251
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Sakamaki M, Fujita S, Sato Y, Bemben MG, Abe T. Blood pressure response to slow walking combined with KAATSU in the elderly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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252
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Kubota N, Takano H, Tsutsumi T, Kurano M, Iida H, Yasuda T, Meguro K, Morita T, Sato Y, Kawashima S, Yamazaki Y, Ohshima H, Tachibana S, Ishii N, Abe T, Nakajima T. Resistance exercise combined with KAATSU during simulated weightlessness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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253
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Fujita S, Abe T, Drummond MJ, Cadenas JG, Dreyer HC, Sato Y, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Blood flow restriction during low-intensity resistance exercise increases S6K1 phosphorylation and muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103:903-10. [PMID: 17569770 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00195.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity resistance exercise training combined with blood flow restriction (REFR) increases muscle size and strength as much as conventional resistance exercise with high loads. However, the cellular mechanism(s) underlying the hypertrophy and strength gains induced by REFR are unknown. We have recently shown that both the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) were stimulated after an acute bout of high-intensity resistance exercise in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that an acute bout of REFR would enhance mTOR signaling and stimulate MPS. We measured MPS and phosphorylation status of mTOR-associated signaling proteins in six young male subjects. Subjects were studied once during blood flow restriction (REFR, bilateral leg extension exercise at 20% of 1 repetition maximum while a pressure cuff was placed on the proximal end of both thighs and inflated at 200 mmHg) and a second time using the same exercise protocol but without the pressure cuff [control (Ctrl)]. MPS in the vastus lateralis muscle was measured by using stable isotope techniques, and the phosphorylation status of signaling proteins was determined by immunoblotting. Blood lactate, cortisol, and growth hormone were higher following REFR compared with Ctrl (P < 0.05). Ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) phosphorylation, a downstream target of mTOR, increased concurrently with a decreased eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2) phosphorylation and a 46% increase in MPS following REFR (P < 0.05). MPS and S6K1 phosphorylation were unchanged in the Ctrl group postexercise. We conclude that the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway appears to be an important cellular mechanism that may help explain the enhanced muscle protein synthesis during REFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujita
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
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254
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Iida H, Kurano M, Takano H, Kubota N, Morita T, Meguro K, Sato Y, Abe T, Yamazaki Y, Uno K, Takenaka K, Hirose K, Nakajima T. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU in healthy subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 100:275-85. [PMID: 17342543 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The application of an orthostatic stress such as lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has been proposed to minimize the effects of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system and subsequently to reduce the cardiovascular deconditioning. The KAATSU training is a novel method to induce muscle strength and hypertrophy with blood pooling in capacitance vessels by restricting venous return. Here, we studied the hemodynamic, autonomic nervous and hormonal responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU in healthy male subjects, using the ultrasonography and impedance cardiography. The pressurization on both thighs induced pooling of blood into the legs with pressure-dependent reduction of femoral arterial blood flow. The application of 200 mmHg KAATSU significantly decreased left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd), cardiac output (CO) and diameter of inferior vena cava (IVC). Similarly, 200 mmHg KAATSU also decreased stroke volume (SV), which was almost equal to the value in standing. Heart rate (HR) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased in a similar manner to standing with slight change of mean blood pressure (mBP). High-frequency power (HF(RR)) decreased during both 200 mmHg KAATSU and standing, while low-frequency/high-frequency power (LF(RR)/HF(RR)) increased significantly. During KAATSU and standing, the concentration of noradrenaline (NA) and vasopressin (ADH) and plasma renin activity (PRA) increased. These results indicate that KAATSU in supine subjects reproduces the effects of standing on HR, SV, TPR, etc., thus stimulating an orthostatic stimulus. And, KAATSU training appears to be a useful method for potential countermeasure like LBNP against orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Iida
- Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, KAATSU Training, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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255
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Bemben D, Palmer I, Abe T, Sato Y, Bemben M. Effects of a single bout of low intensity KAATSU resistance training on markers of bone turnover in young men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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256
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Nakajima T, Takano H, Kurano M, Iida H, Kubota N, Yasuda T, Kato M, Meguro K, Sato Y, Yamazaki Y, Kawashima S, Ohshima H, Tachibana S, Nagata T, Abe T, Ishii N, Morita T. Effects of KAATSU training on haemostasis in healthy subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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257
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Pierce JR, Clark BC, Ploutz-Snyder LL, Kanaley JA. Growth hormone and muscle function responses to skeletal muscle ischemia. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:1588-95. [PMID: 16888046 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00585.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of ischemia (ISC) alone and with low-intensity exercise (ISC+EX) on growth hormone (GH) and muscle function responses. Nine men (22 +/- 0.7 yr) completed 3 study days: an ISC day (thigh cuff inflated five times, 5 min on, 3 min off), an ISC+EX day [knee extension at 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) with ISC], and a control day. MVCs and submaximal contraction tasks (15 and 30% MVC) were performed before and following the perturbations. Surface electromyogram signals were collected from thigh muscles and analyzed for median frequency and root mean square alterations. Blood samples were collected every 10 min (190 min total) and analyzed for GH concentrations. Peak GH concentrations and GH area under the curve were highest (P < 0.01) on the ISC+EX day (7.5 microg/l and 432 microg.l(-1).min(-1), respectively) compared with the ISC (0.9 microg/l and 76.4 microg.l(-1).min(-1)), and CON (1.1 microg/l and 83.8 microg.l(-1).min(-1)) days. A greater GH pulse amplitude, mass/pulse, and production rate were also observed on the ISC+EX day (P < 0.05). Following the intervention, force production decreased on the ISC and ISC+EX days by 16.1 and 55.8%, respectively, and did not return to baseline values within 5 min of recovery. During the submaximal contractions, median frequency shifted to lower frequencies for most of the muscles examined, and root mean square electromyogram was consistently elevated for ISC+EX day. In conclusion, ISC coupled with resistance exercise acutely increases GH levels and reduces MVC, whereas ISC alone decreases force capacity, without alterations in GH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Pierce
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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258
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Ghanbari-Niaki A. Ghrelin and glucoregulatory hormone responses to a single circuit resistance exercise in male college students. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:966-70. [PMID: 16979150 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been suggested that ghrelin may play a role in growth hormone (GH) secretion to exercise. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to examine the effects of a single bout of circuit resistance exercise on plasma glucose, ghrelin, GH, and c-peptide, and cortisol. DESIGN AND METHODS Fourteen volunteer male physical education students completed a single bout circuit resistance training (10 exercises, three circuits, and at 60% of 1-RM). Blood samples were collected before, immediately after the exercise, and 24-h following the exercise protocol. RESULTS GH, glucose, and c-peptide showed a significant increase immediately after exercise and returned to pre exercise values over time. Plasma ghrelin showed a significant decrease immediately after the exercise and increased significantly 24-h following the exercise. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a decrease in plasma ghrelin following a single bout of circuit resistance exercise indicates that an increase in GH is not related to plasma ghrelin levels. An acute exercise-induced hyperphagia during the long-recovery was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modarres, PO Box 14115-39, Tehran, Iran.
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259
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Reeves GV, Kraemer RR, Hollander DB, Clavier J, Thomas C, Francois M, Castracane VD. Comparison of hormone responses following light resistance exercise with partial vascular occlusion and moderately difficult resistance exercise without occlusion. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:1616-22. [PMID: 16902061 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00440.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of contracting muscle with low loading and partial vascular occlusion demonstrated hypertrophy and strength adaptations similar to and exceeding those observed with traditional moderate to high resistance (Shinohara M, Kouzaki M, Yoshihisa T, and Fukunaga T. Eur J Physiol 77: 189-191, 1998; Takarada Y, Takazawa H, Sato Y, Takebayashi S, Tanaka Y, and Ishii N. J Appl Physiol 88: 2097-2106, 2000; Takarada Y, Sato Y, and Ishii N. Eur J Physiol 86: 308-314, 2002). The purpose of the study was to determine the anabolic and catabolic hormone responses to light resistance exercise combined with partial vascular occlusion. Three experimental conditions of light resistance with partial occlusion (LRO), moderate resistance with no occlusion (MR), and partial occlusion without exercise (OO) were performed by eight healthy subjects [mean 21 yr (SD 1.8)]. Three sets of single-arm biceps curls and single-leg calf presses were completed to failure with 1-min interset rest periods. Workloads of 30 and 70% one repetition maximum for each exercise were lifted for the LRO and MR trials, respectively. Blood samples were taken preexercise, postexercise, and 15 min postexercise for each experimental condition. Lactate increased significantly in the LRO and MR trials and was not significantly different from each other at any time point. Growth hormone (GH) increased significantly by fourfold from pre- to postexercise in the LRO session but did not change significantly during this time period in the MR and OO trials (8.3 +/- 2.3 vs. 2.1 +/- 1.2 and 2.6 +/- 0.94 microg/l; respectively, P < 0.05). There were no changes in resting total testosterone [T; mean 15.7 +/- 1.6 (SE) nmol/l], free testosterone (FT; 54.1 +/- 4.5 pmol/l), or cortisol (267.6 +/- 22 nmol/l) across all trials and times. In conclusion, with similar lactate responses, light exercise combined with partial vascular occlusion elicits a greater GH response than moderate exercise without occlusion but does not affect T, FT, or cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg V Reeves
- Departments of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70401, USA
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260
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Kusuhara K, Fujita T, Yasuda T, Nakajima T, Sato Y, Miyagi Y, Murakami Y, Abe T. Effect of knee extension exercise with KAATSU on forehead cutaneous blood flow in healthy young and middle-aged women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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261
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Iida H, Kurano M, Takano H, Oonuma H, Imuta H, Kubota N, Morita T, Meguro K, Sato Y, Abe T, Yamazaki T, Nakajima T. Can KAATSU be used for an orthostatic stress in astronauts?: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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262
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Nakajima T, Kurano M, Iida H, Takano H, Oonuma H, Morita T, Meguro K, Sato Y, Nagata T, KAATSU Training Group. Use and safety of KAATSU training:Results of a national survey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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263
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Sato Y, Yoshitomi A, Abe T. Acute growth hormone response to low-intensity KAATSU resistance exercise: Comparison between arm and leg. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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264
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Iida H, Takano H, Meguro K, Asada K, Oonuma H, Morita T, Kurano M, Sakagami F, Uno K, Hirose K, Nagata T, Takenaka K, Suzuki J, Hirata Y, Furuichi T, Eto F, Nagai R, Sato Y, Nakajima T. Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAATSU. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.3806/ijktr.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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