251
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Cui R, Kim T, Fassan M, Meng W, Sun HL, Jeon YJ, Vicentini C, Tili E, Peng Y, Scarpa A, Liang G, Zhang YK, Chakravarti A, Croce CM. MicroRNA-224 is implicated in lung cancer pathogenesis through targeting caspase-3 and caspase-7. Oncotarget 2015; 6:21802-15. [PMID: 26307684 PMCID: PMC4673127 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that miR-224 was significantly up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, in particular in resected NSCLC metastasis. We further demonstrated that miR-224 functions as an oncogene in NSCLC by directly targeting TNFAIP1 and SMAD4. However, the biological functions of miR-224 in NSCLC are controversial and underlying mechanisms of miR-224 in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer remain to be further explored. Here we report that caspase3 (CASP3) and caspase7 (CASP7) are previously unidentified targets of miR-224 in NSCLC, and that miR-224 promotes lung cancer cells proliferation and migration in part by directly targeting CASP7 and down-regulating its expression. In addition, miR-224 attenuated TNF-α induced apoptosis by direct targeting of CASP3 resulting in reduction of cleaved PARP1 expression in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, the expression of miR-224 negatively correlates with the expression of CASP7 and CASP3 in tissue samples from patients with lung cancer. Finally, we found that activated NF-κB signaling is involved in the regulation of miR-224 expression in lung cancer. Our study provides new insight in understanding of oncogenic role of miR-224 in the lung cancer pathogenesis and suggests that NF-κB/miR-224/CASP3, 7 pathway could be a putative therapeutic target in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Cui
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Lung Cancer Research Center, The Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- Applied Research on Cancer Network (ARC-NET) Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yong Peng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Kui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Lung Cancer Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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252
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Peng Z, Xu T, Liao X, He H, Xu W. Effects of radiotherapy on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell invasiveness. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15559-15566. [PMID: 26318302 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), whereas its effects on the NPC growth, survival, and metastases have not been completely evaluated. Here, we compared the detected metastatic NPC tissues after radiotherapy (m-NPC) to the resected primary NPC tissues prior to radiotherapy (p-NPC). We detected higher levels of Snail2 protein, but not mRNA in m-NPC, compared to p-NPC. In vitro, a modest irradiation on NPC cells resulted in significant cell death, but increased Snail2 protein, but mRNA levels in the surviving NPC cells. Bioinformatics analyses showed that miR-613, which was significantly decreased in NPC cells after irradiation, targeted the 3'-UTR of Snail2 mRNA to inhibit its translation. Moreover, miR-613 overexpression inhibited Snail2-mediated cell invasiveness, while miR-613 depletion increased Snail2-mediated cell invasiveness in NPC cells. Finally, we detected significantly lower levels of miR-613 in m-NPC, compared to p-NPC. Together our data suggest that although radiotherapy induced NPC cell death, it may increase Snail2-mediated NPC cell invasiveness through downregulating miR-613.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Quzhou People Hospital, Zhongloudi Road, Quzhou, 324000, China,
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253
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Li W, Zhang J, Chen T, Yin P, Yang J, Cao Y. miR-132 upregulation promotes gastric cancer cell growth through suppression of FoxO1 translation. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15551-15557. [PMID: 26298723 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide and is highly lethal due to its fast growth. Hence, treatments to suppress GC cell growth may be applied together with surgery and chemotherapy to increase therapeutic outcome. Previous studies have shown the involvement of some microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in the carcinogenesis of GC, whereas a role of miR-132 in regulating the growth of GC has not been reported. Here, we report that overexpression of miR-132 in GC cells decreased FoxO1 protein levels, whereas depletion of miR-132 increased FoxO1 protein levels, without altering FoxO1 transcripts. Bioinformatics analyses showed that miR-132 bound to 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of FoxO1 messenger RNA (mRNA) to prevent its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-132-mediated suppression of FoxO1 in GC cells resulted in a significant increase in GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, while increases in FoxO1 by expression of antisense of miR-132 significantly decreased GC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Finally, miR-132 levels were found significantly increased in GC specimens, compared to those in paired non-tumor gastric tissue. Together, our data suggest that miR-132 upregulation in GC cells may promote cell growth through suppression of FoxO1 translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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254
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Subramani R, Gangwani L, Nandy SB, Arumugam A, Chattopadhyay M, Lakshmanaswamy R. Emerging roles of microRNAs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis, therapy and prognosis (Review). Int J Oncol 2015; 47:1203-10. [PMID: 26314882 PMCID: PMC4583517 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death. Increasing incidence and mortality indicates a lack of detection and post diagnostic management of this disease. Recent evidences suggest that, miRNAs are very attractive target molecules that can serve as biomarkers for predicting development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, miRNAs are also promising therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. The objective of the present review is to discuss the significance of miRNA in pancreatic cancer development, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. We extracted and compiled the useful information from PubMed database, which satisfied our criteria for analysis of miRNAs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. A summary of the most important miRNAs known to regulate pancreatic tumorigenesis is provided. The review also provides a collection of evidence that show miRNA profiles of biofluids hold much promise for use as biomarkers to predict and detect development of pancreatic cancer in its early stages. Identification of key miRNA networks in pancreatic cancer will provide long-awaited diagnostic/therapeutic/prognostic tools for early detection, better treatment options, and extended life expectancy and quality of life in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadevi Subramani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Laxman Gangwani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Sushmita Bose Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Arunkumar Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Munmun Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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255
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miRNA-based therapies: strategies and delivery platforms for oligonucleotide and non-oligonucleotide agents. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1967-84. [PMID: 25495987 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of miRNAs as important regulatory agents for gene expression has expanded the therapeutic opportunities for oligonucleotides. In contrast to siRNA, miRNA-targeted therapy is able to influence not only a single gene, but entire cellular pathways or processes. It is possible to supplement downregulated or non-functional miRNAs by synthetic oligonucleotides, as well as alleviating effects caused by overexpression of malignant miRNAs through artificial antagonists, either oligonucleotides or small molecules. Chemical oligonucleotide modifications together with an efficient delivery system seem to be mandatory for successful therapeutic application. While miRNA-based therapy benefits from the decades of research spent on other therapeutic oligonucleotides, there are some specific challenges associated with miRNA therapy, mainly caused by the short target sequence. The current status and recent progress of miRNA-targeted therapeutics is described and future challenges and potential applications in treatment of cancer and viral infections are discussed.
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256
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Deregulation of microRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HCV-related malignancies. Hepatol Int 2015; 9:586-93. [PMID: 26272105 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-015-9658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major causes of death due to cancer worldwide, and its association with hepatitis C virus infection has been definitively established. Hepatitis C virus is also involved in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This is the only virus infecting humans that is able to induce two different malignancies. We analyzed the expression levels of a panel of microRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hepatitis C virus-related malignancies in order to find a disease-associated deregulation and identify specific biomarkers. METHODS We tested peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, hepatitis C virus without malignancies and healthy subjects for a panel of microRNA selected on the basis of previous studies. MicroRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed an upregulation of miRNA-21 and downregulation of miRNA-26b in hepatocellular carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Deregulation of miRNA-16 and miRNA-155 was limited to lymphoma patients. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that some microRNAs are differently expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hepatitis C virus patients who develop hepatocellular carcinoma or lymphoma, while others share a common behavior. Thus, analysis of the expression of microRNAs could be a noninvasive marker of hepatitis C virus-related carcinogenesis. This analysis could be a suitable tool for identifying the existence of a malignancy and also discriminating between these two hepatitis C virus-related cancers.
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257
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Gao F, Wang T, Zhang Z, Wang R, Guo Y, Liu J. Regulation of activating protein-4-associated metastases of non-small cell lung cancer cells by miR-144. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15535-15541. [PMID: 26254097 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating protein-4 (AP4) has been recently shown to regulate the cancer metastases in some cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Specifically, AP4 regulates mTor/p21 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) receptor signaling pathway to increase an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process to augment cell invasiveness. Nevertheless, how AP4 is regulated in NSCLC has not been studied. Here, we showed that in the specimens from the NSCLC patients, the levels of miR-144 were significantly decreased and the levels of AP4 were significantly increased, compared to the paired non-tumor lung tissue. The levels of miR-144 and AP4 inversely correlated in patients' specimens. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that miR-144 targeted the 3'-UTR of AP4 mRNA to inhibit its translation, confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. Moreover, miR-144 overexpression inhibited AP4-mediated cell invasiveness, while miR-144 depletion increased AP4-mediated cell invasiveness in NSCLC cells. Together, our data suggest that miR-144 suppression may be the cause of the increased levels of AP4, as well as the augmented cancer metastases, in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
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258
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Sun J, Ding W, Zhi J, Chen W. MiR-200 suppresses metastases of colorectal cancer through ZEB1. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15501-15507. [PMID: 26242262 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognosis of some colorectal cancer (CRC) cases largely results from early metastases of CRC to the distal organs. Thus, suppression of the invasion of CRC appears to be crucial therapy. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of cancer metastases, identification of the involved miRNAs may provide novel therapeutic targets for CRC treatment. Here, we showed that the levels of miR-200 were significantly decreased and the levels of ZEB1 were significantly increased in the CRC specimens from patients, compared to the paired non-tumor tissue. Moreover, the levels of miR-200 and ZEB1 are inversely correlated. Bioinformatics analyses showed that miR-200 targeted the 3'-UTR of ZEB1 mRNA to inhibit its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-200 overexpression inhibited ZEB1-mediated cell invasiveness, while miR-200 depletion increased ZEB1-mediated cell invasiveness in CRC cells. Together, our data suggest that miR-200 suppression in CRC cells may promote ZEB1-mediated cancer metastasis. Our work thus highlights a novel molecular regulatory machinery that regulates metastases of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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259
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Wang Z, Liu C. MiR-153 regulates metastases of gastric cancer through Snail. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15509-15515. [PMID: 26232914 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastases of gastric carcinoma (GC). Recently, miR-153 was reported as a tumor suppressor miRNA silenced in GC, whereas the underlying mechanisms are much lacking. Here, we reported that miR-153 levels were significantly decreased and Snail levels were significantly increased in GC specimens, compared to paired adjacent non-tumor gastric tissue. Moreover, the levels of miR-153 and Snail were inversely correlated. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-153 targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Snail messenger RNA (mRNA) to inhibit its translation. Overexpression of miR-153 inhibited Snail-mediated cell invasiveness, while depletion of miR-153 increased Snail-mediated cell invasiveness in both Transwell cell migration assay and scratch wound healing assay. Thus, our data suggest that miR-153 suppression in GC promotes Snail-mediated cancer metastases. Re-establishment of miR-153 levels in GC may suppress cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongli Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
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260
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Basuroy R, Sarker D, Quaglia A, Srirajaskanthan R, Ramage J. Personalized medicine for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a distant dream? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ije.15.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors are heterogeneous cancers that can present with advanced disease. Treatment stratification is often based on limited characterization of tumor behavior from histological grade and imaging assessments. Personalized medicine strategies focus on tailoring therapy through characterization of cancer pathways and the development of biomarkers. This review article explores the current personalized medicine landscape in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, from tissue and circulating biomarkers development through to tumor heterogeneity and reimbursement issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Basuroy
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Centre of Excellence, Institute of Liver studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Debashis Sarker
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Centre of Excellence, Institute of Liver studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Department of Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Strand, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Alberto Quaglia
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Centre of Excellence, Institute of Liver studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Histopathology Department, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Centre of Excellence, Institute of Liver studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Lewisham, London, SE13 6LH, UK
| | - John Ramage
- ENETS Neuroendocrine Centre of Excellence, Institute of Liver studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Gastroenterology Department, Hampshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hampshire, RG24 9NA, UK
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261
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Yang C, Pan Y. Fluorouracil induces autophagy-related gastric carcinoma cell death through Beclin-1 upregulation by miR-30 suppression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15489-15494. [PMID: 26209295 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy drugs are not completely understood. Here, we studied the effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) on gastric carcinoma (GC) cells. We found that 5-FU dose-dependently inhibited the growth of GC cells, in either a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay or a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, autophagy-associated protein 6 (ATG6) or Beclin-1 was dose-dependently activated by 5-FU in GC cells. Further, microRNA (miR)-30 was found to be regulated by 5-FU, and bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-30 targeted the 3'-UTR of Beclin-1 to inhibit its translation. Together, these data suggest that 5-FU may suppress miR-30 to upregulate Beclin-1 to induce autophagic cell death and cell proliferation arrest in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
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262
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Shi Y, Tan YJ, Zeng DZ, Qian F, Yu PW. miR-203 suppression in gastric carcinoma promotes Slug-mediated cancer metastasis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:15483-15488. [PMID: 26194864 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. Recently, miR-203 was reported as a tumor suppressor microRNA silenced in different malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, oral cancer, breast cancer, and hematopoietic malignancy, whereas its role in the carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma (GC) has not been evaluated. Here, we analyzed the levels of miR-203 and Slug in the GC specimen and studied their correlation. We analyzed the binding of miR-203 to the 3'-UTR of Slug messenger RNA (mRNA) and its effects on Slug translation by bioinformatics analysis and by luciferase-reporter assay, respectively. We modified miR-203 levels in GC cells and studied their effects on the cell invasiveness in transwell cell migration assay. We found that in GC, miR-203 levels were significantly decreased and Slug levels were significantly increased. miR-203 and Slug inversely correlated in patients' specimen. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that miR-203 may target the 3'-UTR of Slug mRNA to inhibit its translation, which was confirmed by luciferase-reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-203 inhibited Slug and cell invasiveness, while depletion of miR-203 increased Slug and cell invasiveness. These data suggest that miR-203 suppression in GC promotes Slug-mediated cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China,
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263
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Slattery ML, Herrick JS, Mullany LE, Valeri N, Stevens J, Caan BJ, Samowitz W, Wolff RK. An evaluation and replication of miRNAs with disease stage and colorectal cancer-specific mortality. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:428-38. [PMID: 25484364 PMCID: PMC4428989 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and associated with prognostic indicators such as disease stage and survival. Prognostic associations are often based on few individuals and imprecise. In this study, we utilize population-based data from 1,141 CRC cases to replicate previously reported associations between 121 miRNAs and disease stage and survival. The Agilent Human miRNA Microarray V19.0 was used to generate miRNA data following a stringent quality control protocol. Assessment of survival was done using Cox Proportional Hazard models adjusting for age, disease stage and tumor molecular phenotype. Five miRNAs were associated with more advanced disease stage; hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-31-5p showed increased expression with more advanced tumor stage, while hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-215 and hsa-miR-451a had decreased expression with more advanced tumors. Thirteen miRNAs were associated with CRC mortality among individuals diagnosed with colon cancer while 14 were associated with CRC mortality after a diagnosis with rectal cancer. Strongest associations were observed for those miRNAs that were expressed in a small subset of tumors. Most notable associations were for hsa-miR-145-3p [hazard ratio (HR) 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54, 5.61], and hsa-miR-9-3p (HR 10.28, 95% CI 1.31, 80.84) with colon cancer and hsa-miR-335-5p (HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05, 0.54) for rectal cancer. hsa-miR-374a-5p, hsa-miR-570-3p and hsa-miR-18a-5p significantly reduced the hazard of dying for all cases, regardless of tumor site. Our findings illustrate the need for a large sample to evaluate the association of miRNAs with survival and disease stage in order to determine associations by tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jennifer S Herrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - John Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, 3900 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT
| | - Bette J Caan
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA
| | - Wade Samowitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, 383 Colorow, Salt Lake City, UT
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264
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Inhibition of Gastric Tumor Cell Growth Using Seed-targeting LNA as Specific, Long-lasting MicroRNA Inhibitors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e246. [PMID: 26151747 PMCID: PMC4561653 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs regulate eukaryotic gene expression upon pairing onto target mRNAs. This targeting is influenced by the complementarity between the microRNA “seed” sequence at its 5′ end and the seed-matching sequences in the mRNA. Here, we assess the efficiency and specificity of 8-mer locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotides raised against the seeds of miR-372 and miR-373, two embryonic stem cell-specific microRNAs prominently expressed in the human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cell line. Provided that the pairing is perfect over all the eight nucleotides of the seed and starts at nucleotide 2 or 1 at the microRNA 5′ end, these short LNAs inhibit miR-372/373 functions and derepress their common target, the cell cycle regulator LATS2. They decrease cell proliferation in vitro upon either transfection at nanomolar concentrations or unassisted delivery at micromolar concentrations. Subcutaneously delivered LNAs reduce tumor growth of AGS xenografts in mice, upon formation of a stable, specific heteroduplex with the targeted miR-372 and -373 and LATS2 upregulation. Their therapeutic potential is confirmed in fast-growing, miR-372-positive, primary human gastric adenocarcinoma xenografts in mice. Thus, microRNA silencing by 8-mer seed-targeting LNAs appears a valuable approach for both loss-of-function studies aimed at elucidating microRNA functions and for microRNA-based therapeutic strategies.
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265
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Growth of glioblastoma is inhibited by miR-133-mediated EGFR suppression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9553-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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266
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Wu Z, Wang H, Fang S, Xu C. MiR-449c inhibits gastric carcinoma growth. Life Sci 2015; 137:14-9. [PMID: 26141986 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Gastric carcinoma (GC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in China. Growing evidence indicates that dysregulation of miRNAs contributes to GC development. Although it has been shown that miR-449c acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, the role of miR-449c in GC remains unclear. MAIN METHODS Here, we analyzed miR-449c levels in GC tissues and cell lines by RT-qPCR. We also overexpressed and inhibited miR-449c by transfecting miRNA mimics and antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), respectively. Cell growth was analyzed by MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by FACS analysis. MiR-449c target genes were predicted using bioinformatics algorithms and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay. KEY FINDINGS We detected lower miR-449c levels in GC tissues; the low miR-449c levels correlated with low survival rate. Overexpression of miR-449c inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis, while depletion of miR-449c increased cell growth and suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, the 3' UTR of MET, an oncogene that activates tumor cell growth, appeared to be targeted by miR-449c. SIGNIFICANCE Together, we showed that the reduced miR-449c levels in GC tissues promote GC growth, which possibly contributes to the low survival rate of GC patients. Mechanistically, miR-449c may target MET to suppress GC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wu
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1 Huayu Road, Shaoxing 312030, China.
| | - Huangen Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1 Huayu Road, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Sunyang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Shaoxing Hospital of China Medical University, 1 Huayu Road, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Chaoyang Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 568 Zhongxingbei Road, Shaoxing 312000, China
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267
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Impairment of growth of gastric carcinoma by miR-133-mediated Her-2 inhibition. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8925-30. [PMID: 26076812 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in China. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been shown to contribute to the development of GC, whereas the role of miR-133 in GC is unknown. Here, we analyzed the levels of miR-133 in GC tissues by reverse and quantitative transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We overexpressed or inhibited miR-133 in GC cells. Cell growth was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Targeted genes were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. We detected lower miR-133 levels in GC tissues compared with normal gastric tissue. Moreover, the low miR-133 levels were correlated with low survival rate. Overexpression of miR-133 inhibited cell growth and promoted apoptosis, while depletion of miR-133 increased cell growth and suppressed apoptosis. Moreover, the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of Her-2, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that transduces cell growth signals, appeared to be targeted by miR-133. Together, these data suggest that reduced miR-133 levels in GC tissues promote GC growth, which possibly contributes to a low survival rate of GC patients. MiR-133 may target Her-2 to suppress GC cell growth.
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268
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Chen L, Xu L, Wang G. Regulation of MET-mediated proliferation of thyroid carcinoma cells by miR-449b. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8653-60. [PMID: 26044563 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is a lethal cancer worldwide, whereas its carcinogenesis is not fully understood. Although growing evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to the development of various cancers, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of TC is poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed the levels of miR-449b in TC tissues and detected significantly lower miR-449b levels in TC tissues. Moreover, the low miR-449b levels were associated with poor survival. We then overexpressed miR-449b by miRNA mimic transfection and inhibited miR-449b by miRNA antisense transfection. Cell growth was analyzed by CCK-8 assay and MTT assay, and apoptosis and cell proliferation were analyzed by flow cytometry. Overexpression of miR-449b significantly inhibited cell growth, while depletion of miR-449b increased cell growth. Moreover, the effects of miR-449b on cell growth were through modulation of cell proliferation rather than through modulation of cell apoptosis. Targeted genes were predicted by a bioinformatics algorithm and confirmed by a dual luciferase reporter assay, showing that miR-449b binds to the 3'-UTR of MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) mRNA, to inhibit its expression in TC cells. MET levels were regulated by miR-449b in TT cells. Together, we show that reduced miR-449b levels in TT tissues may promote TC growth, through MET-mediated cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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269
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Kakimoto Y, Kamiguchi H, Ochiai E, Satoh F, Osawa M. MicroRNA Stability in Postmortem FFPE Tissues: Quantitative Analysis Using Autoptic Samples from Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129338. [PMID: 26046358 PMCID: PMC4457786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are very short (18–24 nucleotides) nucleic acids that are expressed in a number of biological tissues and have been shown to be more resistant to extreme temperatures and pH compared to longer RNA molecules, like mRNAs. As miRNAs contribute to diverse biological process and respond to various kinds of cellular stress, their utility as diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets has recently been explored. Here, we have evaluated the usefulness of miRNA quantification during postmortem examination of cardiac tissue from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Cardiac tissue was collected within one week of the patient’s death and either frozen (19 samples) or fixed in formalin for up to three years (36 samples). RNA integrity was evaluated with an electropherogram, and it appears that longer RNAs are fragmented after death in the long-term fixed samples. Quantitative PCR was also performed for seven miRNAs and three other small RNAs in order to determine the appropriate controls for our postmortem analysis. Our data indicate that miR-191 and miR-26b are more suitable than the other types of small RNA molecules as they are stably detected after death and long-term fixation. Further, we also applied our quantitation method, using these endogenous controls, to evaluate the expression of three previously identified miRNA biomarkers, miR-1, miR-208b, and miR-499a, in formalin-fixed tissues from AMI patients. Although miR-1 and miR-208b decreased (1.4-fold) and increased (1.2-fold), respectively, in the AMI samples compared to the controls, the significance of these changes was limited by our sample size. In contrast, the relative level of miR-499a was significantly decreased in the AMI samples (2.1-fold). This study highlights the stability of miRNAs after death and long-term fixation, validating their use as reliable biomarkers for AMI during postmortem examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamiguchi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Ochiai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiko Satoh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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270
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Tarallo S, Pardini B, Mancuso G, Rosa F, Di Gaetano C, Rosina F, Vineis P, Naccarati A. MicroRNA expression in relation to different dietary habits: a comparison in stool and plasma samples. Mutagenesis 2015; 29:385-91. [PMID: 25150024 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, are fundamental for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Altered expression of miRNAs has been detected in cancers, not only in primary tissue but also in easily obtainable specimens like plasma and stools. miRNA expression is known to be modulated by diet (micro and macronutrients, phytochemicals) and possibly by other lifestyle factors; however, such influence has not yet been exhaustively explored in humans. In the present study, we analysed the expression levels of a panel of seven human miRNAs in plasma and stool samples of a group of 24 healthy individuals characterised by different dietary habits (eight vegans, eight vegetarians and eight subjects with omnivorous diet, all groups with similar age and sex distribution). The dual aim of the study was to identify possible differences in miRNA expression due to diet (or other lifestyle factors recorded from questionnaires) and to compare results in both types of specimens. miR-92a was differentially expressed in both plasma and stool samples and with the same trend, among the three groups with different diets (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.02, respectively, with expression levels of vegans>vegetarians>omnivores). miR-92a was also associated with low body mass index (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively) in both types of specimens, and with several dietary factors. Other analysed miRNAs (miR-16, miR-21, mir-34a and miR-222) were associated with dietary and lifestyle factors, but not consistently in both stool and plasma. Our pilot study provides the first evidence of miRNA modulation by diet and other factors, that can be detected consistently in both plasma and stools samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tarallo
- Human Genetics Foundation, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Human Genetics Foundation, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Rosa
- Human Genetics Foundation, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cornelia Di Gaetano
- Human Genetics Foundation, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, via Santena 19, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Floriano Rosina
- Division of Gastro-Hepatology, Ospedale Gradenigo, Corso Regina Margherita 8, 10153 Turin, Italy and
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Human Genetics Foundation, via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy, School of Public Health, Imperial College, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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271
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LI LEI, MA HUIQIANG. MicroRNA-216a inhibits the growth and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3156-62. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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272
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Ragusa M, Barbagallo C, Statello L, Caltabiano R, Russo A, Puzzo L, Avitabile T, Longo A, Toro MD, Barbagallo D, Valadi H, Di Pietro C, Purrello M, Reibaldi M. miRNA profiling in vitreous humor, vitreal exosomes and serum from uveal melanoma patients: Pathological and diagnostic implications. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1387-96. [PMID: 25951497 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1046021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) represents approximately 5-6% of all melanoma diagnoses and up to 50% of patients succumb to their disease. Although several methods are available, accurate diagnosis is not always easily feasible because of potential accidents (e.g., intraocular hemorrhage). Based on the assumption that the profile of circulating miRNAs is often altered in human cancers, we verified whether UM patients showed different vitreous humor (VH) or serum miRNA profiles with respect to healthy controls. By using TaqMan Low Density Arrays, we analyzed 754 miRNAs from VH, vitreal exosomes, and serum of 6 UM patients and 6 healthy donors: our data demonstrated that the UM VH profile was unique and only partially overlapping with that from serum of the same patients. Whereas, 90% of miRNAs were shared between VH and vitreal exosomes, and their alterations in UM were statistically overlapped with those of VH and vitreal exosomes, suggesting that VH alterations could result from exosomal dysregulation. We report 32 miRNAs differentially expressed in UM patients in at least 2 different types of samples analyzed. We validated these data on an independent cohort of 12 UM patients. Most alterations were common to VH and vitreal exosomes (e.g., upregulation of miR-21,-34 a,-146a). Interestingly, miR-146a was upregulated in the serum of UM patients, as well as in serum exosomes. Upregulation of miR-21 and miR-146a was also detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded UM, suggesting that VH or serum alterations in UM could be the consequence of disregulation arising from tumoral cells. Our findings suggest the possibility to detect in VH and serum of UM patients "diagnostic" miRNAs released by the affected eye: based on this, miR-146a could be considered a potential circulating marker of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragusa
- a Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- a Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Luisa Statello
- a Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- b Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology ; University of Catania ; Catania ; Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- c Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Lidia Puzzo
- b Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology ; University of Catania ; Catania ; Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- c Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- c Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Mario D Toro
- c Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- a Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Hadi Valadi
- d University of Gothenburg; Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research ; Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- a Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- a Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- c Department of Ophthalmology ; University of Catania ; Catania , Italy
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273
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Hou B, Ishinaga H, Midorikawa K, Shah SA, Nakamura S, Hiraku Y, Oikawa S, Murata M, Takeuchi K. Circulating microRNAs as novel prognosis biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:1042-6. [PMID: 25950115 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1045692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising non-invasive biomarkers for human cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, but its overall survival has remained unchanged in the past 3 decades. Biomarkers for evaluating efficacy of cancer therapy are urgently needed. To explore circulating miRNAs as cancer therapy biomarkers, we initially identified that 8 miRNAs were distinctly dysregulated in cancerous tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous counterparts from 16 patients, using microarray and real-time PCR. Based on this discovery, the comparison study was performed between pre- and 6 months post-operative paired plasma samples on 9 patients. MiR-99a, which was down-regulated in cancerous tissues, was significantly increased in plasma after operation. Meanwhile, oncomiR miR-21 and miR-223 that were up-regulated in cancerous tissues, were significantly reduced in post-operative plasma samples. We firstly report the significant changes of miR-99a in plasma of HNSCC patients after surgery. Furthermore, plasma miR-223 was inversely increased in a patient whose cancer relapsed within 6 months after operation. We conclude that these circulating miRNAs may serve as biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of therapy and the prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hou
- a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery ; Tsu , Japan
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274
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Jiang Y, Meng Q, Qi J, Shen H, Sun S. MiR-497 promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer cells through Nrdp1 inhibition. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7641-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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275
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MiRNA-494 inhibits metastasis of cervical cancer through Pttg1. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7143-9. [PMID: 25877755 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cervical cancer (CC) patients experience early cancer metastasis, resulting in poor therapeutic outcome after resection of primary cancer. Hence, there is a compelling requirement for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasiveness control of CC. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (Pttg1) has been recently reported to promote cancer cell growth and metastasis in a number of various tumors. However, its regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as its role in CC have not been clarified. Here, we reported significantly higher levels of Pttg1 and significantly lower levels of miR-494 in the resected CC tissue, compared with the adjacent normal cervical tissue from the same patient. Interestingly, Pttg1 levels inversely correlated with miR-494 levels. In vitro, Pttg1 levels determined CC cell invasiveness and were inhibited by miR-494 levels. However, miR-494 levels were not affected by Pttg1 levels. Furthermore, miR-494 inhibited Pttg1 expression in CC cells, through directly binding and inhibition on 3'-UTR of Pttg1 mRNA. Together, our data suggest that Pttg1 may increase CC cell metastasis, which is negatively regulated by miR-494. Our work thus highlights a novel molecular regulatory machinery in metastasis of CC.
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276
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Panwalkar P, Moiyadi A, Goel A, Shetty P, Goel N, Sridhar E, Shirsat N. MiR-206, a Cerebellum Enriched miRNA Is Downregulated in All Medulloblastoma Subgroups and Its Overexpression Is Necessary for Growth Inhibition of Medulloblastoma Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:673-80. [PMID: 25859932 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common and a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor located in the cerebellar region of the brain. Medulloblastomas have recently been shown to consist of four distinct molecular subgroups, viz., WNT, SHH, group 3, and group 4. MiR-206, a miRNA first identified as a myomiR due to its enriched expression in skeletal muscle was found to be expressed specifically in the cerebellum, the site of medulloblastoma occurrence. MiR-206 expression was found to be downregulated in medulloblastomas belonging to all the four molecular subgroups as well as in established medulloblastoma cell lines. Further, the expression of murine homolog of miR-206 was also found to be downregulated in SHH subgroup medulloblastomas from the Smo (+/+) transgenic mice and the Ptch1 (+/-) knockout mice. MiR-206 downregulation in all the four medulloblastoma subgroups suggests tumor-suppressive role for miR-206 in medulloblastoma pathogenesis. The effect of miR-206 expression was analyzed in three established medulloblastoma cell lines, viz., Daoy, D425, and D283 belonging to distinct molecular subgroups. Restoration of miR-206 expression to the levels comparable to those in the normal cerebellum, however, was found to be insufficient to inhibit the growth of established medulloblastoma cell lines. OTX2, an oncogenic miR-206 target, overexpressed in all non-SHH medulloblastomas, is known to inhibit myogenic differentiation of medulloblastoma cells. Overexpression of miR-206 was necessary to downregulate OTX2 expression and inhibit growth of medulloblastoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Panwalkar
- Shirsat Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
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277
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Oneyama C, Okada M. MicroRNAs as the fine-tuners of Src oncogenic signalling. J Biochem 2015; 157:431-8. [PMID: 25862810 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular Src (c-Src) tyrosine kinase is upregulated and believed to play a pivotal role in various human cancers. However, the molecular mechanism underlying c-Src-mediated tumour progression remains elusive. Recent studies have revealed that several microRNAs (miRNAs) function as tumour suppressors by regulating the malignant expression of signalling molecules. Aberrant expression of miRNAs is frequently observed in human cancers and should be exploited to seek related molecular targets. In this review, we focus on miRNAs found to be involved in Src signalling in various cancers. We summarize recent findings on Src-related miRNAs, their target genes, mechanisms behind their interplay and their implications for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitose Oneyama
- Division of Microbiology and Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan and Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Division of Microbiology and Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan and Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Division of Microbiology and Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan and Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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278
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Ross SA, Davis CD. The emerging role of microRNAs and nutrition in modulating health and disease. Annu Rev Nutr 2015; 34:305-36. [PMID: 25033062 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that inform how diet and dietary supplements influence health and disease is an active research area. One such mechanism concerns the role of diet in modulating the activity and function of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing and have been shown to control gene expression in diverse biological processes including development, differentiation, cell proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation as well as in human diseases. Recent evidence described in this review highlights how dietary factors may influence cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of miRNA expression. Additionally, circulating miRNAs are emerging as putative biomarkers of disease, susceptibility, and perhaps dietary exposure. Research needs to move beyond associations in cells and animals to understanding the direct effects of diet and dietary supplements on miRNA expression and function in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Ross
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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279
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Challenges in using circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:731479. [PMID: 25874226 PMCID: PMC4385632 DOI: 10.1155/2015/731479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, circulating miRNAs have emerged as a new class of promising cancer biomarkers. Independent studies have shown the feasibility of using these small RNAs as tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of malignancies as well as for predicting and possibly monitoring treatment response. However, despite an initial enthusiasm for their possible clinical application, widespread inconsistencies have been observed among the studies, and miRNA-based tools still represent the object of research within clinical diagnostic or treatment protocols. The poor overlap of results could be explained, at least in part, by preanalytical and analytical variables and donor-related factors that could generate artefacts, impairing an accurate quantification of circulating miRNAs. In fact, critical issues are represented by nonuniform sample choice, handling, and processing, as well as by blood cell contamination in sample preparation and lack of consensus for data normalization. In this review, we address the potential technical biases and individual-related parameters that can influence circulating miRNA studies' outcome. The exciting potential of circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers could confer an important advance in the disease management, but their clinical significance might not be proven without a global consensus of procedures and standardized protocols for their accurate detection.
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280
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Tian R, Liu T, Qiao L, Gao M, Li J. Decreased serum microRNA-206 level predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with melanoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:3097-3103. [PMID: 26045823 PMCID: PMC4440132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MicroRNA-206 (miR-206) acts as a tumor suppressor in melanoma cell lines. However, its clinical significance remains unclear. The aim of this study was to detect the serum level of miR-206 in patients with melanoma and to determine the feasibility of using it as a noninvasive prognostic biomarker. METHODS Expression levels of miR-206 in serum samples from 60 patients with melanoma and 30 healthy controls were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). RESULTS Expression levels of miR-206 in serum samples from patients with melanoma were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (P<0.001). In addition, low serum miR-206 level was more frequently observed in patients with two or more metastatic sites (P=0.02). Its serum level was also significantly associated with the response to treatment (P=0.01). Moreover, melanoma patients with low serum miR-206 levels had higher clinical stage than those with high serum miR-206 levels (P<0.001). Furthermore, melanoma patients with low serum miR-206 level had a dramatically shorter 5-year overall and disease-free survival than those with high serum miR-206 level (both P=0.001). Multivariate analysis also identified the serum miR-206 level as an independent marker for both 5-year overall and disease-free survivals (both P=0.01) in patients with melanoma. CONCLUSIONS Our results offer the convincing evidence that miR-206 may be implicated in aggressive progression of melanoma. More importantly, the serum level of miR-206 may be a noninvasive prognostic biomarker for the patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of The Air ForceBeijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of The Air ForceBeijing, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of The Air ForceBeijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
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281
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Sonneville F, Ruffin M, Guillot L, Rousselet N, Le Rouzic P, Corvol H, Tabary O. New insights about miRNAs in cystic fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:897-908. [PMID: 25687559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of cystic fibrosis (CF) is a mutation-related defect in the epithelial-cell chloride channel called CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This defect alters chloride ion transport and impairs water transport across the cell membrane. Marked clinical heterogeneity occurs even among patients carrying the same mutation in the CFTR gene. Recent studies suggest that such heterogeneity could be related to epigenetic factors and/or miRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs that modulate the expression of various proteins via post-transcriptional inhibition of gene expression. In the respiratory system, it has been shown that the dysregulation of miRNAs could participate in and lead to pathogenicity in several diseases. In CF airways, recent studies have proposed that miRNAs may modulate disease progression by affecting the production of either CFTR or various proteins that are dysregulated in the CF lung. Herein, we provide an overview of studies showing how miRNAs may modulate CF pathology and the efforts to develop miRNA-based treatments and/or to consider miRNAs as biomarkers. The identification of miRNAs involved in CF disease progression opens up new avenues toward treatments targeting selected clinical components of CF, independently from the CFTR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Sonneville
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Manon Ruffin
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Guillot
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rousselet
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Le Rouzic
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Harriet Corvol
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France; Paediatric Respiratory Department, Hôpital Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Tabary
- Inserm UMR_S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Paris, France.
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282
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Prokopi M, Kousparou CA, Epenetos AA. The Secret Role of microRNAs in Cancer Stem Cell Development and Potential Therapy: A Notch-Pathway Approach. Front Oncol 2015; 4:389. [PMID: 25717438 PMCID: PMC4324081 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the development of some if not all cancer types and have been identified as attractive targets for prognosis, diagnosis, and therapy of the disease. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs (20–22 nt in length) that bind imperfectly to the 3′-untranslated region of target mRNA regulating gene expression. Aberrantly expressed miRNAs in cancer, sometimes known as oncomiRNAs, have been shown to play a major role in oncogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Amplification of oncomiRNAs during cancer development correlates with the silencing of tumor suppressor genes; on the other hand, down-regulation of miRNAs has also been observed in cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs). In both cases, miRNA regulation is inversely correlated with cancer progression. Growing evidence indicates that miRNAs are also involved in the metastatic process by either suppressing or promoting metastasis-related genes leading to the reduction or activation of cancer cell migration and invasion processes. In particular, circulating miRNAs (vesicle-encapsulated or non-encapsulated) have significant effects on tumorigenesis: membrane-particles, apoptotic bodies, and exosomes have been described as providers of a cell-to-cell communication system transporting oncogenic miRNAs from tumors to neighboring cells and distant metastatic sites. It is hypothesized that miRNAs control cancer development in a traditional manner, by regulating signaling pathways and factors. In addition, recent developments indicate a non-conventional mechanism of cancer regulation by stem cell reprograming via a regulatory network consisting of miRNAs and Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways, all of which are involved in controlling stem cell functions of CSCs. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in the Notch-pathway and how they regulate CSC self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenesis by direct/indirect targeting of the Notch-pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Prokopi
- The Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Trojantec Ltd. , Nicosia , Cyprus ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology , Limassol , Cyprus
| | | | - Agamemnon A Epenetos
- The Bank of Cyprus Oncology Centre, Trojantec Ltd. , Nicosia , Cyprus ; Imperial College London , London , UK ; Clinical Oncology, The Harley Street Oncology Clinic , London , UK ; Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital , London , UK
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283
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Regulation of growth of human bladder cancer by miR-192. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:3791-7. [PMID: 25566965 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-3020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of microRNA-192 (miR-192) is impaired in many cancers. Here, we investigated the role of miR-192 in the proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. Human bladder cancer cells were transfected with human miR-192 precursor or non-specific control miRNA. The effect of miR-192 on cell proliferation was assessed by a MTT assay. The effects of miR-192 on cell cycle regulation and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of cyclin D1, p21, p27, Bcl-2, Bax, and Mcl-1. We found that overexpression of miR-192 significantly decreased the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by 22 and 54 % at 48 and 72 h, respectively. MiR-192-overexpressing cells exhibited a significant increase in G0/G1 phase and a significant decrease in S phase compared to the control miRNA-transfected cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-192 significantly induced apoptotic death in bladder cancer cells, increased the levels of p21, p27, and Bax, and decreased the levels of cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-192 may be a suppressor for bladder cancer cells by cell cycle regulation.
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284
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Prediction of mature microRNA and piwi-interacting RNA without a genome reference or precursors. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1466-81. [PMID: 25580537 PMCID: PMC4307313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) is an important task for the understanding of many biological processes. Most of the available miRNA and piRNA identification methods are dependent on the availability of the organism's genome sequence and the quality of its annotation. Therefore, an efficient prediction method based solely on the short RNA reads and requiring no genomic information is highly desirable. In this study, we propose an approach that relies primarily on the nucleotide composition of the read and does not require reference genomes of related species for prediction. Using an empirical Bayesian kernel method and the error correcting output codes framework, compact models suitable for large-scale analyses are built on databases of known mature miRNAs and piRNAs. We found that the usage of an L1-based Gaussian kernel can double the true positive rate compared to the standard L2-based Gaussian kernel. Our approach can increase the true positive rate by at most 60% compared to the existing piRNA predictor based on the analysis of a hold-out test set. Using experimental data, we also show that our approach can detect about an order of magnitude or more known miRNAs than the mature miRNA predictor, miRPlex.
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285
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In vivo, Argonaute-bound microRNAs exist predominantly in a reservoir of low molecular weight complexes not associated with mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:767-72. [PMID: 25568082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1424217112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs repress mRNA translation by guiding Argonaute proteins to partially complementary binding sites, primarily within the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs. In cell lines, Argonaute-bound microRNAs exist mainly in high molecular weight RNA-induced silencing complexes (HMW-RISC) associated with target mRNA. Here we demonstrate that most adult tissues contain reservoirs of microRNAs in low molecular weight RISC (LMW-RISC) not bound to mRNA, suggesting that these microRNAs are not actively engaged in target repression. Consistent with this observation, the majority of individual microRNAs in primary T cells were enriched in LMW-RISC. During T-cell activation, signal transduction through the phosphoinositide-3 kinase-RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway increased the assembly of microRNAs into HMW-RISC, enhanced expression of the glycine-tryptophan protein of 182 kDa, an essential component of HMW-RISC, and improved the ability of microRNAs to repress partially complementary reporters, even when expression of targeting microRNAs did not increase. Overall, data presented here demonstrate that microRNA-mediated target repression in nontransformed cells depends not only on abundance of specific microRNAs, but also on regulation of RISC assembly by intracellular signaling.
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286
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microRNAs and Personalized Medicine: Evaluating Their Potential as Cancer Biomarkers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 888:5-15. [PMID: 26663176 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
microRNA deregulations are often, if not invariably, associated with human malignancies, including cancers. Though most of these deregulations may not be functionally implicated in tumorigenesis, the fact that microRNA expression can be monitored in a variety of human specimens, including biological fluids, supports studies aimed at characterizing microRNA signatures able to detect various cancers (diagnosis), predict their outcome (prognosis), monitor their treatment (theranosis), and adapt therapy to a patient (precision medicine). Here, we review and discuss pros and cons of microRNA-based approaches that can support their exploitation as cancer biomarkers.
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287
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Yang K, Zeng M, Fu X, Li J, Ma N, Tao L. Establishing biodegradable single-layer MnO2 nanosheets as a platform for live cell microRNA sensing. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established a simple and effective biosensing platform based on the non-covalent assembly of biodegradable single-layer MnO2 nanosheet and target-specific oligonucleotide, and demonstrated its application for sensing miRNA in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy
- Histology and Embryology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Changsha Medical University
- Changsha 410219
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy
- Histology and Embryology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Changsha Medical University
- Changsha 410219
| | - Xinling Fu
- Department of Human Anatomy
- Histology and Embryology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Changsha Medical University
- Changsha 410219
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Human Anatomy
- Histology and Embryology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Changsha Medical University
- Changsha 410219
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy
- Histology and Embryology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Changsha Medical University
- Changsha 410219
| | - Lu Tao
- Department of Human Anatomy
- Histology and Embryology
- College of Basic Medical Sciences
- Changsha Medical University
- Changsha 410219
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288
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Zhang C, Peng G. Non-coding RNAs: An emerging player in DNA damage response. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 763:202-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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289
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an important event for normal cellular homeostasis. Gene expression may be "switched" on or "turned" off via epigenetic means through adjustments in the architecture of DNA. These structural alterations result from histone posttranslation modifications such as acetylation and methylation on key arginine and lysine residues, or by alterations to DNA methylation. Other known epigenetic mechanisms invoke histone variant exchange or utilize noncoding RNAs (lncRNA/miRNA). Drugs which can target the epigenetic regulatory machinery are currently undergoing clinical trials in a wide variety of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here we describe RNA isolation and the subsequent Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) methods, post-epigenetic drug treatment, to identify genes, which may be responsive to such epigenetic targeting agents. In addition, we depict a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay to determine the association between chromatin transcription markers and DNA following pretreatment of cell cultures with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDi). This assay allows us to determine whether treatment with an HDi dynamically remodels the promoter region of genes, as judged by the differences in the PCR product between our treated and untreated samples. Finally we describe two commonly used methodologies for analyzing DNA methylation. The first, methylation-sensitive high resolution melt analysis (MS-HRM) is used for methylation screening of regions of interest, to identify potential epigenetic "hotspots." The second, quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) is best applied when these hotspots are known, and offers a high-throughput, highly sensitive means of quantifying methylation at specific CpG dinucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette S Perry
- Prostate Molecular Oncology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Science, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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290
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Rapa I, Votta A, Felice B, Righi L, Giorcelli J, Scarpa A, Speel EJM, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M, Volante M. Identification of MicroRNAs Differentially Expressed in Lung Carcinoid Subtypes and Progression. Neuroendocrinology 2015; 101:246-55. [PMID: 25791280 DOI: 10.1159/000381454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To extensively explore microRNA expression profiles in lung carcinoids in correlation with clinical and pathological features. METHODS A PCR-based array was employed in the screening phase to analyze 752 microRNAs in a discovery set of 12 lung carcinoids, including 6 typical (3 with lymph node metastasis) and 6 atypical (3 with lymph node metastasis). The results were validated by means of real-time PCR in 37 carcinoids, including 22 typical (4 with lymph node metastasis) and 15 atypical (7 with lymph node metastasis), and 19 high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. RESULTS Unsupervised cluster analysis segregated the pilot cases into 3 distinct groups. Twenty-four microRNAs were differentially regulated in atypical versus typical carcinoids, and 29 in metastatic versus nonmetastatic cases. Eleven microRNAs were selected for validation. All but 1 were significantly different among lung neuroendocrine tumor histotypes. Moreover, 5 (miR-129-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-409-5p, miR-185 and miR-497) were significantly upregulated in typical compared to atypical carcinoids. MiR-409-3p, miR-409-5p and miR-431-5p were also significantly downregulated in carcinoids metastatic to the lymph nodes. Predictive in silico analysis of specific target genes showed that these 3 latter microRNAs linked to metastatic potential are implicated in several cellular functions and highlighted several novel genes which may be worth exploring. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that lung carcinoids have distinct microRNA expression profiles as compared to high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas and that specific microRNAs might have potential implications as diagnostic tools or clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Rapa
- Department of Oncology, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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291
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Liu R, Gu J, Jiang P, Zheng Y, Liu X, Jiang X, Huang E, Xiong S, Xu F, Liu G, Ge D, Chu Y. DNMT1–MicroRNA126 Epigenetic Circuit Contributes to Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth via ADAM9–EGFR–AKT Signaling. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:854-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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292
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Zhang B, Liu T, Wu T, Wang Z, Rao Z, Gao J. microRNA-137 functions as a tumor suppressor in human non-small cell lung cancer by targeting SLC22A18. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:111-8. [PMID: 25498886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the overexpression of solute carrier family 22 member 18 (SLC22A18) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues might be associated with tumor progression and patients' prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its roles in NSCLC. As a result, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay showed that microRNA (miRNA)-137 directly targeted SLC22A18 in NSCLC cells. Then, functional studies indicated that the ectopic expression of miR-137 significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration by targeting SLC22A18. More importantly, the decreased expression of miR-137 in clinical NSCLC tissues was correlated with advanced TNM stage, positive metastasis and poor prognosis of patients with this malignancy. In conclusion, these findings offer the convincing evidence that the roles of SLC22A18 in NSCLC progression may be partially caused by the regulatory effects of miR-137, which may function as a tumor suppressor. Our clinical data further indicated that miR-137 may be an independent favorable prognostic factor in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, PR China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Rao
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianfei Gao
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan 430070, PR China
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293
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Wang HT, Liu AG, Luo DS, Zhou ZN, Lin HG, Chen RZ, He JS, Chen K. miR-218 expression in osteosarcoma tissues and its effect on cell growth in osteosarcoma cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:1000-4. [PMID: 25479631 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of miR-218 and its clinical significance in osteosarcoma tissues and explore its effect on proliferation and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. METHODS miR-218 expression was detected in 76 samples of surgically resected osteosarcoma and matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MiR-218 was over-expressed by exogenous miR-218 plasmids in Saos-2 cells, and then BrdU cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell proliferation and apoptosis. RESULTS The expression of miR-218 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly lower than those in normal tumor-adjacent tissues (t=8.735, P<0.001). MiR-218 expression in tumor tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size (χ(2)=5.380, P=0.020), clinical stage (χ(2)=6.692, P=0.010) and distant metastasis (χ(2)=4.180, P=0.041). MiR-218 was obviously over-expressed by exogenous miR-218 plasmids (t=19.42, P<0.001), and miR-218 overexpression significantly reduced cell proliferation (t=9.045, P<0.001) and induced apoptosis (t=12.38, P<0.001) in Saos-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS The low-expression of miR-218 is correlated with the poor clinicopathological features in osteosarcoma. Moreover, miR-218 overexpression reduces cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in Saos-2 cells, suggesting that miR-218 may play a key role in the progression of human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Ai-Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Dao-Shu Luo
- Basic Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhang-Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Hong-Guang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Rong-Zi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jin-Shui He
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA 180 Hospital, Quanzhou 362000, China.
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294
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Singh R, Pochampally R, Watabe K, Lu Z, Mo YY. Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-10b promotes cell invasion in breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:256. [PMID: 25428807 PMCID: PMC4258287 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exosomes are 30-100 nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin, mediating diverse biological functions including tumor cell invasion, cell-cell communication and antigen presentation through transfer of proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs. Recent evidence suggests that microRNAs can be released through ceramide-dependent secretory machinery regulated by neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) enzyme encoded by the smpd3 gene that triggers exosome secretion. However, whether exosome-mediated microRNA transfer plays any role in cell invasion remains poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the exosomal microRNAs involved in breast cancer invasion. Methods The expression level of endogenous and exosomal miRNAs were examined by real time PCR and the expression level of target proteins were detected by western blot. Scanning electron and confocal microscopy were used to characterize exosomes and to study its uptake and transfer. Luciferase reporter plasmids and its mutant were used to confirm direct targeting. Furthermore, the functional significance of exosomal miR-10b was estimated by invasion assay. Results In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA carrying exosomes can be transferred among different cell lines through direct uptake. miR-10b is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells as compared to non-metastatic breast cancer cells or non-malignant breast cells; it is actively secreted into medium via exosomes. In particular, nSMase2 or ceramide promotes the exosome-mediated miR-10b secretion whereas ceramide inhibitor suppresses this secretion. Moreover, upon uptake, miR-10b can suppress the protein level of its target genes such as HOXD10 and KLF4, indicating its functional significance. Finally, treatment with exosomes derived from MDA-MB-231 cells could induce the invasion ability of non-malignant HMLE cells. Conclusion Together, our results suggest that a set of specific microRNAs may play an important role in modulating tumor microenvironment through exosomes. Thus, a better understanding of this process may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-256) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, PR China.
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295
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Abstract
Diseases and death caused by exposure to tobacco smoke have become the single most serious preventable public health concern. Thus, biomarkers that can monitor tobacco exposure and health effects can play a critical role in tobacco product regulation and public health policy. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco toxicants are well established and have been used in population studies to establish public policy regarding exposure to second-hand smoke, an example being the nicotine metabolite cotinine, which can be measured in urine. Biomarkers of biological response to tobacco smoking range from those indicative of inflammation to mRNA and microRNA patterns related to tobacco use and/or disease state. Biomarkers identifying individuals with an increased risk for a pathological response to tobacco have also been described. The challenge for any novel technology or biomarker is its translation to clinical and/or regulatory application, a process that requires first technical validation of the assay and then careful consideration of the context the biomarker assay may be used in the regulatory setting. Nonetheless, the current efforts to investigate new biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure promise to offer powerful new tools in addressing the health hazards of tobacco product use. This review will examine such biomarkers, albeit with a focus on those related to cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mattes
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael S Orr
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Richter
- Office of Science, Food & Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- Division of Systems Biology, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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296
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Mangolini A, Bonon A, Volinia S, Lanza G, Gambari R, Pinton P, Russo GR, del Senno L, Dell’Atti L, Aguiari G. Differential expression of microRNA501-5p affects the aggressiveness of clear cell renal carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:952-65. [PMID: 25426415 PMCID: PMC4241533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low expression of miR501-5p correlates with good prognosis for patients with ccRCC. miRNA501-5p downregulation stimulates apoptosis by p53 activation. miR501-5p upregulation promotes cell proliferation and survival. Increased cell growth occurs by activation of mTOR kinase and MDM2 expression. This miRNA modulates apoptosis/cell growth, making it a prognostic biomarker for ccRCC.
Renal cell carcinoma is a common neoplasia of the adult kidney that accounts for about 3% of adult malignancies. Clear cell renal carcinoma is the most frequent subtype of kidney cancer and 20–40% of patients develop metastases. The absence of appropriate biomarkers complicates diagnosis and prognosis of this disease. In this regard, small noncoding RNAs (microRNAs), which are mutated in several neoplastic diseases including kidney carcinoma, may be optimal candidates as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of this kind of cancer. Here we show that patients with clear cell kidney carcinoma that express low levels of miR501-5p exhibited a good prognosis compared with patients with unchanged or high levels of this microRNA. Consistently, in kidney carcinoma cells the downregulation of miR501-5p induced an increased caspase-3 activity, p53 expression as well as decreased mTOR activation, leading to stimulation of the apoptotic pathway. Conversely, miR501-5p upregulation enhanced the activity of mTOR and promoted both cell proliferation and survival. These biological processes occurred through p53 inactivation by proteasome degradation in a mechanism involving MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination. Our results support a role for miR501-5p in balancing apoptosis and cell survival in clear cell renal carcinoma. In particular, the downregulation of microRNA501-5p promotes a good prognosis, while its upregulation contributes to a poor prognosis, in particular, if associated with p53 and MDM2 overexpression and mTOR activation. Thus, the expression of miR501-5p is a possible biomarker for the prognosis of clear cell renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mangolini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/b, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Bonon
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/b, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathological Anatomy and Biomolecular Diagnostic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64/b, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gian Rosario Russo
- Unit of Urology, St. Anna Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura del Senno
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucio Dell’Atti
- Unit of Urology, St. Anna Hospital, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aguiari
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +39 0532974460; fax: +39 0532974484.
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297
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Hong S, Huang Y, Cao Y, Chen X, Han JDJ. Approaches to uncovering cancer diagnostic and prognostic molecular signatures. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e957981. [PMID: 27308330 PMCID: PMC4905187 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.957981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent rapid development of high-throughput technology enables the study of molecular signatures for cancer diagnosis and prognosis at multiple levels, from genomic and epigenomic to transcriptomic. These unbiased large-scale scans provide important insights into the detection of cancer-related signatures. In addition to single-layer signatures, such as gene expression and somatic mutations, integrating data from multiple heterogeneous platforms using a systematic approach has been proven to be particularly effective for the identification of classification markers. This approach not only helps to uncover essential driver genes and pathways in the cancer network that are responsible for the mechanisms of cancer development, but will also lead us closer to the ultimate goal of personalized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Hong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiang Cao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwei Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Shanghai, China
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298
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Prognostic significance of microRNA-375 downregulation in solid tumors: a meta-analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:626185. [PMID: 25404787 PMCID: PMC4227452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/626185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Recently, many studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNA) exhibit altered expression in various cancers and may play an important role as prognostic biomarker of cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of miR-375 expression in solid tumors on patients' overall survival (OS). Methods. Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embace, and Cochrane Library (last search update was in May 2014) and were assessed by further quality evaluation. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for total and stratified analyses were calculated to investigate the association between miR-375 expression and cancer patients OS. Results. Our analysis results indicated that downregulation of miR-375 predicted poor OS (HR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.48–2.45, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that lower expression of miR-375 was significantly related with poor OS in patients with esophageal carcinoma (HR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.69–2.96, P < 0.001) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (HR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.31–2.24, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The findings from this meta-analysis suggest that miR-375 expression is associated with OS of patients with malignant tumors and could be a useful clinical prognostic biomarker.
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299
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Wang S, Zhang R, Claret FX, Yang H. Involvement of microRNA-24 and DNA methylation in resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma to ionizing radiation. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:3163-74. [PMID: 25319395 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating in the epithelium. Radiotherapy is the standard therapy, but tumor resistance to this treatment reduces the 5-year patient survival rate dramatically. Studies are urgently needed to elucidate the mechanism of NPC radioresistance. Epigenetics--particularly microRNAs (miRNA) and DNA methylation--plays an important role in carcinogenesis and oncotherapy. We used qRT-PCR analysis and identified an miRNA signature from differentially expressed miRNAs. Our objectives were to identify the role of miR24 in NPC tumorigenesis and radioresistance and to identify the mechanisms by which miR24 is regulated. We found that miR24 inhibited NPC cell growth, promoted cell apoptosis, and suppressed the growth of NPC xenografts. We showed that miR24 was significantly downregulated in recurrent NPC tissues. When combined with irradiation, miR24 acted as a radiosensitizer in NPC cells. One of the miR24 precursors was embedded in a CpG island. Aberrant DNA methylation was involved in NPC response to radiotherapy, which linked inactivation of miR24 through hypermethylation of its precursor promoter with NPC radioresistance. Treating NPC cells with the DNA-hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine compensated for the reduced miR24 expression. Together, our findings showed that miR24 was negatively regulated by hypermethylation of its precursor promoter in NPC radioresistance. Our findings defined a central role for miR24 as a tumor-suppressive miRNA in NPC and suggested its use in novel strategies for treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Francois X Claret
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program and Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Huiling Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Ding CF, Chen WQ, Zhu YT, Bo YL, Hu HM, Zheng RH. Circulating microRNAs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. HUM FERTIL 2014; 18:22-9. [PMID: 25268995 DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2014.956811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the pattern of expression of circulating miRNAs in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray and qRT-PCR were used to investigate circulating miRNAs in PCOS during clinical diagnosis. The targets of dys-regulated miRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics, followed by function and pathway analysis using the databases of Gene Ontology and the KEGG pathway. RESULTS BMI, triglyceride, HOMA-IR, Testosterone and CRP levels were significantly higher, while estradiol was significantly lower in PCOS than in control groups. After SAM analysis, 5 circulating miRNAs were significantly up-regulated (let-7i-3pm, miR-5706, miR-4463, miR-3665, miR-638) and 4 (miR-124-3p, miR-128, miR-29a-3p, let-7c) were down-regulated in PCOS patients. Hierarchical clustering showed a general distinction between PCOS and control samples in a heat map. After joint prediction by different statistical methods, 34 and 41 genes targeted were up-and down-regulated miRNAs, in PCOS and controls, respectively. Further, GO and KEGG analyses revealed the involvement of the immune system, ATP binding, MAPK signaling, apoptosis, angiogenesis, response to reactive oxygen species and p53 signaling pathways in PCOS. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel non-invasive miRNA profile which distinguishes PCOS patients from healthy controls. The miRNA-target database may provide a novel understanding of PCOS and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Fei Ding
- Reproductive Department, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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