201
|
The gamut of primary retroperitoneal masses: multimodality evaluation with pathologic correlation. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2016; 41:1411-30. [PMID: 27271217 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The retroperitoneum is a large space where primary and metastatic tumors grow silently before clinical signs appear. Neoplastic retroperitoneal diseases may be solid or cystic, primary or secondary and range from benign to aggressive in behavior. Retroperitoneal neoplasms are notable for their widely disparate histologies. The solid primary retroperitoneal neoplasms are extremely uncommon and can be classified based on their tissue of origin into three main categories: mesodermal tumors, neurogenic tumors, and extragonadal germ cell tumors. These tumors can grow to a large size before clinical symptoms occur or become palpable. When symptoms do occur, they are nonspecific. The majority of these masses are malignant and imaging plays a pivotal role in the detection, staging, and pre-operative planning. Benign and malignant masses should be distinguished whenever possible to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures. Macroscopic fat, calcification, necrosis, vascularity, and neural foraminal widening are common imaging features helping for tumor differentiation. Meticulous cross-sectional imaging can triage the patient to the most appropriate therapy. Tumor morphology dictates imaging character, and biologic activity is reflected by positron emission tomography (PET). Complete surgical excision with tumor free margins is essential for long-term survival. Biopsy should be performed in consultation with surgical oncology to avoid complicating curative surgery. This pictorial essay illustrates the spectrum of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) imaging findings in common and uncommon primary retroperitoneal masses, with an emphasis on cross-sectional imaging features for an adequate tumor characterization and staging.
Collapse
|
202
|
Palotás A, Bogáts G, Lázár M, Papós M, Matin K, Pávics L. An Isotope-Diagnostic Approach to Erdheim-Chester's Disease of the Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 11:274-9. [PMID: 17220475 DOI: 10.1177/1074248406294904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Erdheim-Chester's disease is a form of histiocytic granulomatosis afflicting the skeletal system and various inner organs. Apart from incidental findings of involvement of various structures and tissues, a complete diagnostic workup to evaluate afflicted bodily parts is not known. The authors we present several specific isotope-diagnostic techniques of a case to support the identification of this rare multisystem infiltrative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Palotás
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Center for Cardiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
203
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thoracic neurogenic neoplasms may be a diagnostic challenge both clinically and radiologically, ranging from benign, incidentally discovered tumors to aggressive, symptomatic malignancies. These tumors may originate from any nervous structure within the chest and are derived from cells of the nerve sheath, autonomic ganglia, or paraganglia. The nervous anatomy of the thorax is complex, and neurogenic tumors may be found in any mediastinal compartment or in the chest wall. Furthermore, neurogenic tumors may indicate one of many syndromes, particularly when they are multiple. CONCLUSION This article illustrates the complex anatomy of the nervous system within the chest and details important epidemiologic and pathophysiologic features as an approach to neurogenic tumors of the thorax. Key imaging features of neurogenic tumors occurring in the chest are identified, focusing on distinguishing characteristics and the relative advantages of available imaging modalities to further refine a differential diagnosis.
Collapse
|
204
|
Kayhan H, Esmekaya MA, Saglam ASY, Tuysuz MZ, Canseven AG, Yagci AM, Seyhan N. Does MW Radiation Affect Gene Expression, Apoptotic Level, and Cell Cycle Progression of Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells? Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 74:99-107. [PMID: 27260669 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a cancer that occurs in sympathetic nervous system arising from neuroblasts and nerve tissue of the adrenal gland, neck, chest, or spinal cord. It is an embryonal malignancy and affects infants and children. In this study, we investigated the effects of microwave (MW) radiation on apoptotic activity, cell viability, and cell cycle progression in human SH-SY5Y NB cells which can give information about MW radiation effects on neural cells covering the period from the embryonic stages to infants. SH-SY5Y NB cells were exposed to 2.1 GHz W-CDMA modulated MW radiation for 24 h at a specific absorption rate of 0.491 W/kg. Control samples were in the same conditions with MW-exposed samples but they were not exposed to MW radiation. The apoptotic activity of cells was measured by Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Moreover, mRNA levels of proliferative and cell cycle proteins were determined by real-time RT-PCR. The change in cell cycle progression was observed by using CycleTest-Plus DNA reagent. No significant change was observed in apoptotic activity of MW-exposed cells compared to control cells. The mRNA levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 were significantly reduced in MW group (p < 0.05). The percentage of MW-exposed cells in G1 phase was significantly higher than the percentage of control cells in G1 phase. MW radiation caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. These results showed that 2.1 GHz W-CDMA modulated MW radiation did not cause apoptotic cell death but changed cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handan Kayhan
- Department of Adult Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meric Arda Esmekaya
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atiye Seda Yar Saglam
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmed Zahid Tuysuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gulnihal Canseven
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Munci Yagci
- Department of Adult Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Seyhan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
205
|
Singh AK, Sargar K, Restrepo CS. Pediatric Mediastinal Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016; 37:223-37. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
206
|
McCarville MB. What MRI can tell us about neurogenic tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol 2016; 46:881-90. [PMID: 27229505 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the MRI features of neurogenic tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma in children. Neurogenic tumors include those arising from a nerve sheath and neuroblastic tumors that arise from the sympathetic nervous system. Nerve sheath tumors can be benign or malignant and occur sporadically or in association with neurofibromatosis type 1. Neuroblastic tumors comprise a spectrum of tumors ranging from highly malignant neuroblastoma to the benign ganglioneuroma. These neurogenic tumors arise in typical locations within the chest, abdomen and pelvis and have distinctive and characteristic imaging features that should suggest their diagnosis. Rhabdomyosarcoma encompasses a variety of histological subtypes that exhibit varying degrees of aggressiveness and biological behavior. While some abdominal and pelvic locations are well known to give rise to rhabdomyosarcoma, this tumor can arise in any tissue in the body except bone. The paper reviews the MRI and clinical features of neurogenic tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma and the imaging findings that can aid in clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Beth McCarville
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS 220, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
207
|
Jain BB, Ghosh S, Das MM, Chattopadhyay S. Ganglioneuroblastoma: Unusual presentation as a pleural mass mimicking mesothelioma. Lung India 2016; 33:199-201. [PMID: 27051110 PMCID: PMC4797441 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.177457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB) is a rare peripheral neuroblastic tumor that is derived from developing neuronal cells of the sympathetic nervous system, and usually occurs in young children. We present a case of GNB occurring as pleural mass in a 2-year-old boy, which led to diagnostic confusion. On fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), it was misinterpreted as mesothelioma. He underwent thoracotomy with excision of the mass. Histopathological findings showed features of a biphasic tumor suggestive of mesothelioma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed for mesothelioma markers were inconclusive. On review of the histology slides, GNB was considered, which was subsequently proven by IHC. The rarity of this tumor, along with its nearly restricted occurrence at a young age, necessitates a strong suspicion in patients presenting with a symptomatic intrathoracic mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanchita Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Murari Mohan Das
- Department of Pathology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
208
|
Rienzo CE, Mark IT. Serendipitous Diagnosis of a Ganglioneuroma in a Diagnostic Medical Sonography Educational Setting. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479316640527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an unanticipated finding in an asymptomatic volunteer scanned in a sonography education program that led to the diagnosis of a rare, benign tumor consistent with a ganglioneuroma. The importance of maintaining a proper protocol for addressing incidental pathological findings for volunteers in the educational setting is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian T. Mark
- Lehigh Valley Hospital-Cedar Crest, Allentown, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
209
|
Waldeck K, Cullinane C, Ardley K, Shortt J, Martin B, Tothill RW, Li J, Johnstone RW, McArthur GA, Hicks RJ, Wood PJ. Long term, continuous exposure to panobinostat induces terminal differentiation and long term survival in the TH-MYCN neuroblastoma mouse model. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:194-204. [PMID: 26914605 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial malignancy in childhood and accounts for ∼15% of childhood cancer deaths. Amplification of MYCN in neuroblastoma is associated with aggressive disease and predicts for poor prognosis. Novel therapeutic approaches are therefore essential to improving patient outcomes in this setting. The histone deacetylases are known to interact with N-Myc and regulate numerous cellular processes via epigenetic modulation, including differentiation. In this study, we used the TH-MYCN mouse model of neuroblastoma to investigate the antitumor activity of the pan-HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat. In particular we sought to explore the impact of long term, continuous panobinostat exposure on the epigenetically driven differentiation process. Continuous treatment of tumor bearing TH-MYCN transgenic mice with panobinostat for nine weeks led to a significant improvement in survival as compared with mice treated with panobinostat for a three-week period. Panobinostat induced rapid tumor regression with no regrowth observed following a nine-week treatment period. Initial tumor response was associated with apoptosis mediated via upregulation of BMF and BIM. The process of terminal differentiation of neuroblastoma into benign ganglioneuroma, with a characteristic increase in S100 expression and reduction of N-Myc expression, occurred following prolonged exposure to the drug. RNA-sequencing analysis of tumors from treated animals confirmed significant upregulation of gene pathways associated with apoptosis and differentiation. Together our data demonstrate the potential of panobinostat as a novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Waldeck
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kerry Ardley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jake Shortt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Gene Regulation Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ben Martin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Gene Regulation Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Bioinformatics Core Facility, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Gene Regulation Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St.Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul J Wood
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Translational Research Laboratory, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
210
|
Maciel CA, Tang YZ, Coniglio G, Sahdev A. Imaging of rare medullary adrenal tumours in adults. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:484-94. [PMID: 26944698 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although adrenal medullary tumours are rare, they have important clinical implications. They form a heterogeneous group of tumours, ranging from benign, non-secretory, incidental masses to hormonally active tumours presenting acutely, or malignant tumours with disseminated disease and a poor prognosis. Increasingly, benign masses are incidentally detected due to the widespread use of imaging and routine medical check-ups. This review aims to illustrate the multimodality imaging appearances of rare adrenal medullary tumours, excluding the more common phaeochromocytomas, with clues to the diagnosis and to summarise relevant epidemiological and clinical data. Careful correlation of clinical presentation, hormone profile, and various imaging techniques narrow the differential diagnosis. Image-guided percutaneous adrenal biopsy can provide a definitive diagnosis, allowing for conservative management in selected cases. A close collaboration between the radiologist, endocrinologist, and surgeon is of the utmost importance in the management of these tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Maciel
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK.
| | - Y Z Tang
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - G Coniglio
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - A Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
211
|
Abstract
Primary retroperitoneal masses include a diverse, and often rare, group of neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities that arise within the retroperitoneum but do not originate from any retroperitoneal organ. Their overlapping appearances on cross-sectional imaging may pose a diagnostic challenge to the radiologist; familiarity with characteristic imaging features, together with relevant clinical information, helps to narrow the differential diagnosis. In this article, a systematic approach to identifying and classifying primary retroperitoneal masses is described. The normal anatomy of the retroperitoneum is reviewed with an emphasis on fascial planes, retroperitoneal compartments, and their contents using cross-sectional imaging. Specific radiologic signs to accurately identify an intra-abdominal mass as primary retroperitoneal are presented, first by confirming the location as retroperitoneal and secondly by excluding an organ of origin. A differential diagnosis based on a predominantly solid or cystic appearance, including neoplastic and non-neoplastic entities, is elaborated. Finally, key diagnostic clues based on characteristic imaging findings are described, which help to narrow the differential diagnosis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the cross-sectional imaging features of primary retroperitoneal masses, including normal retroperitoneal anatomy, radiologic signs of retroperitoneal masses and the differential diagnosis of solid and cystic, neoplastic and non-neoplastic retroperitoneal masses, with a view to assist the radiologist in narrowing the differential diagnosis.
Collapse
|
212
|
|
213
|
Cooper SS, Baldwin R, Mlynarczyk C, Hellenthal NJ. Renal Ganglioneuroma Presenting as an Apparent Renal Artery Aneurysm. Urol Case Rep 2016; 3:86-8. [PMID: 26793512 PMCID: PMC4714247 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 30-year-old woman with a suspected contained rupture of a renal artery aneurysm which was managed with staged embolization and nephrectomy. Pathology demonstrated that the collection around the presumed aneurysmal rupture was an associated ganglioneuroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby S Cooper
- Bassett Healthcare, Division of Urology, 1 Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA
| | - Ross Baldwin
- Bassett Healthcare, Division of Urology, 1 Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA
| | - Carrie Mlynarczyk
- Bassett Healthcare, Division of Urology, 1 Atwell Road, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
214
|
Rivard BC, Hague DW, Joslyn SK, Zhang X, Lezmi S. Intraparenchymal Spinal Cord Ganglioneuroblastoma Originating from the Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System in a Cat. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:647-52. [PMID: 26799733 PMCID: PMC4913597 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B C Rivard
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL
| | - D W Hague
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - S K Joslyn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL
| | - S Lezmi
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL
| |
Collapse
|
215
|
Manning MA, Srivastava A, Paal EE, Gould CF, Mortele KJ. Nonepithelial Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation, Part 1—Benign Tumors:From the Radiologic Pathology Archives. Radiographics 2016; 36:123-41. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
216
|
Shiohama T, Fujii K, Hino M, Shimizu K, Ohashi H, Kambe M, Nakatani Y, Mitsunaga T, Yoshida H, Ochiai H, Shimojo N. Coexistence of neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma in a girl with a hemizygous deletion of chromosome 11q14.1-23.3. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:492-497. [PMID: 26463893 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Constitutional 11q interstitial deletion syndrome presents with congenital anomalies including microcephaly with craniostenosis, minor dysmorphic features, vitreoretinopathy, and renal anomalies. This syndrome is occasionally associated with neuroblastoma (NB) as a life-threatening complication, which is important for clinical care. Although the corresponding locus to NB has been predicted to exist in 11q22-23 by previous deletion studies related to NB, the causative haploinsufficient genes have not yet been identified. We herein reported for the first time the simultaneous coexistence of adrenal NB and abdominal prevertebral ganglioneuroma in a 6-year-old girl with a constitutional hemizygous 11q14.1-23.3 deletion. Of the 11 haploinsufficient genes predicted with an in silico database, we focused on NCAM1 and CADM1 as the genes accountable for NB and ganglioneuroma. The deletion range, especially the 11q22.3 involvement, needs to be determined in 11q deletion cases in order to predict susceptibility to peripheral nerve tumors involving NB and ganglioneuroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Moeko Hino
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Shimizu
- Divsion of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Divsion of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Michiyo Kambe
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakatani
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsunaga
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Ochiai
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
217
|
Qiu W, Li T, Sun XD, Lv GY. Onset of adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma in an adult after delivery. Ann Surg Treat Res 2015; 89:220-3. [PMID: 26448921 PMCID: PMC4595823 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2015.89.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma is presented here. This adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma was found in a 27-year-old female 7 months after delivery. CT clarified that the tumor originated retroperitoneally and was large in size (11.4 cm × 9.4 cm). The tumor was surgically removed together with pancreatic body and tail, left kidney and spleen, and pathological diagnosis was adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma-intermixed. Adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma is extremely rare in adults, with only about 9 cases documented including this case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Dong Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guo Yue Lv
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
218
|
Jokerst C, McFarland W, Swanson J, Mohammed TLH. Thoracic Bone Tumors Every Radiologist Should Know. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2015; 45:71-9. [PMID: 26254813 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thoracic cage provides the structural support that makes respiration possible, provides protection to vital organs such as the lungs, heart, liver, and spleen, and serves as an anchor point for the upper extremities. Neoplasms of the bony thorax are not an uncommon incidental finding at both radiography and cross-sectional imaging. Some tumors have a characteristic appearance and it is important that an accurate differential diagnosis be provided. Misidentification could lead to unnecessary imaging or procedures with associated cost, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of this article is to serve as a quick review of bone tumors commonly encountered in the thorax and that every radiologist should know. Please note that there are also several non-neoplastic osseous lesions that may mimic bone tumors such as osteomyelitis and eosinophilic granuloma; however, these entities are beyond the scope of this review and would not be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clint Jokerst
- Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - William McFarland
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida-College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Tan-Lucien H Mohammed
- Department of Radiology, University of Florida-College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
| |
Collapse
|
219
|
de Oliveira Schiavon JL, Tostes VS, Regacini R, Lederman HM. MRI Evaluation of Pediatric Malignant Abdominal Tumors. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-015-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
220
|
Ramaswamy B, Bhandarkar AM, Menon SS, Agarwal AC, Nair SS. Ganglioneuroblastoma of Skull Base. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:MD01-3. [PMID: 26435974 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/14135.6334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastic tumours are common in childhood and adrenal glands are the most common site. Head and neck ganglioneuroblastomas are extremely rare and nose is a very uncommon site for a ganglioneuroblastoma. The management of this primitive sympathogonic tumour may vary depending on the age of the patient and stage of the tumour. We present a middle-aged man with a ganglioneuroblastoma of skull base, management of this tumour and a review of literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Ramaswamy
- Professor and Head of Department, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Ajay M Bhandarkar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Shalini S Menon
- Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Ashish Chandra Agarwal
- Senior Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| | - Suraj S Nair
- Junior Resident, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
221
|
Esen HK, Esen O, Irsi C. Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuroma: Mimicking an ovarian mass in a child. Pak J Med Sci 2015; 31:724-6. [PMID: 26150876 PMCID: PMC4485303 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.313.5980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ganglioneuroma are rare, benign neural tumor of sympathetic nervous system originating from neural crest sympathogonia. Pelvic ganglioneuromas may mimic ovarian masses. We present a patient operated with the diagnosis of ovarian tumor which had a pelvic gangliuoneuroma. CASE An eleven-year old female patient complaining of abdominal pain and a mass was seen at our hospital. On examination a 10×10 cm mass was palpable in the pelvis. Laboratory parameters were all normal and the tumor markers such as β-HCG, AFP, CEA, serum catecholamines were negative. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed an 11×6×9 cm solid mass containing calcification. The preoperative diagnosis was an adnexal mass of ovary. The patient was operated under general anesthesia and we found a retroperitoneal mass attached to the spine at L5. The tumoral mass was completely excised. Histopathological examination of tumor was reported as ganglioneuroma. The patient was discharged on seventh day of hospitalization with no neurological deficit. Retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas are usually present with local mass a benign tumoral course. The preoperative diagnosis may be difficult in pelvic ganglioneuromas due to close similarity with the ovarian masses. The treatment of the ganglioneuroma is total surgical excision and histology provides a confirmatory diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayrünisa Kahraman Esen
- Dr. Hayrünisa Kahraman Esen, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Esen
- Dr. Osman Esen, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Cesim Irsi
- Dr. Cesim Irsi, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
222
|
Primary cervical ganglioneuroblastoma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1007-12. [PMID: 25921075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ganglioneuroblastomas represent a histological subgroup of the rare neuroblastic tumours with intermediate malignant potential arising from neural crest progenitor cells of sympathetic nerves. Diagnosis can often be difficult based on imaging alone. We describe 4 cases of children presenting with a solitary neck mass with histology ultimately revealing ganglioneuroblastoma. METHODS A retrospective case note review was carried out of all patients with cervical ganglioneuroblastoma seen at Great Ormond Street Hospital, UK. RESULTS Mean age at presentation was 5 years. Based on imaging, the initial diagnoses for three of the cases were: lymphatic malformation, carotid body tumour, paraganglioma, respectively, whilst the remaining case had an immediate incisional biopsy revealing the correct diagnosis. All cases were managed by surgical excision with no evidence of recurrence after a median follow up of 6 years. CONCLUSION Otolaryngologists should be aware of ganglioneuroblastoma when establishing the differential diagnosis of a child presenting with a neck mass. Biopsy is recommended as the gold standard investigation to avoid an incorrect diagnosis.
Collapse
|
223
|
Aguado del Hoyo A, Ruiz Martín Y, Lancharro Zapata Á, Marín Rodríguez C, Gordillo Gutiérrez I. [Radiological evaluation of congenital tumors]. RADIOLOGIA 2015; 57:391-401. [PMID: 26115799 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we consider tumors that are diagnosed during pregnancy or in the first three months of life. This is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with special biological and epidemiological characteristics that differentiate them from tumors arising in children or adults. In the last two decades, the prenatal detection of congenital tumors has increased due to the generalized use of prenatal sonographic screening. Advances in imaging techniques, especially in fetal magnetic resonance imaging, have enabled improvements in the diagnosis, follow-up, clinical management, and perinatal treatment of these tumors. This image-based review of the most common congenital tumors describes their histologic types, locations, and characteristics on the different imaging techniques used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Aguado del Hoyo
- Sección de Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
| | - Y Ruiz Martín
- Sección de Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - Á Lancharro Zapata
- Sección de Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - C Marín Rodríguez
- Sección de Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| | - I Gordillo Gutiérrez
- Sección de Radiología Pediátrica, Hospital Materno Infantil Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
224
|
Shida Y, Igawa T, Abe K, Hakariya T, Takehara K, Onita T, Sakai H. Composite pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland: a case series. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:257. [PMID: 26104921 PMCID: PMC4477526 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Composite pheochromocytoma is a rare pathological condition characterized by elements of both pheochromocytoma and neurogenic tumors. However, detailed clinical outcomes of this tumor have not been fully shown. From 2007 to 2013, we experienced three cases of adrenal composite pheochromocytoma. In this report, we investigate the clinicopathological features of these three cases of composite pheochromocytoma and compare them with previously reported cases. Case presentations Cases 1 and 2 were a 29-year-old Japanese woman and a 59-year-old Japanese man, respectively. They underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, and pathological examination revealed composite pheochromocytoma–ganglioneuroma. Case 3 was a 53-year-old Japanese man who had been receiving hemodialysis for 17 years. He underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy, and pathological examination revealed composite pheochromocytoma–ganglioneuroblastoma. Although the Ki67-positive rates varied from 1.0 to 6.2% among the three cases, no clinical recurrences occurred. Despite the relatively high rate of Ki67 positivity, complete tumor resection resulted in favorable clinical outcomes. Conclusion We experienced three cases of adrenal composite pheochromocytoma. Although the clinical findings and treatment outcomes of composite pheochromocytoma were similar to those of ordinary pheochromocytoma, further studies of the biological behavior and genetic profiles of composite pheochromocytoma are necessary to achieve a better understanding of this tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shida
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tsukasa Igawa
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kuniko Abe
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Hakariya
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Takehara
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Toru Onita
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
225
|
Burke SM, Wein RO, Brinckerhoff LH, Dandekar MN, Naber SP, Riesenburger RI. Granular cell tumor of the stellate ganglion presenting with Horner's syndrome. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:1387-91. [PMID: 26094560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a granular cell tumor (GCT) that occurred within the stellate ganglion of a 26-year-old woman who initially presented with a unilateral Horner's syndrome and progressive right upper extremity pain. We also review the literature related to the differential diagnoses of such a cervicothoracic tumor, with particular emphasis on the embryologic origin of these possibilities. GCT are rare tumors of Schwann cell origin which are more often found in subcutaneous locations than in relation to neural elements. In this woman, a mass identified on preoperative imaging was positioned anterolateral to the T1 vertebral body and displaced the vertebral artery anteriorly. During surgery, the lesion was observed within the sympathetic chain in the area of the stellate ganglion. The sympathetic chain was transected above and below the mass in order to achieve an adequate resection. The pathology demonstrated polygonal cells with diffuse eosinophilic granular cytoplasm positive for CD68 (a marker of lysosomes) and S-100 (a marker of neural crest derivatives) which established the diagnosis of GCT. This is the first patient, to our knowledge, with a granular cell tumor arising from the stellate ganglion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Burke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street #178, Proger 7, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Richard O Wein
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence H Brinckerhoff
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monisha N Dandekar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen P Naber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron I Riesenburger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street #178, Proger 7, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
226
|
Kembhavi SA, Shah S, Rangarajan V, Qureshi S, Popat P, Kurkure P. Imaging in neuroblastoma: An update. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2015; 25:129-36. [PMID: 25969636 PMCID: PMC4419422 DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.155844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the third common tumor in children. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, response evaluation and in follow-up of a case of Neuroblastoma. The International Neuroblastoma Risk Group task force has recently introduced an imaging-based staging system and laid down guidelines for uniform reporting of imaging studies. This review is an update on imaging in neuroblastoma, with emphasis on these guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema A Kembhavi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Shah
- Department of Bio-imaging, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Sajid Qureshi
- Department of Surgery, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Palak Popat
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Purna Kurkure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
227
|
Spinelli C, Rossi L, Barbetta A, Ugolini C, Strambi S. Incidental ganglioneuromas: a presentation of 14 surgical cases and literature review. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:547-54. [PMID: 25501841 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ganglioneuromas are benign tumors which originate from the neural crest. This tumor affects mainly young patients rather than adult ones, and its most frequent localizations are mediastinum, retroperitoneum, adrenal glands and cervical region. Usually, ganglioneuromas are discovered as incidentalomas since they are often asymptomatic, even if they could present sympathetic or mass-related symptoms. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, histological exam is necessary since CT scan and MRI are not capable of distinguishing ganglioneuromas from other tumors, such as neuroblastomas or pheocromocytomas. The surgical excision is the chosen treatment and it offers an excellent prognosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of our cases of ganglioneuroma from 2004 to 2014; this study aims to compare our experience with literature review (2000-2014). Data about patients' features, tumor localization, symptoms, treatment and follow-up were analyzed and reported in detailed tables. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2014 we treated 14 patients affected by ganglioneuroma. For all of them the diagnosis was incidental; 9 out of 12 (64.3 %) patients presented an adrenal mass; in 2 patients (14.3 %) the tumor was localized in cervical region; in other 2 patients (14.3 %) the tumor was in the retroperitoneum and one patient (7.1 %) presented a ganglioneuroma in the costo-vertebral space. All our patients underwent surgical removal and none of them present surgery-related complications or recurrences to date. CONCLUSIONS Our data widen the knowledge about ganglioneuroma and confirm that the surgical approach has an excellent prognosis with very low incidence of surgery-related complications and recurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Spinelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - L Rossi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - A Barbetta
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Ugolini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Integrated Diagnostics, Section of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - S Strambi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Pathological, Molecular and Critic Area, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
228
|
Dumba M, Jawad N, McHugh K. Neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma: a radiological review. Cancer Imaging 2015; 15:5. [PMID: 25889326 PMCID: PMC4446071 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-015-0040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extra-cranial tumour in childhood. It can present as an abdominal mass, but is usually metastatic at diagnosis so the symptomatology can be varied. Nephroblastoma, also more commonly known as a Wilms tumour, is the commonest renal tumour in childhood and more typically presents as abdominal pathology with few constitutional symptoms, although rarely haematuria can be a presenting feature. The pathophysiology and clinical aspects of both tumours including associated risk factors and pathologies are discussed. Oncogenetics and chromosomal abnormalities are increasingly recognised as important prognostic indicators and their impact on initial management is considered. Imaging plays a pivotal role in terms of diagnosis and recent imaging advances mean that radiology has an increasingly crucial role in the management pathway. The use of image defined risk factors in neuroblastoma has begun to dramatically change how this tumour is characterised pre-operatively. The National Wilms Tumour Study Group have comprehensively staged Wilms tumours and this is reviewed as it impacts significantly on management. The use of contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted sequences have further served to augment the information available to the clinical team during initial assessment of both neuroblastomas and Wilms tumours. The differences in management strategies are outlined. This paper therefore aims to provide a comprehensive update on these two common paediatric tumours with a particular emphasis on the current crucial role played by imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Dumba
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Noorulhuda Jawad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
| | - Kieran McHugh
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
229
|
Tranvinh E, Yeom KW, Iv M. Imaging Neck Masses in the Neonate and Young Infant. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:120-37. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
230
|
Zhou Y, Liang Q, Ou WT, Li ZY, Liu QL. Laparoscopic resection of primary adrenal ganglioneuroma: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2167-2170. [PMID: 26137033 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal ganglioneuroma (AGN) is an extremely rare, benign tumor that originates from the neural crest tissue of the sympathetic nervous system. The majority of cases are detected incidentally, since the disease often lacks clear clinical manifestations or is asymptomatic. In addition, AGN is often misdiagnosed as being an adrenal adenoma or adrenal pheochromocytoma. The present study describes a 58-year-old female who visited the outpatient clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College (Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China) with symptoms of face and lower extremity dropsy. Color Doppler ultrasonography revealed a solid tumor in the right kidney, and abdominal computed tomography identified an irregular, solid tumor measuring ~6×4.5×7 cm3 and arising from the right adrenal gland, with a clear boundary. Magnetic resonance imaging was not performed. An initial diagnosis of adrenal adenoma was established. The patient was treated by laparoscopy in order to remove the tumor. However, following surgery, a pathological examination suggested that the tumor was a GN originating from the adrenal medulla. The formation of a correct diagnosis can be extremely challenging, as AGNs do not exhibit any specific clinical manifestations. Therefore, detection often depends entirely upon imaging studies, and the final diagnosis can be only by confirmed following a histopathological evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qilian Liang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Ou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Zhou-Yu Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Long Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
231
|
Multiple Ganglioneuroma With Cervical Involvement. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
232
|
Yılmaz B, Toktaş ZO, Akakın A, Demir MK, Yapıcıer O, Konya D. Lumbar Spinal Immature Ganglioneuroma with Conus Medullaris Invasion: Case Report. Pediatr Neurosurg 2015; 50:330-5. [PMID: 26461185 DOI: 10.1159/000438489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a benign rare tumor that originates from neural crest cells. It shares a common histogenic family with ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma and represents the most benign and differentiated form of the group. The most common locations of the GNs are the mediastinum and retroperitoneum. We report an extremely rare case of lumbar spinal GN with conus medullaris invasion and extradural paraspinal extension. A 10-year-old girl presented with a history of worsening lower-back pain and an intermittent tingling sensation in the left leg. Neurological examination revealed reduced sensation in the left L2-L5 dermatomes. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intra- and extradural mass extending from the D11 to L5 vertebral body level. There was conus medullaris invasion by the tumor. After L1-L5 laminotomies, the patient underwent tumor resection. Histopathological diagnosis was immature GN. GNs occurring within the spinal column are rare and may grow to a large size. Despite the size and the common involvement of both intra- and extraspinal compartments, the prognosis is usually excellent after complete excision using microsurgical techniques.
Collapse
|
233
|
Ozawa Y, Kobayashi S, Hara M, Shibamoto Y. Morphological differences between schwannomas and ganglioneuromas in the mediastinum: utility of the craniocaudal length to major axis ratio. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130777. [PMID: 24646161 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic value of the craniocaudal length (CC) to major axis ratio (CC/M R) for differentiating between schwannoma and ganglioneuroma in the mediastinum on CT/MRI. METHODS 22 schwannomas (Group A: 7 schwannomas in the posterior mediastinum; Group B, 15 schwannomas located in the chest wall or regions of the mediastinum other than the posterior mediastinum) and 14 ganglioneuromas in the posterior mediastinum (Group C) were evaluated. For each tumour, the major and minor axes on the largest transaxial image and the CC were measured on CT/MRI. The CC/M R was calculated, and differences among the three groups were analysed. RESULTS The major axis, minor axis and CC measurements and CC/M R ranged from 23 to 52mm (mean, 37 mm), 15 to 38mm (28 mm), 25 to 62mm (42mm) and 0.66 to 1.4mm (1.1 mm), respectively, in Group A; from 18 to 97mm (37 mm), 10 to 71mm (28 mm), 18 to 80mm (35mm) and 0.59 to 1.3mm (0.95 mm), respectively, in Group B; and from 20 to 70mm (49 mm), 15 to 60mm (32 mm), 30 to 110mm (74mm) and 1.0 to 2.6mm (1.5 mm), respectively, in Group C. The mean CC/M R of Group C was significantly higher than those of the other two groups (p,0.005). There was no difference between the mean CC/M R of Groups A and B. CONCLUSION Ganglioneuromas display higher mean CC/M R than schwannomas. The CC/M R is a useful index for differentiating between these neurogenic tumours. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The CC/M R is a practical and effective index for differentiating between ganglioneuromas and schwannomas.
Collapse
|
234
|
Imaging features of adrenal ganglioneuroma: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:791. [PMID: 25380617 PMCID: PMC4289252 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenal ganglioneuroma is a rare tumor constituting 20–30% of all ganglioneuromas. It is a benign tumor and can present diagnostic problems when confused with other adrenal solid tumors. Case presentation We herein report a case of adrenal ganglioneuroma in a 28-year-old Arabic patient and emphasize the diagnostic role of cross-sectional imaging modalities (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). Conclusion Imaging of adrenal ganglioneuromas is diagnostically challenging. Differentiation between adrenal ganglioneuroma and other solid adrenal tumors can be difficult. However, some suggestive features on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in achieving a correct diagnosis.
Collapse
|
235
|
Choroidal Ganglioneuroma in a Patient With Orbitopalpebral Neurofibromatosis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 30:e140-2. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e3182a74e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
236
|
Bhadarge PS, Poflee SV. Aspiration cytology in the preoperative diagnosis of ganglioneuroma presenting as a neck mass. J Cytol 2014; 31:57-8. [PMID: 25190988 PMCID: PMC4150346 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.130712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya S Bhadarge
- Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya V Poflee
- Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
237
|
Chen BF, Rathi M, Al-Samarrai S, Rajeswary J. First reported case of ganglioneuroblastoma in pregnancy and a review of the literature. Obstet Med 2014; 7:128-30. [PMID: 27512439 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x14533534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioneuroblastoma is a variant of neuroblastoma tumours with mature ganglion cell differentiation which occurs commonly in cervical, mediastinal and retroperitoneal locations. Approximately 90% of ganglioneuroblastomas are seen in children younger than five years old. There are 50 adult cases of ganglioneuroblastomas reported to date. Our patient is the 51st case and she is the first to be diagnosed in pregnancy. Our patient's tumour site was the thoraco-abdominal retroperitoneal space adjacent to her kidney. This tumour is generally diagnosed incidentally or by compression presentations, i.e. pain or neurological symptoms. Our patient's ultrasound scan appearances triggered suspicion of an atypical mass after presenting with loin pain. Caesarean section with tumour removal in the same session is preferred if tumour is small and localized. However in this case, there was uncertainty regarding the extent of the tumour. Therefore, the patient underwent thoracotomy after delivery to excise the thoraco-abdominal tumour, which extended from the level of the T9 to L2 vertebrae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bee Fong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK
| | - Manjusha Rathi
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK
| | | | - Jyothi Rajeswary
- Department of Obstetrics, King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
238
|
|
239
|
CHEN DANQI, XU JIAN, ZHONG PING, HUANG XIANG, XU MING. Pituitary adenoma with gangliocytoma: Report of two cases. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:781-784. [PMID: 25013498 PMCID: PMC4081391 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, cases of pituitary adenoma with gangliocytoma are rarely reported. The current study reports the cases of two 47-year-old females who presented with masses in the sellar region following a general examination and radiological imaging. The two patients underwent sellar region tumor resection via the trans-naso-sphenoid approach. The histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a hormone-free pituitary adenoma with gangliocytoma. The two patients were in good condition and experienced no specific discomfort subsequent to the follow-up after surgery. Gangliocytoma is a slowly growing and non-metastasizing tumor. A biopsy is required to differentiate a gangliocytoma from a malignant neuroblastoma, and excision is usually curative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DANQI CHEN
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - JIAN XU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - PING ZHONG
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - XIANG HUANG
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - MING XU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
240
|
Cervical myelopathy caused by bilateral C1-2 dumbbell ganglioneuromas and C2-3 and C3-4 neurofibromas associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Orthop Sci 2014; 19:676-81. [PMID: 23053586 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-012-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
241
|
Costa AD, Zerbini MCN, Cristofani L. Metastatic congenital neuroblastoma associated with in situ neuroblastoma: case report and review of literature. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2014; 4:27-33. [PMID: 28580324 PMCID: PMC5448299 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2014.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neonatal tumors are rare, neuroblastoma is the most common neoplasia among them. These tumors, which usually involve children in early infancy, are derived from neural crest cells of adrenal gland medulla or sympathetic ganglia. Even though congenital metastatic neuroblastoma presents a favorable prognosis, it may lead to death if not recognized and treated early on. The authors report the case of a 2-month-old child who was born from in vitro fertilization, and whose diagnosis was made after birth. The form of presentation of this case as a metastatic disease concerning this age group is noteworthy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Dias Costa
- Pathology Department - Hospital das Clínicas - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil
| | | | - Lilian Cristofani
- Department of Pediatrics - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
242
|
Cho JY, Lee YH. Fetal tumors: prenatal ultrasonographic findings and clinical characteristics. Ultrasonography 2014; 33:240-51. [PMID: 25116458 PMCID: PMC4176115 DOI: 10.14366/usg.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fetal tumors has been increased due to generalization of prenatal evaluation and improvement of imaging techniques. The early detection of a fetal tumor and understanding of its imaging features are very important for fetal, maternal, and neonatal care. Ultrasonography is usually used for the detection and differential diagnosis of fetal tumors, and magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly being used as a complementary study. Many fetal tumors have different clinical and imaging features compared with pediatric tumors. Although several fetal tumors may mimic other common anomalies, some specific imaging features may carry early accurate diagnosis of fetal tumors, which may alter the prenatal management of a pregnancy and the mode of delivery, and facilitate immediate postnatal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea ; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
243
|
Osman S, Lehnert BE, Elojeimy S, Cruite I, Mannelli L, Bhargava P, Moshiri M. A comprehensive review of the retroperitoneal anatomy, neoplasms, and pattern of disease spread. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2014; 42:191-208. [PMID: 24070713 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A clear understanding of the normal anatomy and pattern of disease spread is important in evaluating many retroperitoneal disorders. Primary retroperitoneal tumors are uncommon, accounting for 0.1%-0.2% of all malignancies in the body; 80%-90% of all primary retroperitoneal tumors are malignant. The primary retroperitoneal neoplasms can be divided into solid or cystic masses. The solid neoplasms can be classified according to their tissue of origin into 3 main categories: mesodermal tumors, neurogenic tumors, and extragonadal germ cell tumors. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play a vital role in the localization, characterization, evaluation of the extent of local invasion, assessment of metastases, and determination of treatment response for these tumors. The diagnosis of a primary retroperitoneal malignancy is often challenging owing to overlap of imaging findings. A definitive diagnosis can be established only at histopathologic analysis. However, knowledge of the important tumor characteristics, growth pattern, and vascularity can assist in narrowing the differential diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Osman
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
244
|
Singh P, Jodicke C, Swanson T, Maulik D. Thoracic ganglioneuromas resulting in nonimmune hydrops fetalis. AJP Rep 2014; 4:49-54. [PMID: 25032061 PMCID: PMC4078144 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most often, ganglioneuromas affect older pediatric and adult patients. They are typically slow growing tumors that remain clinically silent until they become large enough to cause symptoms by compression of adjacent structures. Case We report a case of a 22-year-old Hispanic gravida 2 para 1 female patient who was found to have massive hydrops fetalis at 20 completed gestational weeks. Fetal echocardiography revealed a narrowed distal ductal arch and proximal descending aorta. Cesarean delivery was undertaken at 29 completed gestational weeks for refractory labor and nonreassuring fetal status. The neonate expired at 47 minutes of life despite aggressive resuscitation. At autopsy, multiple thoracic masses were found adjacent to a compressed proximal descending aorta. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a ganglioneuroma, a rare type of neural crest tumor. Discussion A variety of intrathoracic masses have previously been reported to cause hydrops fetalis including teratomas, fibrosarcomas, and lymphangiomas. To our knowledge, this case is the first description of hydrops fetalis caused by ganglioneuromas. We propose that multiple thoracic ganglioneuromas led to biventricular distal outflow tract obstruction and hydrops fetalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Singh
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Cristiano Jodicke
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Staff Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Fetal Health Center, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Tara Swanson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Dev Maulik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri ; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
245
|
Ozturk H. Adrenal Ganglioneuroma Presenting As Left Renal Mass. World J Oncol 2014; 5:90-92. [PMID: 29147384 PMCID: PMC5649880 DOI: 10.14740/wjon783w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are benign tumors resulting from neural crest tissue. GNs contain mature ganglion cells and Schwann cells. GNs most commonly occur in the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum. GNs rarely occur in the adrenal gland. A 45-year-old asymptomatic patient presented with an incidental finding of left renal mass. A 10 cm mass lesion located in the upper pole of the left kidney and lymphadenopathy in renal hilus were detected. The patient underwent transperitoneal radical nephrectomy involving the removal of left adrenal gland. The immunohistochemical examination showed strong positive staining for S100, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin. The diagnosis of mature GN was established. GNs are among the rare diseases that should be considered in the evaluation of renal masses, particularly in the differential diagnosis of upper pole tumors of the kidneys. It can be confused with renal cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Ozturk
- Department of Urology, Sifa University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
246
|
Koktener A, Kosehan D, Akin K, Bozer M. Incidentally found retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma in an adult. Indian J Surg 2014; 77:3-5. [PMID: 25972626 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-013-1030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ganglioneuroma is a very rare tumor arising from sympathetic nerve system. An asymptomatic retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma was found incidentally in a 35-year-old woman. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a retroperitoneal mass extending to the left adrenal gland, and surrounding abdominal aorta, celiac axis, left renal and adrenal arteries, and veins. The tumor was resected and histologic examination showed ganglioneuroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asli Koktener
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fatih University, Alparslan Turkes Cad. No. 57, Emek, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Kosehan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fatih University, Alparslan Turkes Cad. No. 57, Emek, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kayihan Akin
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Fatih University, Alparslan Turkes Cad. No. 57, Emek, 06510 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mikdat Bozer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fatih University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
247
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an unusual case of malignant degeneration in a ganglioneuroma of the jugular foramen post stereotactic radiosurgery as well as to systematically review the pertinent literature involving radiosurgery associated malignancies. BACKGROUND Ganglioneuromas are uncommon lesions of the peripheral nervous system and infrequently reported in the head and neck region. There have been no previously described cases of ganglioneuromas occurring in the jugular foramen. Malignant degeneration of these lesions is rarely described, especially in the context of radiosurgery. Radiosurgery associated malignancies overall are exceptionally rare and only a limited number of cases have been reported. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS We describe a case of a ganglioneuroma occurring in the jugular foramen and mimicking the appearance of a jugular foramen schwannoma. This lesion underwent stereotactic radiosurgery and developed a delayed degeneration into a malignant nerve sheath tumor. The occurrence of ganglioneuroma in this region has not been previously described and presumed malignant degeneration is even rarer. This case highlights a previously understated risk associated with stereotactic radiation treatments. To date, 33 previous cases of stereotactic radiosurgery associated malignancies have been reported. We review the pertinent details of these cases. We caution that as follow up periods and awareness increases, reports such as this may become increasingly common. Tumeurs malignes des gaines nerveuses périphériques après la radiochirurgie : à propos d'un cas et revue de littérature.
Collapse
|
248
|
High incidence of MYCN amplification in a Moroccan series of neuroblastic tumors: comparison to current biological data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 22:112-8. [PMID: 23628823 DOI: 10.1097/pdm.0b013e318277448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
MYCN protooncogene status was assessed for the first time in Morocco in peripheral neuroblastic tumors, including neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma. Correlations with age at diagnosis, stage, mitosis-karyorrhexis index, differentiation, and Shimada histology were evaluated. Thirty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded peripheral neuroblastic tumor tissue specimens collected between 2007 and 2010 from the Pathology Department were assessed for MYCN amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization. MYCN amplification was found in 27.8% of cases. An association of MYCN amplification with unfavorable Shimada grading, higher mitosis-karyorrhexis index, and undifferentiated morphologic phenotype was found. We found no correlation with older age, advanced stage, or the presence of metastasis. Our results suggested that the presence of MYCN amplification is a strong biological indicator of a poor outcome and aggressive disease in neuroblastoma and nodular ganglioneuroblastoma.
Collapse
|
249
|
Cazorla Ramos ÓE, Aguilar Conde MD, Flores Carmona E, Solano Romero JR. [Multiple ganglioneuroma with cervical involvement]. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2013; 66:120-1. [PMID: 24342697 DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar E Cazorla Ramos
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto Biomédico de Málaga, Málaga, España.
| | - María Dolores Aguilar Conde
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto Biomédico de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - Eva Flores Carmona
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto Biomédico de Málaga, Málaga, España
| | - José R Solano Romero
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto Biomédico de Málaga, Málaga, España
| |
Collapse
|
250
|
Erickson BP, Tse DT. Management of neonatal proptosis: a systematic review. Surv Ophthalmol 2013; 59:378-92. [PMID: 24929905 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gross proptosis presenting at birth is an uncommon manifestation of a variety of lesions that can compromise vision and result in disfigurement or even loss of life. Notably, many disease entities have different presentations and prognoses in neonates compared to older children. A structured mental framework is essential to an efficient and coordinated response. We present three challenging cases of neonatal proptosis and discuss the clinical presentation and biological behavior of the lesions that are most often implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David T Tse
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida, United States.
| |
Collapse
|