251
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Argyri L, Dafnis I, Theodossiou TA, Gantz D, Stratikos E, Chroni A. Molecular basis for increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer disease due to the naturally occurring L28P mutation in apolipoprotein E4. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12931-45. [PMID: 24644280 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.538124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein (apo) E4 isoform has consistently emerged as a susceptibility factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD), although the exact mechanism is not clear. A rare apoE4 mutant, apoE4[L28P] Pittsburgh, burdens carriers with an added risk for late-onset AD and may be a useful tool for gaining insights into the role of apoE4 in disease pathogenesis. Toward this end, we evaluated the effect of the L28P mutation on the structural and functional properties of apoE4. ApoE4[L28P] was found to have significantly perturbed thermodynamic properties, to have reduced helical content, and to expose a larger portion of the hydrophobic surface to the solvent. Furthermore, this mutant is thermodynamically destabilized and more prone to proteolysis. When interacting with lipids, apoE4[L28P] formed populations of lipoprotein particles with structural defects. The structural perturbations brought about by the mutation were accompanied by aberrant functions associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Specifically, apoE4[L28P] promoted the cellular uptake of extracellular amyloid β peptide 42 (Aβ42) by human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells as well as by primary mouse neuronal cells and led to increased formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species that persisted for at least 24 h. Furthermore, lipoprotein particles containing apoE4[L28P] induced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and reduced SK-N-SH cell viability. Overall, our findings suggest that the L28P mutation leads to significant structural and conformational perturbations in apoE4 and can induce functional defects associated with neuronal Aβ42 accumulation and oxidative stress. We propose that these structural and functional changes underlie the observed added risk for AD development in carriers of apoE4[L28P].
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Affiliation(s)
- Letta Argyri
- From the Institute of Biosciences and Applications
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252
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The clearance of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases by zinc metalloproteases: An inorganic perspective. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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253
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Neuroprotective effects of swimming training in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. Neuroscience 2014; 256:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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254
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Vinceti M, Mandrioli J, Borella P, Michalke B, Tsatsakis A, Finkelstein Y. Selenium neurotoxicity in humans: bridging laboratory and epidemiologic studies. Toxicol Lett 2013; 230:295-303. [PMID: 24269718 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is a metalloid of considerable interest in the human from both a toxicological and a nutritional perspective, with a very narrow safe range of intake. Acute selenium intoxication is followed by adverse effects on the nervous system with special clinical relevance, while the neurotoxicity of long-term overexposure is less characterized and recognized. We aimed to address this issue from a public health perspective, focusing on both laboratory studies and the few epidemiologic human studies available, with emphasis on their methodological strengths and limitations. The frequently overlooked differences in toxicity and biological activity of selenium compounds are also outlined. In addition to lethargy, dizziness, motor weakness and paresthesias, an excess risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the effect on the nervous system which has been more consistently associated with chronic low-level selenium overexposure, particularly to its inorganic compounds. Additional research efforts are needed to better elucidate the neurotoxic effects exerted by selenium overexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Trace Element Institute for Unesco Satellite Center, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Local Health Unit of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Borella
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Trace Element Institute for Unesco Satellite Center, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Yoram Finkelstein
- Neurology and Toxicology Service and Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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255
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Wild type and mutant amyloid precursor proteins influence downstream effects of proteasome and autophagy inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:127-34. [PMID: 24215712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cells rely on complementary proteolytic pathways including the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy to maintain proper protein degradation. There is known to be considerable interplay between them, whereby the loss of one clearance system results in compensatory changes in other proteolytic pathways of the cell. Disturbances in proteolysis are known to occur in Alzheimer's disease, and potentially contribute to neurophysiological and neurodegenerative processes. Currently, few data are available on how the presence of wild type and mutant amyloid precursor protein (APPwt and APPmut) potentially alters the reciprocal interplay between the different intracellular proteolytic pathways. This study used human SH-SY5Y neuronal cell lines, and SH-SY5Y transfected with either APPwt or APPmut (valine-to-glycine substitution at position 717), in order to explore if the presence of APPwt or APPmut altered the downstream effects of pharmacological proteasome or autophagy inhibition. The occurrence of APPwt or APPmut was observed to disturb proteasome or autophagy activities upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors or authophagy inhibitors. Interestingly, APPwt and APPmut expression was observed to significantly and robustly enhance the induction in cathepsin B following the administration of an established proteasome inhibitor. The presence of APPwt and APPmut also significantly reduced the elevation in ubiquitinated proteins following proteasome inhibitor treatments. Our data strongly suggest that APP is able to affect the downstream effects of protease inhibition in neural cells including enhancement of cathepsin B activity, with these changes in cathepsin B significantly and inversely related to the levels of ubiquitinated protein.
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256
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Shah A, Kumar S, Simon SD, Singh DP, Kumar A. HIV gp120- and methamphetamine-mediated oxidative stress induces astrocyte apoptosis via cytochrome P450 2E1. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e850. [PMID: 24113184 PMCID: PMC3824683 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is known to cause neurotoxicity via several mechanisms including production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and oxidative stress. Likewise, drug abuse is thought to have a direct impact on the pathology of HIV-associated neuroinflammation through the induction of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and oxidative stress. In the present study, we demonstrate that gp120 and methamphetamine (MA) causes apoptotic cell death by inducing oxidative stress through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) pathways. The results showed that both MA and gp120 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The combination of gp120 and MA also induced CYP2E1 expression at both mRNA (1.7±0.2- and 2.8±0.3-fold in SVGA and primary astrocytes, respectively) and protein (1.3±0.1-fold in SVGA and 1.4±0.03-fold in primary astrocytes) levels, suggesting the involvement of CYP2E1 in ROS production. This was further confirmed by using a selective inhibitor of CYP2E1, diallylsulfide (DAS), and CYP2E1 knockdown using siRNA, which significantly reduced ROS production (30–60%). As the CYP pathway is known to be coupled with the NOX pathway, including Fenton–Weiss–Haber (FWH) reaction, we examined whether the NOX pathway is also involved in ROS production induced by either gp120 or MA. Our results showed that selective inhibitors of NOX, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and FWH reaction, deferoxamine (DFO), also significantly reduced ROS production. These findings were further confirmed using specific siRNAs against NOX2 and NOX4 (NADPH oxidase family). We then showed that gp120 and MA both induced apoptosis (caspase-3 activity and DNA lesion using TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) assay) and cell death. Furthermore, we showed that DAS, DPI, and DFO completely abolished apoptosis and cell death, suggesting the involvement of CYP and NOX pathways in ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, this is the first report on the involvement of CYP and NOX pathways in gp120/MA-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in astrocytes, which has clinical implications in neurodegenerative diseases, including neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shah
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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257
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Andersen
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology and Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology and Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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258
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Kamiya N, Shafer S, Oxendine I, Mortlock DP, Chandler RL, Oxburgh L, Kim HKW. Acute BMP2 upregulation following induction of ischemic osteonecrosis in immature femoral head. Bone 2013; 53:239-47. [PMID: 23219944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile ischemic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (IOFH) is one of the most serious hip conditions causing the femoral head deformity. Little is known about BMP signaling following ischemic osteonecrosis. In this study, we found acute BMP2 upregulation in the femoral head cartilage 24h after ischemic induction using our immature pig IOFH model. Similarly, in our ischemic osteonecrosis mouse model, BMP2 expression and BMP signaling were enhanced in the articular cartilage surrounding the necrotic bone. BMP2 was increased in cartilage explants and primary chondrocytes under hypoxia (1% O(2)) compared with normoxia (21% O(2)). Addition of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) activator DFO significantly increased BMP2 while HIF1 silencing (siHIF1) only partially reduced BMP2, suggesting other mechanisms of BMP2 upregulation being present. Hypoxia is known to induce the production of free oxygen radicals, which are converted to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) by superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). As an alternative mechanism, we investigated the effect of H(2)O(2)/SOD2 production on BMP2 upregulation. Chondrocytes produced more H(2)O(2) under hypoxia than normoxia. H(2)O(2) addition to the chondrocyte culture also significantly increased BMP2 expression. SOD2 was also dramatically increased in the ischemic pig cartilage at 24h following surgery and in primary chondrocytes/cartilage explants culture under hypoxia. SOD2 protein addition to the chondrocyte culture significantly increased BMP2. Moreover, DFO significantly increased SOD2 while HIF1 silencing only partially reduced SOD2. These results suggest that the acute BMP2 response of chondrocytes to ischemic osteonecrosis is more dominantly through the H(2)O(2) production and only partly through the HIF1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kamiya
- Center for Excellence in Hip Disorders, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
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259
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Ciccone S, Maiani E, Bellusci G, Diederich M, Gonfloni S. Parkinson's disease: a complex interplay of mitochondrial DNA alterations and oxidative stress. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2388-409. [PMID: 23348931 PMCID: PMC3587993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. This pathology causes a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia Nigra. Several reports have claimed a role of defective nuclear and mitochondrial DNA repair pathways in PD etiology, in particular, of the Base Excision Repair (BER) system. In addition, recent findings, related to PD progression, indicate that oxidative stress pathways involving c-Abl and GST could also be implicated in this pathology. This review focuses on recently described networks most likely involved in an integrated manner in the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ciccone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Emiliano Maiani
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanna Bellusci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Marc Diederich
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mail:
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Stefania Gonfloni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; E-Mails: (S.C.); (E.M.); (G.B.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, 2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-06-72594319; Fax: +39-06-2023500
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