251
|
Basu S, Harris H, Wolk A, Rossary A, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP, Larsson A. Inflammatory F 2-isoprostane, prostaglandin F 2α, pentraxin 3 levels and breast cancer risk: The Swedish Mammography Cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 113:28-32. [PMID: 27720037 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a common cancer among women. Identifying cellular participation of F2-isoprostane, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in cancer we evaluated whether their prediagnostic systemic levels that originate from different inflammatory pathways were associated with breast cancer risk. METHODS Seventy-eight breast cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and 797 controls from the Swedish Mammography Cohort were analysed for urinary F2-isoprostane, PGF2α and plasma PTX3 levels. RESULTS None of the biomarkers investigated were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. However, there was the suggestion of an inverse association with PTX3 with multivariable adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 0.56 (95% CI=0.29-1.06) and 0.67 (95% CI=0.35-1.28) for the second and third tertiles, respectively (ptrend=0.20). No associations were observed between F2-isoprostane (OR=0.87; 95% CI=0.48-1.57; ptrend=0.67) and PGF2α metabolite (OR=1.03; 95% CI=0.56-1.88; ptrend=0.91) comparing the top to bottom tertiles. CONCLUSIONS The systemic levels of F2-isoprostane, PGF2α and PTX3 witnessed in women who later developed breast cancer may not provide prognostic information regarding tumor development in spite of their known involvement in situ cellular context. These observations may indicate that other mechanisms exist in controlling cellular formation of F2-isoprostane, PGF2α and PTX3 and their systemic availability in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Holly Harris
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chézet
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Chaire d'Excellence Program, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, INRA-UDA, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre Jean Perrin, Unicancer, Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité d'Exploration Nutritionnelle, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Agatea L, Crotti S, Ragazzi E, Bedin C, Urso E, Mammi I, Traldi P, Pucciarelli S, Nitti D, Agostini M. Peptide Patterns as Discriminating Biomarkers in Plasma of Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2016; 15:e75-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
253
|
Doerner SK, Reis ES, Leung ES, Ko JS, Heaney JD, Berger NA, Lambris JD, Nadeau JH. High-Fat Diet-Induced Complement Activation Mediates Intestinal Inflammation and Neoplasia, Independent of Obesity. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:953-965. [PMID: 27535705 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are closely associated with pathologies that represent a significant burden to global health. Epidemiological and molecular evidence links obesity and metabolic status with inflammation and increased risk of cancer. Here, using a mouse model of intestinal neoplasia and strains that are susceptible or resistant to diet-induced obesity, it is demonstrated that high-fat diet-induced inflammation, rather than obesity or metabolic status, is associated with increased intestinal neoplasia. The complement fragment C5a acts as the trigger for inflammation and intestinal tumorigenesis. High-fat diet induces complement activation and generation of C5a, which in turn induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of proto-oncogenes. Pharmacological and genetic targeting of the C5a receptor reduced both inflammation and intestinal polyposis, suggesting the use of complement inhibitors for preventing diet-induced neoplasia. IMPLICATIONS This study characterizes the relations between diet and metabolic conditions on risk for a common cancer and identifies complement activation as a novel target for cancer prevention. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 953-65. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edimara S Reis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elaine S Leung
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Justine S Ko
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathan A Berger
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph H Nadeau
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.
| |
Collapse
|
254
|
Hess C, Kemper C. Complement-Mediated Regulation of Metabolism and Basic Cellular Processes. Immunity 2016; 45:240-54. [PMID: 27533012 PMCID: PMC5019180 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complement is well appreciated as a critical arm of innate immunity. It is required for the removal of invading pathogens and works by directly destroying them through the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. However, complement activation and function is not confined to the extracellular space but also occurs within cells. Recent work indicates that complement activation regulates key metabolic pathways and thus can impact fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and autophagy. Newly identified functions of complement include a key role in shaping metabolic reprogramming, which underlies T cell effector differentiation, and a role as a nexus for interactions with other effector systems, in particular the inflammasome and Notch transcription-factor networks. This review focuses on the contributions of complement to basic processes of the cell, in particular the integration of complement with cellular metabolism and the potential implications in infection and other disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Medical Reseaerch Council Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
255
|
Triner D, Shah YM. Hypoxia-inducible factors: a central link between inflammation and cancer. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3689-3698. [PMID: 27525434 DOI: 10.1172/jci84430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune response is in a dynamic balance between antitumor mechanisms, which serve to decrease cancer growth, and the protumor inflammatory response, which increases immune tolerance, cell survival, and proliferation. Hypoxia and expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α are characteristic features of all solid tumors. HIF signaling serves as a major adaptive mechanism in tumor growth in a hypoxic microenvironment. HIFs represent a critical signaling node in the switch to protumorigenic inflammatory responses through recruitment of protumor immune cells and altered immune cell effector functions to suppress antitumor immune responses and promote tumor growth through direct growth-promoting cytokine production, angiogenesis, and ROS production. Modulating HIF function will be an important mechanism to dampen the tumor-promoting inflammatory response and inhibit cancer growth.
Collapse
|
256
|
|
257
|
The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is "Inflammation" Always Inflammation? Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2856213. [PMID: 27597803 PMCID: PMC4997018 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2856213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of "proinflammatory" cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine "inflammation"? In this review, we discuss the functions of "inflammatory" mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury.
Collapse
|
258
|
Chen HC, Cheng CY, Lin HC, Chen HH, Chen CH, Yang CP, Yang KH, Lin CM, Lin TY, Shih CM, Liu YC. Multifunctions of Excited Gold Nanoparticles Decorated Artificial Kidney with Efficient Hemodialysis and Therapeutic Potential. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:19691-700. [PMID: 27390874 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b05905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is inflammation-related. Patients with chronic renal failure who undergo hemodialysis (HD) have some acute adverse effects caused by dialysis-induced oxidative stress, protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and activation of coagulation and inflammation. Here, resonantly illuminated gold nanoparticles-modified artificial kidney (AuNPs@AK) for achieving high efficiency accompanying therapeutic strategy for CKD during HD is proposed. The efficiency in removing uremic toxins increased obviously, especially in the presence of protein (closer to the real blood). The excited AuNPs@AK expressed negatively charged surface reduced some acute adverse effects caused by dialysis-induced protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and activation of coagulation, thus avoiding thrombosis during HD. Unlike to traditional HD which provides only one function of removing uremic toxins, the solution collected from the outlet of the sample channel of excited AuNPs@AK showed an efficient free radical scavenger that could decrease dialysis-induced oxidative stress. In the CKD mouse model, this antioxidative solution from excited AuNPs@AK further decreased fibronectin expression and attenuated renal fibrosis, suggesting a reduced inflammatory response. These successful in vitro and in vivo approaches suggest that resonantly illuminated AuNPs@AK in HD take multiadvantages in shortening treatment time and reducing risk of adverse effects, which promise trailblazing therapeutic strategies for CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chien Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital , 111 Hsing-Long Road, Section 3, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital , No. 252, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital , No. 252, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Huei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Mao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Ming Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , No. 250, Wuxing Street., Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
259
|
Doni A, D'Amico G, Morone D, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. Humoral innate immunity at the crossroad between microbe and matrix recognition: The role of PTX3 in tissue damage. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 61:31-40. [PMID: 27476448 PMCID: PMC5419421 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is involved in regulating inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. In particular, humoral innate immunity plays functions related to wound clearance from tissue debris, and regulation of macrophage and stromal cell activities. PTX3, a component of humoral innate immunity, orchestrates tissue repair by interacting with plasminogen and fibrin. Fluid-phase molecules of innate immunity interact with elements of the extracellular matrix, and some of the latter display opsonic activity against certain bacterial species. Thus, recognition of extracellular matrix and microbial components is a recurrent theme in the humoral arm of the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Diego Morone
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Doehn JM, Winkler A, Kuzmina Z, Hladik A, Greinix H, Knapp S, Robak O. Pentraxin-3 levels in graft-versus-host disease during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:917-23. [PMID: 27403536 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic graft-versus-host-diseases (aGVHD and cGVHD, respectively) are serious complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), impairing survival and quality of life. Because the underlying pathomechanism of GVHD is still poorly understood, we investigated the novel inflammatory marker Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) for its potential role in acute and chronic GVHD compared with autologous HSCT and healthy individuals. We collected plasma samples from patients undergoing autologous (n = 12) and allogeneic (n = 28) HSCT and from healthy individuals (n = 15) throughout 7 days before and up to 1 year after HSCT. PTX3 levels in patients with aGVHD were significantly higher (36.4 ± 23.6 ng/mL) than in allogeneic patients without aGVHD (10.4 ± 4.4 ng/mL, p = 0.0001), autologous controls (11.4 ± 6.7 ng/mL, p = 0.001), or healthy individuals (1.9 ± 0.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). PTX3 levels in patients with cGVHD (13.6 ± 6.3 ng/mL) were significantly lower than in allogeneic patients without cGVHD (25.1 ± 13.8 ng/mL, p = 0.04) and higher than in autologous controls (8.9 ± 7.8 ng/mL, p = 0.07) and healthy individuals (1.9 ± 0.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Severity of aGVHD and cGVHD correlated with PTX3 levels. Rising PTX3 levels after HSCT indicated unfavorable outcome. We show that PTX3 levels correlate with the severity of aGVHD, cGVHD, and-with reservations-survival in patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Moritz Doehn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pneumology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoya Kuzmina
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hildegard Greinix
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Robak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pneumology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
261
|
Ying TH, Lee CH, Chiou HL, Yang SF, Lin CL, Hung CH, Tsai JP, Hsieh YH. Knockdown of Pentraxin 3 suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis of human cervical cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29385. [PMID: 27377307 PMCID: PMC4932528 DOI: 10.1038/srep29385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as an inflammatory molecule has been shown to be involved in immune response, inflammation, and cancer. However, the effects of PTX3 on the biological features of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo have not been delineated. Immunohistochemical staining showed that increased PTX3 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade (P < 0.011) and differentiation (P < 0.019). Knocking down PTX3 with lentivirus-mediated small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in cervical cancer cell lines resulted in inhibited cell viability, diminished colony-forming ability, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, along with downregulated expression of cyclin B1, cdc2, and cdc25c, and upregulated expression of p-cdc2, p-cdc25c, p21, and p27. Furthermore, knockdown of PTX3 significantly decreased the potential of migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting matrix metalloproteidase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). Moreover, in vivo functional studies showed PTX3-knockdown in mice suppressed tumorigenicity and lung metastatic potential. Conversely, overexpression of PTX3 enhanced proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that PTX3 contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis of human cervical cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to demonstrate PTX3 as a novel therapeutic biomarker for human cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
262
|
Belgiovine C, D'Incalci M, Allavena P, Frapolli R. Tumor-associated macrophages and anti-tumor therapies: complex links. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2411-24. [PMID: 26956893 PMCID: PMC11108407 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are essential providers of cancer-related inflammation, a condition known to accelerate tumor progression and limit the response to anti-tumor therapies. As a matter of fact, TAMs may have a dual role while interfering with cancer treatments, as they can either promote or impair their functionality. Here we review the connection between macrophages and anticancer therapies; moreover, we provide an overview of the different strategies to target or re-program TAMs for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Belgiovine
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
263
|
Inhibition of pentraxin 3 in glioma cells impairs proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:201-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
264
|
The pentraxins PTX3 and SAP in innate immunity, regulation of inflammation and tissue remodelling. J Hepatol 2016; 64:1416-27. [PMID: 26921689 PMCID: PMC5414834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pentraxins are a superfamily of fluid phase pattern recognition molecules conserved in evolution and characterized by a cyclic multimeric structure. C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) constitute the short pentraxin arm of the superfamily. CRP and SAP are produced in the liver in response to IL-6 and are acute phase reactants in humans and mice respectively. In addition SAP has been shown to affect tissue remodelling and fibrosis by stabilizing all types of amyloid fibrils and by regulating monocyte to fibrocyte differentiation. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is the prototype of the long pentraxin arm. Gene targeted mice and genetic and epigenetic studies in humans suggest that PTX3 plays essential non-redundant roles in innate immunity and inflammation as well as in tissue remodelling. Recent studies have revealed the role of PTX3 as extrinsic oncosuppressor, able to tune cancer-related inflammation. In addition, at acidic pH PTX3 can interact with provisional matrix components promoting inflammatory matrix remodelling. Thus acidification during tissue repair sets PTX3 in a tissue remodelling and repair mode, suggesting that matrix and microbial recognition are common, ancestral features of the humoral arm of innate immunity.
Collapse
|
265
|
Tsuji S, Midorikawa Y, Seki M, Takayama T, Sugiyama Y, Aburatani H. Network-based analysis for identification of candidate genes for colorectal cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:534-540. [PMID: 27255996 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although high-throughput biological technologies have been producing a vast amount of multi-omics data regarding cancer genomics and several disease susceptible genes have been reported, many of these genes are likely to be irrelevant for the cancer process because only one feature of the tumor pathway could be focused on. By identifying 'CpG core', which was extracted from CpG sites in genomic DNA by our newly developed method, we performed integrated analysis using gene expression and DNA methylation profiles of 116 colorectal cancer samples. First, based on gene expression values, colorectal cancer samples were divided into three clusters (Cluster-1, -2, and -3) by k-means clustering. The 5-year overall survival rates of colorectal cancer patients were 74.8%, 29.2%, and 29.4% in Cluster-1, -2, and -3, respectively, and the prognosis of Cluster-2 was significantly poorer than that of the other two clusters owing to liver metastasis (P < 0.001). Second, each cluster was divided into two subgroups based on methylation status, and the 5-year overall survival rate of Cluster-1H (36.8%) was significantly shorter than that of Cluster-1L (96.1%) due to the accumulation of aberrant DNA methylation (P = 0.014). Third, network-based analysis using expression and methylation profiles demonstrated that nucleoporin family genes were downregulated in Cluster-2 and that the PTX3 gene was highly methylated in Cluster-1H. These combined data indicate that integrated analysis can identify disease characteristics that would be missed using single comprehensive analysis, and that multiple pathways would play pivotal roles in the liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tsuji
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yutaka Midorikawa
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, 3-8-3 Takatsu-ku, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki 213-8507, Japan.
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tadatoshi Takayama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchikami-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sugiyama
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, 3-8-3 Takatsu-ku, Mizonokuchi, Kawasaki 213-8507, Japan; Department of Surgery, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu 500-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technologies, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
266
|
Magrini E, Mantovani A, Garlanda C. The Dual Complexity of PTX3 in Health and Disease: A Balancing Act? Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:497-510. [PMID: 27179743 PMCID: PMC5414840 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The humoral arm of innate immunity is complex and includes various molecules that serve as markers of inflammation with complementary characteristics, such as the short pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP) and the long pentraxin PTX3. There is a growing amount of evidence – including mouse and human genetics – that suggests that PTX3 is essential in conferring host resistance against selected pathogens and, moreover, that it plays a dual antagonistic role in the regulation of inflammation. Dissection of such a yin-and-yang role of pentraxins in immunity and inflammation is timely and significant as it may pave the way for better clinical exploitation against various diseases. The long pentraxin PTX3 is an essential component of humoral innate immunity and plays a role in the regulation of inflammation. PTX3 has complex effects on the vasculature, including an interaction with the angiogenic growth factor FGF2 and the regulation of vessel wall tone. By modulating complement-driven inflammation, PTX3 acts as an oncosuppressor gene in mice and selected human tumors. By interacting with provisional matrix components, PTX3 contributes to the orchestration of wound healing and tissue repair/remodeling. PTX3 and the related pentraxins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP) can exert dual roles in inflammation and antimicrobial resistance, by either exerting a protective function or amplifying tissue damage. Dissection of the yin–yang role of pentraxins in immunopathology may pave the way towards better exploitation of these molecules as envisaged disease markers and candidate therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Magrini
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy; Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Nabizadeh JA, Manthey HD, Steyn FJ, Chen W, Widiapradja A, Md Akhir FN, Boyle GM, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM, Rolfe BE. The Complement C3a Receptor Contributes to Melanoma Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting Neutrophil and CD4+ T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4783-92. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
268
|
Jaillon S, Ponzetta A, Magrini E, Barajon I, Barbagallo M, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. Fluid phase recognition molecules in neutrophil-dependent immune responses. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:109-18. [PMID: 27021644 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system comprises both a cellular and a humoral arm. Neutrophils are key effector cells of the immune and inflammatory responses and have emerged as a major source of humoral pattern recognition molecules (PRMs). These molecules, which include collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins, are specialised in the discrimination of self versus non-self and modified-self and share basic multifunctional properties including recognition and opsonisation of pathogens and apoptotic cells, activation and regulation of the complement cascade and tuning of inflammation. Neutrophils act as a reservoir of ready-made soluble PRMs, such as the long pentraxin PTX3, the peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-S, properdin and M-ficolin, which are stored in neutrophil granules and are involved in neutrophil effector functions. In addition, other soluble PRMs, such as members of the collectin family, are not expressed in neutrophils but can modulate neutrophil-dependent immune responses. Therefore, soluble PRMs are an essential part of the innate immune response and retain antibody-like effector functions. Here, we will review the expression and general function of soluble PRMs, focusing our attention on molecules involved in neutrophil effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Jaillon
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Magrini
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Barajon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Barbagallo
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
269
|
Cancer Stem Cells and Macrophages: Implications in Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9012369. [PMID: 26980947 PMCID: PMC4769767 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9012369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique subset of cells within tumors with stemlike properties that have been proposed to be key drivers of tumor initiation and progression. CSCs are functionally defined by their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to initiate tumor formation in vivo. Like normal stem cells, CSCs exist in a cellular niche comprised of numerous cell types including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) which provides a unique microenvironment to protect and promote CSC functions. TAMs provide pivotal signals to promote CSC survival, self-renewal, maintenance, and migratory ability, and in turn, CSCs deliver tumor-promoting cues to TAMs that further enhance tumorigenesis. Studies in the last decade have aimed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and recent advances have begun to elucidate the complex cross talk that occurs between these two cell types. In this review, we discuss the molecular interactions that define CSC-TAM cross talk at each stage of tumor progression and examine the clinical implications of targeting these interactions.
Collapse
|
270
|
Di Caro G, Carvello M, Pesce S, Erreni M, Marchesi F, Todoric J, Sacchi M, Montorsi M, Allavena P, Spinelli A. Circulating Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Prognostic Markers of Human Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148186. [PMID: 26859579 PMCID: PMC4747470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment drive metastatic development and their serum levels might mirror the ongoing inflammatory reaction at the tumor site. Novel highly sensitive tools are needed to identify colorectal cancer patients at high risk of recurrence that should be more closely monitored during post-surgical follow up. Here we study whether circulating inflammatory markers might be used to predict recurrence in CRC patients. Methods Circulating levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha, CCL2, CXCL8, VEGF and the acute phase protein Pentraxin-3 were measured by ELISA in preoperative serum samples prospectively collected from a cohort of sixty-nine patients undergoing surgical resection for stage 0–IV CRC and associated with post-operative disease recurrence. Results Cox multivariate analysis showed that combined high levels (≥ROC cut off-value) of CXCL8, VEGF and Pentraxin3 were associated with increased risk of disease recurrence [HR: 14.28; 95%CI: (3.13–65.1)] independently of TNM staging. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that CXCL8, VEGF and Pentraxin3 levels were significantly associated with worse survival (P<0.001). Conclusions Circulating inflammatory mediators efficiently predicted postoperative recurrence after CRC surgery. Therefore, this study suggest that their validation in large-scale clinical trials may help in tailoring CRC post-surgical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Caro
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michele Carvello
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Pesce
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Marchesi
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jelena Todoric
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matteo Sacchi
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Montorsi
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
271
|
Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Neutrophils in Tumor Microenvironment. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6058147. [PMID: 26966341 PMCID: PMC4757693 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6058147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct tumor microenvironment forms in each progression step of cancer and has diverse capacities to induce both adverse and beneficial consequences for tumorigenesis. It is now known that immune cells can be activated to favor tumor growth and progression, most probably influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils can exert protumoral functions, enhancing tumor cell invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, while inhibiting the antitumoral immune surveillance. Considering that neutrophils in inflammatory environments recruit macrophages and that recruited macrophages affect neutrophil functions, there may be various degrees of interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. Platelets also play an important role in the recruitment and regulation of monocytic and granulocytic cells in the tumor tissues, suggesting that platelet function may be essential for generation of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils. In this review, we will explore the biology of tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-associated neutrophils and their possible interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Special attention will be given to the recruitment and activation of these tumor-associated cells and to the roles they play in maintenance of the tumor microenvironment and progression of tumors.
Collapse
|
272
|
C1q acts in the tumour microenvironment as a cancer-promoting factor independently of complement activation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10346. [PMID: 26831747 PMCID: PMC4740357 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement C1q is the activator of the classical pathway. However, it is now recognized that C1q can exert functions unrelated to complement activation. Here we show that C1q, but not C4, is expressed in the stroma and vascular endothelium of several human malignant tumours. Compared with wild-type (WT) or C3- or C5-deficient mice, C1q-deficient (C1qa−/−) mice bearing a syngeneic B16 melanoma exhibit a slower tumour growth and prolonged survival. This effect is not attributable to differences in the tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Tumours developing in WT mice display early deposition of C1q, higher vascular density and an increase in the number of lung metastases compared with C1qa−/− mice. Bone marrow (BM) chimeras between C1qa−/− and WT mice identify non-BM-derived cells as the main local source of C1q that can promote cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Together these findings support a role for locally synthesized C1q in promoting tumour growth. C1q is known to initiate the activation of the complement classical pathway. Here, the authors show the C1q is expressed in the tumour microenvironment and can promote cancer cell migration and adhesion in a complement activation-independent manner.
Collapse
|
273
|
Biswas SK. Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune Cells in Cancer Progression. Immunity 2016; 43:435-49. [PMID: 26377897 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells play a key role in host defense against infection and cancer. Upon encountering danger signals, these cells undergo activation leading to a modulation in their immune functions. However, recent studies reveal that immune cells upon activation also show distinct metabolic changes that impact their immune functions. Such metabolic reprogramming and its functional effects are well known for cancer cells. Given that immune cells have emerged as crucial players in cancer progression, it is important to understand whether immune cells also undergo metabolic reprogramming in tumors and how this might affect their contribution in cancer progression. This emerging aspect of tumor-associated immune cells is reviewed here, discussing metabolic reprogramming of different immune cell types, the key pathways involved, and its impact on tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra K Biswas
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A(∗)STAR), #04-06 Immunos, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
274
|
Axl and Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Distinct and Nonoverlapping Roles in Inflammation and Cancer? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 930:113-32. [PMID: 27558819 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39406-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinases Axl and Mer subserve the process of termination of proinflammatory signaling and have key roles in both the resolution of inflammation and restoration of homeostasis. Axl functions prominently under conditions of tissue stress or in response to infection, whereas Mer has a major role in maintenance of homeostasis within tissues. Distinct patterns of expression of Axl and Mer underlie their clearly defined functional roles during the initiation and progression of inflammation. Axl and Mer are expressed by tumor cells and by infiltrating inflammatory cells and the regulation of cellular function via Axl and Mer signaling is also important for tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. In this review, we consider the divergent functions of Axl and Mer in the context of inflammatory processes within tumors and the implications for development of therapeutic agents targeting these receptors.
Collapse
|
275
|
Barazzoni R, Palmisano S, Cappellari GG, Giuricin M, Moretti E, Vinci P, Semolic A, Guarnieri G, Zanetti M, Manzini ND. Gastric bypass–induced weight loss alters obesity-associated patterns of plasma pentraxin-3 and systemic inflammatory markers. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2016; 12:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
276
|
Foo SS, Reading PC, Jaillon S, Mantovani A, Mahalingam S. Pentraxins and Collectins: Friend or Foe during Pathogen Invasion? Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:799-811. [PMID: 26482345 PMCID: PMC7127210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity serves as the frontline defence against invading pathogens. Despite decades of research, new insights are constantly challenging our understanding of host-elicited immunity during microbial infections. Recently, two families of humoral innate immune proteins, pentraxins and collectins, have become a major focus of research in the field of innate immunity. Pentraxins and collectins are key players in activating the humoral arm of innate immunity, taking centre stage in immunoregulation and disease modulation. However, increasing evidence suggests that pentraxins and collectins can also mediate pathogenic effects during some infections. Herein, we discuss the protective and pathogenic effects of pentraxins and collectins, as well as their therapeutic significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suan-Sin Foo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sébastien Jaillon
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, 20089, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Inflammation and Immunology, 20089, Rozzano, Milano, Italy; Humanitas University, 20089, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
277
|
Fornai F, Carrizzo A, Ferrucci M, Damato A, Biagioni F, Gaglione A, Puca AA, Vecchione C. Brain diseases and tumorigenesis: The good and bad cops of pentraxin3. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:70-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
278
|
Garlanda C, Jaillon S, Doni A, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A. PTX3, a humoral pattern recognition molecule at the interface between microbe and matrix recognition. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:39-44. [PMID: 26650391 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity consists of a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid patter recognition molecule (PRM) with antibody-like properties. Gene targeted mice and genetic associations in humans suggest that PTX3 plays a non-redundant role in resistance against selected pathogens (e.g. Aspergillus fumigatus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, uropathogenic Escherichia coli) and in the regulation of inflammation. PTX3 acts as an extrinsic oncosuppressor by taming complement elicited tumor-promoting inflammation. Recent results indicate that, by interacting with provisional matrix components, PTX3 contributes to the orchestration of tissue repair. An acidic pH sets PTX3 in a tissue repair mode, while retaining anti-microbial recognition. Based on these data and scattered information on humoral PRM and matrix components, we surmise that matrix and microbial recognition are related functions in evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Sebastien Jaillon
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milano), Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
279
|
Scimeca M, Antonacci C, Colombo D, Bonfiglio R, Buonomo OC, Bonanno E. Emerging prognostic markers related to mesenchymal characteristics of poorly differentiated breast cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5427-35. [PMID: 26563370 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4361-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the screening program, breast cancer is the commonest cause of cancer death in women in the industrialized world. In this study, we investigate the correlation among poorly differentiated carcinoma, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon, and expression of NF-kB, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), K-RAS, and PTX3 in breast cancer in 100 breast biopsies. Samples were classified as follows: 30 benign lesions (BL), 30 ductal infiltrating carcinomas low grade (MLG1), and 40 ductal infiltrating carcinomas high grade (MLG3). Expression of vimentin, CD44, β-catenin, NF-kB, SHH, K-RAS, CD44, and PTX3 was studied by immunohistochemistry. The different rate of cells with vimentin, nuclear β-catenin, and CD44 expression in MLG3 as compared with MLG1 and BL suggested that the process of de-differentiation of breast cancer cells could be related to the EMT. Our results showed a significant increase in NF-kB signal in MLG3 (2.33 ± 0.77) with respect to MLG1 (1.26 ± 0.55) and BL (0.86 ± 0.52). SHH expression appeared low in BL (1.00 ± 0.41) and homogenously widespread in MLG1 (1.23 ± 0.63) and MLG3 (1.56 ± 0.54). An important increase in K-RAS signal was observed in MLG3 compared to that in BL (2.20 ± 0.69 vs 0.82 ± 0.59). As regards PTX3, we observed a strong expression in MLG3 (2.00 ± 0.78) with respect to BL (0.58 ± 0.55) and MLG1 (1.53 ± 0.76). The recurring expression of NF-kB, SHH, K-RAS, and PTX3 in vimentin- and CD44-positive breast cancer cells allows to speculate that breast cells acquire the ability to express these molecules in concomitance to EMT phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,TMALab s.r.l., Spin-off of University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Antonacci
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,TMALab s.r.l., Spin-off of University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Colombo
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elena Bonanno
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,TMALab s.r.l., Spin-off of University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
280
|
Komohara Y, Fujiwara Y, Ohnishi K, Shiraishi D, Takeya M. Contribution of Macrophage Polarization to Metabolic Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 23:10-7. [PMID: 26412584 DOI: 10.5551/jat.32359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is one of the major immunological events in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recent studies have disclosed that complicated mechanisms are involved in macrophage activation and polarization, and many published research articles have been based on the M1/M2 polarization concept. It is considered that M1- and M2-like macrophages are associated with T helper (Th)1-type and Th2-type immune responses, respectively, via several immune mediators. In this article, we summarize the correlations between macrophage polarization and metabolic disorders in both humans and mice and discuss the contribution of macrophage polarization to the pathogenic process of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
281
|
Infante M, Allavena P, Garlanda C, Nebuloni M, Morenghi E, Rahal D, Roncalli M, Cavuto S, Pesce S, Monari M, Valaperta S, Montanelli A, Solomon D, Bottoni E, Errico V, Voulaz E, Bossi M, Chiesa G, Passera E, Mantovani A, Alloisio M. Prognostic and diagnostic potential of local and circulating levels of pentraxin 3 in lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:983-91. [PMID: 26348770 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a well-established link between inflammation and cancer of various organs, but little data are available on inflammation-associated markers of diagnostic and prognostic clinical utility in pulmonary malignancy. Blood samples were prospectively collected from 75 resectable lung cancer patients before surgery and in a cohort of 1,358 high-risk subjects. Serum levels of long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) were determined by high-sensitivity ELISA. PTX3 immunostaining was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in cancer tissue. Serum PTX3 levels in the high-risk population were not predictive of developing subsequent lung cancer or any other malignancy; however, serum PTX3 values in patients with lung cancer were significantly higher compared with cancer-free heavy smokers. With a cutoff of 4.5 ng/ml, specificity was 0.80, sensitivity 0.69, positive predictive value 0.15 and negative predictive value 0.98. The receiver operating curve (ROC) for serum PTX3 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 83.52%. Preoperative serum PTX3 levels in lung cancer patients did not correlate with patient outcome, but high interstitial expression of PTX3 in resected tumor specimens was a significant independent prognostic factor associated with shorter survival (p < 0.001). These results support the potential of serum PTX3 as a lung cancer biomarker in high-risk subjects. Furthermore, PTX3 immunohistochemistry findings support the role of local inflammatory mechanisms in determining clinical outcome and suggest that local expression of PTX3 may be of prognostic utility in lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Infante
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Department of Pathology, University of Milan, L. Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Biostatistical Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daoud Rahal
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Roncalli
- Department of Pathology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvio Cavuto
- Department of Infrastructure Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Monari
- Humanitas Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serenella Valaperta
- Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Solomon
- Department of General Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel
| | - Edoardo Bottoni
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Errico
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Voulaz
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Bossi
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Metabolique, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy, France
| | - Giuseppe Chiesa
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas-Gavazzeni Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Eliseo Passera
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas-Gavazzeni Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Alloisio
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
282
|
Ronca R, Giacomini A, Di Salle E, Coltrini D, Pagano K, Ragona L, Matarazzo S, Rezzola S, Maiolo D, Torrella R, Moroni E, Mazzieri R, Escobar G, Mor M, Colombo G, Presta M. Long-Pentraxin 3 Derivative as a Small-Molecule FGF Trap for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:225-39. [PMID: 26267536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) system plays a crucial role in cancer by affecting tumor growth, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and escape from anti-angiogenic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. The soluble pattern recognition receptor long-pentraxin 3 (PTX3) acts as a multi-FGF antagonist. Here we demonstrate that human PTX3 overexpression in transgenic mice driven by the Tie2 promoter inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in heterotopic, orthotopic, and autochthonous FGF-dependent tumor models. Using pharmacophore modeling of the interaction of a minimal PTX3-derived FGF-binding pentapeptide with FGF2, we identified a small-molecule chemical (NSC12) that acts as an extracellular FGF trap with significant implications in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Di Salle
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Pagano
- NMR Laboratory, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- NMR Laboratory, Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Matarazzo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Maiolo
- Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory and INSTM, School of Engineering, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rubben Torrella
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moroni
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Giulia Escobar
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
283
|
Bonavita E, Galdiero MR, Jaillon S, Mantovani A. Phagocytes as Corrupted Policemen in Cancer-Related Inflammation. Adv Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26216632 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key component of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are prototypic inflammatory cells in cancer-related inflammation. Macrophages provide a first line of resistance against infectious agents but in the ecological niche of cancer behave as corrupted policemen. TAMs promote tumor growth and metastasis by direct interactions with cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, as well as by promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling and suppressing effective adaptive immunity. In addition, the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and checkpoint blockade inhibitors is profoundly affected by regulation of TAMs. In particular, TAMs can protect and rescue tumor cells from cytotoxic therapy by orchestrating a misguided tissue repair response. Following extensive preclinical studies, there is now proof of concept that targeting tumor-promoting macrophages by diverse strategies (e.g., Trabectedin, anti-colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor antibodies) can result in antitumor activity in human cancer and further studies are ongoing. Neutrophils have long been overlooked as a minor component of the tumor microenvironment, but there is evidence for an important role of TANs in tumor progression. Targeting phagocytes (TAMs and TANs) as corrupted policemen in cancer may pave the way to innovative therapeutic strategies complementing cytoreductive therapies and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Italy; Humanits University, Rozzano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
284
|
Di Virgilio F. A Commentary on "PTX3 is an Extrinsic Oncosuppressor Regulating Complement-Dependent Inflammation in Cancer". Front Oncol 2015; 5:118. [PMID: 26075183 PMCID: PMC4446995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
285
|
Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Rua
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health
| |
Collapse
|
286
|
Merle NS, Noe R, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Roumenina LT. Complement System Part II: Role in Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:257. [PMID: 26074922 PMCID: PMC4443744 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 658] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has been considered for a long time as a simple lytic cascade, aimed to kill bacteria infecting the host organism. Nowadays, this vision has changed and it is well accepted that complement is a complex innate immune surveillance system, playing a key role in host homeostasis, inflammation, and in the defense against pathogens. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of the role of complement in physiology and pathology. It starts with a description of complement contribution to the normal physiology (homeostasis) of a healthy organism, including the silent clearance of apoptotic cells and maintenance of cell survival. In pathology, complement can be a friend or a foe. It acts as a friend in the defense against pathogens, by inducing opsonization and a direct killing by C5b–9 membrane attack complex and by triggering inflammatory responses with the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a. Opsonization plays also a major role in the mounting of an adaptive immune response, involving antigen presenting cells, T-, and B-lymphocytes. Nevertheless, it can be also an enemy, when pathogens hijack complement regulators to protect themselves from the immune system. Inadequate complement activation becomes a disease cause, as in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathies, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Age-related macular degeneration and cancer will be described as examples showing that complement contributes to a large variety of conditions, far exceeding the classical examples of diseases associated with complement deficiencies. Finally, we discuss complement as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Merle
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Remi Noe
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France ; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) , Paris , France
| | - Lise Halbwachs-Mecarelli
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France ; Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou , Paris , France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
287
|
|
288
|
Mantovani A, Allavena P. The interaction of anticancer therapies with tumor-associated macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:435-45. [PMID: 25753580 PMCID: PMC4387285 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mantovani and Allavena provide a comprehensive review on the effects of conventional anticancer therapies on tumor-associated macrophages. Macrophages are essential components of the inflammatory microenvironment of tumors. Conventional treatment modalities (chemotherapy and radiotherapy), targeted drugs, antiangiogenic agents, and immunotherapy, including checkpoint blockade, all profoundly influence or depend on the function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can have dual influences on TAMs in that a misdirected macrophage-orchestrated tissue repair response can result in chemoresistance, but in other circumstances, TAMs are essential for effective therapy. A better understanding of the interaction of anticancer therapies with innate immunity, and TAMs in particular, may pave the way to better patient selection and innovative combinations of conventional approaches with immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- A. Mantovani and P. Allavena are at the IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- A. Mantovani and P. Allavena are at the IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center and Humanitas University, 20089 Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|