux in K562/ADM cells. The PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, which is related to glucose metabolism, showed representative differential enrichment and up-regulation in K562/ADM cells. Oxamate improved and re-sensitized the therapeutic effect of ADM in ADM-resistant cells by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis either directly or indirectly by down-regulation of the AKT-mTOR pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ADM resistance mediated by the increase of aerobic glycolysis, which related to the over-activation of the AKT-mTOR-c-Myc pathway in MDR leukemia cells. Inhibition of aerobic glycolysis and down-regulation of signaling pathways involved in aerobic glycolysis represent a potential chemotherapeutic strategy for sensitizing leukemic cells and thereby overcoming MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ziying Ai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hulai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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237
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Xuan F, Huang M, Zhao E, Cui H. MINA53 deficiency leads to glioblastoma cell apoptosis via inducing DNA replication stress and diminishing DNA damage response. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1062. [PMID: 30333481 PMCID: PMC6193027 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MYC-induced nuclear antigen (MINA53) is a JmjC (jumonji C domain)-containing protein, which is highly expressed in many cancers including glioblastoma. We have revealed in our previous report that MINA53 is a poor prognostic indicator for glioblastoma patients, and knockdown of MINA53 could reduce glioblastoma malignancy. In this study, we found that MINA53 knockdown could decrease the DNA replication initiation in glioblastoma cells. Through further investigations, we revealed that MINA53 could regulate the expression of the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) complex genes, which are vital for DNA replication initiation. Knockdown of MINA53 reduced the CMG genes expression and thus induced DNA replication stress and DNA damage. Furthermore, MINA53 knockdown diminished DNA damage response (DDR) by reducing the ATM/ATR-H2AX pathway activity and finally led glioblastoma cells to apoptosis and death. We further applied a genotoxic drug Doxorubicin and found that MINA53 deficiency sensitized glioblastoma cells to Doxorubicin. Our study reveals that MINA53 is involved in DNA replication initiation and DNA damage response, and provides support for MINA53 as a novel and potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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238
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Gastric Cancer Cell Lines Have Different MYC-Regulated Expression Patterns but Share a Common Core of Altered Genes. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5804376. [PMID: 30410872 PMCID: PMC6206580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5804376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is an oncogene responsible for excessive cell growth in cancer, enabling transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, and apoptosis, and is usually overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). By using siRNA and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), we identified MYC-regulated differentially expressed Genes (DEGs) in three Brazilian gastric cancer cell lines representing the histological subtypes of GC (diffuse, intestinal, and metastasis). The DEGs were picked using Sailfish software, followed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis using KEGG. We found 11 significantly enriched gene sets by using enrichment score (ES), False Discovery Rate (FDR), and nominal P-values. We identified a total of 5.471 DEGs with correlation over (80%). In diffuse-type and in metastatic GC cell lines, MYC-silencing caused DEGs downregulation, while the intestinal-type GC cells presented overall DEGs upregulation after MYC siRNA depletion. We were able to detect 11 significant gene sets when comparing our samples to the hallmark collection of gene expression, enriched mostly for the following hallmarks: proliferation, pathway, signaling, metabolic, and DNA damage response. When we analyzed our DEGs considering KEGG metabolic pathways, we found 12 common branches covering a wide range of biological functions, and three of them were common to all three cell lines: ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, ribosomes, and system and epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection. The GC cell lines used in this study share 14 MYC-regulated genes, but their gene expression profile is different for each histological subtype of GC. Our results present a computational analysis of MYC-related signatures in GC, and we present evidence that GC cell lines representing distinct histological subtypes of this disease have different MYC-regulated expression profiles but share a common core of altered genes. This is an important step towards the understanding of MYC's role in gastric carcinogenesis and an indication of probable new drug targets in stomach cancer.
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239
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Exploring major signaling cascades in melanomagenesis: a rationale route for targetted skin cancer therapy. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180511. [PMID: 30166456 PMCID: PMC6167501 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most melanoma cases may be treated by surgical intervention upon early diagnosis, a significant portion of patients can still be refractory, presenting low survival rates within 5 years after the discovery of the illness. As a hallmark, melanomas are highly prone to evolve into metastatic sites. Moreover, melanoma tumors are highly resistant to most available drug therapies and their incidence have increased over the years, therefore leading to public health concerns about the development of novel therapies. Therefore, researches are getting deeper in unveiling the mechanisms by which melanoma initiation can be triggered and sustained. In this context, important progress has been achieved regarding the roles and the impact of cellular signaling pathways in melanoma. This knowledge has provided tools for the development of therapies based on the intervention of signal(s) promoted by these cascades. In this review, we summarize the importance of major signaling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, Wnt, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and Notch) in skin homeostasis and melanoma progression. Available and developing melanoma therapies interfering with these signaling cascades are further discussed.
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240
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Zadra G, Loda M. Metabolic Vulnerabilities of Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a030569. [PMID: 29229664 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells hijack metabolic pathways to support bioenergetics and biosynthetic requirements for their uncontrolled growth. Thus, cancer can be considered as a metabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the main metabolic features of prostate cancer with a particular focus on the link between oncogene-directed cancer metabolic regulation, metabolism rewiring, and epigenetic regulation. The potential of using metabolic profiling as a means to predict disease behavior and to identify novel therapeutic targets and new diagnostic markers will be addressed as well as the current challenges in metabolomics analyses. Finally, diagnostic and prognostic metabolic imaging approaches, including positron emission tomography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and their translational applications, will be discussed. Here, we emphasize how targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in prostate cancer may pave the way for novel personalized diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215.,The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
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241
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Gruenbacher G, Thurnher M. Mevalonate Metabolism in Cancer Stemness and Trained Immunity. Front Oncol 2018; 8:394. [PMID: 30298120 PMCID: PMC6160868 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate metabolism provides cancer and immune cells with diverse products to ensure cell functionality. Similar metabolic reprogramming that raises mevalonate metabolism to higher levels appears to drive both, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells, a reverse differentiation program that generates cancer cells with stem cell properties, and immune cell training for increased responsiveness to secondary stimulation. In this review, we address how mevalonate metabolism supports cancer development and stemness on the one hand, and on the other promotes immune responsiveness. In view of this dual nature of mevalonate metabolism, strategies to manipulate this metabolic pathway as part of anti-cancer therapies require careful analysis of risks versus benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Research Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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242
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Henry KE, Dacek MM, Dilling TR, Caen JD, Fox IL, Evans MJ, Lewis JS. A PET Imaging Strategy for Interrogating Target Engagement and Oncogene Status in Pancreatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:166-176. [PMID: 30228208 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Physicians often rely on biopsy or CT to guide treatment decisions, but these techniques fail to reliably measure the actions of therapeutic agents in PDAC. KRAS mutations are present in >90% of PDAC and are connected to many signaling pathways through its oncogenic cascade, including extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MYC. A key downstream event of MYC is transferrin receptor (TfR), which has been identified as a biomarker for cancer therapeutics and imaging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we aimed to test whether zirconium-89 transferrin ([89Zr]Zr-Tf) could measure changes in MYC depending on KRAS status of PDAC, and assess target engagement of anti-MYC and anti-ERK-targeted therapies. RESULTS Mice bearing iKras*p53* tumors showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) uptake of [89Zr]Zr-Tf in mice withdrawn from inducible oncogenic KRAS. A therapy study with JQ1 showed a statistically significant decrease (P < 0.05) of [89Zr]Zr-Tf uptake in drug versus vehicle-treated mice bearing Capan-2 and Suit-2 xenografts. IHC analysis of resected PDAC tumors reflects the data observed via PET imaging and radiotracer biodistribution. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-Tf is a valuable tool to noninvasively assess oncogene status and target engagement of small-molecule inhibitors downstream of oncogenic KRAS, allowing a quantitative assessment of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Megan M Dacek
- Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Thomas R Dilling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan D Caen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian L Fox
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Evans
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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243
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Fitzgerald G, Soro-Arnaiz I, De Bock K. The Warburg Effect in Endothelial Cells and its Potential as an Anti-angiogenic Target in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:100. [PMID: 30255018 PMCID: PMC6141712 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) make up the lining of our blood vessels and they ensure optimal nutrient and oxygen delivery to the parenchymal tissue. In response to oxygen and/or nutrient deprivation, ECs become activated and sprout into hypo-vascularized tissues forming new vascular networks in a process termed angiogenesis. New sprouts are led by migratory tip cells and extended through the proliferation of trailing stalk cells. Activated ECs rewire their metabolism to cope with the increased energetic and biosynthetic demands associated with migration and proliferation. Moreover, metabolic signaling pathways interact and integrate with angiogenic signaling events. These metabolic adaptations play essential roles in determining EC fate and function, and are perturbed during pathological angiogenesis, as occurs in cancer. The angiogenic switch, or the growth of new blood vessels into an expanding tumor, increases tumor growth and malignancy. Limiting tumor angiogenesis has therefore long been a goal for anticancer therapy but the traditional growth factor targeted anti-angiogenic treatments have met with limited success. In recent years however, it has become increasingly recognized that focusing on altered tumor EC metabolism provides an attractive alternative anti-angiogenic strategy. In this review, we will describe the EC metabolic signature and how changes in EC metabolism affect EC fate during physiological sprouting, as well as in the cancer setting. Then, we will discuss the potential of targeting EC metabolism as a promising approach to develop new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Fitzgerald
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inés Soro-Arnaiz
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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244
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Carabet LA, Lallous N, Leblanc E, Ban F, Morin H, Lawn S, Ghaidi F, Lee J, Mills IG, Gleave ME, Rennie PS, Cherkasov A. Computer-aided drug discovery of Myc-Max inhibitors as potential therapeutics for prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 160:108-119. [PMID: 30326371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
While Myc is an essential regulator of growth in normal cells, it is also frequently associated with cancer progression, therapy-resistance and lethal outcomes in most human cancers. In prostate cancer (PCa), Myc transcription factors are implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the full spectrum of PCa, from adenocarcinoma to advanced castration-resistant and neuroendocrine phenotypes. Though a high-value therapeutic target, clinically approved anti-Myc drugs have yet to be discovered. To elicit its oncogenic effects, Myc must form a heterodimer with its partner Max, which together bind DNA and activate transcription of a spectrum of target genes that promote cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis while blocking differentiation. In this study, we identified a binding site on the DNA-binding domain of the structurally ordered Myc-Max complex and employed a computer-aided rational drug discovery approach to identify small molecules that effectively inhibit Myc-Max functionality. A large-scale virtual screening protocol implementing structure-based methodologies was utilized to select a set of top-ranked compounds that were subsequently evaluated experimentally and characterized mechanistically for their ability to inhibit Myc-Max transcriptional activity and subsequent downstream functions, to reduce viability in PCa cell lines, disrupt protein-DNA interactions and to induce apoptosis as their mechanism of action. Among compounds identified that effectively inhibit Myc-Max activity with low to mid-micromolar range potency and no or minimal generic cytotoxicity, VPC-70067, a close analog of the previously identified Myc inhibitor 10058-F4, served as proof-of-concept that our in silico drug discovery strategy performed as expected. Compound VPC-70063, of a chemically different scaffold, was the best performer in a panel of in vitro assays, and the forerunner for future hit-to-lead optimization efforts. These findings lay a foundation for developing more potent, specific and clinically optimized Myc-Max inhibitors that may serve as promising therapeutics, alone or in combination with current anti-cancer treatments, for treatment of specific phenotypes or heterogeneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A Carabet
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Nada Lallous
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Eric Leblanc
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Ban
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Helene Morin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sam Lawn
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Fariba Ghaidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Joseph Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ian G Mills
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3Z6, Canada.
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245
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Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Dependence in a Subset of Small Cell Lung Cancers. Cell Metab 2018; 28:369-382.e5. [PMID: 30043754 PMCID: PMC6125205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a rapidly lethal disease with few therapeutic options. We studied metabolic heterogeneity in SCLC to identify subtype-selective vulnerabilities. Metabolomics in SCLC cell lines identified two groups correlating with high or low expression of the Achaete-scute homolog-1 (ASCL1) transcription factor (ASCL1High and ASCL1Low), a lineage oncogene. Guanosine nucleotides were elevated in ASCL1Low cells and tumors from genetically engineered mice. ASCL1Low tumors abundantly express the guanosine biosynthetic enzymes inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase-1 and -2 (IMPDH1 and IMPDH2). These enzymes are transcriptional targets of MYC, which is selectively overexpressed in ASCL1Low SCLC. IMPDH inhibition reduced RNA polymerase I-dependent expression of pre-ribosomal RNA and potently suppressed ASCL1Low cell growth in culture, selectively reduced growth of ASCL1Low xenografts, and combined with chemotherapy to improve survival in genetic mouse models of ASCL1Low/MYCHigh SCLC. The data define an SCLC subtype-selective vulnerability related to dependence on de novo guanosine nucleotide synthesis.
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246
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Lan L, Wei W, Zheng Y, Niu L, Chen X, Huang D, Gao Y, Mo S, Lu J, Guo M, Liu Y, Lu B. Deferoxamine suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell growth via ERK1/2 mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:132-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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247
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Abstract
The genetic concept of synthetic lethality has now been validated clinically through the demonstrated efficacy of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of cancers in individuals with germline loss-of-function mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. Three different PARP inhibitors have now been approved for the treatment of patients with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer and one for those with BRCA-mutant breast cancer; these agents have also shown promising results in patients with BRCA-mutant prostate cancer. Here, we describe a number of other synthetic lethal interactions that have been discovered in cancer. We discuss some of the underlying principles that might increase the likelihood of clinical efficacy and how new computational and experimental approaches are now facilitating the discovery and validation of synthetic lethal interactions. Finally, we make suggestions on possible future directions and challenges facing researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ashworth
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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248
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Analysis of the Myc-induced pancreatic β cell islet tumor microenvironment using imaging ToF-SIMS. Biointerphases 2018; 13:06D402. [PMID: 30153736 DOI: 10.1116/1.5038574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are a structurally complex system, composed of many different cell types. The tumor microenvironment includes nonmalignant cell types that participate in complex interactions with tumor cells. The cross talk between tumor and normal cells is implicated in regulating cell growth, metastatic potential, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. A new approach is required to interrogate and quantitatively characterize cell to cell interactions in this complex environment. Here, the authors have applied time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to analyze Myc-induced pancreatic β cell islet tumors. The high mass resolution and micron spatial resolution of ToF-SIMS allows detection of metabolic intermediates such as lipids and amino acids. Employing multivariate analysis, specifically, principal component analysis, the authors show that it is possible to chemically distinguish cancerous islets from normal tissue, in addition to intratumor heterogeneity. These heterogeneities can then be imaged and investigated using another modality such as sum harmonic generation microscopy. Using these techniques with a specialized mouse model, the authors found significant metabolic changes occurring within β cell tumors and the surrounding tissues. Specific alterations of the lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism were observed, demonstrating that ToF-SIMS can be utilized to identify large-scale changes that occur in the tumor microenvironment and could thereby increase the understanding of tumor progression and the tumor microenvironment.
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249
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Chellini L, Monteleone V, Lombari M, Caldarola S, Loreni F. The oncoprotein Myc controls the phosphorylation of S6 kinase and AKT through protein phosphatase 2A. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9878-9887. [PMID: 30132971 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of Myc oncoprotein on the translational apparatus of the cell. Translation is an energy consuming process that involves a large number of accessory factors. The production of components of the protein synthesis machinery can be regulated at the transcriptional level by specific factors. It has been shown that the product of the oncogene Myc, a transcription factor frequently activated in cancer, can control translational activity through an increase in the transcription of the eIF4F complex components (eIF4E, eIF4AI, and eIF4GI). However, additional effects at the posttranslational level have also been described. For instance, it has been shown that Myc upregulation can induce mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) hyperphosphorylation. We induced overexpression or inhibition of Myc through transfection of complementary DNA constructs or specific small interfering RNA in PC3 (prostate carcinoma) and HeLa (cervical carcinoma) cells. We have observed that overexpression of Myc causes an increase in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and activation of protein synthesis. Unexpectedly, we detected a parallel decrease in the phosphorylation level of S6 kinase (in PC3 and HeLa) and AKT (in HeLa). We report evidence that these changes are mediated by an increase in protein phosphatase 2A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Chellini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Malinska Lombari
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Caldarola
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Loreni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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250
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Derenzini E, Mondello P, Erazo T, Portelinha A, Liu Y, Scallion M, Asgari Z, Philip J, Hilden P, Valli D, Rossi A, Djaballah H, Ouerfelli O, de Stanchina E, Seshan VE, Hendrickson RC, Younes A. BET Inhibition-Induced GSK3β Feedback Enhances Lymphoma Vulnerability to PI3K Inhibitors. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2155-2166. [PMID: 30134175 PMCID: PMC7456333 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-glycogen synthase kinase β (GSK3β) axis plays a central role in MYC-driven lymphomagenesis, and MYC targeting with bromodomain and extraterminal protein family inhibitors (BETi) is a promising treatment strategy in lymphoma. In a high-throughput combinatorial drug screening experiment, BETi enhance the antiproliferative effects of PI3K inhibitors in a panel of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma cell lines. BETi or MYC silencing upregulates several PI3K pathway genes and induces GSK3β S9 inhibitory phosphorylation, resulting in increased β-catenin protein abundance. Furthermore, BETi or MYC silencing increases GSK3β S9 phosphorylation levels and β-catenin protein abundance through downregulating the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes UBE2C and UBE2T. In a mouse xenograft DLBCL model, BETi decrease MYC, UBE2C, and UBE2T and increase phospho-GSK3β S9 levels, enhancing the anti-proliferative effect of PI3K inhibitors. Our study reveals prosurvival feedbacks induced by BETi involving GSK3β regulation, providing a mechanistic rationale for combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Derenzini
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Oncohematology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mondello
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatiana Erazo
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Portelinha
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Scallion
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Philip
- Proteomics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Hilden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debora Valli
- Oncohematology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Oncohematology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Hakim Djaballah
- High-Throughput Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman E Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Proteomics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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