201
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Anoikis resistance: an essential prerequisite for tumor metastasis. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:306879. [PMID: 22505926 PMCID: PMC3296207 DOI: 10.1155/2012/306879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process including dissociation of cancer cells from primary sites, survival in the vascular system, and proliferation in distant target organs. As a barrier to metastasis, cells normally undergo an apoptotic process known as “anoikis,” a form of cell death due to loss of contact with the extracellular matrix or neighboring cells. Cancer cells acquire anoikis resistance to survive after detachment from the primary sites and travel through the circulatory and lymphatic systems to disseminate throughout the body. Because recent technological advances enable us to detect rare circulating tumor cells, which are anoikis resistant, currently, anoikis resistance becomes a hot topic in cancer research. Detailed molecular and functional analyses of anoikis resistant cells may provide insight into the biology of cancer metastasis and identify novel therapeutic targets for prevention of cancer dissemination. This paper comprehensively describes recent investigations of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying anoikis and anoikis resistance in relation to intrinsic and extrinsic death signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, growth factor receptors, energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species, membrane microdomains, and lipid rafts.
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202
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Li J, Liu B, Gao X, Ma Z, CaoSong T, Mei YA, Zheng Y. Overexpression of sigma-1 receptor inhibits ADAM10 and ADAM17 mediated shedding in vitro. Protein Cell 2012; 3:153-9. [PMID: 22322890 PMCID: PMC4875409 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a molecular chaperone protein highly enriched in the brain. Recent studies linked it to many diseases, such as drug addition, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, depression, and even cancer. Sigma-1 receptor is enriched in lipid rafts, which are membrane microdomains essential in signaling processes. One of those signaling processes is ADAM17- and ADAM10-dependent ectodomain shedding. By using an alkaline phosphatase tagged substrate reporter system, we have shown that ADAM10-dependent BTC shedding was very sensitive to both membrane lipid component change and sigma-1 receptor agonist DHEAS treatment while ADAM17-dependent HB-EGF shedding was not; and overexpression of sigma-1 receptor diminished ADAM17- and ADAM10-dependent shedding. Our results indicate that sigma-1 receptor plays an important role in modifying the function of transmembrane proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Zhixing Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Tianyi CaoSong
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yan-ai Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Yufang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
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203
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Raimondo F, Morosi L, Chinello C, Perego R, Bianchi C, Albo G, Ferrero S, Rocco F, Magni F, Pitto M. Protein profiling of microdomains purified from renal cell carcinoma and normal kidney tissue samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8:1007-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05372a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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204
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Wagner SM, Zhu S, Nicolescu AC, Mulligan LM. Molecular mechanisms of RET receptor-mediated oncogenesis in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67 Suppl 1:77-84. [PMID: 22584710 PMCID: PMC3328826 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(sup01)14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is an inherited cancer syndrome characterized by tumors of thyroid and adrenal tissues. Germline mutations of the REarranged during Transfection (RET) proto-oncogene, leading to its unregulated activation, are the underlying cause of this disease. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 has been a model in clinical cancer genetics, demonstrating how knowledge of the genetic basis can shape the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Here, we discuss the nature and effects of the most common recurrent mutations of RET found in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RET mutations and how they alter the structure and function of the RET protein leading to its aberrant activation, and the effects on RET localization and signaling are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona M Wagner
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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205
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Seeliger J, Winter R. Islet amyloid polypeptide: aggregation and fibrillogenesis in vitro and its inhibition. Subcell Biochem 2012; 65:185-209. [PMID: 23225004 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5416-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the dysfunction of b-cells which is correlated to the formation of deposits consisting of the islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). The process of human IAPP (hIAPP) self-association, the intermediate structures formed as well as the interaction of hIAPP with membrane systems seem to be responsible for the cytotoxicity. For monomeric hIAPP, a natively random coil conformation with transient a-helical parts could be determined in bulk solution, which rapidly converts to an amyloid structure consisting of cross b-sheets. By comparing the amyloidogenic propensities of hIAPP in the bulk and in the presence of various neutral and charged lipid bilayer systems as well as biological membranes, an enhancing effect of anionic and heterogeneous membranes to hIAPP fibril formation has been found. We also discuss the cross-interaction of hIAPP with other amyloidogenic peptides (e.g., insulin and Ab) and present first small-molecule inhibitors of the fibrillation process of hIAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Seeliger
- Faculty of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry I-Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany,
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206
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Staubach S, Schadewaldt P, Wendel U, Nohroudi K, Hanisch FG. Differential Glycomics of Epithelial Membrane Glycoproteins from Urinary Exovesicles Reveals Shifts toward Complex-Type N-Glycosylation in Classical Galactosemia. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:906-16. [DOI: 10.1021/pr200711w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Staubach
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Schadewaldt
- German Diabetic Centre, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry,UKD, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Udo Wendel
- Department of General Pediatrics, UKD, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Department of Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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207
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A retinoic acid receptor RARα pool present in membrane lipid rafts forms complexes with G protein αQ to activate p38MAPK. Oncogene 2011; 31:3333-45. [PMID: 22056876 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) regulates several gene programs by nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that are ligand-dependent transcriptional transregulators. The basic mechanism for switching on transcription of cognate-target genes involves RAR binding at specific response elements and a network of interactions with coregulatory protein complexes. In addition to these classical genomic effects, we recently demonstrated that RA also induces the rapid activation of the p38MAPK/MSK1 pathway, with characteristic downstream consequences on the phosphorylation of RARs and the expression of their target genes. Here, we aimed at deciphering the underlying mechanism of the rapid non-genomic effects of RA. We highlighted a novel paradigm in which a fraction of the cellular RARα pool is present in membrane lipid rafts, where it forms complexes with G protein alpha Q (Gαq) in response to RA. This rapid RA-induced formation of RARα/Gαq complexes in lipid rafts is required for the activation of p38MAPK that occurs in response to RA. Accordingly, in RA-resistant cancer cells, characterized by the absence of p38MAPK activation, RARα present in membrane lipid rafts does not associate with Gαq, pointing out the essential contribution of RARα/Gαq complexes in RA signaling.
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208
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Nimrichter L, Rodrigues ML. Fungal glucosylceramides: from structural components to biologically active targets of new antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:212. [PMID: 22025918 PMCID: PMC3198225 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The first work reporting synthesis of glucosylceramide (cerebrin, GlcCer) by yeasts was published in 1930. During approximately 70 years members of this class of glycosphingolipids (GSL) were considered merely structural components of plasma membrane in fungi. However, in the last decade GlcCer was reported to be involved with fungal growth, differentiation, virulence, immunogenicity, and lipid raft architecture in at least two human pathogens. Fungal GlcCer are structurally distinct from their mammalian counterparts and enriched at the cell wall, which makes this molecule an effective target for antifungal activity of specific ligands (peptides and antibodies to GlcCer). Therefore, GSL are promising targets for new drugs to combat fungal diseases. This review discusses the most recent information on biosynthesis and role of GlcCer in fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Nimrichter
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Bioquímica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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209
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Li C, Lu N, Qi Q, Li F, Ling Y, Chen Y, Qin Y, Li Z, Zhang H, You Q, Guo Q. Gambogic acid inhibits tumor cell adhesion by suppressing integrin β1 and membrane lipid rafts-associated integrin signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1873-83. [PMID: 21946083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion plays an important role in the steps of cancer metastasis. Regulation of cell-cell (intercellular) and cell-matrix adhesion is a promising strategy for cancer progression. Gambogic acid is a xanthone derived from the resin of the Chinese plant Garciania hanburyi, with potent anti-metastasis activity on highly metastatic cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanism of gambogic acid on tumor adhesion. We found that gambogic acid strongly inhibited the adhesion of human cancer cells to fibronectin. This inhibition was associated with the deformation of focal adhesion complex, which was mediated by suppressing the expression of integrin β1 and integrin signaling pathway. In vitro, cell lipid rafts clustering was inhibited following treatment of gambogic acid, which induced the suppression of integrin β1 and focal adhesion complex proteins colocalization within rafts. Moreover, gambogic acid significantly decreased cellular cholesterol content, whereas cholesterol replenishment lessened the inhibitory effect of gambogic acid on cell adhesion. Real-time PCR analysis showed that gambogic acid reduced mRNA levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, while increased acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1/2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gambogic acid inhibits cell adhesion via suppressing integrin β1 abundance and cholesterol content as well as the membrane lipid raft-associated integrin function, which provide new evidence for the anti-cancer activity of gambogic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention (China Pharmaceutical University), Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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210
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Abstract
The response to extracellular stimuli often alters the phosphorylation state of plasma membrane- associated proteins. In this regard, generation of a comprehensive membrane phosphoproteome can significantly enhance signal transduction and drug mechanism studies. However, analysis of this subproteome is regarded as technically challenging, given the low abundance and insolubility of integral membrane proteins, combined with difficulties in isolating, ionizing and fragmenting phosphopeptides. In this article, we highlight recent advances in membrane and phosphoprotein enrichment techniques resulting in improved identification of these elusive peptides. We also describe the use of alternative fragmentation techniques, and assess their current and future value to the field of membrane phosphoproteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Orsburn
- Drug Mechanism Group, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Luke H Stockwin
- Drug Mechanism Group, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Dianne L Newton
- Drug Mechanism Group, Developmental Therapeutics Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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