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Sachdeva S, Cobourne MT. Dental mesenchymal stem cell research—How much will it translate to clinical orthodontics? Semin Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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202
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Rajan TS, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Conditioned medium from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells protects motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells against scratch-injury-induced cell death. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:383-394. [PMID: 29140156 PMCID: PMC5806806 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017740976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death is a normal process during central nervous system (CNS) development and is also involved in the death of motor neurons in diverse spinal motor neuron degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of secretory factors released from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) in mechanically injured murine motor-neuron-like NSC-34 cells. The cells were exposed to scratch injury and the markers for apoptosis and oxidative stress were examined. Immunocytochemistry results showed that proapoptotic markers cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were elevated while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was suppressed in scratch-injured NSC-34 cells. Oxidative stress markers SOD-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cox-2, and proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were activated. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from hGMSCs (hGMSC-CM) significantly blocked the cell death by suppressing SOD-1, iNOS, TNF-α, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax. Bcl-2 and anti-inflammatory cytokine anti-interleukin 10 (IL-10) were increased in hGMSC-CM-treated injured cells. Moreover, hGMSC-CM treatment upregulated neurotrophins anti-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT3. Western blot data of hGMSC-CM revealed the presence of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), NT3, anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), suggesting their positive role to elicit neuroprotection. Our results propose that hGMSC-CM may serve as a simple and potential autologous therapeutic tool to treat motor neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Diomede
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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203
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Morsczeck C, Reichert TE. Dental stem cells in tooth regeneration and repair in the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 18:187-196. [PMID: 29110535 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1402004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human dental stem cells can be obtained from postnatal teeth, extracted wisdom teeth or exfoliated deciduous teeth. Due to their differentiation potential, these mesenchymal stem cells are promising for tooth repair. Therefore, the development of dental tissue regeneration represents a suitable but challenging, target for dental stem cell therapies. Areas covered: Expert opinion: AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors provide an overview of human dental stem cells and their properties for regeneration medicine. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that dental stem cells improve bone augmentation and healing of periodontal diseases. Clinical trials are ongoing to validate the clinical feasibility of these approaches. Dental stem cells are also important for basic research. EXPERT OPINION Dental stem cells offer numerous advantages for tooth repair and regeneration. Data obtained from different studies are encouraging. In the next few years, investigations on dental stem cells in basic research, pre-clinical research and clinical studies will pave the way to optimizing patient-tailored treatments for repair and regeneration of dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Morsczeck
- a Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery , Hospital of the University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- a Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery , Hospital of the University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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204
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Tang BL. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) therapy – a perspective on cell biological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:725-738. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRecent clinical trials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation have demonstrated procedural safety and clinical proof of principle with a modest indication of benefit in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While replacement therapy remained unrealistic, the clinical efficacy of this therapeutic option could be potentially enhanced if we could better decipher the mechanisms underlying some of the beneficial effects of transplanted cells, and work toward augmenting or combining these in a strategic manner. Novel ways whereby MSCs could act in modifying disease progression should also be explored. In this review, I discuss the known, emerging and postulated mechanisms of action underlying effects that transplanted MSCs may exert to promote motor neuron survival and/or to encourage regeneration in ALS. I shall also speculate on how transplanted cells may alter the diseased environment so as to minimize non-neuron cell autonomous damages by immune cells and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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205
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Yang H, Li J, Sun J, Guo W, Li H, Chen J, Hu Y, Tian W, Li S. Cells isolated from cryopreserved dental follicle display similar characteristics to cryopreserved dental follicle cells. Cryobiology 2017; 78:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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206
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Abstract
The tooth root is an integral, functionally important part of our dentition. The formation of a functional root depends on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and integration of the root with the jaw bone, blood supply and nerve innervations. The root development process therefore offers an attractive model for investigating organogenesis. Understanding how roots develop and how they can be bioengineered is also of great interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tooth root formation. We review the function of cellular structure and components such as Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, cranial neural crest cells and stem cells residing in developing and adult teeth. We also highlight how complex signaling networks together with multiple transcription factors mediate tissue-tissue interactions that guide root development. Finally, we discuss the possible role of stem cells in establishing the crown-to-root transition, and provide an overview of root malformations and diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Carolina Parada
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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207
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Sun J, Li J, Li H, Yang H, Chen J, Yang B, Huo F, Guo W, Tian W. tBHQ Suppresses Osteoclastic Resorption in Xenogeneic-Treated Dentin Matrix-Based Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28696515 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellularmatrix (ECM)-based scaffolds are important for their potential therapeutic application. Treated dentin matrix (TDM), a kind of ECM, seeded with allogeneic dental follicle stem cells (TDM/aDFC) provides a suitable inductive microenvironment for tooth root regeneration. Considering the limited sources, xenogeneic TDM (xTDM) is a possible alternative to allogeneic TDM; however, xTDM-based scaffold presents severe osteolysis and resorption lacunae causing regenerated tooth root failure. Immune response-induced excessive osteoclastogenesis plays a critical role in xenogeneic scaffold osteolysis and resorption. The impact of antioxidant, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), on xTDM/aDFCs-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption in vivo and in vitro are investigated. tBHQ upregulates heme oxygenase-1 release and downregulates high mobility group box 1 mRNA expression. mRNA expression of other osteoclast-related genes including nuclear factor-kappa Bp65, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, cathepsin K, and integrin β3, also decreases significantly. Furthermore, tBHQ-treated xTDM/aDFCs scaffolds implanted into rhesus macaques show reduced osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption by microcomputed tomography and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. tBHQ-induced suppression of xTDM/aDFC-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption presents a new strategy for the regeneration of biological tooth root and could be applied to the regeneration of other complex tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jie Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming 650031 China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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208
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Giacoppo S, Thangavelu SR, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Conti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Anti-inflammatory effects of hypoxia-preconditioned human periodontal ligament cell secretome in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: a key role of IL-37. FASEB J 2017; 31:5592-5608. [PMID: 28842429 PMCID: PMC5690382 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700524r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has widely investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their secretory products, termed the secretome, in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study examined the capacity of the conditioned medium (CM) from human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPLSCs) under hypoxia (H-hPDLSCs-CM) to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of MS. To induce EAE, female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide35–55. At the onset of symptoms, H-hPDLSCs-CM was infused via the tail vein of mice. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of H-hPDLSCs-CM treatment in diminishing clinical and histologic disease score. A key finding from this study is the marked expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-37, paralleled by the suppression of proinflammatory cytokines in mice with EAE that were treated with H-hPDLSCs-CM. In addition, a consequent modulation of oxidative stress, autophagic, and apoptotic markers was observed in mice with EAE after hPDLSCs-CM administration. In addition, to provide additional evidence of the molecular mechanisms that underlie H-hPDLSCs-CM, we investigated its therapeutic action in scratch injury–exposed NSC-34 neurons, an in vitro model of injury. This model reproduces severe inflammation and oxidative stress conditions as observed after EAE damage. In vitro results corroborate the ability of hPDLSCs-CM to modulate inflammatory, oxidative stress, and apoptotic pathways. Taken together, our findings suggest H-hPDLSCs-CM as a new pharmacologic opportunity for the management of MS.—Giacoppo, S., Thangavelu, S. R., Diomede, F., Bramanti, P., Conti, P., Trubiani, O., Mazzon, E. Anti-inflammatory effects of hypoxia-preconditioned human periodontal ligament cell secretome in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis: a key role of IL-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giacoppo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Soundara Rajan Thangavelu
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Immunology Division, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy;
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209
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Soundara Rajan T, Giacoppo S, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Human periodontal ligament stem cells secretome from multiple sclerosis patients suppresses NALP3 inflammasome activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:238-252. [PMID: 28764573 PMCID: PMC5815262 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017722332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in recent years has largely explored the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretory products, called “secretome,” in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Here, we examined whether such immunosuppressive effects might be elicited due to inflammasome inactivation. To this end, we treated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model of multiple sclerosis (MS) with the conditioned medium or purified exosomes/microvesicles (EMVs) obtained from relapsing-remitting-MS patients human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and investigated the regulation of NALP3 inflammasome. We noticed enhanced expression of NALP3, Cleaved Caspase 1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in EAE mouse spinal cord. Conversely, hPDLSCs-conditioned medium and EMVs significantly blocked NALP3 inflammasome activation and provided protection from EAE. Reduction in NALP3, Cleaved Caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 level was noticed in conditioned medium and EMVs-treated EAE mice. Pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were elevated in EAE, while hPDLSCs-conditioned medium and EMVs treatment reduced their expression and increased IκB-α expression. Characterization of hPDLSCs-conditioned medium showed substantial level of anti-inflammatory IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and stromal cell–derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). We propose that the immunosuppressive role of hPDLSCs-derived conditioned medium and EMVs in EAE mice may partly attribute to the presence of soluble immunomodulatory factors, NALP3 inflammasome inactivation, and NF-κB reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Diomede
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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210
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Vidovic Zdrilic I, de Azevedo Queiroz IO, Matthews BG, Gomes-Filho JE, Mina M, Kalajzic I. Mineral trioxide aggregate improves healing response of periodontal tissue to injury in mice. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:1058-1067. [PMID: 28691752 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biomaterial used in endodontic procedures as it exerts beneficial effects on regenerative processes. In this study, we evaluate the effect of MTA on healing of periodontal ligament (PDL) and surrounding tissue, following injury, in a transgenic mouse model and on the differentiation of murine mesenchymal progenitor cells in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used an inducible Cre-loxP in vivo fate mapping approach to examine the effects of MTA on the contributions of descendants of cells expressing the αSMA-CreERT2 transgene (SMA9+ ) to the PDL and alveolar bone after experimental injury to the root furcation on the maxillary first molars. Col2.3GFP was used as a marker to identify mature osteoblasts, cementoblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The effects of MTA were examined 2, 17 and 30 days after injury and compared histologically with sealing using an adhesive system. The effects of two dilutions of medium conditioned with MTA on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BMSC) and periodontal ligament (PDLC) in vitro were examined using the PrestoBlue viability assay, alkaline phosphatase and Von Kossa staining. The expression of markers of differentiation was assessed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Histological analyses showed better repair in teeth restored with MTA, as shown by greater expansion of SMA9+ progenitor cells and Col2.3GFP+ osteoblasts compared with control teeth. We also observed a positive effect on differentiation of SMA9+ progenitors into osteoblasts and cementoblasts in the apical region distant from the site of injury. The in vitro data showed that MTA-conditioned medium reduced cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in both PDLC and BMSC, indicated by reduced von Kossa staining and lower expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. In addition, cultures grown in the presence of MTA had marked decreases in SMA9+ and Col2.3GFP+ areas as compared with osteogenic medium, confirming reduced osteogenesis. CONCLUSION MTA promotes regeneration of injured PDL and alveolar bone, reflected as contribution of progenitors (SMA9+ cells) into osteoblasts (Col2.3GFP+ cells). In vitro, MTA-conditioned medium fails to promote osteogenic differentiation of both PDLC and BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vidovic Zdrilic
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - B G Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - J E Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, Brazil
| | - M Mina
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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211
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Krivanek J, Adameyko I, Fried K. Heterogeneity and Developmental Connections between Cell Types Inhabiting Teeth. Front Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28638345 PMCID: PMC5461273 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Every tissue is composed of multiple cell types that are developmentally, evolutionary and functionally integrated into the unit we call an organ. Teeth, our organs for biting and mastication, are complex and made of many different cell types connected or disconnected in terms of their ontogeny. In general, epithelial and mesenchymal compartments represent the major framework of tooth formation. Thus, they give rise to the two most important matrix–producing populations: ameloblasts generating enamel and odontoblasts producing dentin. However, the real picture is far from this quite simplified view. Diverse pulp cells, the immune system, the vascular system, the innervation and cells organizing the dental follicle all interact, and jointly participate in transforming lifeless matrix into a functional organ that can sense and protect itself. Here we outline the heterogeneity of cell types that inhabit the tooth, and also provide a life history of the major populations. The mouse model system has been indispensable not only for the studies of cell lineages and heterogeneity, but also for the investigation of dental stem cells and tooth patterning during development. Finally, we briefly discuss the evolutionary aspects of cell type diversity and dental tissue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krivanek
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
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212
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Abdel Meguid E, Ke Y, Ji J, El-Hashash AHK. Stem cells applications in bone and tooth repair and regeneration: New insights, tools, and hopes. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1825-1835. [PMID: 28369866 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of stem and progenitor cells holds promise for advancing our understanding of the biology of tissue repair and regeneration mechanisms after injury. This will also help in the future use of stem cell therapy for the development of regenerative medicine approaches for the treatment of different tissue-species defects or disorders such as bone, cartilages, and tooth defects or disorders. Bone is a specialized connective tissue, with mineralized extracellular components that provide bones with both strength and rigidity, and thus enable bones to function in body mechanical supports and necessary locomotion process. New insights have been added to the use of different types of stem cells in bone and tooth defects over the last few years. In this concise review, we briefly describe bone structure as well as summarize recent research progress and accumulated information regarding the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, as well as stem cell contributions to bone repair/regeneration, bone defects or disorders, and both restoration and regeneration of bones and cartilages. We also discuss advances in the osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration of dental and periodontal stem cells as well as in stem cell contributions to dentine regeneration and tooth engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Abdel Meguid
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's University, Belfast, Ireland, UK
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, School of Basic Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Ahmed H K El-Hashash
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre, School of Basic Medical, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang University Institute (UoE- ZJU Institute).,Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, UK
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213
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Hikita A, Chung UI, Hoshi K, Takato T. Bone Regenerative Medicine in Oral and Maxillofacial Region Using a Three-Dimensional Printer<sup/>. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:515-521. [PMID: 28351222 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone grafts currently used for the treatment of large bone defect or asymmetry in oral and maxillofacial region include autologous, allogeneic, and artificial bones. Although artificial bone is free from the concerns of donor site morbidity, limitation of volume, disease transmission, and ethical issues, it lacks osteogenic and osteoinductive activities. In addition, molding of the artificial bone is an issue especially when it is used for the augmentation of bone as onlay grafts. To solve this problem, additive manufacturing techniques have been applied to fabricate bones which have outer shapes conformed to patients' bones. We developed a custom-made artificial bone called a computed tomography (CT)-bone. Efficacy of CT-bone was proven in a clinical research and clinical trial, showing good manipulability, stability, and patient satisfaction. However, low replacement rate of artificial bones by endogenous bones remain an unsolved issue. Loading of cells and growth factors will improve the bone replacement by inducing osteogenic and osteoinductive activities. In addition, the three-dimensional bioprinting technique will facilitate bone regeneration by placing cells and biological substances into appropriate sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Hikita
- 1 Department of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- 2 Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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214
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Li H, Sun J, Li J, Yang H, Luo X, Chen J, Xie L, Huo F, Zhu T, Guo W, Tian W. Xenogeneic Bio-Root Prompts the Constructive Process Characterized by Macrophage Phenotype Polarization in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28081294 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tissue or organ regeneration using xenogeneic matrices is a promising approach to address the shortage of donor matrices for allotransplantation. Success of such approach has been demonstrated to correlate with macrophage-mediated fibrotic homeostasis and tissue remodeling. The previous studies have demonstrated that treated dentin matrix (TDM) could be a suitable bioactive substrate for allogeneic tooth root regeneration. This study constructed xenogeneic bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) via a combination of porcine TDM (pTDM) with allogeneic dental follicle cells (DFCs). Macrophage phenotypes are used to evaluate the remodeling process of xenogeneic bio-roots in vitro and in vivo. pTDM can facilitate odontoblast differentiation of human derived DFCs. Xenogeneic bio-roots in rat subcutaneous tissue prompt constructive response via M1 macrophage infiltration during early postimplantation stages and increase restorative M2 phenotype at later stages. After implantation of bio-roots into jaws of rhesus monkeys for six months, periodontal ligament-like fibers accompanied by macrophage polarization are observed, which are positive for COL-1, Periostin, βIII-tubulin and display such structures as fibroblasts and blood vessels. The reconstructed bio-root possesses biomechanical properties for the dissipation of masticatory forces. These results support that xenogeneic bio-root could maintain fibrotic homeostasis during remodeling process and highlight the potential application of xenogeneic matrices in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jie Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; College of Stomatology; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Department of Dental Research; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University; Kunming 650031 China
| | - Xiangyou Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Li Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Tian Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; West China School of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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215
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Status of and candidates for cell therapy in liver cirrhosis: overcoming the "point of no return" in advanced liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:129-140. [PMID: 27631592 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-016-1258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of liver cirrhosis is currently being standardized and developed specifically to reduce activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), inhibit fibrosis, increase degradation of matrix components, and reduce activated myofibroblasts. Cell therapy can be applied in the treatment of liver cirrhosis; however, the characteristic features of this therapy differ from those of other treatments because of the involvement of a living body origin and production of multiple cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and growth factors. Thus, cell therapies can potentially have multiple effects on the damaged liver, including alleviating liver cirrhosis and stimulating liver regeneration with affecting the host cells. Cell therapies initially involved autologous bone marrow cell infusion, and have recently developed to include the use of specific cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages. The associated molecular mechanisms, routes of administration, possibility of allogeneic cell therapy, and host conditions appropriate for cell therapies are now being extensively analyzed. In this review, we summarize the status and future prospects of cell therapy for liver cirrhosis.
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216
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Chalisserry EP, Nam SY, Park SH, Anil S. Therapeutic potential of dental stem cells. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417702531. [PMID: 28616151 PMCID: PMC5461911 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417702531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell biology has become an important field in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering therapy since the discovery and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell populations have also been isolated from human dental tissues, including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle progenitor cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Dental stem cells are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. The dental stem cells represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. The bioengineering technologies developed for tooth regeneration will make substantial contributions to understand the developmental process and will encourage future organ replacement by regenerative therapies in a wide variety of organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. The concept of developing tooth banking and preservation of dental stem cells is promising. Further research in the area has the potential to herald a new dawn in effective treatment of notoriously difficult diseases which could prove highly beneficial to mankind in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Paul Chalisserry
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Nam
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyug Park
- Interdisciplinary Program of Marine-Bio, Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sukumaran Anil
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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217
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Vidovic I, Banerjee A, Fatahi R, Matthews BG, Dyment NA, Kalajzic I, Mina M. αSMA-Expressing Perivascular Cells Represent Dental Pulp Progenitors In Vivo. J Dent Res 2016; 96:323-330. [PMID: 27834664 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516678208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the contribution of perivascular cells to odontoblasts during the development, growth, and repair of dentin using mouse molars as a model. We used an inducible, Cre-loxP in vivo fate-mapping approach to examine the contributions of the descendants of cells expressing the αSMA-CreERT2 transgene to the odontoblast lineage. In vivo lineage-tracing experiments in molars showed the contribution of αSMA-tdTomato+ cells to a small number of newly formed odontoblasts during primary dentinogenesis. Using an experimental pulp exposure model in molars to induce reparative dentinogenesis, we demonstrate the contribution of αSMA-tdTomato+ cells to cells secreting reparative dentin. Our results demonstrate that αSMA-tdTomato+ cells differentiated into Col2.3-GFP+ cells composed of both Dspp+ odontoblasts and Bsp+ osteoblasts. Our findings identify a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells capable of giving rise to a second generation of odontoblasts during reparative dentinogenesis. This population also makes a small contribution to odontoblasts during primary dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vidovic
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - A Banerjee
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - R Fatahi
- 2 Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - B G Matthews
- 2 Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - N A Dyment
- 2 Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I Kalajzic
- 2 Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M Mina
- 1 Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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218
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The Neurovascular Properties of Dental Stem Cells and Their Importance in Dental Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9762871. [PMID: 27688777 PMCID: PMC5027319 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9762871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the field of tissue engineering, natural tissues are reconstructed by combining growth factors, stem cells, and different biomaterials to serve as a scaffold for novel tissue growth. As adequate vascularization and innervation are essential components for the viability of regenerated tissues, there is a high need for easily accessible stem cells that are capable of supporting these functions. Within the human tooth and its surrounding tissues, different stem cell populations can be distinguished, such as dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human deciduous teeth, stem cells from the apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, and periodontal ligament stem cells. Given their straightforward and relatively easy isolation from extracted third molars, dental stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source of mesenchymal-like stem cells. Over the past decade, there have been numerous studies supporting the angiogenic, neuroprotective, and neurotrophic effects of the DSC secretome. Together with their ability to differentiate into endothelial cells and neural cell types, this makes DSCs suitable candidates for dental tissue engineering and nerve injury repair.
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219
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Van Pham P, Bich NV, Phan NK. Umbilical cord-derived stem cells (ModulatistTM) show strong immunomodulation capacity compared to adipose tissue-derived or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-016-0029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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