201
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Guidelines to reach high-quality purified recombinant proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:81-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Falconer IB, Mant CT, McKnight CJ, Vugmeyster L, Hodges R. Optimized purification of a fusion protein by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography informed by the linear solvent strength model. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:44-52. [PMID: 28942999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusion protein systems are commonly used for expression of small proteins and peptides. An important criterion for a fusion protein system to be useful is the ability to separate the protein of interest from the tag. Additionally, because no protease cleaves fusion proteins with 100% efficiency, the ability to separate the desired peptide from any remaining uncleaved protein is also necessary. This is likely to be the more difficult task as at least a portion of the sequence of the fusion protein is identical to that of the protein of interest. When a high level of purity is required, gradient elution reversed-phase HPLC is frequently used as a final purification step. Shallow gradients are often advantageous for maximizing both the purity and yield of the final product; however, the relationship between relative retention times at shallow gradients and those at steeper gradients typically used for analytical HPLC are not always straightforward. In this work, we report reversed-phase HPLC results for the fusion protein system consisting of the N-terminal domain of ribosomal protein L9 (NTL9) and the 36-residue villin headpiece subdomain (HP36) linked by a recognition sequence for the protease factor Xa. This system represents an excellent example of the difficulties in purification that may arise from this unexpected elution behavior at shallow gradients. Additionally, we report on the sensitivity of this elution behavior to the concentration of the additive trifluoroacetic acid in the mobile phase and present optimized conditions for separating HP36 from the full fusion protein by reversed-phase HPLC using a shallow gradient. Finally, we suggest that these findings are relevant to the purification of other fusion protein systems, for which similar problems may arise, and support this suggestion using insights from the linear solvent strength model of gradient elution liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac B Falconer
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, United States
| | - Colin T Mant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - C James McKnight
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Liliya Vugmeyster
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, United States.
| | - Robert Hodges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States.
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203
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Boldinova EO, Stojkovič G, Khairullin R, Wanrooij S, Makarova AV. Optimization of the expression, purification and polymerase activity reaction conditions of recombinant human PrimPol. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184489. [PMID: 28902865 PMCID: PMC5597260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human PrimPol is a DNA primase/polymerase involved in DNA damage tolerance and prevents nuclear genome instability. PrimPol is also localized to the mitochondria, but its precise function in mitochondrial DNA maintenance has remained elusive. PrimPol works both as a translesion (TLS) polymerase and as the primase that restarts DNA replication after a lesion. However, the observed biochemical activities of PrimPol vary considerably between studies as a result of different reaction conditions used. To reveal the effects of reaction composition on PrimPol DNA polymerase activity, we tested the polymerase activity in the presence of various buffer agents, salt concentrations, pH values and metal cofactors. Additionally, the enzyme stability was analyzed under various conditions. We demonstrate that the reaction buffer with pH 6–6.5, low salt concentrations and 3 mM Mg2+ or 0.3–3 mM Mn2+ cofactor ions supports the highest DNA polymerase activity of human PrimPol in vitro. The DNA polymerase activity of PrimPol was found to be stable after multiple freeze-thaw cycles and prolonged protein incubation on ice. However, rapid heat-inactivation of the enzyme was observed at 37ºC. We also for the first time describe the purification of human PrimPol from a human cell line and compare the benefits of this approach to the expression in Escherichia coli and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Our results show that active PrimPol can be purified from E. coli and human suspension cell line in high quantities and that the activity of the purified enzyme is similar in both expression systems. Conversely, the yield of full-length protein expressed in S. cerevisiae was considerably lower and this system is therefore not recommended for expression of full-length recombinant human PrimPol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta O. Boldinova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technologies, Vernadsky Prospect 78, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gorazd Stojkovič
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rafil Khairullin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, K.Marx, 18 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sjoerd Wanrooij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail: (AVM); (SW)
| | - Alena V. Makarova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov sq. 2, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail: (AVM); (SW)
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204
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Nieto Clavijo CA, Forero Baena N, Ramírez Hernández MH. Diseño y producción de diversas proteínas fusión de la nicotinamida/nicotinato mononucleótido adenilil transferasa (NMNAT) de Plasmodium falciparum. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE QUÍMICA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v46n3.63492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Las proteínas recombinantes se han convertido en herramientas útiles en la investigación bioquímica. Sin embargo, durante su producción, aparecen cuerpos de inclusión (IB), debido, por un lado, a la alta expresión de proteína producida a partir de los vectores usados que poseen promotores de alta eficiencia y, por otro lado, a características propias de la proteína. Ahora bien, la nicotinamida/nicotinato mononucleótido adenililtransferasa (NMNAT) es una proteína central en la biosíntesis del NAD(H)+, molécula esencial en el metabolismo celular, y ha sido estudiada en parásitos protozoos. Para el estudio de la NMNAT de estos parásitos se ha recurrido a la expresión de su versión recombinante en E. coli, obteniéndose gran cantidad de proteína como IB. Con el fin de aumentar la solubilidad de la proteína, se clonó la secuencia codificante de la NMNAT de Plasmodium falciparum en diferentes vectores de expresión, se indujo la expresión de la proteína recombinante en E. coli BL21(DE3) y se analizó la solubilidad. La proteína fusión con mayor solubilidad fue purificada y evaluada enzimáticamente. La adición de la etiqueta MBP (proteína de unión a maltosa) a la PfNMNAT incrementó su solubilidad y permitió obtener una proteína funcional con una alta pureza.
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205
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Li Y, Kang C. Solution NMR Spectroscopy in Target-Based Drug Discovery. Molecules 2017; 22:E1399. [PMID: 28832542 PMCID: PMC6151424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study protein structures and dynamics under physiological conditions. This technique is particularly useful in target-based drug discovery projects as it provides protein-ligand binding information in solution. Accumulated studies have shown that NMR will play more and more important roles in multiple steps of the drug discovery process. In a fragment-based drug discovery process, ligand-observed and protein-observed NMR spectroscopy can be applied to screen fragments with low binding affinities. The screened fragments can be further optimized into drug-like molecules. In combination with other biophysical techniques, NMR will guide structure-based drug discovery. In this review, we describe the possible roles of NMR spectroscopy in drug discovery. We also illustrate the challenges encountered in the drug discovery process. We include several examples demonstrating the roles of NMR in target-based drug discoveries such as hit identification, ranking ligand binding affinities, and mapping the ligand binding site. We also speculate the possible roles of NMR in target engagement based on recent processes in in-cell NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #03-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
| | - Congbao Kang
- Experimental Therapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos, #03-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
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206
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Keller D, Beloqui A, Martínez-Martínez M, Ferrer M, Delaittre G. Nitrilotriacetic Amine-Functionalized Polymeric Core–Shell Nanoparticles as Enzyme Immobilization Supports. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:2777-2788. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Keller
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer
Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer
Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mónica Martínez-Martínez
- Institute
of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Ferrer
- Institute
of Catalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer
Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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207
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Spyropoulou EA, Dekker HL, Steemers L, van Maarseveen JH, de Koster CG, Haring MA, Schuurink RC, Allmann S. Identification and Characterization of (3 Z):(2 E)-Hexenal Isomerases from Cucumber. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1342. [PMID: 28824678 PMCID: PMC5539243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
E-2-hexenal is a volatile compound that is commonly emitted by wounded or stressed plants. It belongs to the group of so-called green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which play an important role in transferring information to plants and insects. While most biosynthetic enzymes upstream of E-2-hexenal have been studied extensively, much less is known about the enzyme responsible for the conversion from Z-3- to E-2-hexenal. In this study we have identified two (3Z):(2E)-hexenal isomerases (HIs) from cucumber fruits by classical biochemical fractionation techniques and we were able to confirm their activity by heterologous expression. Recombinant protein of the HIs did not only convert the leaf aldehyde Z-3-hexenal to E-2-hexenal, but also (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal to (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, these last two representing major flavor volatiles of cucumber fruits. Transient expression of the cucumber HIs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves drastically changed the GLV bouquet of damaged plants from a Z-3- to an E-2-enriched GLV profile. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that the two HIs showed distinct expression patterns. While HI-1 was specifically expressed in the flesh of cucumber fruits HI-2 was expressed in leaves as well. Interestingly, wounding of cucumber leaves caused only a slight increase in HI-2 transcript levels. These results demonstrate that cucumber HIs are responsible for the rearrangement of Z-3-aldehydes in both leaves and fruits. Future research will reveal the physiological importance of an increased conversion to E-2-aldehydes for plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A. Spyropoulou
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk L. Dekker
- Department of Mass Spectrometry of Biomacromolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Steemers
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Maarseveen
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris G. de Koster
- Department of Mass Spectrometry of Biomacromolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel A. Haring
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silke Allmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdam, Netherlands
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208
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Rezaie F, Davami F, Mansouri K, Agha Amiri S, Fazel R, Mahdian R, Davoudi N, Enayati S, Azizi M, Khalaj V. Cytosolic expression of functional Fab fragments in Escherichia coli
using a novel combination of dual SUMO expression cassette and EnBase®
cultivation mode. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:134-144. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Rezaie
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - F. Davami
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - K. Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - S. Agha Amiri
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - R. Fazel
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - R. Mahdian
- Molecular Medicine Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - N. Davoudi
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - S. Enayati
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - M. Azizi
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - V. Khalaj
- Medical Biotechnology Department; Biotechnology Research Center; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
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209
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Expression of Plant Receptor Kinases in E. coli. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28567638 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7063-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Plant receptor kinases play diverse signaling roles in disease resistance and plant development. They represent a large plant gene family with over 600 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. While the functions of several members of the receptor kinase family have now been elucidated, a great proportion still remains uncharacterized. The structural and functional characterization of such plant receptor kinases may entail biochemical approaches that require access to purified protein, which can be made possible through heterologous protein expression. This chapter describes a strategy for expressing plant receptor kinases in E. coli, a bacterial host that has successfully been used to express and purify certain plant receptor kinase domains, some of which were subsequently used for biochemical assays. As full-length receptor-like kinases may be difficult to express, it is suggested to clone and express domains separately, after having identified domain borders using bioinformatics tools. A detailed cloning protocol is provided, as well as advice for testing expression efficiency and handling of expressed protein ending up in inclusion bodies.
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210
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Movement protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus is genetically unstable and negatively regulated by Ribonuclease E in E. coli. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2133. [PMID: 28522867 PMCID: PMC5437062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement protein (MP) of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) belongs to “30 K” superfamily of proteins and members of this family are known to show a wide array of functions. In the present study this gene was found to be genetically unstable in E. coli when transformed DH5α cells were grown at 28 °C and 37 °C. However, genetic instability was not encountered at 20 °C. Heterologous over expression failed despite the use of different transcriptional promoters and translational fusion constructs. Total cell lysate when subjected to western blotting using anti-ACLSV MP antibodies, showed degradation/cleavage of the expressed full-length protein. This degradation pointed at severe proteolysis or instability of the corresponding mRNA. Predicted secondary structure analysis of the transcript revealed a potential cleavage site for an endoribonuclease (RNase E) of E. coli. The negating effect of RNase E on transcript stability and expression was confirmed by northern blotting and quantitative RT-PCR of the RNA extracted from RNase E temperature sensitive mutant (strain N3431). The five fold accumulation of transcripts at non-permissive temperature (43 °C) suggests the direct role of RNase E in regulating the expression of ACLSV MP in E. coli.
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211
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Abud JE, Luque EH, Ramos JG, Rodriguez HA. Production of monoclonal antibodies and development of a quantitative immuno-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and quantify recombinant Glutathione S-transferase. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 135:16-23. [PMID: 28458052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GST-tagged proteins are important tools for the production of recombinant proteins. Removal of GST tag from its fusion protein, frequently by harsh chemical treatments or proteolytic methods, is often required. Thus, the monitoring of the proteins in tag-free form requires a significant effort to determine the remnants of GST during purification process. In the present study, we developed both a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) assay, both specific for detection of recombinant GST (rGST). rGST was expressed in Escherichia coli JM109, using a pGEX4T-3 vector, and several anti-rGST monoclonal antibodies were generated using hybridoma technology. Two of these were rationally selected as capture and detection antibodies, allowing the development of a sandwich ELISA with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 μg/ml. To develop the rGST-IPCR assay, we selected "Universal-IPCR" format, comprising the biotin-avidin binding as the coupling system. In addition, the rGST-IPCR was developed in standard PCR tubes, and the surface adsorption of antibodies on PCR tubes, the optimal neutravidin concentrations, the generation of a reporter DNA and the concentration effect were studied and determined. Under optimized assay conditions, the rGST-IPCR assay provided a 100-fold increase in the LOD as well as an expanded working range, in comparison with rGST-ELISA. The proposed method exhibited great potentiality for application in several fields in which measurement of very low levels of GST is necessary, and might provide a model for other IPCR assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Abud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - E H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J G Ramos
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - H A Rodriguez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo s/n, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CP3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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212
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Nagamune T. Biomolecular engineering for nanobio/bionanotechnology. NANO CONVERGENCE 2017; 4:9. [PMID: 28491487 PMCID: PMC5401866 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-017-0103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular engineering can be used to purposefully manipulate biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, within the framework of the relations among their structures, functions and properties, as well as their applicability to such areas as developing novel biomaterials, biosensing, bioimaging, and clinical diagnostics and therapeutics. Nanotechnology can also be used to design and tune the sizes, shapes, properties and functionality of nanomaterials. As such, there are considerable overlaps between nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering, in that both are concerned with the structure and behavior of materials on the nanometer scale or smaller. Therefore, in combination with nanotechnology, biomolecular engineering is expected to open up new fields of nanobio/bionanotechnology and to contribute to the development of novel nanobiomaterials, nanobiodevices and nanobiosystems. This review highlights recent studies using engineered biological molecules (e.g., oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins, enzymes, polysaccharides, lipids, biological cofactors and ligands) combined with functional nanomaterials in nanobio/bionanotechnology applications, including therapeutics, diagnostics, biosensing, bioanalysis and biocatalysts. Furthermore, this review focuses on five areas of recent advances in biomolecular engineering: (a) nucleic acid engineering, (b) gene engineering, (c) protein engineering, (d) chemical and enzymatic conjugation technologies, and (e) linker engineering. Precisely engineered nanobiomaterials, nanobiodevices and nanobiosystems are anticipated to emerge as next-generation platforms for bioelectronics, biosensors, biocatalysts, molecular imaging modalities, biological actuators, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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213
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Dagar VK, Adivitiya, Khasa YP. High-level expression and efficient refolding of therapeutically important recombinant human Interleukin-3 (hIL-3) in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 131:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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214
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Christensen U, Vazquez-Albacete D, Søgaard KM, Hobel T, Nielsen MT, Harrison SJ, Hansen AH, Møller BL, Seppälä S, Nørholm MHH. De-bugging and maximizing plant cytochrome P450 production in Escherichia coli with C-terminal GFP fusions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4103-4113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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215
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Sequeira AF, Turchetto J, Saez NJ, Peysson F, Ramond L, Duhoo Y, Blémont M, Fernandes VO, Gama LT, Ferreira LMA, Guerreiro CIPI, Gilles N, Darbon H, Fontes CMGA, Vincentelli R. Gene design, fusion technology and TEV cleavage conditions influence the purification of oxidized disulphide-rich venom peptides in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:4. [PMID: 28093085 PMCID: PMC5240416 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0618-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal venoms are large, complex libraries of bioactive, disulphide-rich peptides. These peptides, and their novel biological activities, are of increasing pharmacological and therapeutic importance. However, recombinant expression of venom peptides in Escherichia coli remains difficult due to the significant number of cysteine residues requiring effective post-translational processing. There is also an urgent need to develop high-throughput recombinant protocols applicable to the production of reticulated peptides to enable efficient screening of their drug potential. Here, a comprehensive study was developed to investigate how synthetic gene design, choice of fusion tag, compartment of expression, tag removal conditions and protease recognition site affect levels of solubility of oxidized venom peptides produced in E. coli. Results The data revealed that expression of venom peptides imposes significant pressure on cysteine codon selection. DsbC was the best fusion tag for venom peptide expression, in particular when the fusion was directed to the bacterial periplasm. While the redox activity of DsbC was not essential to maximize expression of recombinant fusion proteins, redox activity did lead to higher levels of correctly folded target peptides. With the exception of proline, the canonical TEV protease recognition site tolerated all other residues at its C-terminus, confirming that no non-native residues, which might affect activity, need to be incorporated at the N-terminus of recombinant peptides for tag removal. Conclusions This study reveals that E. coli is a convenient heterologous host for the expression of soluble and functional venom peptides. Using the optimal construct design, a large and diverse range of animal venom peptides were produced in the µM scale. These results open up new possibilities for the high-throughput production of recombinant disulphide-rich peptides in E. coli. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0618-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Sequeira
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.,NZYtech Genes & Enzymes, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do paço do Lumiar, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jeremy Turchetto
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Natalie J Saez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Fanny Peysson
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Laurie Ramond
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Yoan Duhoo
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Marilyne Blémont
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Vânia O Fernandes
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís T Gama
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís M A Ferreira
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.,NZYtech Genes & Enzymes, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do paço do Lumiar, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina I P I Guerreiro
- NZYtech Genes & Enzymes, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do paço do Lumiar, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Gilles
- CEA/DRF/iBiTecS, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, 91191, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Darbon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.,NZYtech Genes & Enzymes, Campus do Lumiar, Estrada do paço do Lumiar, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Renaud Vincentelli
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7257, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix-Marseille Université, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), Marseille, France.
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216
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Expression and Production of SH2 Domain Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28092031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6762-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain lies at the heart of phosphotyrosine signaling, coordinating signaling events downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), adaptors, and scaffolds. Over a hundred SH2 domains are present in mammals, each having a unique specificity which determines its interactions with multiple binding partners. One of the essential tools necessary for studying and determining the role of SH2 domains in phosphotyrosine signaling is a set of soluble recombinant SH2 proteins. Here we describe methods, based on a broad experience with purification of all SH2 domains, for the production of SH2 domain proteins needed for proteomic and biochemical-based studies such as peptide arrays, mass-spectrometry, protein microarrays, reverse-phase microarrays, and high-throughput fluorescence polarization (HTP-FP). We describe stepwise protocols for expression and purification of SH2 domains using GST or poly His-tags, two widely adopted affinity tags. In addition, we address alternative approaches, challenges, and validation studies for assessing protein quality and provide general characteristics of purified human SH2 domains.
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217
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Strategies for over-expression and purification of recombinant full length STAT5B in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 129:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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218
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Yee SF, Chu CH, Poili E, Sum MSH. Expression and the antigenicity of recombinant coat proteins of tungro viruses expressed in Escherichia coli. J Virol Methods 2016; 240:69-72. [PMID: 27923590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rice tungro disease (RTD) is a recurring disease affecting rice farming especially in the South and Southeast Asia. The disease is commonly diagnosed by visual observation of the symptoms on diseased plants in paddy fields and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, visual observation is unreliable and PCR can be costly. High-throughput as well as relatively cheap detection methods are important for RTD management for screening large number of samples. Due to this, detection by serological assays such as immunoblotting assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are preferred. However, these serological assays are limited by lack of continuous supply of antibodies as reagents due to the difficulty in preparing sufficient purified virions as antigens. This study aimed to generate and evaluate the reactivity of the recombinant coat proteins of Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) as alternative antigens to generate antibodies. The genes encoding the coat proteins of both viruses, RTBV (CP), and RTSV (CP1, CP2 and CP3) were cloned and expressed as recombinant fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. All of the recombinant fusion proteins, with the exception of the recombinant fusion protein of the CP2 of RTSV, were reactive against our in-house anti-tungro rabbit serum. In conclusion, our study showed the potential use of the recombinant fusion coat proteins of the tungro viruses as alternative antigens for production of antibodies for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Fung Yee
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia; Agriculture Research Centre Semongok, Department of Agriculture, Sarawak, Jalan Puncak Borneo, 93720 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Chia Huay Chu
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Evenni Poili
- Agriculture Research Centre Tuaran, Department of Agriculture, Sabah, P.O. Box No. 3, 89207 Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Magdline Sia Henry Sum
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
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219
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Hungler A, Momin A, Diederichs K, Arold ST. ContaMiner and ContaBase: a webserver and database for early identification of unwantedly crystallized protein contaminants. J Appl Crystallogr 2016; 49:2252-2258. [PMID: 27980519 PMCID: PMC5140001 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716014965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Solving the phase problem in protein X-ray crystallography relies heavily on the identity of the crystallized protein, especially when molecular replacement (MR) methods are used. Yet, it is not uncommon that a contaminant crystallizes instead of the protein of interest. Such contaminants may be proteins from the expression host organism, protein fusion tags or proteins added during the purification steps. Many contaminants co-purify easily, crystallize and give good diffraction data. Identification of contaminant crystals may take time, since the presence of the contaminant is unexpected and its identity unknown. A webserver (ContaMiner) and a contaminant database (ContaBase) have been established, to allow fast MR-based screening of crystallographic data against currently 62 known contaminants. The web-based ContaMiner (available at http://strube.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/contaminer/) currently produces results in 5 min to 4 h. The program is also available in a github repository and can be installed locally. ContaMiner enables screening of novel crystals at synchrotron beamlines, and it would be valuable as a routine safety check for 'crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis' publications. Thus, in addition to potentially saving X-ray crystallographers much time and effort, ContaMiner might considerably lower the risk of publishing erroneous data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Hungler
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Computational Bioscience Research (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaque Momin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Computational Bioscience Research (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kay Diederichs
- Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, M647, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan, T. Arold
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Center for Computational Bioscience Research (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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220
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Yadav DK, Yadav N, Yadav S, Haque S, Tuteja N. An insight into fusion technology aiding efficient recombinant protein production for functional proteomics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 612:57-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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221
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Nekrasova O, Kudryashova K, Fradkov A, Yakimov S, Savelieva M, Kirpichnikov M, Feofanov A. Straightforward approach to produce recombinant scorpion toxins-Pore blockers of potassium channels. J Biotechnol 2016; 241:127-135. [PMID: 27914892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion venom peptide blockers (KTx) of potassium channels are a valuable tool for structure-functional studies and prospective candidates for medical applications. Low yields of recombinant KTx hamper their wide application. We developed convenient and efficient bioengineering approach to a large-scale KTx production that meets increasing demands for such peptides. Maltose-binding protein was used as a carrier for cytoplasmic expression of folded disulfide-rich KTx in E. coli. TEV protease was applied for in vitro cleavage of the target peptide from the carrier. To produce KTx with retained native N-terminal sequence, the last residue of TEV protease cleavage site (CSTEV) was occupied by the native N-terminal residue of a target peptide. It was shown that decreased efficiency of hydrolysis of fusion proteins with non-canonical CSTEV can be overcome without by-product formation. Disulfide formation and folding of a target peptide occurred in cytoplasm eliminating the need for renaturation procedure in vitro. Advantages of this approach were demonstrated by producing six peptides with three disulfide bonds related to four KTx sub-families and achieving peptide yields of 12-22mg per liter of culture. The developed approach can be of general use for low-cost production of various KTx, as well as other disulfide-rich peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Nekrasova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Kudryashova
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkadiy Fradkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Yakimov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Savelieva
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Mikhail Kirpichnikov
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Feofanov
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 119992, Russia; Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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222
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Recombinant production of influenza hemagglutinin and HIV-1 GP120 antigenic peptides using a cleavable self-aggregating tag. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35430. [PMID: 27808126 PMCID: PMC5093863 DOI: 10.1038/srep35430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for antigenic peptides in the development of novel serologic diagnostics and epitope-based vaccines requires rapid and reliable peptide synthesis techniques. Here we investigated a method for efficient recombinant expression and purification of medium- to large-sized antigenic peptides in E. coli. Previously we devised a streamlined protein expression and purification scheme based on a cleavable self-aggregating tag (cSAT), which comprised an intein molecule and a self-aggregating peptide ELK16. In this scheme, the target proteins were fused in the C-termini with cSAT and expressed as insoluble aggregates. After intein self-cleavage, target proteins were released into the soluble fraction with high yield and reasonable purity. We demonstrated the applicability of this scheme by preparing seven model viral peptides, with lengths ranging from 32 aa to 72 aa. By adding an N-terminal thioredoxin tag, we enhanced the yield of target peptides released from the aggregates. The purified viral peptides demonstrated high antigenic activities in ELISA and were successfully applied to dissecting the antigenic regions of influenza hemagglutinin. The cSAT scheme described here allows for the rapid and low-cost preparation of multiple antigenic peptides for immunological screening of a broad range of viral antigens.
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223
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Hong TJ, Hahn JS. Application of SGT1-Hsp90 chaperone complex for soluble expression of NOD1 LRR domain in E. coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1647-52. [PMID: 27591899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NOD1 is an intracellular sensor of innate immunity which is related to a number of inflammatory diseases. NOD1 is known to be difficult to express and purify for structural and biochemical studies. Based on the fact that Hsp90 and its cochaperone SGT1 are necessary for the stabilization and activation of NOD1 in mammals, SGT1 was chosen as a fusion partner of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of NOD1 for its soluble expression in Escherichia coli. Fusion of human SGT1 (hSGT1) to NOD1 LRR significantly enhanced the solubility, and the fusion protein was stabilized by coexpression of mouse Hsp90α. The expression level of hSGT1-NOD1 LRR was further enhanced by supplementation of rare codon tRNAs and exchange of antibiotic marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Joon Hong
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Hahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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224
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Khalid R, Afzal M, Khurshid S, Paracha RZ, Khan IH, Akhtar MW. Fusion Molecules of Heat Shock Protein HSPX with Other Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Show High Potential in Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163349. [PMID: 27654048 PMCID: PMC5031420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Variable individual response against the antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis necessitates detection of multiple antibodies for enhancing reliability of serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Fusion molecules consisting of two or more antigens showing high sensitivity would be helpful in achieving this objective. Antigens of M. tuberculosis HSPX and PE35 were expressed in a soluble form whereas tnPstS1 and FbpC1 were expressed as inclusion bodies at 37°C. Heat shock protein HSPX when attached to the N-termini of the antigens PE35, tnPstS1 and FbpC1, all the fusion molecules were expressed at high levels in E. coli in a soluble form. ELISA analysis of the plasma samples of TB patients against HSPX-tnPstS1 showed 57.7% sensitivity which is nearly the same as the expected combined value obtained after deducting the number of plasma samples (32) containing the antibodies against both the individual antigens. Likewise, the 54.4% sensitivity of HSPX-PE35 was nearly the same as that expected from the combined values of the contributing antigens. Structural analysis of all the fusion molecules by CD spectroscopy showed that α-helical and β-sheet contents were found close to those obtained through molecular modeling. Molecular modeling studies of HSPX-tnPstS1 and HSPX-PE35 support the analytical results as most of the epitopes of the contributing antigens were found to be available for binding to the corresponding antibodies. Using these fusion molecules in combination with other antigenic molecules should reduce the number of antigenic proteins required for a more reliable and economical serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Also, HSPX seems to have potential application in soluble expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqyya Khalid
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Afzal
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khurshid
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Zafar Paracha
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran H. Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Waheed Akhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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225
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Patel SN, Sharma M, Lata K, Singh U, Kumar V, Sangwan RS, Singh SP. Improved operational stability of d-psicose 3-epimerase by a novel protein engineering strategy, and d-psicose production from fruit and vegetable residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:121-127. [PMID: 27235974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to improve stability of d-psicose 3-epimerase and biotransformation of fruit and vegetable residues for d-psicose production. The study established that N-terminal fusion of a yeast homolog of SUMO protein - Smt3 - can confer elevated optimal temperature and improved operational stability to d-psicose 3-epimerase. The Smt3-d-psicose 3-epimerase conjugate system exhibited relatively better catalytic efficiency, and improved productivity in terms of space-time yields of about 8.5kgL(-1)day(-1). It could serve as a promising catalytic tool for the pilot scale production of the functional sugar, d-psicose. Furthermore, a novel approach for economical production of d-psicose was developed by enzymatic and microbial bioprocessing of fruit and vegetable residues, aimed at epimerization of in situd-fructose to d-psicose. The bioprocessing led to achievement of d-psicose production to the extent of 25-35% conversion (w/w) of d-fructose contained in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan Patel
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India
| | - Kusum Lata
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India
| | - Umesh Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India
| | - Rajender S Sangwan
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Mohali, India.
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226
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The promises and challenges of fusion constructs in protein biochemistry and enzymology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8273-81. [PMID: 27541749 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusion constructs are used to improve the properties of or impart novel functionality to proteins for biotechnological applications. The biochemical characteristics of enzymes or functional proteins optimized by fusion include catalytic efficiency, stability, activity, expression, secretion, and solubility. In this review, we summarize the parameters of enzymes or functional proteins that can be modified by fusion constructs. For each parameter, fusion strategies and molecular partners are examined using examples from recent studies. Future prospects in this field are also discussed. This review is expected to increase interest in and advance fusion strategies for optimization of enzymes and other functional proteins.
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227
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Díaz-Ayala R, Moya-Rodríguez A, Pietri R, Cadilla CL, López-Garriga J. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a (Lys)6-Tagged Sulfide-Reactive Hemoglobin I from Lucina pectinata. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:1050-62. [PMID: 26482241 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A poly-Lys tag was fused to the Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I (HbI) coding sequence and purified using an efficient and fast process. HbI is a hemeprotein that binds hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with high affinity and it has been used to understand physiologically relevant reactions of this signaling molecule. The (Lys)6-tagged rHbI construct was expressed in E. coli and purified by immobilization on a cation exchange matrix, followed by size-exclusion chromatography. The identity, structure, and function of the (Lys)6-tagged rHbI were assessed by mass spectrometry, small and wide X-ray scattering, optical spectroscopy, and kinetic analysis. The scattering and spectroscopic results showed that the (Lys)6-tagged rHbI is structurally and functionally analogous to the native protein as well as to the (His)6-tagged rHbI. Kinetics studies with H2S indicated that the association (k on) and dissociation (k off) rate constants were 1.4 × 10(5)/M/s and 0.1 × 10(-3)/s, respectively. This results confirmed that the (Lys)6-tagged rHbI binds H2S with the same high affinity as its homologue.
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228
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Tian S, Chen H, Sun T, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Xia J, Guo C, Lin D. Expression, purification and characterization of Esx-1 secretion-associated protein EspL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:42-51. [PMID: 27496726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Esx-1 cluster encodes a special secretion system that is important for granuloma formation and virulence when Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects the host. As one of the 'core' genes in the cluster, Rv3880c gene codes an Esx-1 secretion-associated protein EspL from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtEspL). It has been reported that EspL had a strong influence on the secretion of other two virulence factors, EsxA and EspE. However, so far little is known about the tertiary structure and specific function of MtEspL due to the difficulty in preparing the high-quality protein. In this study, we tried several fusion tags and various expression conditions to recombinantly express MtEspL. Through a four-step purification procedure, ultimately, we successfully prepared the full-length MtEspL in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with a purity of 98%. The yields of the purified MtEspL protein were 14 mg/L in Luria Bertani medium and 5.6 mg/L in M9 minimal medium, respectively. Biophysical experiments showed that MtEspL existed in a dimeric form. Moreover, the (1)H-(15)N HSQC spectrum recorded on MtEspL illustrates a favorable dispersion of the resonance peaks, indicating that the symmetric dimeric MtEspL adopted a well-folded structure and might be feasible to determine its solution structure by NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, we identified a strong DNA-binding ability of MtEspL with fluorescence quenching experiments. Our work lays the basis for further structural determination and functional exploration of MtEspL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangliang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hanyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinmei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chenyun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Donghai Lin
- Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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229
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Ren G, Ke N, Berkmen M. Use of the SHuffle Strains in Production of Proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 85:5.26.1-5.26.21. [PMID: 27479507 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli continues to be a popular expression host for the production of proteins, yet successful recombinant expression of active proteins to high yields remains a trial and error process. This is mainly due to decoupling of the folding factors of a protein from its native host, when expressed recombinantly in E. coli. Failure to fold could be due to many reasons but is often due to lack of post-translational modifications that are absent in E. coli. One such post-translational modification is the formation of disulfide bonds, a common feature of secreted proteins. The genetically engineered SHuffle cells offer an expression solution to proteins that require disulfide bonds for their folding and activity. The purpose of this protocol unit is to familiarize the researcher with the biology of SHuffle cells and guide the experimental design in order to optimize and increase the chances of successful expression of their desired protein of choice. Example of the expression and purification of a model disulfide-bonded protein DsbC is described in detail. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Na Ke
- New England Biolabs, Ipswich, Massachusetts
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230
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Torres-Huerta AL, Martínez-Miguel RM, Bazán-Tejeda ML, Bermúdez-Cruz RM. Characterization of recombinase DMC1B and its functional role as Rad51 in DNA damage repair in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites. Biochimie 2016; 127:173-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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231
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Stable preparations of tyrosine hydroxylase provide the solution structure of the full-length enzyme. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30390. [PMID: 27462005 PMCID: PMC4961952 DOI: 10.1038/srep30390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters. TH is a highly complex enzyme at mechanistic, structural, and regulatory levels, and the preparation of kinetically and conformationally stable enzyme for structural characterization has been challenging. Here, we report on improved protocols for purification of recombinant human TH isoform 1 (TH1), which provide large amounts of pure, stable, active TH1 with an intact N-terminus. TH1 purified through fusion with a His-tagged maltose-binding protein on amylose resin was representative of the iron-bound functional enzyme, showing high activity and stabilization by the natural feedback inhibitor dopamine. TH1 purified through fusion with a His-tagged ZZ domain on TALON is remarkably stable, as it was partially inhibited by resin-derived cobalt. This more stable enzyme preparation provided high-quality small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data and reliable structural models of full-length tetrameric TH1. The SAXS-derived model reveals an elongated conformation (Dmax = 20 nm) for TH1, different arrangement of the catalytic domains compared with the crystal structure of truncated forms, and an N-terminal region with an unstructured tail that hosts the phosphorylation sites and a separated Ala-rich helical motif that may have a role in regulation of TH by interacting with binding partners.
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232
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Seo JH, Kim HH, Jeon EY, Song YH, Shin CS, Park JB. Engineering of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase-based Escherichia coli biocatalyst for large scale biotransformation of ricinoleic acid into (Z)-11-(heptanoyloxy)undec-9-enoic acid. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28223. [PMID: 27311560 PMCID: PMC4911592 DOI: 10.1038/srep28223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMOs) are able to catalyze regiospecific Baeyer-Villiger oxygenation of a variety of cyclic and linear ketones to generate the corresponding lactones and esters, respectively. However, the enzymes are usually difficult to express in a functional form in microbial cells and are rather unstable under process conditions hindering their large-scale applications. Thereby, we investigated engineering of the BVMO from Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and the gene expression system to improve its activity and stability for large-scale biotransformation of ricinoleic acid (1) into the ester (i.e., (Z)-11-(heptanoyloxy)undec-9-enoic acid) (3), which can be hydrolyzed into 11-hydroxyundec-9-enoic acid (5) (i.e., a precursor of polyamide-11) and n-heptanoic acid (4). The polyionic tag-based fusion engineering of the BVMO and the use of a synthetic promoter for constitutive enzyme expression allowed the recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the BVMO and the secondary alcohol dehydrogenase of Micrococcus luteus to produce the ester (3) to 85 mM (26.6 g/L) within 5 h. The 5 L scale biotransformation process was then successfully scaled up to a 70 L bioreactor; 3 was produced to over 70 mM (21.9 g/L) in the culture medium 6 h after biotransformation. This study demonstrated that the BVMO-based whole-cell reactions can be applied for large-scale biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hyun Seo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ha Song
- AP Technology, Suwon, Kyunggi 443-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Soo Shin
- AP Technology, Suwon, Kyunggi 443-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Byung Park
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
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233
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Yeboah A, Cohen RI, Rabolli C, Yarmush ML, Berthiaume F. Elastin-like polypeptides: A strategic fusion partner for biologics. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:1617-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Yeboah
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Rutgers University; Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Rick I. Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
| | - Charles Rabolli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
- Center for Engineering in Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Shriners Burns Hospital; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway 08854 New Jersey
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234
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Malik A. Protein fusion tags for efficient expression and purification of recombinant proteins in the periplasmic space of E. coli. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 28330113 PMCID: PMC4742420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds occurred in majority of secreted protein. Formation of correct disulfide bonds are must for achieving native conformation, solubility and activity. Production of recombinant proteins containing disulfide bond for therapeutic, diagnostic and various other purposes is a challenging task of research. Production of such proteins in the reducing cytosolic compartment of E. coli usually ends up in inclusion bodies formation. Refolding of inclusion bodies can be difficult, time and labor consuming and uneconomical. Translocation of these proteins into the oxidative periplasmic compartment provides correct environment to undergo proper disulfide bonds formation and thus achieving native conformation. However, not all proteins can be efficiently translocated to the periplasm with the help of bacterial signal peptides. Therefore, fusion to a small well-folded and stable periplasmic protein is more promising for periplasmic production of disulfide bonded proteins. In the past decades, several full-length proteins or domains were used for enhancing translocation and solubility. Here, protein fusion tags that significantly increase the yields of target proteins in the periplasmic space are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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235
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Nguyen MT, Krupa M, Koo BK, Song JA, Vu TTT, Do BH, Nguyen AN, Seo T, Yoo J, Jeong B, Jin J, Lee KJ, Oh HB, Choe H. Prokaryotic Soluble Overexpression and Purification of Human VEGF165 by Fusion to a Maltose Binding Protein Tag. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156296. [PMID: 27231876 PMCID: PMC4883780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis and plays a central role in the process of tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Escherichia coli is one of the most common expression systems used for the production of recombinant proteins; however, expression of human VEGF in E. coli has proven difficult because the E. coli-expressed VEGF tends to be misfolded and forms inclusion bodies, resulting in poor solubility. In this study, we successfully produced semi-preparative amounts of soluble bioactive human VEGF165 (hVEGF). We created seven N-terminal fusion tag constructs with hexahistidine (His6), thioredoxin (Trx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose-binding protein (MBP), N-utilization substance protein A (NusA), human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and the b'a' domain of PDI (PDIb'a'), and tested each construct for soluble overexpression in E. coli. We found that at 18°C, 92.8% of the MBP-tagged hVEGF to be soluble and that this tag significantly increased the protein's solubility. We successfully purified 0.8 mg of pure hVEGF per 500 mL cell culture. The purified hVEGF is stable after tag cleavage, contains very low levels of endotoxin, and is 97.6% pure. Using an Flk1+ mesodermal precursor cell (MPC) differentiation assay, we show that the purified hVEGF is not only bioactive but has similar bioactivity to hVEGF produced in mammalian cells. Previous reports on producing hVEGF in E. coli have all been based on refolding of the protein from inclusion bodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report on successfully expressing and purifying soluble hVEGF in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tan Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Martin Krupa
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bon-Kyung Koo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jung-A Song
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Thu Trang Thi Vu
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Bich Hang Do
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Anh Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Taewook Seo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jiwon Yoo
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Boram Jeong
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, New Drug Development Center, Division of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Chungbuk, 363–951, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Heung-Bum Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology and Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Qian F, Li M, Chen Y, Jiang L, Xu H. Salmonella flagellin acted as an effective fusion partner for expression of Plasmodium falciparum surface protein 25 in Escherichia coli. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2362-4. [PMID: 27058511 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1171443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum surface protein 25 (Pfs25) is a hard-to-express and hard-to-solubilize protein in Escherichia coli. To overcome this problem, the phase 1 flagellin of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (FliC) was used as a fusion partner for Pfs25. The fusion expression of Pfs25 with FliC greatly enhanced the expression level and solubility of Pfs25 in E. coli BL21(DE3). The Ni-purified fusion protein of FliC-Pfs25 was recognized by two anti-Pfs25 monoclonal antibodies. By comparison, it was shown that the Pfs25 within FliC-Pfs25 contained epitopes similar or identical to those on Pichia pastoris-produced Pfs25. The data obtained from this study demonstrated that the fusion with Salmonella flagellin greatly improved the expression of Pfs25 in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qian
- a Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- a Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Yong Chen
- b Fourth Research Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. , Lanzhou , China
| | - Lin Jiang
- b Fourth Research Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. , Lanzhou , China
| | - Huji Xu
- a Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
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237
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Clostridium difficile flagellar protein FliC. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e8. [PMID: 26839147 PMCID: PMC4777929 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive bacillus and is the leading cause of toxin-mediated nosocomial diarrhea following antibiotic use. C. difficile flagella play a role in colonization, adherence, biofilm formation, and toxin production, which might contribute to the overall virulence of certain strains. Human and animal studies indicate that anti-flagella immune responses may play a role in protection against colonization by C. difficile and subsequent disease outcome. Here we report that recombinant C. difficile flagellin (FliC) is immunogenic and protective in a murine model of C. difficile infection (CDI) against a clinical C. difficile strain, UK1. Passive protection experiments using anti-FliC polyclonal serum in mice suggest this protection to be antibody-mediated. FliC immunization also was able to afford partial protection against CDI and death in hamsters following challenge with C. difficile 630Δerm. Additionally, immunization against FliC does not have an adverse effect on the normal gut flora of vaccinated hamsters as evidenced by comparing the fecal microbiome of vaccinated and control hamsters. Therefore, the use of FliC as a vaccine candidate against CDI warrants further testing.
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238
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Cho SH, Contreras LM, Ju SH. Synthetic chimeras with orthogonal ribosomal proteins increase translation yields by recruiting mRNA for translation as measured by profiling active ribosomes. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:285-93. [PMID: 26749267 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their roles in protein biosynthesis, components of cellular ribosomes perform roles that contribute to a number of important cellular processes. Exploitation of processes has led to the use of ribosomal parts as solubility enhancer partners and purification matrices in protein expression. In this work, an engineered version of the E. coli ribosomal protein L29 (L4H2) as a fusion partner for enhancing cellular expression of proteins that are poorly expressed in bacteria was exploited. It was demonstrated that a chimeric fusion of L4H2 with various Fcγ receptors increases total expression up to 3.2-fold, relative to Fcγ receptors expressed without the fusion. Mechanistic insights using a novel application of in vivo ribosome display suggested that, although total cellular mRNA levels of L4H2-Fcγ receptor remained unchanged relative to wild-type Fcγ receptors, mRNA levels of actively translated L4H2-Fcγ transcript increased about 3.8-fold relative to actively translated levels of wild-type Fcγ transcript. Similar increases in protein expression in the context of the other proteins tested, showing the generality of this approach for proteins beyond human receptors was observed. These results extended the number of potential schemes by which orthogonal ribosomal parts can be used to enhance complex protein expression in bacterial platforms. Within a larger scope, this study features the possibility of engineering 5' tags that enhance mRNA affinity to ribosomes as strategies to augment translation. It was envisioned that the successful application of profiling active ribosomes in a highly targeted manner could be beneficial for mechanistic translation studies concerning synthesis of target proteins. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:285-293, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Cho
- Inst. for Cellular & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Molecular Biology Building, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- Inst. for Cellular & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Molecular Biology Building, 2500 Speedway Stop A4800, Austin, TX, 78712.,McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, 78712
| | - Sang Hyun Ju
- McKetta Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, 78712
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239
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Wang HZ, Chu ZZ, Chen CC, Cao AC, Tong X, Ouyang CB, Yuan QH, Wang MN, Wu ZK, Wang HH, Wang SB. Recombinant Passenger Proteins Can Be Conveniently Purified by One-Step Affinity Chromatography. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143598. [PMID: 26641240 PMCID: PMC4671538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusion tag is one of the best available tools to date for enhancement of the solubility or improvement of the expression level of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Typically, two consecutive affinity purification steps are often necessitated for the purification of passenger proteins. As a fusion tag, acyl carrier protein (ACP) could greatly increase the soluble expression level of Glucokinase (GlcK), α-Amylase (Amy) and GFP. When fusion protein ACP-G2-GlcK-Histag and ACP-G2-Amy-Histag, in which a protease TEV recognition site was inserted between the fusion tag and passenger protein, were coexpressed with protease TEV respectively in E. coli, the efficient intracellular processing of fusion proteins was achieved. The resulting passenger protein GlcK-Histag and Amy-Histag accumulated predominantly in a soluble form, and could be conveniently purified by one-step Ni-chelating chromatography. However, the fusion protein ACP-GFP-Histag was processed incompletely by the protease TEV coexpressed in vivo, and a large portion of the resulting target protein GFP-Histag aggregated in insoluble form, indicating that the intracellular processing may affect the solubility of cleaved passenger protein. In this context, the soluble fusion protein ACP-GFP-Histag, contained in the supernatant of E. coli cell lysate, was directly subjected to cleavage in vitro by mixing it with the clarified cell lysate of E. coli overexpressing protease TEV. Consequently, the resulting target protein GFP-Histag could accumulate predominantly in a soluble form, and be purified conveniently by one-step Ni-chelating chromatography. The approaches presented here greatly simplify the purification process of passenger proteins, and eliminate the use of large amounts of pure site-specific proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-zhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-zhan Chu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Chang-chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Ao-cheng Cao
- Department of Pesticides, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Tong
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Can-bin Ouyang
- Department of Pesticides, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qi-hang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Mi-nan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-kun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Hai-hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-bin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou, 541642, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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240
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Karakostis K, Karakostis K, Costa C, Zito F, Matranga V. Heterologous expression of newly identified galectin-8 from sea urchin embryos produces recombinant protein with lactose binding specificity and anti-adhesive activity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17665. [PMID: 26640155 PMCID: PMC4671058 DOI: 10.1038/srep17665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin family members specifically bind beta-galactoside derivatives and are involved in different cellular events, including cell communication, signalling, apoptosis, and immune responses. Here, we report a tandem-repeat type galectin from the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo, referred to as Pl-GAL-8. The 933nt sequence encodes a protein of 34.73 kDa, containing the conserved HFNPRF and WGxExR motifs in the two highly similar carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRD). The three-dimensional protein structure model of the N-CRD confirms the high evolutionary conservation of carbohydrate binding sites. The temporal gene expression is regulated during development and transcripts localize at the tip of the archenteron at gastrula stage, in a subset of the secondary mesenchyme cells that differentiate into blastocoelar (immune) cells. Functional studies using a recombinant Pl-GAL-8 expressed in bacteria demonstrate its hemo-agglutinating activity on human red blood cells through the binding to lactose, as well as its ability in inhibiting the adhesion of human Hep-G2 cells to the substrate. The recent implications in autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders make Gal-8 an attractive candidate for therapeutic purposes. Our results offer a solid basis for addressing the use of the new Pl-GAL-8 in functional and applicative studies, respectively in the developmental and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostantinos Karakostis
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Costa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Zito
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Matranga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "A. Monroy", Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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241
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Efficient overexpression of human interleukin-6 in Escherichia coli using nanoluciferase as a fusion partner. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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242
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Tileva M, Krachmarova E, Ivanov I, Maskos K, Nacheva G. Production of aggregation prone human interferon gamma and its mutant in highly soluble and biologically active form by SUMO fusion technology. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 117:26-34. [PMID: 26407523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli expression system is a preferable choice for production of recombinant proteins. A disadvantage of this system is the target protein aggregation in "inclusion bodies" (IBs) that further requires solubilisation and refolding, which is crucial for the properties and the yield of the final product. In order to prevent aggregation, SUMO fusion tag technology has been successfully applied for expression of eukaryotic proteins, including human interferon gamma (hIFNγ) that was reported, however, with no satisfactory biological activity. We modified this methodology for expression and purification of both the wild type hIFNγ and an extremely prone to aggregation mutant hIFNγ-K88Q, whose recovery from IBs showed to be ineffective upon numerous conditions. By expression of the N-terminal His-SUMO fusion proteins in the E. coli strain BL21(DE3)pG-KJE8, co-expressing two chaperone systems, at 24 °C a significant increase in solubility of both target proteins (1.5-fold for hIFNγ and 8-fold for K88Q) was achieved. Two-step chromatography (affinity and ion-exchange) with on-dialysis His-SUMO-tag cleavage was applied for protein purification that yielded 6.0-7.0mg/g wet biomass for both proteins with >95% purity and native N-termini. The optimised protocol led to increased yields from 5.5 times for hIFNγ up to 100 times for K88Q in comparison to their isolation from IBs. Purified hIFNγ showed preserved thermal stability and antiproliferative activity corresponding to that of the native reference sample (3 × 10(7)IU/mg). The developed methodology represents an optimised procedure that can be successfully applied for large scale expression and purification of aggregation-prone proteins in soluble native form.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tileva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - E Krachmarova
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - I Ivanov
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - K Maskos
- Proteros Biostructures, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
| | - G Nacheva
- Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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243
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Futami J, Nonomura H, Kido M, Niidoi N, Fujieda N, Hosoi A, Fujita K, Mandai K, Atago Y, Kinoshita R, Honjo T, Matsushita H, Uenaka A, Nakayama E, Kakimi K. Sensitive Multiplexed Quantitative Analysis of Autoantibodies to Cancer Antigens with Chemically S-Cationized Full-Length and Water-Soluble Denatured Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2076-84. [PMID: 26355635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) aberrantly expressed in tumor cells are frequently observed in cancer patients. Recent clinical studies have elucidated that anticancer immune responses with increased levels of anti-TAA/CTA antibodies improve cancer survival rates. Thus, these antibody levels are promising biomarkers for diagnosing the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. Full-length antigens are favored for detecting anti-TAA/CTA antibodies because candidate antigen proteins contain multiple epitopes throughout their structures. In this study, we developed a methodology to prepare purified water-soluble and full-length antigens by using cysteine sulfhydryl group cationization (S-cationization) chemistry. S-Cationized antigens can be prepared from bacterial inclusion bodies, and they exhibit improved protein solubility but preserved antigenicity. Anti-TAA/CTA antibodies detected in cancer patients appeared to recognize linear epitopes, as well as conformational epitopes, and because the frequency of cysteine side-residues on the epitope-paratope interface was low, any adverse effects of S-cationization were virtually negligible for antibody binding. Furthermore, S-cationized antigen-immobilized Luminex beads could be successfully used in highly sensitive quantitative-multiplexed assays. Indeed, patients with a more broadly induced serum anti-TAA/CTA antibody level showed improved progression-free survival after immunotherapy. The comprehensive anti-TAA/CTA assay system, which uses S-cationized full-length and water-soluble recombinant antigens, may be a useful diagnostic tool for assessing the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Futami
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nonomura
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Momoko Kido
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naomi Niidoi
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Nao Fujieda
- Medinet Co. Ltd. , Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0033, Japan.,Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoi
- Medinet Co. Ltd. , Yokohama, Kanagawa 222-0033, Japan.,Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kana Fujita
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Komako Mandai
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Atago
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Honjo
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akiko Uenaka
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakayama
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare , Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital , Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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244
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Dutta AK, Ramnath, Dkhar B, Tandon V, Das B. Cloning and expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from a cestode parasite and its solubilization from inclusion bodies using l-arginine. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 125:61-7. [PMID: 26363119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is an essential regulatory enzyme of glycolysis in the cestode parasite, Raillietina echinobothrida, and is considered a potential target for anthelmintic action because of its differential activity from that of its avian host. However, due to the unavailability of its structure, the mechanism of regulation of PEPCK from R. echinobothrida (rePEPCK) and its interaction with possible modulators remain unclear. Hence, in this study, the rePEPCK gene was cloned into pGEX-4T-3 and overexpressed for its characterization. On being induced by IPTG, the recombinant rePEPCK was expressed as inclusion bodies (IBs); hence, various agents, like different inducer concentrations, temperature, time, host cell types, culture media, pH, and additives, were used to bring the protein to soluble form. Finally, a significant amount (∼46%) of rePEPCK was solubilized from IBs by adding 2M l-arginine. Near-UV circular dichroism spectra analysis indicated that l-arginine (2M) had no effect on the conformation of the protein. In this study, we have reported a yield of ∼73mg of purified rePEPCK per 1L of culture. The purified rePEPCK retained its biological activity, and Km of the enzyme for its substrate was determined and discussed. The availability of recombinant rePEPCK may help in biochemical- and biophysical-studies to explore its molecular mechanisms and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Dutta
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Ramnath
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Barilin Dkhar
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Veena Tandon
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Bidyadhar Das
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
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245
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Sun C, Li Y, Taylor SE, Mao X, Wilkinson MC, Fernig DG. HaloTag is an effective expression and solubilisation fusion partner for a range of fibroblast growth factors. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1060. [PMID: 26137434 PMCID: PMC4485707 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins such as the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) is the key to establishing their function in cell communication. The production of recombinant FGFs in E. coli is limited, however, due to expression and solubility problems. HaloTag has been used as a fusion protein to introduce a genetically-encoded means for chemical conjugation of probes. We have expressed 11 FGF proteins with an N-terminal HaloTag, followed by a tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site to allow release of the FGF protein. These were purified by heparin-affinity chromatography, and in some instances by further ion-exchange chromatography. It was found that HaloTag did not adversely affect the expression of FGF1 and FGF10, both of which expressed well as soluble proteins. The N-terminal HaloTag fusion was found to enhance the expression and yield of FGF2, FGF3 and FGF7. Moreover, whereas FGF6, FGF8, FGF16, FGF17, FGF20 and FGF22 were only expressed as insoluble proteins, their N-terminal HaloTag fusion counterparts (Halo-FGFs) were soluble, and could be successfully purified. However, cleavage of Halo-FGF6, -FGF8 and -FGF22 with TEV resulted in aggregation of the FGF protein. Measurement of phosphorylation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and of cell growth demonstrated that the HaloTag fusion proteins were biologically active. Thus, HaloTag provides a means to enhance the expression of soluble recombinant proteins, in addition to providing a chemical genetics route for covalent tagging of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changye Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xianqing Mao
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Mark C Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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246
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Raran-Kurussi S, Keefe K, Waugh DS. Positional effects of fusion partners on the yield and solubility of MBP fusion proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 110:159-64. [PMID: 25782741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (MBP) is exceptionally effective at promoting the solubility of its fusion partners. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature claiming that (1) MBP is an effective solubility enhancer only when it is joined to the N-terminus of an aggregation-prone passenger protein, and (2) MBP is equally effective when fused to either end of the passenger. Here, we endeavor to resolve this controversy by comparing the solubility of a diverse set of MBP fusion proteins that, unlike those analyzed in previous studies, are identical in every way except for the order of the two domains. The results indicate that fusion proteins with an N-terminal MBP provide an excellent solubility advantage along with more robust expression when compared to analogous fusions in which MBP is the C-terminal fusion partner. We find that only intrinsically soluble passenger proteins (i.e., those not requiring a solubility enhancer) are produced as soluble fusions when they precede MBP. We also report that even subtle differences in inter-domain linker sequences can influence the solubility of fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith Raran-Kurussi
- Protein Engineering Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Karina Keefe
- Protein Engineering Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David S Waugh
- Protein Engineering Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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247
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Liu X, Yang Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Peng F, Jeffrey L, Harvey L, McNeil B, Bai Z. Expression of recombinant protein using Corynebacterium Glutamicum: progress, challenges and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:652-64. [PMID: 25714007 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2015.1004519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is a highly promising alternative prokaryotic host for recombinant protein expression, as it possesses several significant advantages over Escherichia coli (E. coli), the currently leading bacterial protein expression system. During the past decades, several experimental techniques and vector components for genetic manipulation of C. glutamicum have been developed and validated, including strong promoters for tightly regulating target gene expression, various types of plasmid vectors, protein secretion systems and methods of genetically modifying the host strain genome to improve protein production potential. This review critically discusses current progress in establishing C. glutamicum as a host for recombinant protein expression, and examines, in depth, some successful case studies of actual application of this expression system. The established "expression tool box" for developing novel constructs based on C. glutamicum as a host are also evaluated. Finally, the existing issues and solutions in process development with C. glutamicum as a host are specifically addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Liu
- a National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology , School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University , Wuxi , China and
| | - Yankun Yang
- a National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology , School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University , Wuxi , China and
| | - Wei Zhang
- a National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology , School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University , Wuxi , China and
| | - Yang Sun
- a National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology , School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University , Wuxi , China and
| | - Feng Peng
- a National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology , School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University , Wuxi , China and
| | - Laura Jeffrey
- b Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University , Glasgow , UK
| | - Linda Harvey
- b Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University , Glasgow , UK
| | - Brian McNeil
- b Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University , Glasgow , UK
| | - Zhonghu Bai
- a National Engineering Laboratory of Cereal Fermentation Technology , School of Biotechnology, JiangNan University , Wuxi , China and
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248
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Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Recombinant protein expression in microbial systems. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:341. [PMID: 25071752 PMCID: PMC4085539 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
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249
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario, Argentina
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250
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Oliveira C, Teixeira JA, Domingues L. Recombinant production of plant lectins in microbial systems for biomedical application - the frutalin case study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:390. [PMID: 25152749 PMCID: PMC4126444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Frutalin is a homotetrameric partly glycosylated α-D-galactose-binding lectin of biomedical interest from Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit) seeds, belonging to the jacalin-related lectins family. As other plant lectins, frutalin is a heterogeneous mixture of several isoforms possibly with distinct biological activities. The main problem of using such lectins as biomedical tools is that "batch-to-batch" variation in isoforms content may lead to inconstant results. The production of lectins by recombinant means has the advantage of obtaining high amounts of proteins with defined amino-acid sequences and more precise properties. In this mini review, we provide the strategies followed to produce two different forms of frutalin in two different microbial systems: Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. The processing and functional properties of the recombinant frutalin obtained from these hosts are compared to those of frutalin extracted from breadfruit. Emphasis is given particularly to recombinant frutalin produced in P. pastoris, which showed a remarkable capacity as biomarker of human prostate cancer and as apoptosis-inducer of cancer cells. Recombinant frutalin production opens perspectives for its development as a new tool in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucília Domingues
- *Correspondence: Lucília Domingues, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal e-mail:
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