251
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Sasmal PK, Streu CN, Meggers E. Metal complex catalysis in living biological systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:1581-7. [PMID: 23250079 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This feature article discusses synthetic metal complexes that are capable of catalyzing chemical transformations in living organisms. Photodynamic therapy exemplifies what is probably the most established artificial catalytic process exploited in medicine, namely the photosensitized catalytic generation of cell-damaging singlet oxygen. Different redox catalysts have been designed over the last two decades to target a variety of redox alterations in cancer and other diseases. For example, pentaazamacrocyclic manganese(ii) complexes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide to O(2) and H(2)O(2)in vivo and thus reduce oxidative stress in analogy to the native enzyme superoxide dismutase. Recently, piano-stool ruthenium and iridium complexes were reported to influence cellular redox homeostasis indirectly by catalytic glutathione oxidation and catalytic transfer hydrogenation using the coenzyme NADH, respectively. Over the last few years, significant progress has been made towards the application of non-biological reactions in living systems, ranging from the organoruthenium-catalyzed cleavage of allylcarbamates and a gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation to palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-couplings within the cytoplasm or on the surface of living cells. The design of bioorthogonal catalyst/substrate pairs, which can passively diffuse into cells, combines the advantages of small molecules with catalysis and promises to provide exciting new tools for future chemical biology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Sasmal
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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252
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Liu X, Chen Y, Li H, Huang N, Jin Q, Ren K, Ji J. Enhanced retention and cellular uptake of nanoparticles in tumors by controlling their aggregation behavior. ACS NANO 2013; 7:6244-6257. [PMID: 23799860 DOI: 10.1021/nn402201w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Effective accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in tumors is crucial for NP-assisted cancer diagnosis and treatment. With the hypothesis that aggregation of NPs stimulated by tumor microenvironment can be utilized to enhance retention and cellular uptake of NPs in tumors, we designed a smart NP system to evaluate the effect of aggregation on NPs' accumulation in tumor tissue. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs, ~16 nm) were facilely prepared by surface modification with mixed-charge zwitterionic self-assembled monolayers, which can be stable at the pH of blood and normal tissues but aggregate instantly in response to the acidic extracellular pH of solid tumors. The zwitterionic AuNPs exhibited fast, ultrasensitive, and reversible response to the pH change from pH 7.4 to pH 6.5, which enabled the AuNPs to be well dispersed at pH 7.4 with excellent stealth ability to resist uptake by macrophages, while quickly aggregating at pH 6.5, leading to greatly enhanced uptake by cancer cells. An in vivo study demonstrated that the zwitterionic AuNPs had a considerable blood half-life with much higher tumor accumulation, retention, and cellular internalization than nonsensitive PEGylated AuNPs. A preliminary photothermal tumor ablation evaluation suggested the aggregation of AuNPs can be applied to cancer NIR photothermal therapy. These results suggest that controlled aggregation of NPs sensitive to tumor microenvironment can serve as a universal strategy to enhance the retention and cellular uptake of inorganic NPs in tumors, and modifying NPs with a mixed-charge zwitterionic surface can provide an easy way to obtain stealth properties and pH-sensitivity at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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253
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Barge A, Caporaso M, Cravotto G, Martina K, Tosco P, Aime S, Carrera C, Gianolio E, Pariani G, Corpillo D. Design and Synthesis of a γ1β8-Cyclodextrin Oligomer: A New Platform with Potential Application as a Dendrimeric Multicarrier. Chemistry 2013; 19:12086-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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254
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Sayle TXT, Molinari M, Das S, Bhatta UM, Möbus G, Parker SC, Seal S, Sayle DC. Environment-mediated structure, surface redox activity and reactivity of ceria nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:6063-6073. [PMID: 23719690 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials, with potential application as bio-medicinal agents, exploit the chemical properties of a solid, with the ability to be transported (like a molecule) to a variety of bodily compartments. However, the chemical environment can change significantly the structure and hence properties of a nanomaterial. Accordingly, its surface reactivity is critically dependent upon the nature of the (biological) environment in which it resides. Here, we use Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and aberration corrected TEM to predict and rationalise differences in structure and hence surface reactivity of ceria nanoparticles in different environments. In particular we calculate reactivity 'fingerprints' for unreduced and reduced ceria nanoparticles immersed in water and in vacuum. Our simulations predict higher activities of ceria nanoparticles, towards oxygen release, when immersed in water because the water quenches the coordinative unsaturation of surface ions. Conversely, in vacuum, surface ions relax into the body of the nanoparticle to relieve coordinative unsaturation, which increases the energy barriers associated with oxygen release. Our simulations also reveal that reduced ceria nanoparticles are more active towards surface oxygen release compared to unreduced nanoceria. In parallel, experiment is used to explore the activities of ceria nanoparticles that have suffered a change in environment. In particular, we compare the ability of ceria nanoparticles, in an aqueous environment, to scavenge superoxide radicals compared to the same batch of nanoparticles, which have first been dried and then rehydrated. The latter show a distinct reduction in activity, which we correlate to a change in the redox chemistry associated with moving between different environments. The reactivity of ceria nanoparticles is therefore not only environment dependent, but is also influenced by the transport pathway or history required to reach the particular environment in which its reactivity is to be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi X T Sayle
- Department of Engineering and Applied Science, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham SN6 8LA, UK.
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255
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Xu M, Li J, Hanagata N, Su H, Chen H, Fujita D. Challenge to assess the toxic contribution of metal cation released from nanomaterials for nanotoxicology--the case of ZnO nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4763-4769. [PMID: 23604040 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr34251d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of physicochemical factors that govern toxic effects of nanomaterials (NMs) is important for the safe design and synthesis of NMs. The release of metal cations from NMs in cell culture medium and the role of the metal cations in cytotoxicity are still under dispute. Here, we report that removal of NMs such as ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by centrifugation, the procedure commonly used for the estimation of released ion concentration in nanotoxicology, was incomplete even at a relative centrifugal force of 150,000 × g. In this sense, the Zn concentration in supernatant measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry cannot be regarded as the concentration of free Zn(2+) ions which were released from ZnO NPs in cell culture medium. This suggests the urgent need to develop relevant analytical techniques for nanotoxicology. The toxic contribution of released Zn(2+) ions to the A549 cell lines was estimated to be only about 10%. We conclude that the cytotoxicity associated with ZnO NPs is not a function of the Zn concentration, suggesting that other factors play an important role in the toxic effect of ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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256
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Rothen-Rutishauser B, Kuhn DA, Ali Z, Gasser M, Amin F, Parak WJ, Vanhecke D, Fink A, Gehr P, Brandenberger C. Quantification of gold nanoparticle cell uptake under controlled biological conditions and adequate resolution. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 9:607-21. [PMID: 23738633 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We examined cellular uptake mechanisms of fluorescently labeled polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (NPs) under different biological conditions by two quantitative, microscopic approaches. MATERIALS & METHODS Uptake mechanisms were evaluated using endocytotic inhibitors that were tested for specificity and cytotoxicity. Cellular uptake of gold NPs was analyzed either by laser scanning microscopy or transmission electron microscopy, and quantified by means of stereology using cells from the same experiment. RESULTS Optimal inhibitor conditions were only achieved with chlorpromazine (clathrin-mediated endocytosis) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (caveolin-mediated endocytosis). A significant methyl-β-cyclodextrin-mediated inhibition (63-69%) and chlorpromazine-mediated increase (43-98%) of intracellular NPs was demonstrated with both imaging techniques, suggesting a predominant uptake via caveolin-medicated endocytois. Transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed more than 95% of NPs localized in intracellular vesicles and approximately 150-times more NP events/cell were detected than by laser scanning microscopy. CONCLUSION We emphasize the importance of studying NP-cell interactions under controlled experimental conditions and at adequate microscopic resolution in combination with stereology.
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257
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Wang H, Yang H, Liu H, Yu Y, Xin H. A mesoporous silica nanocomposite shuttle: pH-triggered phase transfer between oil and water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6687-6696. [PMID: 23509875 DOI: 10.1021/la4003093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With a simple protocol, we synthesize a novel mesoporous silica nanocomposite shuttle that can reversibly transfer between an organic phase and water in response to the pH, due to the switchable surface hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Our synthesis protocol allows the phase transfer ability to be tuned in a controllable fashion. This nanocomposite shuttle exhibits a good ability to load various cargoes such as Pd(OAc)2, Pd nanoparticles, and organic molecules. The built-in properties of the nanocomposite shuttle lay the foundations for many innovative applications. As a proof of concept, we successfully demonstrate its application in separating and recycling Pd nanoparticle catalysts. The composite shuttle can take Pd nanoparticles to an organic phase for catalyzing hydrogenation of olefins and come back to an aqueous phase at the end of reaction, making in situ separation and recycling of nanocatalysts possible. This pH-driven round trip for catalysis can be repeated several times. Our investigations not only supply a novel nanocomposite shuttle with controllable properties but also open an innovative avenue to in situ separation and recycling of nanocatalysts, which can address the obstacles of the conventional methods such as centrifugation and filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P R China
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258
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Barrán-Berdón AL, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Capriotti AL, Caruso G, Cavaliere C, Riccioli A, Palchetti S, Laganà A. Time evolution of nanoparticle-protein corona in human plasma: relevance for targeted drug delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6485-94. [PMID: 23631648 DOI: 10.1021/la401192x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
When nanoparticles (NPs) enter a biological fluid (e.g., human plasma (HP)), proteins and other biomolecules adsorb on the surface leading to formation of a rich protein shell, referred to as "protein corona". This corona is dynamic in nature and its composition varies over time due to continuous protein association and dissociation events. Understanding the time evolution of the protein corona on the time-scales of a particle's lifetime in blood is fundamental to predict its fate in vivo. In this study, we used lipid NPs, the cationic lipid 3β-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] (DC-Chol) and the zwitterionic lipid dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), that are among the most promising nanocarriers both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated the time evolution of DC-Chol-DOPE NPs upon exposure to HP. On time scales between 1 and 60 minutes, nanoliquid tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the protein corona of DC-Chol-DOPE NPs is mainly constituted of apolipoproteins (Apo A-I, Apo C-II, Apo D, and Apo E are the most enriched). Since the total apolipoprotein content is relevant, we exploited the protein corona to target PC3 prostate carcinoma cell line that expresses high levels of scavenger receptor class B type 1 receptor, which mediates the bidirectional lipid transfer between low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and cells. Combining laser scanning confocal microscopy experiments with flow cytometry we demonstrated that DC-Chol-DOPE/HP complexes enter PC3 cells by a receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lilia Barrán-Berdón
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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259
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Pelaz B, Charron G, Pfeiffer C, Zhao Y, de la Fuente JM, Liang XJ, Parak WJ, Del Pino P. Interfacing engineered nanoparticles with biological systems: anticipating adverse nano-bio interactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1573-84. [PMID: 23112130 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The innovative use of engineered nanomaterials in medicine, be it in therapy or diagnosis, is growing dramatically. This is motivated by the current extraordinary control over the synthesis of complex nanomaterials with a variety of biological functions (e.g. contrast agents, drug-delivery systems, transducers, amplifiers, etc.). Engineered nanomaterials are found in the bio-context with a variety of applications in fields such as sensing, imaging, therapy or diagnosis. As the degree of control to fabricate customized novel and/or enhanced nanomaterials evolves, often new applications, devices with enhanced performance or unprecedented sensing limits can be achieved. Of course, interfacing any novel material with biological systems has to be critically analyzed as many undesirable adverse effects can be triggered (e.g. toxicity, allergy, genotoxicity, etc.) and/or the performance of the nanomaterial can be compromised due to the unexpected phenomena in physiological environments (e.g. corrosion, aggregation, unspecific absorption of biomolecules, etc.). Despite the need for standard protocols for assessing the toxicity and bio-performance of each new functional nanomaterial, these are still scarce or currently under development. Nonetheless, nanotoxicology and relating adverse effects to the physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials are emerging areas of the utmost importance which have to be continuously revisited as any new material emerges. This review highlights recent progress concerning the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems and following adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pelaz
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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260
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He X, Ma Y, Li M, Zhang P, Li Y, Zhang Z. Quantifying and imaging engineered nanomaterials in vivo: challenges and techniques. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1482-1491. [PMID: 23027545 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying and imaging the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in vivo can provide information on the bio-distribution and fate of ENMs in living systems. A necessary amount of in vivo quantitative data is indispensable to verify the extrapolation from in vitro tests, to modify the predictive models of ENM exposure, and to underpin the risk management strategy for ENMs. However, it remains a challenge to quantitatively assess the bio-distribution of ENMs under realistic exposure, their long-term deposition (especially in non-targeted tissues), their passage across the natural barriers, and the impacts of nano-bio interactions on their in vivo behaviors. Some commonly used techniques for in vivo ENM quantification, such as electron microscopy, fluorescence-based detection, atomic spectroscopy, radiotracing, and techniques basing on synchrotron radiation are reviewed, and their technical characteristics, the state of the art, limitations, and future prospects are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
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261
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Huang P, Zhao W, Liu D, Nie L, Yue X, Wang S, Ma Y, Kiesewetter D, Niu G, Chen X. Dual-factor triggered fluorogenic nanoprobe for ultrahigh contrast and subdiffraction fluorescence imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6194-201. [PMID: 23721793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh contrast fluorescence molecular imaging has long been pursued over the past few decades from basic sciences to clinics. Although new classes of near-infrared (NIR) molecular probes are emerging, the requirement of fluorophores with high quantum yield, high signal to noise (S/N) ratio, and being activatable to microenvironment changes can hardly be fulfilled. In this study, a new NIR dye embedded fluorogenic nanoprobe (fg-nanoprobe) was developed for ultrahigh contrast in vitro and in vivo imaging with negligible background interference. The achieved S/N ratio was found to be attributed to the synergistic effects of the cellular compartmental triggered fluorogenicity and pH tunable fluorescence on/off character. In addition, this constructed fluorogenic nanoprobe could be coupled with image processing method for super-resolution subdiffraction imaging. The developed fg-nanoprobe integrated photophysical merits of the synthesized NIR fluorophore and advantages of engineered nanoparticle for enhanced fluorescence molecular imaging. This probe may open another avenue for ultrahigh contrast fluorescence molecular imaging in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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262
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Yin N, Liu Q, Liu J, He B, Cui L, Li Z, Yun Z, Qu G, Liu S, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Silver nanoparticle exposure attenuates the viability of rat cerebellum granule cells through apoptosis coupled to oxidative stress. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1831-41. [PMID: 23427069 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201202732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the central nervous system is a topic with mounting interest and concern and the facts remain elusive. In the current study, the neurotoxicity of commercial AgNPs to rat cerebellum granule cells (CGCs) and the corresponding molecular mechanism are closely investigated. It is demonstrated that AgNPs induce significant cellular toxicity to CGCs in a dose-dependent manner without damaging the cell membrane. Flow cytometry analysis with the Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining indicates that the apoptotic proportion of CGCs upon treatment with AgNPs is greatly increased compared to the negative control. Moreover, the activity of caspase-3 is largely elevated in AgNP-treated cells compared to the negative control. AgNPs are demonstrated to induce oxidative stress, reflected by the massive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the depletion of antioxidant glutathione (GSH), and the increase of intracellular calcium. Histological examination suggests that AgNPs provoke destruction of the cerebellum granular layer in rats with concomitant activation of caspase-3, in parallel to the neurotoxicity of AgNPs observed in vitro. Taken together, it is demonstrated for the first time that AgNPs substantially impair the survival of primary neuronal cells through apoptosis coupled to oxidative stress, depending on the caspase activation-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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263
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Ba T, Pu J, Chen T, Song Y, Gu Y, Qian Q, Xu Y, Xiang K, Wang H, Jia G. Susceptibility of young and adult rats to the oral toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:1742-52. [PMID: 22945798 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have potential applications as food additives, but concerns persist about their safety. Children are identified as having the highest exposure and may face the greatest health risks. However, the toxicological sensitivity of TiO2 NPs in different ages is not clear. Here, a comparative toxicity study of TiO2 NPs in 3-week (youth) and 8-week (adult) old Sprague-Dawley rats is reported following oral exposure at doses of 0, 10, 50, 200 mg kg(-1) body weight per day for 30 days. The organ mass and histology, blood biochemistry and redox state, intestinal function, and biodistribution of NPs are characterized. The results show that TiO2 NPs induce different toxic effects on young and adult rats. The liver edema, heart injuries and non-allergic mast cell activation in stomach tissues are found in young rats. On the other hand, only slight injury in the liver and kidney and decreased intestinal permeability and molybdenum contents are found in adult rats. Furthermore, TiO2 NP exposure can provoke reductive stress (i.e., increased reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratios) in plasmas through enhancing the glucose and GSH levels in young rats or reducing the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) acitivity and GSSG levels in adult rats. These results suggest that different ages may require different biomarkers for identifying and monitoring oral toxicity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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264
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Wu J, Chen Q, Liu W, Lin JM. A simple and versatile microfluidic cell density gradient generator for quantum dot cytotoxicity assay. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1948-1954. [PMID: 23538998 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc00041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple and versatile microfluidic cell density gradient generator was successfully developed for cytotoxicity of quantum dots (QDs) assay. The microfluidic cell density gradient generator is composed of eight parallel channels which are respectively surrounded by 1-8 microwells with optimized length and width. The cells fall into microwells by gravity and the cell densities are obviously dependent of microwell number. In a case study, HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were successfully utilized for generating cell density gradients on the microfluidic chip. The microfluidic cell density gradient generator was proved to be easily handled, cell-friendly and could be used to conduct the subsequent cell-based assay. As a proof-of-concept, QD cytotoxicity was evaluated and the results exhibited obvious cell density-dependence. For comparison, QD cytotoxicity was also investigated with a series of cell densities infused by pipette tips. Higher reproducibility was observed on the microfluidic cell density gradient generator and cell density was demonstrated to be a vital factor in cytotoxic study. With higher efficiency, controllability and reproducibility, the microfluidic cell density gradient generator could be integrated into microfluidic analysis systems to promote chip-based biological assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Method and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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265
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Hemmerich PH, von Mikecz AH. Defining the subcellular interface of nanoparticles by live-cell imaging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62018. [PMID: 23637951 PMCID: PMC3637372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of nanoparticle-bio-interactions within living cells requires knowledge about the dynamic behavior of nanomaterials during their cellular uptake, intracellular traffic and mutual reactions with cell organelles. Here, we introduce a protocol of combined kinetic imaging techniques that enables investigation of exemplary fluorochrome-labelled nanoparticles concerning their intracellular fate. By time-lapse confocal microscopy we observe fast, dynamin-dependent uptake of polystyrene and silica nanoparticles via the cell membrane within seconds. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments reveal fast and complete exchange of the investigated nanoparticles at mitochondria, cytoplasmic vesicles or the nuclear envelope. Nuclear translocation is observed within minutes by free diffusion and active transport. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS) indicate diffusion coefficients of polystyrene and silica nanoparticles in the nucleus and the cytoplasm that are consistent with particle motion in living cells based on diffusion. Determination of the apparent hydrodynamic radii by FCS and RICS shows that nanoparticles exert their cytoplasmic and nuclear effects mainly as mobile, monodisperse entities. Thus, a complete toolkit of fluorescence fluctuation microscopy is presented for the investigation of nanomaterial biophysics in subcellular microenvironments that contributes to develop a framework of intracellular nanoparticle delivery routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Hemmerich
- Leibniz-Institute for Age Research, Fritz-Lipman-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna H. von Mikecz
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine at Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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266
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Zhou Z, Wang L, Chi X, Bao J, Yang L, Zhao W, Chen Z, Wang X, Chen X, Gao J. Engineered iron-oxide-based nanoparticles as enhanced T1 contrast agents for efficient tumor imaging. ACS NANO 2013; 7:3287-96. [PMID: 23473444 PMCID: PMC3657563 DOI: 10.1021/nn305991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and synthesis of small-sized zwitterion-coated gadolinium-embedded iron oxide (GdIO) nanoparticles, which exhibit a strong T1 contrast effect for tumor imaging through enhanced permeation and retention effect and the ability to clear out of the body in living subjects. The combination of spin-canting effects and the collection of gadolinium species within small-sized GdIO nanoparticles led to a significantly enhanced T1 contrast effect. For example, GdIO nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼4.8 nm exhibited a high r1 relaxivity of 7.85 mM(-1)·S(-1) and a low r2/r1 ratio of 5.24. After being coated with zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate molecules, the 4.8 nm GdIO nanoparticles showed a steady hydrodynamic diameter (∼5.2 nm) in both PBS buffer and fetal bovine serum solution, indicating a low nonspecific protein absorption. This study provides a valuable strategy for the design of highly sensitive iron-oxide-based T1 contrast agents with relatively long circulation half-lives (∼50 min), efficient tumor passive targeting (SKOV3, human ovarian cancer xenograft tumor as a model), and the possibility of rapid renal clearance after tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chi
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Digestive Oncology, Research Institute of Digestive Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lijiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Digestive Oncology, Research Institute of Digestive Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science and Fujian Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Digestive Oncology, Research Institute of Digestive Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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267
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André R, Natalio F, Tahir MN, Berger R, Tremel W. Self-cleaning antimicrobial surfaces by bio-enabled growth of SnO2 coatings on glass. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:3447-3456. [PMID: 23475228 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional vapor-deposition techniques for coatings require sophisticated equipment and/or high-temperature resistant substrates. Therefore bio-inspired techniques for the fabrication of inorganic coatings have been developed in recent years. Inspired by the biology behind the formation of the intricate skeletons of diatoms orchestrated by a class of cationic polyamines (silaffins) we have used surface-bound spermine, a naturally occurring polyamine, to promote the fast deposition of homogeneous, thin and transparent biomimetic SnO2 coatings on glass surfaces. The bio-enabled SnO2 film is highly photoactive, i.e. it generates superoxide radicals (O2˙(-)) upon sunlight exposure resulting in a strong degradation of organic contaminants and a strong antimicrobial activity. Upon illumination the biomimetic SnO2 coating exhibits a switchable amphiphilic behavior, which - in combination with its photoactivity - creates a self-cleaning surface. The intrinsic self-cleaning properties could lead to the development of new protective, antifouling coatings on various substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute André
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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268
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Cunningham S, Brennan-Fournet ME, Ledwith D, Byrnes L, Joshi L. Effect of nanoparticle stabilization and physicochemical properties on exposure outcome: acute toxicity of silver nanoparticle preparations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3883-92. [PMID: 23458316 DOI: 10.1021/es303695f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has vast potential for expanded development and novel application in numerous sectors of society. With growing use and applications, substantial production volumes and associated environmental release can be anticipated. Exposure effect of nanoparticles (NP) on biological systems may be intrinsic to their physicochemical properties introducing unknown associated risk. Herein, we expand the knowledge of health and environmental impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), testing the acute toxicity of 14 AgNP preparations on developing zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Toxicological end points, including mortality, hatching rate, and heart rate were recorded. Concentration, stabilization agent and physicochemical properties were monitored as contributing outcome factors. Our findings indicate wide ranging LC50 24 h postfertilization values (0.487 ppm (0.315, 0.744 95% CI) to 47.89 ppm (18.45, 203.49 95% CI)), and indicate surface charge and ionic dissolution as key contributory factors in AgNP exposure outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cunningham
- Glycoscience Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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269
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Schwabe F, Schulin R, Limbach LK, Stark W, Bürge D, Nowack B. Influence of two types of organic matter on interaction of CeO2 nanoparticles with plants in hydroponic culture. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:512-20. [PMID: 23352517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect in risk assessment of nanoparticles (NPs) is to understand their environmental interactions. We used hydroponic plant cultures to study nanoparticle-plant-root interaction and translocation and exposed wheat and pumpkin to suspensions of uncoated CeO2-NP for 8d (primary particle size 17-100 nm, 100 mg L(-1)) in the absence and presence of fulvic acid (FA) and gum arabic (GA) as representatives of different types of natural organic matter. The behavior of CeO2-NPs in the hydroponic solution was monitored regarding agglomeration, sedimentation, particle size distribution, surface charge, amounts of root association, and translocation into shoots. NP-dispersions were stable over 8d in the presence of FA or GA, but with growing plants, changes in pH, particle agglomeration rate, and hydrodynamic diameter were observed. None of the plants exhibited reduced growth or any toxic response during the experiment. We found that CeO2-NPs translocated into pumpkin shoots, whereas this did not occur in wheat plants. The presence of FA and GA affected the amount of CeO2 associated with roots (pure>FA>GA) but did not affect the translocation factor. Additionally, we could confirm via TEM and SEM that CeO2-NPs adhered strongly to root surfaces of both plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schwabe
- Soil Protection, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH-Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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270
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Rivera-Gil P, Jimenez De Aberasturi D, Wulf V, Pelaz B, Del Pino P, Zhao Y, De La Fuente JM, Ruiz De Larramendi I, Rojo T, Liang XJ, Parak WJ. The challenge to relate the physicochemical properties of colloidal nanoparticles to their cytotoxicity. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:743-9. [PMID: 22786674 DOI: 10.1021/ar300039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer opportunities to construct novel compounds for many different fields. Applications include devices for energy, including solar cells, batteries, and fuel cells, and for health, including contrast agents and mediators for photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia. Despite these promising applications, any new class of materials also bears a potential risk for human health and the environment. The advantages and innovations of these materials must be thoroughly compared against risks to evaluate each new nanomaterial. Although nanomaterials are often used intentionally, they can also be released unintentionally either inside the human body, through wearing of a prosthesis or the inhalation of fumes, or into the environment, through mechanical wear or chemical powder waste. This possibility adds to the importance of understanding potential risks from these materials. Because of fundamental differences in nanomaterials, sound risk assessment currently requires that researchers perform toxicology studies on each new nanomaterial. However, if toxicity could be correlated to the basic physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, those relationships could allow researchers to predict potential risks and design nanomaterials with minimum toxicity. In this Account we describe the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) and how they can be determined and discuss their general importance for cytotoxicity. For simplicity, we focus primarily on in vitro toxicology that examines the interaction of living cells with engineered colloidal NPs with an inorganic core. Serious risk assessment of NPs will require additional in vivo studies. Basic physicochemical properties of nanoparticulate materials include colloidal stability, purity, inertness, size, shape, charge, and their ability to adsorb environmental compounds such as proteins. Unfortunately, the correlation of these properties with toxicity is not straightforward. First, for NPs released either unintentionally or intentionally, it can be difficult to pinpoint these properties in the materials. Therefore, researchers typically use NP models with better defined properties, which don't include the full complexity of most industrially relevant materials. In addition, many of these properties are strongly mutually connected. Therefore, it can be difficult to vary individual properties in NP models while keeping the others constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Fachbereich Physik and WZMW, Philipps Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Dorleta Jimenez De Aberasturi
- Fachbereich Physik and WZMW, Philipps Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Verena Wulf
- Fachbereich Physik and WZMW, Philipps Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Del Pino
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Teófilo Rojo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang J. Parak
- Fachbereich Physik and WZMW, Philipps Universität Marburg, Renthof 7, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
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271
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Kim ST, Saha K, Kim C, Rotello VM. The role of surface functionality in determining nanoparticle cytotoxicity. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:681-91. [PMID: 23294365 DOI: 10.1021/ar3000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface properties dictate the behavior of nanomaterials in vitro, in vivo, and in the environment. Such properties include surface charge and hydrophobicity. Also key are more complex supramolecular interactions such as aromatic stacking and hydrogen bonding, and even surface topology from the structural to the atomic level. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) provides an effective way to control the interface between nanomaterials and the biological systems they are designed to interact with. In medicine, for instance, proper control of surface properties can maximize therapeutic or imaging efficacy while minimizing unfavorable side effects. Meanwhile, in environmental science, thoughtful choice of particle coating can minimize the impact of manufactured nanomaterials on the environment. A thorough knowledge of how NP surfaces with various properties affect biological systems is essential for creating NPs with such useful therapeutic and imaging properties as low toxicity, stability, biocompatibility, favorable distribution throughout cells or tissues, and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles--and for reducing the potential environmental impact of manufactured nanomaterials, which are becoming increasingly prominent in the marketplace. In this Account, we discuss our research and that of others into how NP surface properties control interactions with biomolecules and cells at many scales, including the role the particle surface plays in determining in vivo behavior of nanomaterials. These interactions can be benign, beneficial, or lead to dysfunction in proteins, genes and cells, resulting in cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Understanding these interactions and their consequences helps us to design minimally invasive imaging and delivery agents. We also highlight in this Account how we have fabricated nanoparticles to act as therapeutic agents via tailored interactions with biomacromolecules. These particles offer new therapeutic directions from traditional small molecule therapies, and with potentially greater versatility than is possible with proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Krishnendu Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chaekyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 710 North Pleasant St., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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272
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Wang B, He X, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Feng W. Metabolism of nanomaterials in vivo: blood circulation and organ clearance. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:761-9. [PMID: 23964655 DOI: 10.1021/ar2003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Before researchers apply nanomaterials (NMs) in biomedicine, they need to understand the blood circulation and clearance profile of these materials in vivo. These qualities determine the balance between nanomaterial-induced activity and unwanted toxicity. NMs have heterogeneous characteristics: they combine the bulk properties of solids with the mobility of molecules, and their highly active contact interfaces exhibit diverse functionalities. Any new and unexpected circulation features and clearance patterns are of great concern in toxicological studies and pharmaceutical screens. A number of studies have reported that NMs can enter the bloodstream directly during their application or indirectly via inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure. Due to the small size of NMs, the blood can then transport them throughout the circulation and to many organs where they can be stored. In this Account, we discuss the blood circulation and organ clearance patterns of NMs in the lung, liver, and kidney. The circulation of NMs in bloodstream is critical for delivery of inhalable NMs to extrapulmonary organs, the delivery of injectable NMs, the dynamics of tissue redistribution, and the overall targeting of drug carriers to specific cells and organs. The lung, liver, and kidney are the major distribution sites and target organs for NMs exposure, and the clearance patterns of NMs in these organs are critical for understanding the in vivo fate of NMs. Current studies suggest that multiple factors control the circulation and organ clearance of NMs. The size, shape, surface charge, surface functional groups, and aspect ratio of NMs as well as tissue microstructures strongly influence the circulation of NMs in bloodstream, their site-specific extravasation, and their clearance profiles within organs. Therefore structure design and surface modification can improve biocompatibility, regulate the in vivo metabolism, and reduce the toxicity of NMs. The biophysicochemical interactions occurring between NMs and between NMs and the biological milieu after the introduction of NMs into living systems may further influence the blood circulation and clearance profiles of NMs. These interactions can alter properties such as agglomeration, phase transformations, dissolution, degradation, protein adsorption, and surface reactivity. The physicochemical properties of NMs change dynamically in vivo thereby making the metabolism of NMs complex and difficult to predict. The development of in situ, real-time, and quantitative techniques, in vitro assays, and the adaptation of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QNSAR) modeling for NMs will streamline future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiyue Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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273
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Orts-Gil G, Natte K, Thiermann R, Girod M, Rades S, Kalbe H, Thünemann AF, Maskos M, Österle W. On the role of surface composition and curvature on biointerface formation and colloidal stability of nanoparticles in a protein-rich model system. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:110-9. [PMID: 23528607 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The need for a better understanding of nanoparticle-protein interactions and the mechanisms governing the resulting colloidal stability has been emphasised in recent years. In the present contribution, the short and long term colloidal stability of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and silica-poly(ethylene glycol) nanohybrids (Sil-PEG) have been scrutinised in a protein model system. Well-defined silica nanoparticles are rapidly covered by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and form small clusters after 20min while large agglomerates are detected after 10h depending on both particle size and nanoparticle-protein ratio. Oppositely, Sil-PEG hybrids present suppressive protein adsorption and enhanced short and long term colloidal stability in protein solution. No critical agglomeration was found for either system in the absence of protein, proving that instability found for SNPs must arise as a consequence of protein adsorption and not to high ionic environment. Analysis of the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) structure factor indicates a short-range attractive potential between particles in the silica-BSA system, which is in good agreement with a protein bridging agglomeration mechanism. The results presented here point out the importance of the nanoparticle surface properties on the ability to adsorb proteins and how the induced or depressed adsorption may potentially drive the resulting colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Orts-Gil
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM 5.1), Unter den Eichen 87, D-12205 Berlin, Germany.
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274
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Carney RP, Astier Y, Carney TM, Voïtchovsky K, Jacob Silva PH, Stellacci F. Electrical method to quantify nanoparticle interaction with lipid bilayers. ACS NANO 2013; 7:932-42. [PMID: 23267695 DOI: 10.1021/nn3036304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding as well as rapidly screening the interaction of nanoparticles with cell membranes is of central importance for biological applications such as drug and gene delivery. Recently, we have shown that "striped" mixed-monolayer-coated gold nanoparticles spontaneously penetrate a variety of cell membranes through a passive pathway. Here, we report an electrical approach to screen and readily quantify the interaction between nanoparticles and bilayer lipid membranes. Membrane adsorption is monitored through the capacitive increase of suspended planar lipid membranes upon fusion with nanoparticles. We adopt a Langmuir isotherm model to characterize the adsorption of nanoparticles by bilayer lipid membranes and extract the partition coefficient, K, and the standard free energy gain by this spontaneous process, for a variety of sizes of cell-membrane-penetrating nanoparticles. We believe that the method presented here will be a useful qualitative and quantitative tool to determine nanoparticle interaction with lipid bilayers and consequently with cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy P Carney
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SuNMIL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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275
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Damato TC, de Oliveira CCS, Ando RA, Camargo PHC. A facile approach to TiO2 colloidal spheres decorated with Au nanoparticles displaying well-defined sizes and uniform dispersion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1642-9. [PMID: 23311597 DOI: 10.1021/la3045219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a straightforward approach for the synthesis of hybrid materials composed of titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) colloidal spheres decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). In the reported method, monodisperse TiO(2) colloidal spheres (∼220 nm in diameter) could be directly employed as templates for the nucleation and growth of Au NPs over their surface using AuCl(4)(-)(aq) as the Au precursor, ascorbic acid as the reducing agent, PVP as the stabilizer, and water as the solvent. The Au NPs presented a uniform distribution over the TiO(2) surface. Interestingly, the size of the Au NPs could be controlled by performing sequential reduction steps with AuCl(4)(-)(aq). This method could also be adapted for the production of TiO(2) colloidal spheres decorated with other metal NPs including silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt). The catalytic activities of the TiO(2)-Au materials as a function of composition and NPs size were investigated toward the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol under ambient conditions. An increase of up to 10.3-fold was observed for TiO(2)-Au relative to TiO(2). A surface-enhanced Raman scattering application for TiO(2)-Au was also demonstrated employing 4-mercaptopyridine as the probe molecule. The results presented herein indicate that our approach may serve as a platform for the synthesis of hybrid materials containing TiO(2) and metal NPs displaying well-defined morphologies, compositions, and sizes. This can have important implications for the design of TiO(2)-based materials with improved performances for photocatalysis and photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana C Damato
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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276
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Laurent S, Burtea C, Thirifays C, Rezaee F, Mahmoudi M. Significance of cell “observer” and protein source in nanobiosciences. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 392:431-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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277
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Fadeel B, Feliu N, Vogt C, Abdelmonem AM, Parak WJ. Bridge over troubled waters: understanding the synthetic and biological identities of engineered nanomaterials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:111-29. [PMID: 23335558 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials offer exciting opportunities for 'smart' drug delivery and in vivo imaging of disease processes, as well as in regenerative medicine. The ability to manipulate matter at the nanoscale enables many new properties that are both desirable and exploitable, but the same properties could also give rise to unexpected toxicities that may adversely affect human health. Understanding the physicochemical properties that drive toxicological outcomes is a formidable challenge as it is not trivial to separate and, hence, to pinpoint individual material characteristics of nanomaterials. In addition, nanomaterials that interact with biological systems are likely to acquire a surface corona of biomolecules that may dictate their biological behavior. Indeed, we propose that it is the combination of material-intrinsic properties (the 'synthetic identity') and context-dependent properties determined, in part, by the bio-corona of a given biological compartment (the 'biological identity') that will determine the interactions of engineered nanomaterials with cells and tissues and subsequent outcomes. The delineation of these entwined 'identities' of engineered nanomaterials constitutes the bridge between nanotoxicological research and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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278
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Wang B, Feng W, Zhao Y, Chai Z. Metallomics insights for in vivo studies of metal based nanomaterials. Metallomics 2013; 5:793-803. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00093a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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279
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Pombo-García K, Zarschler K, Barreto JA, Hesse J, Spiccia L, Graham B, Stephan H. Design, synthesis, characterisation and in vitro studies of hydrophilic, colloidally stable, 64Cu(ii)-labelled, ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles in a range of human cell lines. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43726d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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280
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Chen H, Zheng X, Chen Y, Mu H. Long-term performance of enhanced biological phosphorus removal with increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles and ions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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281
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Chernousova S, Epple M. Silber als antibakterielles Agens: Ion, Nanopartikel, Metall. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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282
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Chernousova S, Epple M. Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1636-53. [PMID: 23255416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1274] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial action of silver is utilized in numerous consumer products and medical devices. Metallic silver, silver salts, and also silver nanoparticles are used for this purpose. The state of research on the effect of silver on bacteria, cells, and higher organisms is summarized. It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed. However, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Chernousova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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283
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Fan Z, Yang X, Li Y, Li S, Niu S, Wu X, Wei J, Nie G. Deciphering an Underlying Mechanism of Differential Cellular Effects of Nanoparticles: An Example of Bach-1 Dependent Induction of HO-1 Expression by Gold Nanorod. Biointerphases 2012; 7:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-011-0010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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284
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Asefa T, Tao Z. Mesoporous silica and organosilica materials — Review of their synthesis and organic functionalization. CAN J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/v2012-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica and organosilica materials are a class of nanostructured materials that have porous structures with tunable nanometer pores, large surface areas, high pore volumes, and, in some cases, well-ordered mesostructures. Furthermore, in the case of mesoporous organosilicas, the materials possess various types of organic functional groups. This review highlights the different synthetic methods developed for mesoporous silica and organosilica nanomaterials. The review also discusses the various synthetic strategies used to functionalize the surfaces of mesoporous silica materials and produce highly functionalized mesoporous materials. Rational design and synthetic methods developed to place judiciously chosen one or more than one type of functional group(s) on the surfaces of mesoporous silica materials and generate monofunctional and multifunctional mesoporous silica materials are also introduced. These organic functionalization methods have made possible the synthesis of organically functionalized mesoporous silicas and mesoporous organosilicas with various interesting properties and many potential applications in different areas, ranging from catalysis to drug delivery and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Asefa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- The Institute for Advanced Materials, Devices and Nanotechnology (IAMDN), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhimin Tao
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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285
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Sun W, Luna-Velasco A, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA. Assessing protein oxidation by inorganic nanoparticles with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:694-701. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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286
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Louizos LA, Athanasopoulos PG, Varty K. Microelectromechanical systems and nanotechnology: a platform for the next stent technological era. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2012; 46:605-9. [PMID: 23047818 DOI: 10.1177/1538574412462637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the design and development of materials, structures, and devices with at least 1 dimension between the 1- and 100-nm-size scale. Manipulating matter at the atomic scale offers unique opportunities in material design particularly in biological interfaces. In this short review, we explore the disruptive technological opportunities that nanotechnology and microelectromechanical systems may offer in possible future stent designs along with safety issues that may surface with the use of nanoparticles in medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louizos-Alexandros Louizos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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287
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Genetically programmed superparamagnetic behavior of mammalian cells. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:237-45. [PMID: 23036923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although magnetic fields and paramagnetic inorganic materials were abundant on planet earth during the entire evolution of living species the interaction of organisms with these physical forces remains a little-understood phenomenon. Interestingly, rather than being genetically encoded, organisms seem to accumulate and take advantage of inorganic nanoparticles to sense or react to magnetic fields. Using a synthetic biology-inspired approach we have genetically programmed mammalian cells to show superparamagnetic behavior. The combination of ectopic production of the human ferritin heavy chain 1 (hFTH1), engineering the cells for expression of an iron importer, the divalent metal ion transferase 1 (DMT1) and the design of an iron-loading culture medium to maximize cellular iron uptake enabled efficient iron mineralization in intracellular ferritin particles and conferred superparamagnetic behavior to the entire cell. When captured by a magnetic field the superparamagnetic cells reached attraction velocities of up to 30 μm/s and could be efficiently separated from complex cell mixtures using standard magnetic cell separation equipment. Technology that enables magnetic separation of genetically programmed superparamagnetic cells in the absence of inorganic particles could foster novel opportunities in diagnostics and cell-based therapies.
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288
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Brand P, Lenz K, Reisgen U, Kraus T. Number size distribution of fine and ultrafine fume particles from various welding processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 57:305-13. [PMID: 23028013 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mes070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies in the field of environmental epidemiology indicate that for the adverse effect of inhaled particles not only particle mass is crucial but also particle size is. Ultrafine particles with diameters below 100 nm are of special interest since these particles have high surface area to mass ratio and have properties which differ from those of larger particles. In this paper, particle size distributions of various welding and joining techniques were measured close to the welding process using a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS). It turned out that welding processes with high mass emission rates (manual metal arc welding, metal active gas welding, metal inert gas welding, metal inert gas soldering, and laser welding) show mainly agglomerated particles with diameters above 100 nm and only few particles in the size range below 50 nm (10 to 15%). Welding processes with low mass emission rates (tungsten inert gas welding and resistance spot welding) emit predominantly ultrafine particles with diameters well below 100 nm. This finding can be explained by considerably faster agglomeration processes in welding processes with high mass emission rates. Although mass emission is low for tungsten inert gas welding and resistance spot welding, due to the low particle size of the fume, these processes cannot be labeled as toxicologically irrelevant and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brand
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen/Germany.
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289
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Shim W, Paik MJ, Nguyen DT, Lee JK, Lee Y, Kim JH, Shin EH, Kang JS, Jung HS, Choi S, Park S, Shim JS, Lee G. Analysis of changes in gene expression and metabolic profiles induced by silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7665-7680. [PMID: 22830605 DOI: 10.1021/nn301113f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have proven themselves to be useful in biomedical research; however, previous reports were insufficient to address the potential dangers of nanoparticles. Here, we investigated gene expression and metabolic changes based on the microarray and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with human embryo kidney 293 cells treated with MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC), a silica-coated MNP containing Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). In addition, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ATP analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC) on mitochondrial function. Compared to the nontreated control, glutamic acid was increased by more than 2.0-fold, and expression of genes related to the glutamic acid metabolic pathway was also disturbed in 1.0 μg/μL of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC)-treated cells. Furthermore, increases in ROS concentration and mitochondrial damage were observed in this MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC) concentration. The organic acids related to the Krebs cycle were also disturbed, and the capacity of ATP synthesis was decreased in cell treated with an overdose of MNPs@SiO(2)(RITC). Collectively, these results suggest that overdose (1.0 μg/μL) of MNPs caused transcriptomic and metabolic disturbance. In addition, we suggest that a combination of gene expression and metabolic profiles will provide more detailed and sensitive toxicological evaluation for nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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290
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Wu J, Chen Q, Liu W, Zhang Y, Lin JM. Cytotoxicity of quantum dots assay on a microfluidic 3D-culture device based on modeling diffusion process between blood vessels and tissues. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3474-3480. [PMID: 22836595 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel quantum dot (QD) cytotoxicity assay platform on a microfluidic three-dimensional (3D) culture device via imitating the diffusion process between blood vessels and tissues was developed. The device is composed of a main channel and two sets of cell culture chambers. The cell culture chambers were located at different distances from the main channel and were divided into "close chambers" and "far chambers". HepG2 cells were cultured in an agarose matrix under 3D conditions and kept at high viability for at least three days. Fluorescein sodium and fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) were used as models to demonstrate the diffusion process between main channel and cell culture chambers. QD cytotoxicity was evaluated by determining cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) with specific fluorescence probes. Cell autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) could reduce cell apoptosis at low concentrations of QDs, which proves that cell autophagy plays a key role in QD cytotoxicity. The effect of a series of 3-MA solutions on cell apoptosis at QD concentration of 40 μg mL(-1) was investigated, which showed that the percentage of cell apoptosis decreased ∼15% from 0 to 12 mM 3-MA. The device shows potential as a high-throughput, low-cost and time-saving platform and constructs a more vivid biomimetic microenvironment for the QD cytotoxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Method and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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291
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292
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293
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Kim CK, Kim T, Choi IY, Soh M, Kim D, Kim YJ, Jang H, Yang HS, Kim JY, Park HK, Park SP, Park S, Yu T, Yoon BW, Lee SH, Hyeon T. Ceria Nanoparticles that can Protect against Ischemic Stroke. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11039-43. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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294
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Dai Y, Yang D, Ma P, Kang X, Zhang X, Li C, Hou Z, Cheng Z, Lin J. Doxorubicin conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles for therapy and sensing of drug delivery by luminescence resonance energy transfer. Biomaterials 2012; 33:8704-13. [PMID: 22938822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report an anticancer drug delivery system based on doxorubicin (DOX)-conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles. The as-synthesized nanoparticles consist of uniform spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 25 nm. The drug delivery system demonstrates the ability to release DOX by cleavage of the hydrazone bond in mildly acidic environments. The spectra overlap between emission of donor NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles at 452 nm ((1)D(2)→(3)F(4)) and 477 nm ((1)G(4)→(3)H(6)) and the broad absorbance of acceptor DOX centered at around 480 nm enables energy transfer to occur between the nanoparticles and DOX. The quenching and recovery of the up-conversion luminescence of NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) by DOX due to luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) mechanism are applied as optical probe to confirm the DOX conjunction and monitor the release of DOX. The DOX-conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles exhibit an obvious cytotoxic effect on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells via MTT assay. Meanwhile, the endocytosis process of DOX-conjugated NaYF(4):Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoparticles by SKVO3 cells was demonstrated through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), flow cytometry and ICP-OES. Such drug delivery system, which combines pH-triggered drug-release and up-converting nanoparticles-based LRET property, has excellent potential applications in cancer therapy and smart imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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295
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Hamada T, Morita M, Miyakawa M, Sugimoto R, Hatanaka A, Vestergaard MC, Takagi M. Size-Dependent Partitioning of Nano/Microparticles Mediated by Membrane Lateral Heterogeneity. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13990-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301264v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masamune Morita
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Makiyo Miyakawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sugimoto
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ai Hatanaka
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mun’delanji C. Vestergaard
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi,
Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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296
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Raemy DO, Grass RN, Stark WJ, Schumacher CM, Clift MJD, Gehr P, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Effects of flame made zinc oxide particles in human lung cells - a comparison of aerosol and suspension exposures. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:33. [PMID: 22901679 PMCID: PMC3585858 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predominantly, studies of nanoparticle (NPs) toxicology in vitro are based upon the exposure of submerged cell cultures to particle suspensions. Such an approach however, does not reflect particle inhalation. As a more realistic simulation of such a scenario, efforts were made towards direct delivery of aerosols to air-liquid-interface cultivated cell cultures by the use of aerosol exposure systems. This study aims to provide a direct comparison of the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs when delivered as either an aerosol, or in suspension to a triple cell co-culture model of the epithelial airway barrier. To ensure dose–equivalence, ZnO-deposition was determined in each exposure scenario by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biological endpoints being investigated after 4 or 24h incubation include cytotoxicity, total reduced glutathione, induction of antioxidative genes such as heme-oxygenase 1 (HO–1) as well as the release of the (pro)-inflammatory cytokine TNFα. Results Off-gases released as by-product of flame ZnO synthesis caused a significant decrease of total reduced GSH and induced further the release of the cytokine TNFα, demonstrating the influence of the gas phase on aerosol toxicology. No direct effects could be attributed to ZnO particles. By performing suspension exposure to avoid the factor “flame-gases”, particle specific effects become apparent. Other parameters such as LDH and HO–1 were not influenced by gaseous compounds: Following aerosol exposure, LDH levels appeared elevated at both timepoints and the HO–1 transcript correlated positively with deposited ZnO-dose. Under submerged conditions, the HO–1 induction scheme deviated for 4 and 24h and increased extracellular LDH was found following 24h exposure. Conclusion In the current study, aerosol and suspension-exposure has been compared by exposing cell cultures to equivalent amounts of ZnO. Both exposure strategies differ fundamentally in their dose–response pattern. Additional differences can be found for the factor time: In the aerosol scenario, parameters tend to their maximum already after 4h of exposure, whereas under submerged conditions, effects appear most pronounced mainly after 24h. Aerosol exposure provides information about the synergistic interplay of gaseous and particulate phase of an aerosol in the context of inhalation toxicology. Exposure to suspensions represents a valuable complementary method and allows investigations on particle-associated toxicity by excluding all gas–derived effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Raemy
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Bionanomaterials, University of Fribourg, Rte de l'Ancienne Papeterie, P.O. Box 209, CH-1732, Marly, Switzerland
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297
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Abstract
The intersection of particles and directed energy is a rich source of novel and useful technology that is only recently being realized for medicine. One of the most promising applications is directed drug delivery. This review focuses on phase-shift nanoparticles (that is, particles of submicron size) as well as micron-scale particles whose action depends on an external-energy triggered, first-order phase shift from a liquid to gas state of either the particle itself or of the surrounding medium. These particles have tremendous potential for actively disrupting their environment for altering transport properties and unloading drugs. This review covers in detail ultrasound and laser-activated phase-shift nano- and micro-particles and their use in drug delivery. Phase-shift based drug-delivery mechanisms and competing technologies are discussed.
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298
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Vollrath A, Pretzel D, Pietsch C, Perevyazko I, Schubert S, Pavlov GM, Schubert US. Preparation, Cellular Internalization, and Biocompatibility of Highly Fluorescent PMMA Nanoparticles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1791-7. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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299
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Zhou R, Zhou H, Xiong B, He Y, Yeung ES. Pericellular Matrix Enhances Retention and Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13404-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja304119w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Edward S. Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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300
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Walser T, Limbach LK, Brogioli R, Erismann E, Flamigni L, Hattendorf B, Juchli M, Krumeich F, Ludwig C, Prikopsky K, Rossier M, Saner D, Sigg A, Hellweg S, Günther D, Stark WJ. Persistence of engineered nanoparticles in a municipal solid-waste incineration plant. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:520-524. [PMID: 22609690 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 million tonnes of municipal solid waste are incinerated worldwide every year. However, little is known about the fate of nanomaterials during incineration, even though the presence of engineered nanoparticles in waste is expected to grow. Here, we show that cerium oxide nanoparticles introduced into a full-scale waste incineration plant bind loosely to solid residues from the combustion process and can be efficiently removed from flue gas using current filter technology. The nanoparticles were introduced either directly onto the waste before incineration or into the gas stream exiting the furnace of an incinerator that processes 200,000 tonnes of waste per year. Nanoparticles that attached to the surface of the solid residues did not become a fixed part of the residues and did not demonstrate any physical or chemical changes. Our observations show that although it is possible to incinerate waste without releasing nanoparticles into the atmosphere, the residues to which they bind eventually end up in landfills or recovered raw materials, confirming that there is a clear environmental need to develop degradable nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Walser
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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