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Belinchón I, Vanaclocha F, de la Cueva-Dobao P, Coto-Segura P, Labandeira J, Herranz P, Taberner R, Juliá B, Cea-Calvo L, Puig L. Metabolic syndrome in Spanish patients with psoriasis needing systemic therapy: Prevalence and association with cardiovascular disease in PSO-RISK, a cross-sectional study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2014; 26:318-25. [DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2014.983039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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202
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Keijsers RRMC, Joosten I, van Erp PEJ, Koenen HJPM, van de Kerkhof PCM. Cellular sources of IL-17 in psoriasis: a paradigm shift? Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:799-803. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romy R. M. C. Keijsers
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Laboratory of Medical Immunology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Laboratory of Medical Immunology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Piet E. J van Erp
- Department of Dermatology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Hans J. P. M. Koenen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Laboratory of Medical Immunology; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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203
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Bohensky M, Tacey M, Brand C, Sundararajan V, Wicks I, Van Doornum S. Statin initiation and treatment non-adherence following a first acute myocardial infarction in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease versus the general population. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:443. [PMID: 25256139 PMCID: PMC4201728 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare statin initiation and treatment non-adherence following a first acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) and the general population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a population-based linked database. Cases of first MI from July 2001 to June 2009 were identified based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-AM) codes. Statin initiation and adherence was identified based on pharmaceutical claims records. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of statin initiation by IRD status. Non-adherence was assessed as the time to first treatment gap using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS There were 18,518 individuals with an index MI over the time period surviving longer than 30 days, of whom 415 (2.2%) were IRD patients. The adjusted odds of receiving a statin by IRD status was significantly lower (OR =0.69, 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.86) compared to the general population. No association between IRD status and statin non-adherence was identified (hazard ratio (HR) =1.12, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.52). CONCLUSIONS Statin initiation was significantly lower for people with IRD conditions compared to the general population. Once initiated on statins, the proportion of IRD patients who adhered to treatment was similar to the general population. Given the burden of cardiovascular disease and excess mortality in IRD patients, encouraging the use of evidence-based therapies is critical for ensuring the best outcomes in this high risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bohensky
- />Melbourne EpiCentre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Level 7 E Block, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - Mark Tacey
- />Melbourne EpiCentre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Level 7 E Block, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - Caroline Brand
- />Melbourne EpiCentre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Level 7 E Block, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
- />Melbourne EpiCentre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vijaya Sundararajan
- />Department of Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- />Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Wicks
- />Rheumatology Unit, Melbourne Health & University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- />Inflammation Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Van Doornum
- />Melbourne EpiCentre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Level 7 E Block, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
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204
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The risk of ischemic stroke in major rheumatic disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 277:1-5. [PMID: 25266144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatic disorders (RD) are a range of conditions associated with inflammation of joints and connective tissue. They can manifest beyond the musculoskeletal system. Recent focus has been placed on the association of ischemic stroke with these conditions. Traditional vascular risk factors seem to be more prevalent in patients with certain types of RD than in the general population, but these factors do not fully explain the enhanced vascular risk in this population. Four major RD will be discussed in terms of their relationship with ischemic stroke: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis.
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205
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Eppinga H, Konstantinov SR, Peppelenbosch MP, Thio HB. The microbiome and psoriatic arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 16:407. [PMID: 24474190 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-013-0407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease, seen in combination with the chronic inflammatory skin disease psoriasis and belonging to the family of spondylarthritides (SpA). A link is recognized between psoriatic arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Environmental factors seem to induce inflammatory disease in individuals with underlying genetic susceptibility. The microbiome is a subject of increasing interest in the etiology of these inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. The intestinal microbiome is able to affect extra-intestinal distant sites, including the joints, through immunomodulation. At this point, evidence regarding a relationship between the microbiome and psoriatic arthritis is scarce. However, we hypothesize that common immune-mediated inflammatory pathways seen in the "skin-joint-gut axis" in psoriatic arthritis are induced or at least mediated by the microbiome. Th17 has a crucial function in this mechanism. Further establishment of this connection may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Eppinga
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, NL-3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,
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206
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Obesity in autoimmune diseases: Not a passive bystander. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:981-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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207
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Toussirot E, Aubin F, Dumoulin G. Relationships between Adipose Tissue and Psoriasis, with or without Arthritis. Front Immunol 2014; 5:368. [PMID: 25161652 PMCID: PMC4129363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Pso) is a common chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease involving the skin that is associated with serious comorbidities. Comorbidities in Pso include psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reduced quality of life, malignancy, depression, but also a constellation of associated conditions that enhance the cardiovascular (CV) risk. Indeed, obesity is common in patients with Pso or PsA and is considered to be a risk factor for the onset of these diseases. Patients with Pso and PsA share common obesity-related complications such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia, diabetes or insulin resistance, and CV diseases. Chronic inflammation in Pso and PsA partially explains the development of atherosclerosis and CV diseases. In parallel, body composition is disturbed in patients with Pso or PsA, as suggested by anthropometric measurements, while an excess of abdominal adiposity is observed in PsA, enhancing the risk of MetS and CV diseases. Adipokines may link the adipose tissue to the obesity-related complications of Pso and PsA. Indeed, altered circulating levels of the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, visfatine, and resistin have been found in patients with Pso or PsA. In addition, an excess of adipose tissue may compromise the therapeutic response to traditional drugs or biological agents in Pso and PsA. This paper reviews the comorbidities that contribute to enhanced CV risk, the body composition results, and the potential role of adipokines in systemic inflammation and energetic balance in Pso and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Toussirot
- Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy INSERM CIC-1431, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; Department of Therapeutics, University of Franche Comté , Besançon , France ; UPRES EA 4266 "Pathogens and Inflammation", University of Franche Comté , Besançon , France ; LabEX LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021 , Besançon , France
| | - François Aubin
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; University of Franche-Comté , Besançon , France
| | - Gilles Dumoulin
- Endocrine and Metabolic Biochemistry, University Hospital of Besançon , Besançon , France ; UPRES EA 3920 "Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Prevention", University of Franche Comté , Besançon , France
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208
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Complement C3 as a marker of cardiometabolic risk in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:653-60. [PMID: 24848273 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1467-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Complement C3 is an emerging risk factor in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. It is elevated in patients with cardiovascular disease, predicts future myocardial infarction, is closely related to insulin resistance and appears to be involved in atherogenesis. C3 levels have been associated with body fat. The aim of this study was to compare C3 levels in psoriasis patients and controls and to investigate within psoriasis patients the relationship between C3 levels with several measures of body fat, markers of cardiometabolic risk and subclinical atherosclerosis. Eighty adult patients with severe plaque-type psoriasis, without psoriatic arthritis or receiving systemic therapy/phototherapy in the previous 3 months, and 95 otherwise healthy patients were enrolled. Subjects with cardiovascular disease, other systemic inflammatory diseases, use of anti-inflammatory drugs or any infectious diseases in the 4 weeks prior to study enrollment were excluded. All subjects underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation and psoriasis patients underwent multidetector computed tomography scan for coronary artery calcification, abdominal fat and epicardial adipose tissue quantification. C3 levels were increased in psoriasis patients compared to controls (129.25 ± 20.92 vs 118.24 ± 17.86, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, sex and waist circumference (P = 0.043), indicating that this association was not solely mediated by the adipose tissue. Within psoriasis patients, C3 levels were independently associated with abdominal visceral fat, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and oxidized LDL-cholesterol, while C-reactive protein did not, showing that C3 may be a better marker of cardiometabolic risk than C-reactive protein. Although more studies are needed, C3 may be a useful marker of cardiometabolic risk in psoriasis.
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209
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Torres T, Bettencourt N, Mendonça D, Vasconcelos C, Gama V, Silva BM, Selores M. Epicardial adipose tissue and coronary artery calcification in psoriasis patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2014; 29:270-277. [PMID: 24750319 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease associated with several cardio-metabolic comorbidities, accelerated atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Other causes beyond systemic inflammation and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) may be implicated in the increased risk of CVD observed in these patients. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a type of visceral adipose tissue surrounding the heart and coronary vessels has been implicated in the development of coronary artery disease, by endocrine mechanisms, but particularly by local inflammation. OBJECTIVE To compare EAT volumes in psoriasis patients and controls using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to analyse if eventual differences were independent from abdominal visceral adiposity; to determine, within psoriasis patients, its relation with subclinical atherosclerosis and other markers of cardiometabolic risk. METHODS One hundred patients with severe psoriasis, without CVD underwent MDCT, with EAT and abdominal visceral fat (AVF) assessment and coronary artery calcification (CAC) quantification and were compared with 202 control patients. RESULTS EAT volume was increased in psoriasis patients compared to control subjects, independently from age, sex and AVF, being, on average, 15.2 ± 4.41 mL higher (95% CI: 6.5-26.0, P = 0.001) than in controls. Moreover, psoriasis patients had a statistically significant higher risk of having subclinical atherosclerosis (OR 2.52, 95% CI: 1.23-5.16) than controls, after adjusting for traditional CVRF. Within psoriasis patients EAT volume was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, independently of age, sex, psoriasis duration, classical CVRF and AVF. CONCLUSION This study showed that psoriasis was associated with increased EAT volume independently of visceral abdominal fat and with subclinical atherosclerosis. Within psoriasis patients EAT volume was independently associated with CAC. EAT may be another important contributor to the higher cardiovascular risk observed in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Torres
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Bettencourt
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Mendonça
- Department of Population Studies, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Vasconcelos
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Gama
- Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Gaia/Espinho, Porto, Portugal
| | - B M Silva
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Investigation in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Immunogenetics Laboratory, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Selores
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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210
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Eder L, Gladman DD. Predictors for clinical outcome in psoriatic arthritis – what have we learned from cohort studies? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:763-70. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.905741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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211
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Merola JF, Wu S, Han J, Choi HK, Qureshi AA. Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and risk of gout in US men and women. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1495-500. [PMID: 24651620 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Individuals with psoriasis have increased blood levels of uric acid. However, there is no prospective data on the association between psoriasis and uric acid levels and subsequent development of gout. In this study, we examined the risk of gout among individuals with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in two cohorts of men and women, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (1986-2010) and Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1998-2010). METHODS 27 751 men and 71 059 women were included in the analysis. Lifetime history of physician-diagnosed incident psoriasis and PsA was confirmed by validated supplementary questionnaires. Incident gout diagnoses were confirmed based on the American College of Rheumatology survey criteria. We used Cox proportional hazards models controlling for potential risk factors to calculate the HRs with 95% CIs of incident gout while simultaneously adjusting for several common risk factors. RESULTS We documented 2217 incident cases of gout during follow-up. Psoriasis was associated with an increased risk of subsequent gout with a multivariate HR of 1.71 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.15) in the pooled analysis. Risk of gout was substantially augmented among those with psoriasis and concomitant PsA (pooled multivariate HR: 4.95, 95% CI 2.72 to 9.01) when compared to participants without psoriasis. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study of US women and men, psoriasis and PsA were associated with an increased risk of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Merola
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyon K Choi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Section of Rheumatology and the Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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212
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Pancar Yuksel E, Yuksel S, Yenercag M, Soylu K, Aydin F, Senturk N, Yucel H, Canturk T, Turanli AY. Impaired heart rate recovery indices in psoriasis patients. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:350-4. [PMID: 24584215 PMCID: PMC3945009 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The heart rate recovery index (HRRI) is an indicator of autonomic nervous system function and is an independent prognostic risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the heart rate recovery indices in patients with psoriasis. Material/methods Thirty-three psoriasis patients (22 male; mean age 41±11 years) and 26 healthy individuals (15 male; mean age 39±11 years) as a control group were included in the study. Baseline electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiographic examinations, and exercise stress tests were performed in psoriasis and control groups. The heart rate recovery of the psoriasis group at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after maximal exercise were calculated and compared to those of the control group. Results Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of psoriasis and control groups including age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and echocardiographic parameters were similar. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the psoriasis group (p<0.05). Heart rate recovery at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after maximal exercise were found to be significantly lower in the psoriasis group (p<0.05). Additionally, baseline heart rates before exercise were significantly higher in the psoriasis group (p<0.05). Conclusions We found that impaired HRRI in psoriasis patients, which indicates the underlying autonomic nervous system dysfunction, is a pathophysiologic mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Pancar Yuksel
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yuksel
- Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yenercag
- Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Korhan Soylu
- Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Fatma Aydin
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Senturk
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Huriye Yucel
- Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Tayyar Canturk
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yasar Turanli
- Department of Dermatology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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213
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Marinoni B, Ceribelli A, Massarotti MS, Selmi C. The Th17 axis in psoriatic disease: pathogenetic and therapeutic implications. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2014; 5:9-19. [PMID: 26000152 PMCID: PMC4389010 DOI: 10.1007/s13317-013-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis represent two paradigmatic conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and possibly autoimmunity, despite the absence of known serum autoantibodies. The two diseases, albeit strongly correlated from clinical, genetic, and epidemiogical standpoints, manifest significant differences in terms of etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms. Nonetheless, Th17 cells appear crucial to both diseases, and IL23 is the cytokine involved in determining the fate of naive CD4+ cells to differentiate into a pathogenic phenotype. This basic experimental observation led to a clear understanding of the immune dysfunction causing psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis but, more importantly, also led to new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, monoclonal antibodies directed to IL12/IL23 (ustekinumab) or IL17 (secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab) are being investigated or have proven to be beneficial for patients with psoriatic disease, thus further supporting the view that Th17 cells play a pivotal role in disease onset and perpetuation. These most recent reports indeed represent significant developments that may allow overcoming the TNFα pathway as the major therapeutic target in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Marinoni
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan Italy
- Biometra Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan Italy
- Biometra Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco S. Massarotti
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan Italy
- Biometra Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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214
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Richard MA, Barnetche T, Horreau C, Brenaut E, Pouplard C, Aractingi S, Aubin F, Cribier B, Joly P, Jullien D, Le Maître M, Misery L, Ortonne JP, Paul C. Psoriasis, cardiovascular events, cancer risk and alcohol use: evidence-based recommendations based on systematic review and expert opinion. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27 Suppl 3:2-11. [PMID: 23845148 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between psoriasis, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular risk and risk of cancer has long been debated. In addition, it has been suggested that alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for psoriasis onset and severity. The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations on the risk of comorbidities and its management for daily clinical use, focusing on cardiovascular risk, risk of cancer and alcohol use in psoriasis. A scientific committee identified and selected through the Delphi method clinically relevant questions about cardiovascular risk, risk of cancer and alcohol use in psoriasis. To address these questions, a systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases. Systematic literature reviews including meta-analysis whenever possible were performed. Subsequently, an Expert board meeting involving 39 dermatologists took place to analyse the evidence and to elaborate recommendations on the selected questions. Recommendations were graded according to the Oxford level of evidence grading system. The degree of agreement of these recommendations was assessed on a 10-point scale, as well as their potential impact on daily clinical practice. A total of 3242 articles were identified through the systematic literature searches, among which 110 were included in the systematic reviews. Overall, 12 recommendations were elaborated regarding comorbidities management in psoriasis patients. A moderate increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), mainly myocardial infarction (MI) [meta-analysis of cohort studies: OR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.03-1.52) and of cross-sectional studies: OR = 1.57 (95% CI 1.08-2.27)], and coronary artery disease (CAD) [meta-analysis of cross-sectional: OR = 1.19 (95% CI 1.14-1.24), of cohort studies: OR = 1.20 (95% CI 1.13-1.27) and of case-control studies: OR = 1.84 (95% CI 1.09-3.09)] was acknowledged. This increased cardiovascular risk requires appropriate prevention measures. There was a lack of substantial evidence that conventional systemic treatment has any effect on cardiovascular risk although methotrexate might be cardioprotective. An increased risk of solid cancer potentially associated with smoking and alcohol use was identified. The role of systemic treatment on cancer risk could not be assessed thoroughly due to limited long-term follow-up data. A higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancers especially squamous cell carcinoma was shown, mainly due to previous exposure to oral 8-methoxypsoralen-ultraviolet-A (PUVA), ciclosporin and possibly methotrexate. No firm conclusion could be drawn regarding alcohol and psoriasis due to high variability in alcohol usage assessment in studies. Clinical experience suggests higher alcohol consumption among psoriasis patients compared to the general population. The mean expert participants' level of agreement on these recommendations varied from 6.8 to 9.4. These 12 recommendations are evidence based and supported by a panel of expert dermatologists. The next step is now to disseminate these recommendations to dermatologists who did not participate in the Expert board meeting and to assess their opinion about the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Richard
- UMR 911, INSERM CRO2 and Dermatology Department, Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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215
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Richard MA, Paul C. Cardiovascular morbidity, risk of cancer and alcohol abuse in psoriasis: systematic literature reviews and expert opinion. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 27 Suppl 3:1. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-A. Richard
- Aix-Marseille University; UMR 911, INSERM CRO2 and Dermatology Department; Timone Hospital; Marseille France
| | - C. Paul
- Dermatology Department; Paul Sabatier University; UMR CNRS 5165; INSERM 1056; Toulouse France
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