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Wavelength-scale ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging using a high-order harmonic source. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1735. [PMID: 30742029 PMCID: PMC6370773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ptychography enables coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) of extended samples by raster scanning across the illuminating XUV/X-ray beam, thereby generalizing the unique advantages of CDI techniques. Table-top realizations of this method are urgently needed for many applications in sciences and industry. Previously, it was only possible to image features much larger than the illuminating wavelength with table-top ptychography although knife-edge tests suggested sub-wavelength resolution. However, most real-world imaging applications require resolving of the smallest and closely-spaced features of a sample in an extended field of view. In this work, resolving features as small as 2.5 λ (45 nm) using a table-top ptychography setup is demonstrated by employing a high-order harmonic XUV source with record-high photon flux. For the first time, a Rayleigh-type criterion is used as a direct and unambiguous resolution metric for high-resolution table-top setup. This reliably qualifies this imaging system for real-world applications e.g. in biological sciences, material sciences, imaging integrated circuits and semiconductor mask inspection.
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202
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Dacasa H, Coudert-Alteirac H, Guo C, Kueny E, Campi F, Lahl J, Peschel J, Wikmark H, Major B, Malm E, Alj D, Varjú K, Arnold CL, Dovillaire G, Johnsson P, L'Huillier A, Maclot S, Rudawski P, Zeitoun P. Single-shot extreme-ultraviolet wavefront measurements of high-order harmonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2656-2670. [PMID: 30732300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We perform wavefront measurements of high-order harmonics using an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) Hartmann sensor and study how their spatial properties vary with different generation parameters, such as pressure in the nonlinear medium, fundamental pulse energy and duration as well as beam size. In some conditions, excellent wavefront quality (up to λ/11) was obtained. The high throughput of the intense XUV beamline at the Lund Laser Centre allows us to perform single-shot measurements of both the full harmonic beam generated in argon and individual harmonics selected by multilayer mirrors. We theoretically analyze the relationship between the spatial properties of the fundamental and those of the generated high-order harmonics, thus gaining insight into the fundamental mechanisms involved in high-order harmonic generation (HHG).
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203
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Wahlstrand JK, Jhajj N, Milchberg HM. Controlling femtosecond filament propagation using externally driven gas motion. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:199-202. [PMID: 30644860 PMCID: PMC6547820 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermal density depression (or "density hole") produced by a high-repetition-rate femtosecond filament in air acts as a negative lens, altering the propagation of the filament. We demonstrate the effects of externally driven gas motion on these density holes and the resulting filament steering, and we derive an expression for the gas velocity that maximizes the effect. At gas velocities more than ∼3 times this value, the density hole is displaced from the filament, and it no longer affects filament propagation. We demonstrate density hole displacement using an audio speaker-driven sound wave, leading to a controllable, repeatable deflection of the filament. Applications are discussed, including quasi-phase matching in gas-based nonlinear optics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of femtosecond filament propagation control through controlled motion of the nonlinear medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Wahlstrand
- lnstitutefor Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Currently with Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - N. Jhajj
- lnstitutefor Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - H. M. Milchberg
- lnstitutefor Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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204
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Kleine C, Ekimova M, Goldsztejn G, Raabe S, Strüber C, Ludwig J, Yarlagadda S, Eisebitt S, Vrakking MJJ, Elsaesser T, Nibbering ETJ, Rouzée A. Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions Using a Table-Top Femtosecond Soft X-ray Source. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:52-58. [PMID: 30547598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the feasibility of soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the water window using a table-top laser-based approach with organic molecules and inorganic salts in aqueous solution. A high-order harmonic source delivers femtosecond pulses of short wavelength radiation in the photon energy range from 220 to 450 eV. We report static soft X-ray absorption measurements in transmission on the solvated compounds O=C(NH2)2, CaCl2, and NaNO3 using flatjet technology. We monitor the absorption of the molecular samples between the carbon (∼280 eV) and nitrogen (∼400 eV) K-edges and compare our results with previous measurements performed at the BESSYII facility. We discuss the roles of pulse stability and photon flux in the outcome of our experiments. Our work paves the way toward table-top femtosecond, solution-phase soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the water window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Kleine
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gildas Goldsztejn
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian Raabe
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christian Strüber
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan Ludwig
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Suresh Yarlagadda
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Marc J J Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thomas Elsaesser
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Erik T J Nibbering
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie , Max-Born-Strasse 2a , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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205
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Ciriolo AG, Martínez Vázquez R, Crippa G, Faccialà D, Negro M, Devetta M, Pereira Lopes D, Pusala A, Vozzi C, Osellame R, Stagira S. High-order harmonic generation in femtosecond laser micromachined devices. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920502007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of high-order harmonics in a fused-silica device fabricated through femtosecond laser micromachining. This achievement paves the way for the miniaturization of HHG applications from large-scale laboratories to microstructures.
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206
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Murnane MM, Ye J. Coherent light brightens the quantum science frontier. PHYSICS TODAY 2019; 72:10.1063/pt.3.4140. [PMID: 33299256 PMCID: PMC7722474 DOI: 10.1063/pt.3.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling coherent light across a vast spectral range enables ultraprecise measurements and the quantum control of atomic, molecular, and condensed-matter systems.
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207
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Deng B, Yan J, Zhang Q, Sang Y, Deng H. Proposal of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism using broadband free-electron lasers. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1-10. [PMID: 30655462 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518015175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have been widely used for applications such as X-ray crystallography and magnetic spin probes because of their unprecedented performance. Recently, time-resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) with ultrafast XFEL pulses have made it possible to achieve an instantaneous view of atomic de-excitation. However, owing to the narrow bandwidth and coherence of XFELs, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and XMCD are time- and effort-consuming for both machine scientists and users of XFELs. In this work, an efficient scheme using a broadband XFEL pulse and single-shot X-ray spectrometer is proposed, in which the XAS and XMCD measurements can be accomplished with the same machine conditions. An evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to maximize the XFEL bandwidth offered by the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL user facility without additional hardware. A numerical example using MnO is demonstrated, showing that, by using approximately 1000 consecutive XFEL shots with a central photon energy of 650 eV and full bandwidth of 4.4%, precise spectral measurements for XAS and XMCD can be achieved. Additional considerations related to single-shot XAS and XMCD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjie Deng
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Zhang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Sang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiao Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
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208
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Helk T, Zürch M, Spielmann C. Perspective: Towards single shot time-resolved microscopy using short wavelength table-top light sources. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:010902. [PMID: 30868083 PMCID: PMC6404932 DOI: 10.1063/1.5082686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved imaging allows revealing the interaction mechanisms in the microcosm of both inorganic and biological objects. While X-ray microscopy has proven its advantages for resolving objects beyond what can be achieved using optical microscopes, dynamic studies using full-field imaging at the nanometer scale are still in their infancy. In this perspective, we present the current state of the art techniques for full-field imaging in the extreme-ultraviolet- and soft X-ray-regime which are suitable for single exposure applications as they are paramount for studying dynamics in nanoscale systems. We evaluate the performance of currently available table-top sources, with special emphasis on applications, photon flux, and coherence. Examples for applications of single shot imaging in physics, biology, and industrial applications are discussed.
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209
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Wang B, He L, Yuan H, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Carrier-envelope phase-dependent molecular high-order harmonic generation from H2+ in a multi-cycle regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33440-33452. [PMID: 30645496 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependence of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from H2+ in a multi-cycle laser pulse is investigated by solving the non-Born-Oppenheimer time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). It is found that high harmonics in the plateau exhibit counterintuitive frequency modulation (FM) as the CEP of the multi-cycle laser varies. Based on the classical electron trajectories and time-frequency analysis, this multi-cycle CEP-dependent FM is demonstrated to result from the interference of half-cycle HHG radiations, which is modulated by laser-driven nuclear motion. The mechanism of the CEP-dependent FM is further confirmed by simulations based on a simple algorithm in the time domain, which satisfactorily reproduces the TDSE results. The CEP-dependent FM encodes rich information on the correlated electron and nuclear dynamics, which paves the way for probing nuclear motion with attosecond resolution.
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210
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Chang Z. Attosecond chirp compensation in water window by plasma dispersion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:33238-33244. [PMID: 30645479 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.033238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compensating attosecond chirp (atto-chirp) of broadband high-order harmonic pulses in the water window region (282 to 533 eV) is a major challenge, due to the lack of natural materials that exhibit negative group velocity dispersion and low loss. Analysis shows that the amount of dispersion of fully ionized hydrogen plasma with suitable density-length product is sufficient to compensate the chirp of attosecond pulses with center photon energy above 300 eV. This is confirmed by numerical simulations based on the Strong Field Approximation.
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211
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Abstract
The emerging research field of attosecond science allows for the temporal investigation of one of the fastest dynamics in nature: electron dynamics in matter. These dynamics are responsible for chemical and biological processes, and the ability to understand and control them opens a new door of fundamental science, with the possibility to influence all lives if medical issues can thereby be addressed. Multilayer optics are key elements in attosecond experiments; they are used to tailor attosecond pulses with well-defined characteristics to facilitate detailed and accurate insight into processes, e.g., photoemission, Auger decay, or (core-) excitons. Based on the investigations and research efforts from the past several years, multilayer mirrors today are routinely used optical elements in attosecond beamlines. As a consequence, the generation of ultrashort pulses, combined with their dispersion control, has proceeded from the femtosecond range in the visible/infrared spectra to the attosecond range, covering the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray photon range up to the water window. This article reviews our work on multilayer optics over the past several years, as well as the impact from other research groups, to reflect on the scientific background of their nowadays routine use in attosecond physics.
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212
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Gaida C, Gebhardt M, Heuermann T, Stutzki F, Jauregui C, Limpert J. Ultrafast thulium fiber laser system emitting more than 1 kW of average power. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5853-5856. [PMID: 30499950 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report on the generation of 1060 W average power from an ultrafast thulium-doped fiber chirped pulse amplification system. After compression, the pulse energy of 13.2 μJ with a pulse duration of 265 fs at an 80 MHz pulse repetition rate results in a peak power of 50 MW spectrally centered at 1960 nm. Even though the average heat-load in the fiber core is as high as 98 W/m, we confirm the diffraction-limited beam quality of the compressed output. Furthermore, the evolution of the relative intensity noise with increasing average output power has been measured to verify the absence of transversal mode instabilities. This system represents a new average power record for thulium-doped fiber lasers (1150 W uncompressed) and ultrashort pulse fiber lasers with diffraction-limited beam quality, in general, even considering single-channel ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers.
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213
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Mitrofanov AV, Sidorov-Biryukov DA, Rozhko MV, Ryabchuk SV, Voronin AA, Zheltikov AM. High-order harmonic generation from a solid-surface plasma by relativistic-intensity sub-100-fs mid-infrared pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5571-5574. [PMID: 30439897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in plasmas induced by ultrashort, relativistic-intensity laser pulses on solid surfaces can provide an efficient source of attosecond pulses and opens routes toward new regimes of laser-matter interactions, x-ray generation, laser particle acceleration, and relativistic nonlinear optics. However, field intensities in the range of Irel∼1019 W/cm2 are typically needed to achieve the relativistic regime of HHG in experiments with near-infrared laser pulses. Here, we show that, in the mid-infrared range, due to the λ-2 scaling of Irel with the driver wavelength λ, relativistic HHG can be observed at much lower levels of laser field intensities. High-peak-power 80-fs, 3.9-μm pulses are focused in our experiments on a solid surface to provide field intensities in the range of 1017 W/cm2. Remarkably, this level of field intensities, considered as low by the standards of relativistic optics in the near infrared, is shown to be sufficient for generation of high-order harmonics with signature properties of relativistic HHG-beam directionality, spectra with extended plateaus, and a high HHG yield sustained for both p- and s-polarized driver fields.
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214
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Jargot G, Daher N, Lavenu L, Delen X, Forget N, Hanna M, Georges P. Self-compression in a multipass cell. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5643-5646. [PMID: 30439915 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate self-compression of short-wavelength infrared pulses in a multipass cell (MPC) containing a plate of silica. Nonlinear propagation in the cell in the anomalous dispersion regime results in the generation of 14 μJ 22 fs pulses at 125 kHz repetition rate and 1550 nm wavelength. Periodic focusing inside the cell allows us to circumvent catastrophic self-focusing, despite an output peak power of 440 MW well beyond the critical power in silica of 10 MW. This technique allows straightforward energy scaling of self-compression setups and control over the spatial manifestation of Kerr nonlinearity. More generally, MPCs can be used to perform, at higher energy levels, temporal manipulations of pulses that have been previously demonstrated in waveguides.
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215
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Jayachander Rao B, Cho M. Effect of vibrational pre-excitation on sub-femtosecond structural evolution of water cation in 2A1 state. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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216
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Jain A, Gaumnitz T, Kheifets A, Wörner HJ. Using a passively stable attosecond beamline for relative photoemission time delays at high XUV photon energies. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28604-28620. [PMID: 30470034 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present and demonstrate an experimental scheme that enables overlap-free reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) measurements at high extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) photon energies. A compact passively-stabilized attosecond beamline employing a multilayer (ML) mirror allows us to obtain XUV pulses consisting of only two odd high-harmonic orders from an attosecond pulse train (APT). We compare our new technique to existing schemes that are used to perform RABBITT measurements and discuss how our scheme resolves the limitations imposed by spectral complexity of the harmonic comb at high photon energies. We further demonstrate first applications of our scheme for rare gases and gas mixtures, and show that this scheme can be extended to gas-molecule mixtures.
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217
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Thiré N, Maksimenka R, Kiss B, Ferchaud C, Gitzinger G, Pinoteau T, Jousselin H, Jarosch S, Bizouard P, Di Pietro V, Cormier E, Osvay K, Forget N. Highly stable, 15 W, few-cycle, 65 mrad CEP-noise mid-IR OPCPA for statistical physics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:26907-26915. [PMID: 30469768 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.026907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a 100 kHz optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier delivering under 4-cycle (38 fs) pulses at ~3.2 µm with an average power of 15.2 W with a pulse-to-pulse energy stability <0.7% rms and a single-shot CEP noise of 65 mrad RMS over 8h. This source is continuously monitored, by using a fast 100 kHz data acquisition device, and presents an extreme stability, in the short and long terms.
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218
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Bigler N, Pupeikis J, Hrisafov S, Gallmann L, Phillips CR, Keller U. High-power OPCPA generating 1.7 cycle pulses at 2.5 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:26750-26757. [PMID: 30469755 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.026750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-power mid-infrared (mid-IR) optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier (OPCPA) generating 14.4 fs pulses centered at 2.5 µm with an average power of 12.6 W and a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The short pulses are obtained without nonlinear pulse compression. This is in contrast to most few-cycle systems operating in the mid-IR. In our case, the ultrashort pulse duration is enabled by a careful design of the gain profile of each amplification stage as well as a precise control of the signal dispersion throughout the system. A pulse shaper is used in the seed beam to adjust the spectral phase at the output of the OPCPA system. This approach allows for a clean temporal profile leading to a high peak power of 6.3 GW.
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219
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Bahar E, Ding X, Dahan A, Suchowski H, Moses J. Adiabatic four-wave mixing frequency conversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25582-25601. [PMID: 30469658 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the concept of adiabatic four-wave mixing (AFMW) frequency conversion in cubic nonlinear media through an analogy to dynamics in quantum two-level systems. Rapid adiabatic passage in four-wave mixing enables coherent near-100% photon number down-conversion or up-conversion over a bandwidth much larger than ordinary phase-matching bandwidths, overcoming the normal efficiency-bandwidth trade-off. We develop numerical methods to simulate AFWM pulse propagation in silicon photonics and fiber platforms as examples. First, we show that with a longitudinally varying silicon waveguide structure, a bandwidth of 70 nm centered at 1820 nm can be generated with 90% photon number conversion. Second, we predict the broadband generation of nanojoule energy, 4.2-5.2 μm mid-infrared light in a short, linearly tapered fluoride step-index fiber. We expect the AFWM concept to be broadly applicable to cubic nonlinear platforms, for applications as diverse as bright ultrafast light pulse generation, sensing, and conversion between telecommunications bands.
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220
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Heiner Z, Petrov V, Steinmeyer G, Vrakking MJJ, Mero M. 100-kHz, dual-beam OPA delivering high-quality, 5-cycle angular-dispersion-compensated mid-infrared idler pulses at 3.1 µm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:25793-25804. [PMID: 30469675 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.025793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a dual-beam infrared optical parametric source featuring a noncollinear KTA booster amplifier and straightforward angular dispersion compensation of the idler beam. Through careful beam and pulse characterization, and high-harmonic generation in a crystalline solid, we show that the corrected idler beam is diffraction-limited, astigmatism-free, and compressible to its transform-limited, 5-cycle pulse duration. Pumped by only 40-µJ pulses at 1.03 µm, the parametric source delivers 7.8-µJ, 38-fs, 1.53-µm and 2.3-µJ, 53-fs, CEP-stable, 3.1-µm pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The scheme provides a promising route to scale the pulse energy and average power beyond PPLN- or KTA-based collinear OPA architectures.
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221
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Northey T, Duffield J, Penfold TJ. Non-equilibrium x-ray spectroscopy using direct quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:124107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5047487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Northey
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - J. Duffield
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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222
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Fast stabilization of a high-energy ultrafast OPA with adaptive lenses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14317. [PMID: 30254247 PMCID: PMC6156574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fast closed-loop adaptive optics has improved the performance of optical systems since its first application. Here we demonstrate the amplitude and carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a high energy IR optical parametric amplifier devoted to Attosecond Science exploiting two high speed adaptive optical systems for the correction of static and dynamic instabilities. The exploitation of multi actuator adaptive lenses allowed for a minimal impact on the optical setup.
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223
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Rosolen G, Wong LJ, Rivera N, Maes B, Soljačić M, Kaminer I. Metasurface-based multi-harmonic free-electron light source. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:64. [PMID: 30245811 PMCID: PMC6143620 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are subwavelength spatial variations in geometry and material where the structures are of negligible thickness compared to the wavelength of light and are optimized for far-field applications, such as controlling the wavefronts of electromagnetic waves. Here, we investigate the potential of the metasurface near-field profile, generated by an incident few-cycle pulse laser, to facilitate the generation of high-frequency light from free electrons. In particular, the metasurface near-field contains higher-order spatial harmonics that can be leveraged to generate multiple higher-harmonic X-ray frequency peaks. We show that the X-ray spectral profile can be arbitrarily shaped by controlling the metasurface geometry, the electron energy, and the incidence angle of the laser input. Using ab initio simulations, we predict bright and monoenergetic X-rays, achieving energies of 30 keV (with harmonics spaced by 3 keV) from 5-MeV electrons using 3.4-eV plasmon polaritons on a metasurface with a period of 85 nm. As an example, we present the design of a four-color X-ray source, a potential candidate for tabletop multicolor hard X-ray spectroscopy. Our developments could help pave the way for compact multi-harmonic sources of high-energy photons, which have potential applications in industry, medicine, and the fundamental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Rosolen
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Liang Jie Wong
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore, 138634 Singapore
| | - Nicholas Rivera
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Bjorn Maes
- Micro- and Nanophotonic Materials Group, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000 Israel
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224
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Aulin YV, Tuladhar A, Borguet E. Ultrabroadband mid-infrared noncollinear difference frequency generation in a silver thiogallate crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4402-4405. [PMID: 30211875 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of ultrabroadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses by noncollinear difference frequency mixing. The signal and the idler output beams of an optical parametric amplifier are combined in a silver thiogallate crystal (AgGaS2) to generate mid-infrared radiation. We show that a noncollinear geometry facilitates broadband phase matching. Spectral bandwidths up to 1750 cm-1 were obtained at an external noncollinear angle of 4.2 deg, which is more than three times broader than in a collinear geometry. The broadband spectrum is tunable in the range of 1500-4500 cm-1. Pulse energies up to 1 μJ were achieved. The broadband pulses were used in sum frequency generation in ZnSe and in vibrational absorption spectroscopy experiments of liquid samples.
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225
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Jin C, Chen MC, Sun HW, Lin CD. Extension of water-window harmonic cutoff by laser defocusing-assisted phase matching. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4433-4436. [PMID: 30211883 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We extend a recently demonstrated scheme [Optica4, 976 (2017)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.4.000976] to overcome the limit of conventional harmonic cutoff for different pulse durations, laser wavelengths, and gas targets. By tuning the truncation of long wavelength lasers, we show that the defocusing-assisted phase matching (DAPM) can be achieved in a tightly focused beam and highly ionized short gas cell, and can be used to effectively extend the harmonic cutoff energy and optimize its yield. An analysis of phase matching reveals that at longer wavelengths, greater cutoff extension to the water window region is achieved because of the larger harmonic intrinsic phase (proportional to the cube of laser wavelength), and because DAPM works at relatively higher laser intensities using a Ne target. This scheme provides a promising method for efficiently generating intense attosecond light sources in the extreme ultraviolet to x-rays.
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226
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Bai Z, Wang Y, Jin D, Wang H, Yuan H, Lin D, Lu Z. Pulse compression to one-tenth of phonon lifetime using quasi-steady-state stimulated Brillouin scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:23051-23060. [PMID: 30184961 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) compression mechanism, quasi-steady-state SBS compression, in which the compression limit is one-tenth of the phonon lifetime with a high energy efficiency, is proposed and practically realized in this study. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated experimentally, in which a compression of 0.36τB with an energy efficiency of 65% is achieved in a 3M Fluorinert Electronic Liquid FC-3283 and a compression output of 0.12τB (near-compression-limited) with an energy efficiency above 40% is obtained in acetone when the phonon lifetime to leading-edge to ratio is greater than 10. This ratio is identified experimentally as the key parameter in quasi-steady-state SBS compression. This work provides a practical approach to reliably generating one-tenth-phonon-lifetime pulses by quasi-steady-state SBS compression.
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227
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Ultrafast Dynamics of High-Harmonic Generation in Terms of Complex Floquet Spectral Analysis. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10080313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the high-harmonic generation (HHG) of a two-level-system (TLS) driven by an intense monochromatic phase-locked laser based on complex spectral analysis with the Floquet method. In contrast with phenomenological approaches, this analysis deals with the whole process as a coherent quantum process based on microscopic dynamics. We have obtained the time-frequency resolved spectrum of spontaneous HHG single-photon emission from an excited TLS driven by a laser field. Characteristic spectral features of the HHG, such as the plateau and cutoff, are reproduced by the present model. Because the emitted high-harmonic photon is represented as a superposition of different frequencies, the Fano profile appears in the long-time spectrum as a result of the quantum interference of the emitted photon. We reveal that the condition of the quantum interference depends on the initial phase of the driving laser field. We have also clarified that the change in spectral features from the short-time regime to the long-time regime is attributed to the interference between the interference from the Floquet resonance states and the dressed radiation field.
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228
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Johnson AS, Wood D, Austin DR, Brahms C, Gregory A, Holzner KB, Jarosch S, Larsen EW, Parker S, Strüber C, Ye P, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP. Apparatus for soft x-ray table-top high harmonic generation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:083110. [PMID: 30184663 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable recent interest in tabletop soft X-ray attosecond sources enabled by the new generation of intense, few-cycle laser sources at operating wavelengths longer than 800 nm. In our recent work [Johnson et al., Sci. Adv. 4(5), eaar3761 (2018)], we have demonstrated a new regime for the generation of X-ray attosecond pulses in the water window (284-540 eV) by high-harmonic generation, which resulted in soft X-ray fluxes of ≈109 photons/s and a maximum photon energy of 600 eV, an order of magnitude and 50 eV higher, respectively, than previously attained with few-cycle drivers. Here we present the key elements of our apparatus for the generation and detection of soft X-ray high harmonic radiation in the water window. Of critical importance is a differentially pumped gas target capable of supporting the multi-atmospheric pressures required to phase-match the high energy emission while strongly constraining the gas density, suppressing the effects of ionization and absorption outside the interaction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan S Johnson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dane R Austin
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Brahms
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin B Holzner
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Esben W Larsen
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Parker
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Strüber
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Ye
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John W G Tisch
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jon P Marangos
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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229
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Ren X, Mach LH, Yin Y, Wang Y, Chang Z. Generation of 1 kHz, 2.3 mJ, 88 fs, 2.5 μm pulses from a Cr 2+:ZnSe chirped pulse amplifier. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3381-3384. [PMID: 30004511 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of 2.3 mJ, 88 fs, 2.5 μm laser pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate from a three-stage chirped pulse amplifier employing Cr2+:ZnSe crystals as the active gain media. 5 μJ seed of the amplifier is obtained via intrapulse difference frequency generation in a bismuth triborate (BIBO) crystal from spectrally broadened Ti:Sapphire amplifier output. A multi-pass amplifier followed by two single-pass amplifiers pumped by Q-switched Ho:YAG lasers boost the pulse energy to 6.5 mJ, yielding 2.3 mJ, 88 fs pulses upon pulse compression. Our results show the highest peak power at 2.5 μm with 1 kHz repetition rate. Such a laser will be a powerful source for studying strong-field physics and extending high-harmonic generation towards the keV region.
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230
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Kroh T, Jin C, Krogen P, Keathley PD, Calendron AL, Siqueira JP, Liang H, Falcão-Filho EL, Lin CD, Kärtner FX, Hong KH. Enhanced high-harmonic generation up to the soft X-ray region driven by mid-infrared pulses mixed with their third harmonic. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:16955-16969. [PMID: 30119513 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.016955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We systematically study the efficiency enhancement of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in an Ar gas cell up to the soft X-ray (SXR) range using a two-color laser field composed of 2.1 μm (ω) and 700 nm (3ω) with parallel linear polarization. Our experiment follows the recent theoretical investigations that determined two-color mid-infrared (IR) pulses, mixed with their third harmonic (ω + 3ω), to be close to optimal driving waveforms for enhancing HHG efficiency in the SXR region [Jin et al., Nature Comm. 5, 4003 (2014)]. We observed sub-optical-cycle-dependent efficiency enhancements of up to 8.2 of photon flux integrated between 20 - 70 eV, and up to 2.2 between 85 - 205 eV. Enhancement of HHG efficiency was most pronounced for the lowest tested backing pressure (≈ 140 mbar), and decreased monotonically as the pressure was increased. The single-color (ω)-driven HHG was optimal at the highest backing pressure tested in the experiment (≈ 375 mbar). Our numerical simulations based on single-atom response and 3D pulse propagation show good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. The lower enhancement at high pressure and higher photon energy indicates that phase matching of two-color-driven HHG is more sensitive to ionization rate and pulse propagation effects than the single-color case. We show that with further improvements to the relative phase jitter and the spatio-temporal overlap of the two beams, the efficiency enhancement could be further improved by at least a factor of ≈ 2.
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231
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Lu F, Xia P, Matsumoto Y, Kanai T, Ishii N, Itatani J. Generation of sub-two-cycle CEP-stable optical pulses at 3.5 µm from a KTA-based optical parametric amplifier with multiple-plate compression. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2720-2723. [PMID: 29856376 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of 21 fs (1.8 optical cycle), 45-µJ, carrier-envelope phase (CEP)-stable optical pulses with an octave-spanning spectrum from 2.2 to 4.9 µm. Multi-cycle output pulses (120 fs, 149 µJ, 3.5 µm, and 300 Hz) from a KTA-based optical parametric amplifier are compressed down to the sub-two-cycle regime using YAG and Si plates. The single-shot CEP stability of the compressed pulses is measured to be 283 mrad for 500 s. This robust and compact scheme realizes a field strength of 282 MV/cm with f/11 focusing, opening a new regime of attosecond strong-field physics in solids.
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232
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Kraus PM, Zürch M, Cushing SK, Neumark DM, Leone SR. The ultrafast X-ray spectroscopic revolution in chemical dynamics. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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233
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Gaumnitz T, Jain A, Wörner HJ. Complete reconstruction of ultra-broadband isolated attosecond pulses including partial averaging over the angular distribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:14719-14740. [PMID: 29877409 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.014719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond streaking is a powerful tool to investigate ultrafast electron dynamics on the attosecond time scale. To obtain the highest temporal resolution in a pump-probe experiment, soft-X-ray (SXR) and infrared (IR) pulses have to be carefully characterized. Here, we present a detailed description of our recent generalization of the Volkov-transform generalized projection algorithm (VTGPA) and its application to multiple overlapping photoelectron bands. This method allows for the complete temporal reconstruction of both IR and SXR pulses under the inclusion of accurate complex photoionization matrix elements (PMEs). In this article, we compare the performance of our new method with traditional algorithms. We particularly focus on the important role played by the photoelectron angular distribution (PAD) which needs to be taken into account for the highest fidelity of attosecond pulse reconstruction. For this purpose, we investigate numerically the influence of the finite collection angle of the electron spectrometer on the retrieval and the obtained pulse parameters. We further theoretically demonstrate the reliability of the reconstruction for pulse durations even shorter than the atomic unit of time.
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234
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Hemmer M, Cirmi G, Ravi K, Reichert F, Ahr F, Zapata L, Mücke OD, Calendron AL, Çankaya H, Schimpf D, Matlis NH, Kärtner FX. Cascaded interactions mediated by terahertz radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:12536-12546. [PMID: 29801292 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.012536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a regime of parametric amplification in which the pump and signal waves are spectrally separated by only a few hundreds of GHz frequency - therefore resulting in a sub-THz frequency idler wave. Operating in this regime we find an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) behavior which is highly dissimilar to conventional OPAs. In this regime, we observe multiple three-wave mixing processes occurring simultaneously which results in spectral cascading around the pump and signal wave. Via numerical simulations, we elucidate the processes at work and show that cascaded optical parametric amplification offers a pathway toward THz-wave generation beyond the Manly-Rowe limit and toward the generation of high-energy, sparse frequency-combs.
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235
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Abstract
Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) has been widely applied in the physical and biological sciences using synchrotron radiation, X-ray free-electron laser, high harmonic generation, electrons, and optical lasers. One of CDI’s important applications is to probe dynamic phenomena with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we report the development of a general in situ CDI method for real-time imaging of dynamic processes in solution. By introducing a time-invariant overlapping region as real-space constraint, we simultaneously reconstructed a time series of complex exit wave of dynamic processes with robust and fast convergence. We validated this method using optical laser experiments and numerical simulations with coherent X-rays. Our numerical simulations further indicated that in situ CDI can potentially reduce radiation dose by more than an order of magnitude relative to conventional CDI. With further development, we envision in situ CDI could be applied to probe a range of dynamic phenomena in the future. Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) allows for high resolution imaging without lenses. Here, Lo et al. develop in situ CDI with real-time imaging and a corresponding low-dose requirement, with expected applications in the physical and life sciences.
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236
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Kubin M, Guo M, Ekimova M, Baker ML, Kroll T, Källman E, Kern J, Yachandra VK, Yano J, Nibbering ETJ, Lundberg M, Wernet P. Direct Determination of Absolute Absorption Cross Sections at the L-Edge of Dilute Mn Complexes in Solution Using a Transmission Flatjet. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5449-5462. [PMID: 29634280 PMCID: PMC5972834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 3d transition metals play a pivotal role in many charge transfer processes in catalysis and biology. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the L-edge of metal sites probes metal 2p-3d excitations, providing key access to their valence electronic structure, which is crucial for understanding these processes. We report L-edge absorption spectra of MnII(acac)2 and MnIII(acac)3 complexes in solution, utilizing a liquid flatjet for X-ray absorption spectroscopy in transmission mode. With this, we derive absolute absorption cross-sections for the L-edge transitions with peak magnitudes as large as 12 and 9 Mb for MnII(acac)2 and MnIII(acac)3, respectively. We provide insight into the electronic structure with ab initio restricted active space calculations of these L-edge transitions, reproducing the experimental spectra with excellent agreement in terms of shapes, relative energies, and relative intensities for the two complexes. Crystal field multiplet theory is used to assign spectral features in terms of the electronic structure. Comparison to charge transfer multiplet calculations reveals the importance of charge transfer in the core-excited final states. On the basis of our experimental observations, we extrapolate the feasibility of 3d transition metal L-edge absorption spectroscopy using the liquid flatjet approach in probing highly dilute biological solution samples and possible extensions to table-top soft X-ray sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kubin
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael L. Baker
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester at Harwell, Didcot, OX11 OFA, U.K
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Erik Källman
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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237
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Theoretical Study: High Harmonic Generation by Light Transients. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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238
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Wahlstrand JK, Zahedpour S, Bahl A, Kolesik M, Milchberg HM. Bound-Electron Nonlinearity Beyond the Ionization Threshold. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183901. [PMID: 29775376 PMCID: PMC6074032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present absolute space- and time-resolved measurements of the ultrafast laser-driven nonlinear polarizability in argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, and oxygen up to ionization fractions of a few percent. These measurements enable determination of the strongly nonperturbative bound-electron nonlinear polarizability well beyond the ionization threshold, where it is found to remain approximately quadratic in the laser field, a result normally expected at much lower intensities where perturbation theory applies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Wahlstrand
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
| | - S. Zahedpour
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - A. Bahl
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712
| | - M. Kolesik
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85712
| | - H. M. Milchberg
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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239
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Hareli L, Lobachinsky L, Shoulga G, Eliezer Y, Michaeli L, Bahabad A. On-the-Fly Control of High-Harmonic Generation Using a Structured Pump Beam. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:183902. [PMID: 29775338 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.183902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally a relatively simple yet powerful all-optical enhancement and control technique for high harmonic generation. This is achieved by using as a pump beam two different spatial optical modes interfering together to realize tunable periodic quasi-phase matching of the interaction. With this technique, we demonstrate on-the-fly quasi-phase matching of harmonic orders 29-41 at ambient gas pressure levels of 50 and 100 Torr, where an up to 100-fold enhancement of the emission is observed. The technique is scalable to different harmonic orders and ambient pressure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Hareli
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lilya Lobachinsky
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Georgiy Shoulga
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yaniv Eliezer
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Linor Michaeli
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alon Bahabad
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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240
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Johnson AS, Austin DR, Wood DA, Brahms C, Gregory A, Holzner KB, Jarosch S, Larsen EW, Parker S, Strüber CS, Ye P, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP. High-flux soft x-ray harmonic generation from ionization-shaped few-cycle laser pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar3761. [PMID: 29756033 PMCID: PMC5947981 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven high-harmonic generation provides the only demonstrated route to generating stable, tabletop attosecond x-ray pulses but has low flux compared to other x-ray technologies. We show that high-harmonic generation can produce higher photon energies and flux by using higher laser intensities than are typical, strongly ionizing the medium and creating plasma that reshapes the driving laser field. We obtain high harmonics capable of supporting attosecond pulses up to photon energies of 600 eV and a photon flux inside the water window (284 to 540 eV) 10 times higher than previous attosecond sources. We demonstrate that operating in this regime is key for attosecond pulse generation in the x-ray range and will become increasingly important as harmonic generation moves to fields that drive even longer wavelengths.
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241
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Schmidt C, Pertot Y, Balciunas T, Zinchenko K, Matthews M, Wörner HJ, Wolf JP. High-order harmonic source spanning up to the oxygen K-edge based on filamentation pulse compression. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:11834-11842. [PMID: 29716100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a 0.2 TW sub-two-cycle 1.8 µm carrier-envelope-phase stable source based on two-stage pulse compression by filamentation for driving high-order harmonic generation extending beyond the oxygen K absorption edge. The 1 kHz repetition rate, high temporal resolution enabled by the short 11.8 fs driving pulse duration, and bright high-order harmonics generated in helium make this an attractive source for solid-state and molecular-dynamics studies.
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242
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Fu W, Wright LG, Sidorenko P, Backus S, Wise FW. Several new directions for ultrafast fiber lasers [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:9432-9463. [PMID: 29715895 PMCID: PMC6005670 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers have the potential to make applications of ultrashort pulses widespread - techniques not only for scientists, but also for doctors, manufacturing engineers, and more. Today, this potential is only realized in refractive surgery and some femtosecond micromachining. The existing market for ultrafast lasers remains dominated by solid-state lasers, primarily Ti:sapphire, due to their superior performance. Recent advances show routes to ultrafast fiber sources that provide performance and capabilities equal to, and in some cases beyond, those of Ti:sapphire, in compact, versatile, low-cost devices. In this paper, we discuss the prospects for future ultrafast fiber lasers built on new kinds of pulse generation that capitalize on nonlinear dynamics. We focus primarily on three promising directions: mode-locked oscillators that use nonlinearity to enhance performance; systems that use nonlinear pulse propagation to achieve ultrashort pulses without a mode-locked oscillator; and multimode fiber lasers that exploit nonlinearities in space and time to obtain unparalleled control over an electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Fu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Logan G. Wright
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Pavel Sidorenko
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sterling Backus
- Kapteyn-Murnane Laboratories Inc., 4775 Walnut St #102, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Colorado State University, ECE, 1373 Campus Delivery, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Frank W. Wise
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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243
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Bruner BD, Krüger M, Pedatzur O, Orenstein G, Azoury D, Dudovich N. Robust enhancement of high harmonic generation via attosecond control of ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:9310-9322. [PMID: 29715884 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a powerful tool to generate coherent attosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet. However, the low conversion efficiency of HHG at the single atom level poses a significant practical limitation for many applications. Enhancing the efficiency of the process defines one of the primary challenges in the application of HHG as an advanced XUV source. In this work, we demonstrate a new mechanism, which in contrast to current methods, enhances the HHG conversion efficiency purely on a single particle level. We show that using a bichromatic driving field, sub-optical-cycle control and enhancement of the tunnelling ionization rate can be achieved, leading to enhancements in HHG efficiency by up to two orders of magnitude. Our method advances the perspectives of HHG spectroscopy, where isolating the single particle response is an essential component, and offers a simple route toward scalable, robust XUV sources.
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244
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Seidel M, Xiao X, Hussain SA, Arisholm G, Hartung A, Zawilski KT, Schunemann PG, Habel F, Trubetskov M, Pervak V, Pronin O, Krausz F. Multi-watt, multi-octave, mid-infrared femtosecond source. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaaq1526. [PMID: 29713685 PMCID: PMC5917893 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopy in the wavelength range from 2 to 11 μm (900 to 5000 cm-1) implies a multitude of applications in fundamental physics, chemistry, as well as environmental and life sciences. The related vibrational transitions, which all infrared-active small molecules, the most common functional groups, as well as biomolecules like proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates exhibit, reveal information about molecular structure and composition. However, light sources and detectors in the mid-infrared have been inferior to those in the visible or near-infrared, in terms of power, bandwidth, and sensitivity, severely limiting the performance of infrared experimental techniques. This article demonstrates the generation of femtosecond radiation with up to 5 W at 4.1 μm and 1.3 W at 8.5 μm, corresponding to an order-of-magnitude average power increase for ultrafast light sources operating at wavelengths longer than 5 μm. The presented concept is based on power-scalable near-infrared lasers emitting at a wavelength near 1 μm, which pump optical parametric amplifiers. In addition, both wavelength tunability and supercontinuum generation are reported, resulting in spectral coverage from 1.6 to 10.2 μm with power densities exceeding state-of-the-art synchrotron sources over the entire range. The flexible frequency conversion scheme is highly attractive for both up-conversion and frequency comb spectroscopy, as well as for a variety of time-domain applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Seidel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Syed A. Hussain
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gunnar Arisholm
- FFI (Norwegian Defence Research Establishment), P.O. Box 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Alexander Hartung
- Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Florian Habel
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Trubetskov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Vladimir Pervak
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oleg Pronin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ferenc Krausz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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245
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Popmintchev D, Galloway BR, Chen MC, Dollar F, Mancuso CA, Hankla A, Miaja-Avila L, O'Neil G, Shaw JM, Fan G, Ališauskas S, Andriukaitis G, Balčiunas T, Mücke OD, Pugzlys A, Baltuška A, Kapteyn HC, Popmintchev T, Murnane MM. Near- and Extended-Edge X-Ray-Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy Using Ultrafast Coherent High-Order Harmonic Supercontinua. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:093002. [PMID: 29547333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in high-order harmonic generation have made it possible to use a tabletop-scale setup to produce spatially and temporally coherent beams of light with bandwidth spanning 12 octaves, from the ultraviolet up to x-ray photon energies >1.6 keV. Here we demonstrate the use of this light for x-ray-absorption spectroscopy at the K- and L-absorption edges of solids at photon energies near 1 keV. We also report x-ray-absorption spectroscopy in the water window spectral region (284-543 eV) using a high flux high-order harmonic generation x-ray supercontinuum with 10^{9} photons/s in 1% bandwidth, 3 orders of magnitude larger than has previously been possible using tabletop sources. Since this x-ray radiation emerges as a single attosecond-to-femtosecond pulse with peak brightness exceeding 10^{26} photons/s/mrad^{2}/mm^{2}/1% bandwidth, these novel coherent x-ray sources are ideal for probing the fastest molecular and materials processes on femtosecond-to-attosecond time scales and picometer length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ming-Chang Chen
- National Tsing Hua University, Institute of Photonics Technologies, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Franklin Dollar
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | | | - Amelia Hankla
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Luis Miaja-Avila
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Galen O'Neil
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Justin M Shaw
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Guangyu Fan
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-387, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Skirmantas Ališauskas
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-387, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tadas Balčiunas
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-387, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver D Mücke
- Center for Free Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Audrius Pugzlys
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-387, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 27-387, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Tenio Popmintchev
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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246
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Woodbury D, Feder L, Shumakova V, Gollner C, Schwartz R, Miao B, Salehi F, Korolov A, Pugžlys A, Baltuška A, Milchberg HM. Laser wakefield acceleration with mid-IR laser pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1131-1134. [PMID: 29489797 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on, to the best of our knowledge, the first results of laser plasma wakefield acceleration driven by ultrashort mid-infrared (IR) laser pulses (λ=3.9 μm, 100 fs, 0.25 TW), which enable near- and above-critical density interactions with moderate-density gas jets. Relativistic electron acceleration up to ∼12 MeV occurs when the jet width exceeds the threshold scale length for relativistic self-focusing. We present scaling trends in the accelerated beam profiles, charge, and spectra, which are supported by particle-in-cell simulations and time-resolved images of the interaction. For similarly scaled conditions, we observe significant increases in the accelerated charge, compared to previous experiments with near-infrared (λ=800 nm) pulses.
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247
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Myhre RH, Wolf TJA, Cheng L, Nandi S, Coriani S, Gühr M, Koch H. A theoretical and experimental benchmark study of core-excited states in nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:064106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf H. Myhre
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas J. A. Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
| | - Markus Gühr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemistry and the PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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248
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Time-Dependent Complete-Active-Space Self-Consistent-Field Method for Ultrafast Intense Laser Science. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03786-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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249
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Douguet N, Schneider BI, Argenti L. Application of the complex Kohn variational method to attosecond spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A 2018; 98:10.1103/PhysRevA.98.023403. [PMID: 33313458 PMCID: PMC7727740 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.98.023403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex Kohn variational method is extended to compute light-driven electronic transitions between continuum wave functions in atomic and molecular systems. This development enables the study of multiphoton processes in the perturbative regime for arbitrary light polarization. As a proof of principle, we apply the method to compute the photoelectron spectrum arising from the pump-probe two-photon ionization of helium induced by a sequence of extreme ultraviolet and infrared light pulses. We compare several two-photon ionization pump-probe spectra, resonant with the (2s2p) 1P 1 o Feshbach resonance, with independent simulations based on the atomic B-spline close-coupling STOCK code, and find good agreement between the two approaches. This finite-pulse perturbative approach is a step towards the ab initio study of weak-field attosecond processes in polyelectronic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Douguet
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32186, USA
| | - B I Schneider
- Physics Division, National Science Foundation, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - L Argenti
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32186, USA
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250
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Dorney KM, Rego L, Brooks NJ, Román JS, Liao CT, Ellis JL, Zusin D, Gentry C, Nguyen QL, Shaw JM, Picón A, Plaja L, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM, Hernández-García C. Controlling the polarization and vortex charge of attosecond high-harmonic beams via simultaneous spin-orbit momentum conservation. NATURE PHOTONICS 2018. [PMID: 33101455 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-018-0304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical interactions are governed by both spin and angular momentum conservation laws, which serve as a tool for controlling light-matter interactions or elucidating electron dynamics and structure of complex systems. Here, we uncover a form of simultaneous spin and orbital angular momentum conservation and show, theoretically and experimentally, that this phenomenon allows for unprecedented control over the divergence and polarization of extreme-ultraviolet vortex beams. High harmonics with spin and orbital angular momenta are produced, opening a novel regime of angular momentum conservation that allows for manipulation of the polarization of attosecond pulses-from linear to circular-and for the generation of circularly polarized vortices with tailored orbital angular momentum, including harmonic vortices with the same topological charge as the driving laser beam. Our work paves the way to ultrafast studies of chiral systems using high-harmonic beams with designer spin and orbital angular momentum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Dorney
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura Rego
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nathan J Brooks
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Julio San Román
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Chen-Ting Liao
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ellis
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zusin
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christian Gentry
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Quynh L Nguyen
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Justin M Shaw
- Quantum Electromagnetics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Antonio Picón
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Present address: Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Plaja
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Henry C Kapteyn
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Margaret M Murnane
- JILA - Department of Physics, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Carlos Hernández-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones del Láser y Fotónica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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