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Easterbrook B, Capolicchio JP, Braga LH. Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of urinary tract infections in prenatal hydronephrosis: An updated systematic review. Can Urol Assoc J 2017; 11:S3-S11. [PMID: 28265307 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.4384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is currently recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in infants with prenatal hydronephrosis (HN), this recommendation is not evidence-based. The objective of this study was to systematically determine whether CAP reduces UTIs in the HN population. METHODS Applicable trials were identified through an electronic search of MEDLINE (1946-2015), EMBASE (1980-2016), CINAHL (1982-2016), and CENTRAL (1993-2016) and through a hand search of American Urological Association (AUA) (2012-2015) and European Society for Pediatric Urology (ESPU) (2012-2015) abstracts, as well as reference lists of included trials. The search strategy was not limited by language or year of publication. Eligible studies compared CAP to no CAP in patients with antenatal HN, <2 years of age, and reported development of UTI and HN grades. Two independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening, full-text review, and quality appraisal. RESULTS Of 1518 citations screened, 11 were included, contributing 3909 patients for final analysis. Of these, four (36%) were considered high-quality when assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis of the non-randomized trials (n=10) provided similar pooled UTI rates, regardless of CAP use: 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.4-11.4%) for CAP and 7.5% (95% CI 6.4-8.6%) for no CAP. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests there may be value in providing CAP to infants with high-grade HN; however, due to the very low-quality data from non-randomized studies, important clinical variables, such as circumcision status, were unable to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Easterbrook
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John-Paul Capolicchio
- Division of Urology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis H Braga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Rickard M, Easterbrook B, Kim S, Farrokhyar F, Stein N, Arora S, Belostotsky V, DeMaria J, Lorenzo AJ, Braga LH. Six of one, half a dozen of the other: A measure of multidisciplinary inter/intra-rater reliability of the society for fetal urology and urinary tract dilation grading systems for hydronephrosis. J Pediatr Urol 2017; 13:80.e1-80.e5. [PMID: 27916387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system was introduced to standardize terminology in the reporting of hydronephrosis (HN), and bridge a gap between pre- and postnatal classification such as the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system. Herein we compare the intra/inter-rater reliability of both grading systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS SFU (I-IV) and UTD (I-III) grades were independently assigned by 13 raters (9 pediatric urology staff, 2 nephrologists, 2 radiologists), twice, 3 weeks apart, to 50 sagittal postnatal ultrasonographic views of hydronephrotic kidneys. Data regarding ureteral measurements and bladder abnormalities were included to allow proper UTD categorization. Ten images were repeated to assess intra-rater reliability. Krippendorff's alpha coefficient was used to measure overall and by grade intra/inter-rater reliability. Reliability between specialties and training levels were also analyzed. RESULTS Overall inter-rater reliability was slightly higher for SFU (α = 0.842, 95% CI 0.812-0.879, in session 1; and α = 0.808, 95% CI 0.775-0.839, in session 2) than for UTD (α = 0.774, 95% CI 0.715-0.827, in session 1; and α = 0.679, 95% CI 0.605-0.750, in session 2). Reliability for intermediate grades (SFU II/III and UTD 2) of HN was poor regardless of the system. Reliabilities for SFU and UTD classifications among Urology, Nephrology, and Radiology, as well as between training levels were not significantly different. DISCUSSION Despite the introduction of HN grading systems to standardize the interpretation and reporting of renal ultrasound in infants with HN, none have been proven superior in allowing clinicians to distinguish between "moderate" grades. While this study demonstrated high reliability in distinguishing between "mild" (SFU I/II and UTD 1) and "severe" (SFU IV and UTD 3) grades of HN, the overall reliability between specialties was poor. This is in keeping with a previous report of modest inter-rater reliability of the SFU system. This drawback is likely explained by the subjective interpretation required to assign grades, which can be impacted by experience, image quality, and scanning technique. As shown in the figure, which demonstrates SFU II (a) and SFU III (b), as assigned by a radiologist, it is possible to make an argument that either of these images can be classified into both categories that were observed during the grading sessions of this study. CONCLUSION Although both systems have acceptable reliability, the SFU grading system showed higher overall intra/inter-rater reliability regardless of rater specialty than the UTD classification. Inter-rater reliability for SFU grades II/III and UTD 2 was low, highlighting the limitations of both classifications in regards to properly segregating moderate HN grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Rickard
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bethany Easterbrook
- Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina Stein
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jorge DeMaria
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armando J Lorenzo
- Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Urology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis H Braga
- McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Denney JM, Stanley C, Armstrong LA, Marshall J, Settle B, Haldeman-Englert C. Fetus in Fetu in Lieu of a Sacrococcygeal Teratoma: A Case Illuminating the Utility of Serial Prenatal Sonographic Examinations in Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:453-455. [PMID: 28026891 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.16.02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Denney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christy Stanley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section on Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lou Ann Armstrong
- Prenatal Assessment Center at Forsyth, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jayne Marshall
- Prenatal Assessment Center at Forsyth, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bethany Settle
- Prenatal Assessment Center at Forsyth, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chad Haldeman-Englert
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Fullerton Genetics Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in pediatric urinary tract imaging include development of alternative imaging methods without use of ionizing radiation; evolving understanding of the relationship of urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, and renal scarring, including the important role of dysfunctional voiding; development of a consensus nomenclature and risk-based classification for fetal and antenatal urinary tract dilation; advances in the understanding of sporadic and inherited renal cystic disease; and a proposed modification of the Bosniak criteria for distinguishing complex renal cysts from cystic renal tumors in children.
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Rickard M, Lorenzo AJ, Braga LH, Munoz C. Parenchyma-to-hydronephrosis Area Ratio Is a Promising Outcome Measure to Quantify Upper Tract Changes in Infants With High-grade Prenatal Hydronephrosis. Urology 2017; 104:166-171. [PMID: 28111223 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the value of renal parenchyma-to-hydronephrosis area ratio (PHAR) in detecting trends of hydronephrosis (HN) improvement or worsening and response to surgical intervention. METHODS Initial and follow-up sagittal renal ultrasound images of patients entered into a prenatal HN database from 2008 to 2016, with baseline Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grades III and IV HN and without vesicoureteral reflux, were evaluated using National Institutes of Health-sponsored image-processing software. Renal parenchymal area, hydronephrosis area (HA), PHAR, anteroposterior diameter (APd), and SFU grade were captured at baseline and most recent visit. Data were analyzed based on the need for surgical intervention to address obstruction. RESULTS Out of 193 infants (159 boys; 135 left side), 58 (30%) underwent surgery. Patients managed surgically compared with those managed nonsurgically had worse baseline HN severity markers: SFU grade (3.6 ± 0.5 vs 3.1 ± 0.4; P <.001), urinary tract dilation classification (2.7 ± 0.5 vs 2.2 ± 0.4; P <.001), APd (20.3 ± 10.1 vs 12.8 ± 8.0; P <.001), HA (10.0 ± 6.6 vs 4.7 ± 2.8; P <.001), and PHAR (1.3 ± 1.0 vs 3.0 ± 2.9; P <.001); but both patient groups had similar renal parenchymal area (9.4 ± 3.5 vs 9.7 ± 2.8; P = .5). At last follow-up, the following discrepancies persisted: SFU grade (2.3 ± 1.0 vs 1.7 ± 1.0; P <.001), urinary tract dilation classification (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.0 ± 0.7; P <.001), APd (11.7 ± 8.0 vs 7.7 ± 5.7; P <.001), and HA (6.4 ± 5.1 vs 3.6 ± 2.7; P <.001); however, PHAR was equalized for both groups (7.2 ± 14.0 vs 7.1 ± 6.1; P = .9). CONCLUSION By concurrently considering changes in renal parenchyma and degree of HN, we found that PHAR appears to be a promising parameter that reflects similarities between patients managed surgically and those managed nonsurgically, despite initial discrepancies. Our data suggest that this variable may provide reassurance and a more objective assessment of improvement after surgery compared with other traditional ultrasound outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Rickard
- Department of Surgery and McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Canada
| | - Armando J Lorenzo
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Luis H Braga
- Department of Surgery and McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Canada
| | - Caroline Munoz
- Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Canada
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256
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Conversion and reliability of two urological grading systems in infants: the Society for Fetal Urology and the urinary tract dilatation classifications system. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:65-73. [PMID: 27725992 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The urinary tract dilation (UTD) classification system was proposed in 2014. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correspondence and reliability of two US grading systems for postnatal urinary tract dilatation in infants: the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) and the UTD systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assessed 180 kidneys in infants younger than 1 year. Four radiologists assessed the kidneys twice using both the SFU system (grades 0 to 4) and the UTD system (grades normal, P1, P2, P3). The SFU system was re-categorized into SFU-A (grades 0, 1-2, 3, 4) and into SFU-B (grades 0-1, 2, 3, 4). The Cohen kappa statistic was used for estimating agreement of both UTD-SFU-A and UTD-SFU-B. RESULTS The Cohen kappa was significantly higher between UTD and SFU-B as compared to the UTD and SFU-A (0.75 vs. 0.50, P < 0.001). Intra-observer agreement was similar for the two grading systems (SFU 0.64-0.88 vs. UTD 0.48-0.92, P = 0.050-0.885). SFU grades 2 and 3 showed fair to moderate inter-observer agreement and corresponding UTD grades P1 and P2 showed moderate to substantial agreement. The overall inter-observer agreement was significantly higher for the UTD system than for the SFU system during the first assessment (95% confidence interval [CI]: right kidney, -0.069 to -0.062; left kidney, -0.048 to -0.043). CONCLUSION Correspondence between the systems was poor using a recommended re-categorization (SFU-A). An alternative re-categorization (SFU-B) was found to be more appropriate for establishing correspondence between the systems. Both systems were reliable, with good intra- and inter-observer agreement for the assessment of infant kidneys, but the UTD system had better inter-observer agreement.
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Riccabona M, Lobo ML, Ording-Muller LS, Thomas Augdal A, Fred Avni E, Blickman J, Bruno C, Damasio B, Darge K, Ntoulia A, Papadopoulou F, Vivier PH. European Society of Paediatric Radiology abdominal imaging task force recommendations in paediatric uroradiology, part IX: Imaging in anorectal and cloacal malformation, imaging in childhood ovarian torsion, and efforts in standardising paediatric uroradiology terminology. Pediatr Radiol 2017; 47:1369-1380. [PMID: 28852767 PMCID: PMC5574969 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-017-3837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At the occasion of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) annual meeting 2015 in Graz, Austria, the newly termed ESPR abdominal (gastrointestinal and genitourinary) imaging task force set out to complete the suggestions for paediatric urogenital imaging and procedural recommendations. Some of the last missing topics were addressed and proposals on imaging of children with anorectal and cloacal malformations and suspected ovarian torsion were issued after intense discussions and a consensus finding process that considered all evidence. Additionally, the terminology was adapted to fit new developments introducing the term pelvicalyceal dilatation/distension (PCD) instead of the sometimes misunderstood hydronephrosis. The present state of paediatric urogenital radiology was discussed in a dedicated minisymposium, including an attempt to adapt terminology to create a standardised glossary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riccabona
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital LKH Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Maria-Luisa Lobo
- 0000 0001 2295 9747grid.411265.5Department of Radiology, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lil-Sofie Ording-Muller
- 0000 0004 0389 8485grid.55325.34Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Unit for Paediatric Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Thomas Augdal
- 0000 0004 4689 5540grid.412244.5Department of Radiology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
| | - E. Fred Avni
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, CHRU de Lille, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Johan Blickman
- grid.438870.0Department of Radiology, Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Constanza Bruno
- 0000 0004 1756 948Xgrid.411475.2Radiology Institute, Department of Radiology, AOUI, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Damasio
- 0000 0004 1760 0109grid.419504.dDepartment of Radiology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kassa Darge
- Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Akaterina Ntoulia
- Department of Radiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Pierre-Hugues Vivier
- Radiologie, Hôpital Privé de l’ Estuaire, 505 rue Irène Joliot Curie, Le Havre, France
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Guerrero-Tinoco GA, Villafañe-Bermúdez DR, Vélez-Echeverri C. Inmunosupresores y principales complicaciones en el trasplante renal pediátrico. IATREIA 2017. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.iatreia.v30n1a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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259
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Scalabre A, Demède D, Gaillard S, Pracros JP, Mouriquand P, Mure PY. Prognostic Value of Ultrasound Grading Systems in Prenatally Diagnosed Unilateral Urinary Tract Dilatation. J Urol 2016; 197:1144-1149. [PMID: 27916713 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the prognostic value of anteroposterior intrasinus diameter of the renal pelvis, urinary tract dilatation and the Society for Fetal Urology grading system in children with prenatally diagnosed unilateral urinary tract dilatation. MATERIALS AND METHODS All newborns with prenatally diagnosed unilateral urinary tract dilatation, normal bladder and anteroposterior intrasinus diameter 10 mm or greater on the first postnatal ultrasonography were prospectively enrolled from January 2011 to February 2015. Indications for surgery were recurrent febrile urinary tract infections and/or decrease of relative renal function more than 10% on serial isotope studies and/or increasing anteroposterior intrasinus diameter greater than 20% on serial ultrasounds. Sensitivity, specificity and ROC curves were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of anteroposterior intrasinus diameter, urinary tract dilatation and Society for Fetal Urology grading system in determining which children would need surgery within 24 months. RESULTS A total of 57 males and 13 females were included. Of the patients 33 required surgery at a median age of 5 months (IQR 3.8 to 6.4). Urinary tract dilatation remained stable in 14 cases and decreased in 23 with a median followup of 42 months (IQR 25 to 67). Anteroposterior intrasinus diameter, urinary tract dilatation and Society for Fetal Urology scores were all correlated with the need for surgery. Anteroposterior intrasinus diameter with a threshold of 20 mm had the best prognostic value, with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 91.7%. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that the prognostic value was comparable between anteroposterior intrasinus diameter of the renal pelvis, urinary tract dilatation and Society for Fetal Urology grading system in newborns with prenatally diagnosed unilateral urinary tract dilatation. Anteroposterior intrasinus diameter and abnormal parenchymal thickness are the most important ultrasound criteria to identify children at risk for requiring surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Scalabre
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital-University Hospital of Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Delphine Demède
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital-University Hospital of Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ségolène Gaillard
- Epicime-Clinical Investigation Center 1407 de Lyon, Inserm, Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Lyon, Bron, France; Laboratory of Biometrics and Evolutionary Biology, National Center for Scientific Research, UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pracros
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital-University Hospital of Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Mouriquand
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital-University Hospital of Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Mure
- Pediatric Surgery Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital-University Hospital of Lyon and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Horst M, Mazzone L, Schraner T, Bodmer C, Möhrlen U, Meuli M, Gobet R. Prenatal myelomeningocele repair: Do bladders better? Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:1651-1658. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Horst
- Division of Pediatric Urology; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Luca Mazzone
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schraner
- Diagnostic Imaging; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christine Bodmer
- Division of Pediatric Urology; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ueli Möhrlen
- The Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Meuli
- The Zurich Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Rita Gobet
- Division of Pediatric Urology; University Children's Hospital; Zurich Switzerland
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261
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Rickard M, Lorenzo AJ, Braga LH. Renal Parenchyma to Hydronephrosis Area Ratio (PHAR) as a Predictor of Future Surgical Intervention for Infants With High-grade Prenatal Hydronephrosis. Urology 2016; 101:85-89. [PMID: 27713070 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential value of an objective assessment, renal parenchyma to hydronephrosis area ratio (PHAR), as an early predictor of surgery. METHODS Initial sagittal renal ultrasound (US) images of patients prospectively entered into a prenatal hydronephrosis database from January 2008 to January 2016 with baseline Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grades III and IV prenatal hydronephrosis, without vesicoureteral reflux, were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health-sponsored image processing software. PHAR, anteroposterior diameter, SFU grade, and urinary tract dilation risk categories were contrasted with nuclear scan data (differential renal function and drainage time [t1/2]) and analyzed for predictive value in determining the decision to proceed with surgery by drawing receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Out of 196 infants (162 male; 138 left sided hydronephrosis), 58 (30%) underwent surgery to address obstruction. Surgical patients compared with those managed conservatively had longer t1/2 (60 vs 18 min; P < .01) and lower differential renal function (46 vs 50%; P = .01). Of the initial US parameters, PHAR (area under the curve = 0.816; P < .001) had a better predictive performance than anteroposterior diameter, SFU grade, or urinary tract dilation classification. PHAR values correlated with subsequent parameters obtained on nuclear scan. CONCLUSION PHAR is a promising parameter that can be estimated on presentation US to help predict future need for surgery in newborns with high-grade hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Rickard
- Department of Surgery and McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armando J Lorenzo
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Luis H Braga
- Department of Surgery and McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Urology Research Enterprise (CURE) Program, McMaster Children's Hospital, Ontario, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
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262
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Chalmers DJ, Meyers ML, Brodie KE, Palmer C, Campbell JB. Inter-rater reliability of the APD, SFU and UTD grading systems in fetal sonography and MRI. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:305.e1-305.e5. [PMID: 27567594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is frequently detected on screening obstetric ultrasonography. Common ANH grading systems include the anterior-posterior diameter (APD) and the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system. Recent developments in the management of ANH include the use of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a new grading system - Urinary Tract Dilation (UTD). This study reviewed patients who underwent fetal MRI and ultrasound, and compared the grading systems across these imaging modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent paired fetal MRI and ultrasound studies between January 2012 and January 2014 were included. Two pediatric urologists and a pediatric radiologist reviewed the studies. Data collected included APD, SFU grade, and UTD grade. Fleiss' kappa statistic determined the inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the SFU and UTD grading within each imaging modality. Intra-class correlation assessed the consistency of the APD measurements. RESULTS Forty-seven patients and 88 renal units were evaluated. Median gestational age was 22 weeks. Kappa values of the SFU grading system indicated fair IRR for ultrasound imaging and moderate IRR for MRI imaging, while the UTD grading system reached moderate IRR for both. The IRR of the SFU grading system was improved with the use of MRI, while the UTD grading system was no different. The APD intraclass correlation coefficient improved significantly when measured by MRI. As the ultrasound SFU grade increased, the odds of the MRI SFU grade being scored higher increased by a factor of 3.7. There was no difference between ultrasound and MRI when using the UTD grading system. DISCUSSION This study was the first to assess the UTD system in a cohort of patients who underwent paired ultrasound and MRI studies. The results suggested that the UTD system might improve IRR, compared with the SFU system. The use of fetal MRI may improve the IRR of the SFU grading system. It also found that the proportion of SFU grades was affected by the imaging modality, raising the possibility that MRI 'overcalls' the SFU grade, compared with ultrasound. This difference was not observed using the UTD grading system. The most important limitation was the selection bias favoring complex pathology with severe ANH diagnosed at an early gestational age. CONCLUSIONS In this unique cohort, the UTD system improved IRR when compared to the SFU grading system. Fetal MRI improved the IRR of the SFU grading system, and improved the APD intraclass correlation. The SFU grading was likely to be higher when assessed by MRI vs ultrasound, but the UTD grade was not affected by the imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Chalmers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Maine Medical Center and Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Portland, USA.
| | - M L Meyers
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - K E Brodie
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - C Palmer
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Research and Design, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
| | - J B Campbell
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, USA
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Andrés-Jensen L, Jørgensen FS, Thorup J, Flachs J, Madsen JL, Maroun LL, Nørgaard P, Vinicoff PG, Olsen BH, Cortes D. The outcome of antenatal ultrasound diagnosed anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in a large Danish birth cohort. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:819-24. [PMID: 27217581 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antenatal ultrasound diagnosed anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (AUDAKUT) are reported in 0.3%-5% on prenatal ultrasound (US) and 0.3%-4.5% on postnatal US. The anterior-posterior diameter of the renal pelvis (APD) is an essential measurement. Series with low threshold values of APD prenatally and postnatally will include healthy infants. It is important to avoid follow-up of such infants. INTERVENTIONS In 2006, new Danish guidelines for AUDAKUT were introduced. AIM OF STUDY Investigations of incidences and type of AUDAKUT based on Danish guidelines, including long-term follow-up. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre and Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark. PATIENTS Consecutive cases with AUDAKUT in the second and third trimesters, which were either terminated before 22 completed weeks of gestation or born in the 8-year period January 2006-December 2013. Patients were followed until June 2014. RESULTS 50 193 live born children and 24 terminated fetuses (0.05%) were included. The prevalence of AUDAKUT was only 0.39% prenatally, 0.29% at first postnatal US and 0.22% at the end of follow-up, including terminated cases. The greater the prenatal and postnatal APD, the higher risk of febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) and surgical intervention, and lower probability of resolution. 25% of the identified patients had fUTI and/or surgery. CONCLUSIONS We recommend threshold values of APD at least 10 mm in the third trimester and in general at least 12 mm at first postnatal US for intensive follow-up. In this largest to date unselected birth cohort of AUDAKUT, the incidences of clinically significant AUDAKUT were in the lowest range of those previously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Andrés-Jensen
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Finn Stener Jørgensen
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorgen Thorup
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Paediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Flachs
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Lysgaard Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Leth Maroun
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Nørgaard
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pablo Gustavo Vinicoff
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beth Härstedt Olsen
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Paediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Braga LH, McGrath M, Farrokhyar F, Jegatheeswaran K, Lorenzo AJ. Associations of Initial Society for Fetal Urology Grades and Urinary Tract Dilatation Risk Groups with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Isolated Prenatal Hydronephrosis. J Urol 2016; 197:831-837. [PMID: 27590478 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are limited comparative data on the predictive value of the 2 most commonly used classification systems, that is SFU (Society for Fetal Urology) hydronephrosis grades and urinary tract dilatation risk groups, in regard to the future risk of surgical intervention and the development of febrile urinary tract infection. We explored this topic in infants with isolated hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS After screening 938 patients with prenatal hydronephrosis from 2009 to 2016 we selected 322 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction-like hydronephrosis for study. Hydronephrosis grades were prospectively collected at baseline, surgery and last followup. Gender, circumcision status, antibiotic prophylaxis and renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter were captured. The primary outcome was pyeloplasty and the development of febrile urinary tract infection. Comparative analyses between SFU grades/urinary tract dilatation groups and the primary outcome were performed with the Fisher exact and log rank tests. RESULTS Mean ± SD age at presentation was 3.3 ± 2.6 months and mean followup was 22 ± 19 months. Pyeloplasty was performed in 32% of patients with SFU III/IV vs 31% with urinary tract dilatation 2/3. The rate of febrile urinary tract infection in patients with SFU III/IV was similar to that in those with urinary tract dilatation group 2/3 (8% vs 10%). Children with SFU III/IV showed a significantly higher rate of surgery than those with SFU I/II (32% vs 2%, p <0.01). Similar findings were seen when using urinary tract dilatation groups to compare patients at low risk (1) vs moderate/high risk (2/3). CONCLUSIONS Both grading systems equally allowed for proper risk stratification and prediction of clinical outcomes based on baseline ultrasound. They correctly separated most infants who underwent surgery or in whom febrile urinary tract infection developed from those who could be treated nonsurgically. Use of the new urinary tract dilatation classification should not affect how families of children with isolated hydronephrosis are counseled regarding surgical intervention and the risk of febrile urinary tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Braga
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melissa McGrath
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Forough Farrokhyar
- Office of Surgical Research Services, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kizanee Jegatheeswaran
- McMaster Pediatric Surgery Research Collaborative, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armando J Lorenzo
- Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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265
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Zee RS, Herbst KW, Kim C, McKenna PH, Bentley T, Cooper CS, Herndon CDA. Urinary tract infections in children with prenatal hydronephrosis: A risk assessment from the Society for Fetal Urology Hydronephrosis Registry. J Pediatr Urol 2016; 12:261.e1-7. [PMID: 27290614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children with prenatal hydronephrosis (PNH) are not clearly defined. Our study aim was to describe incidence and identify factors associated with UTI among a cohort of children diagnosed with PNH. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with confirmed PNH from four medical centers were prospectively enrolled in the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) hydronephrosis registry between 9/2008 and 10/2015. Exclusion criteria included enrollment because of UTI, associated congenital anomalies, and less than 1-month follow-up. Univariate analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact test or Mann-Whitney U. Probability for UTI was determined by Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS Median follow-up was 12 (IQR 4-20) months in 213 patients prenatally diagnosed with hydronephrosis. The majority of the cohort was male (72%), Caucasian (77%), and 26% had high grade (SFU 3 or 4) hydronephrosis. Circumcision was performed in 116/147 (79%) with known status, 19% had vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and 11% had ureteral dilatation. UTI developed in 8% (n = 18), 89% during their first year of life. Univariate analysis found UTI developed more frequently in females (p < 0.001), uncircumcised males (p < 0.01), and the presence of parenchymal renal cyst (p < 0.05). Logistic regression found renal cyst to no longer be significant, but female gender a significant risk factor for development of UTI (p < 0.001). Regression analysis stratified by gender found neither hydronephrosis grade nor parenchymal renal cyst to be significant risk factors for UTI development among females. However, hydronephrosis grade and circumcision status were significant risk factors for development of UTI among males (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Identification of factors associated with UTI in patients with PNH is still progressing; however, several observational studies have identified groups that may be at increased risk of UTI. Use of prophylactic antibiotics (PA), degree of kidney dilation, gender, and circumcision status all have been reported to have some degree of impact on UTI. A previous study identified risk factors for UTI as female gender, uncircumcised status, hydroureteronephrosis, and VUR, and reported that prophylaxis provided a protective effect on prevention of UTI. Our data mirror those in some respect, identifying an association of UTI with female gender and, among males, uncircumcised status, and high grade hydronephrosis. However, we were unable to demonstrate an association between UTI and the use of PA, presence of VUR, dilated ureter, or renal duplication in this observational registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Zee
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine W Herbst
- Division of Urology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Christina Kim
- Division of Urology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Division of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Patrick H McKenna
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tom Bentley
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher S Cooper
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C D Anthony Herndon
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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266
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Comparative Outcome Analysis of Children Who Underwent Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Associated With or Without Supranormal Differential Renal Function. Urology 2016; 99:210-214. [PMID: 27450350 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare pyeloplasty outcomes in children with and without "supra-normal" differential renal function (SNDRF) defined as >55% differential renal function (DRF) in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. METHODS Our prospectively collected pyeloplasty database (2008-2015) was reviewed (n = 151). A total of 140/151 (93%) patients had preoperative renograms and 26/140 (19%) were found to have SNDRF (DRF ≥ 55%). Of 151 patients, 51 (34%) had pre- and postoperative renograms allowing determination of change ≥5% in function. After excluding 2 patients with solitary kidneys, a total of 49 patients defined the study group. RESULTS Of 49 patients, 12 had SNDRF and 37 did not. Baseline characteristics were similar including mean age at surgery (47.3 months vs 45.4 months) and time to surgery (8.7 months vs 9.8 months). Mean preoperative anteroposterior diameter was significantly different between groups (23.2 mm vs 31.0 mm; P = .04), but postoperative was similar (9.0 mm vs 12.1 mm; P = .14). Mean preoperative DRF was 60.2% in the SNDRF group vs 44.3% in the non-SNDRF. Mean postoperative DRF was 52.4% and 45.3%, respectively (P = .04). There were 9/12 (75%) SNDRF patients who experienced ≥5% loss in function compared to 2/37 (5%) in the non-SNDRF group (P < .01). CONCLUSION Three-quarters of SNDRF patients demonstrated a decline of ≥5%DRF postoperatively when compared to non-SNDRF. This finding may not reflect true elevated renal function, but rather hyperfiltration in the setting of obstruction, which-if unrecognized as such-could result in postponing an otherwise beneficial surgical intervention.
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267
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Silay MS, Spinoit AF, Bogaert G, Hoebeke P, Nijman R, Haid B. Imaging for Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction. Eur Urol Focus 2016; 2:130-138. [PMID: 28723527 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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268
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Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. Diagnosis and subsequent management of VUR have become increasingly controversial, with differing opinions over which children should be evaluated for reflux, and when detected, who should undergo treatment. Management goals include prevention of recurrent febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) and renal injury while minimizing the morbidity of treatment and follow-up. Management options include observation with or without continuous antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical correction via endoscopic, open or laparoscopic/robotic approaches. Management should be individualized and based on patient age, health, risk of subsequent renal injury, clinical course, renal function, and parental preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Arlen
- Departments of Urology and Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, 3RCP, Iowa City, IA, 52242-1089, USA,
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269
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prenatal detection of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) has permitted the early management of these conditions. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the management of neonates with antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH). RECENT FINDINGS In spite of the continuous advances in the understanding of the genetic basis, clinical course, and outcomes of CAKUT, there are still many controversies regarding the clinical significance, postnatal evaluation, and management of neonates with ANH. Mild ANH will often resolve spontaneously, whereas moderate to severe ANH is frequently associated with CAKUT. SUMMARY ANH is a surrogate marker of potential congenital renal anomalies, but usually cannot identify a specific disease. A multidisciplinary team approach is required to diagnose and treat these complex disorders. Currently nonsurgical management of CAKUT should be considered whenever possible for infants with ANH.
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270
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Assmus MA, Kiddoo DA, Hung RW, Metcalfe PD. Initially Asymmetrical Function on MAG3 Renography Increases Incidence of Adverse Outcomes. J Urol 2016; 195:1196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Assmus
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darcie A. Kiddoo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan W. Hung
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter D. Metcalfe
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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271
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Hodhod A, Capolicchio JP, Jednak R, El-Sherif E, El-Doray AEA, El-Sherbiny M. Evaluation of Urinary Tract Dilation Classification System for Grading Postnatal Hydronephrosis. J Urol 2015; 195:725-30. [PMID: 26527513 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the reliability and validity of the Urinary Tract Dilation classification system as a new grading system for postnatal hydronephrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients who presented with hydronephrosis from 2008 to 2013. We included patients diagnosed prenatally and those with hydronephrosis discovered incidentally during the first year of life. We excluded cases involving urinary tract infection, neurogenic bladder and chromosomal anomalies, those associated with extraurinary congenital malformations and those with followup of less than 24 months without resolution. Hydronephrosis was graded postnatally using the Society for Fetal Urology system, and then the management protocol was chosen. All units were regraded using the Urinary Tract Dilation classification system and compared to the Society for Fetal Urology system to assess reliability. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the validity of the Urinary Tract Dilation classification system in predicting hydronephrosis resolution and surgical intervention. RESULTS A total of 490 patients (730 renal units) were eligible to participate. The Urinary Tract Dilation classification system was reliable in the assessment of hydronephrosis (parallel forms 0.92). Hydronephrosis resolved in 357 units (49%), and 86 units (12%) were managed by surgical intervention. The remainder of renal units demonstrated stable or improved hydronephrosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that the likelihood of surgical intervention was predicted independently by Urinary Tract Dilation classification system risk group, while Society for Fetal Urology grades were predictive of likelihood of resolution. CONCLUSIONS The Urinary Tract Dilation classification system is reliable for evaluation of postnatal hydronephrosis and is valid in predicting surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hodhod
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt.
| | - John-Paul Capolicchio
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roman Jednak
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eid El-Sherif
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Alim El-Doray
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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272
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Liu DB, Palmer B, Herndon CDA, Maizels M. Teaching of the Society for Fetal Urology grading system for pediatric hydronephrosis is improved by e-Learning using Computer Enhanced Visual Learning (CEVL): A multi-institutional trial. J Pediatr Urol 2015; 11:184.e1-8. [PMID: 26129964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is unclear how clinicians learn to grade pediatric hydronephrosis (HN) and how effective their training has been. We sought to: 1. Assess how clinicians learn to grade HN and their confidence in their training and abilities and 2. To assess Computer Enhanced Visual Learning (CEVL) e-Learning to learn the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system for pediatric HN. METHODS AND MATERIALS A multi-institutional online survey was distributed to pediatric urologists, nephrologists, and radiologists. Respondents used a 6-point Likert scale (0 = not confident to 5 = very confident) to assess their confidence in knowledge of the criteria, indications, and ability to grade HN, and how they learned to grade. Participants assigned SFU grades to 15 neonatal ultrasounds (US). A CEVL module on the SFU grading system was accessed and a post-CEVL survey completed. Changes in confidence and accuracy of grading were compared before and after CEVL e-Learning. RESULTS The most common method of learning was "casually during training" (44.5%). Significant increases in confidence in knowledge of criteria, indications, and ability to grade, as well as the accuracy of grading were seen following CEVL e-Learning (Figure A and B). DISCUSSION Although the SFU grading system is considered the predominant grading system for HN, its application in clinical practice has been inconsistent. While this may be due to the grading system itself, it is possible that deficient training and confidence are the root causes. Our data supports this by demonstrating that most clinicians receive only casual training and accordingly, report low confidence in their knowledge and ability to grade HN. Therefore, we conclude that there exists a strong need to improve the teaching of the SFU grading system. e-Learning has been shown to be effective in teaching difficult topics and skills. We demonstrate that e-Learning with CEVL is effective in increasing both the confidence and accuracy of SFU grading of pediatric HN. Limitations of our study include a small sample size, low response rate, and discrepant participation. Furthermore, we did not assess the extent to which the CEVL module was used or include a control group learning through traditional means. Therefore, we were unable to evaluate the efficiency of learning or be certain that the improvements seen were derived exclusively from CEVL. CONCLUSION Current training in SFU grading of HN is mostly unstructured and inaccurate grading is common. Learners who use CEVL show improvements in their confidence and ability to SFU grade HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis B Liu
- Division of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 24, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Blake Palmer
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 920 Stanton L. Young Blvd, W.P. 3150, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - C D Anthony Herndon
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 800422 Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Max Maizels
- Division of Urology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Ave., Box 24, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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273
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Dos Santos J, Parekh RS, Piscione TD, Hassouna T, Figueroa V, Gonima P, Vargas I, Farhat W, Rosenblum ND. A New Grading System for the Management of Antenatal Hydronephrosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:1783-90. [PMID: 26231195 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.12861214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Standard clinical assessments do not predict surgical intervention in patients with a moderate degree of upper tract hydronephrosis. This study investigated whether combined measures of renal calyceal dilation and anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelvis at the first postnatal ultrasound better predict surgical intervention beyond standard assessments of the APD or Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grading system. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A retrospective cohort of 348 children with antenatal hydronephrosis followed from 2003 to 2013 were studied. Using Cox regression, the risk for surgery by APD, SFU, and combined grading on the basis of the first postnatal ultrasound was calculated. The predictive capability of each grading system for surgery was determined by calculating the positive likelihood ratio (LR+). RESULTS The combination of APD≥6-9 mm and diffuse caliectasis had a hazard ratio (HR) of 19.5 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.94 to 96.9) versus 0.59 (95% CI, 0.05 to 6.53) for APD≥6-9 mm alone and a similar risk of 8.9 for SFU grade 3 (95% CI, 3.84 to 20.9). The combination of APD≥9-15 mm and diffuse caliectasis had an HR of 18.7 (95% CI, 4.36 to 80.4) versus 1.75 (95% CI, 0.29 to 10.5) for APD≥9-15 mm alone. The LR+ for surgery for diffuse caliectasis and APD≥6-9 mm was higher than for APD≥6-9 mm alone (HR=2.62; 95% CI, 0.87 to 7.94 versus HR=0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.32) and was higher for APD≥9-15 mm and diffuse caliectasis than APD≥9-15 mm alone (HR=2.0; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.45 versus HR=0.14; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.43). Both combined groups of moderate hydronephrosis (APD≥6-9 mm or ≥9-15 mm with diffuse caliectasis) had only slightly higher LR+ than SFU grade 3 (HR=1.89; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest a grading system combining APD and diffuse caliectasis distinguishes those children with moderate degrees of upper tract hydronephrosis that are at higher risk of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Dos Santos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Rulan S Parekh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, and
| | - Tino D Piscione
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - Tarek Hassouna
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victor Figueroa
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula Gonima
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isis Vargas
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walid Farhat
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children,
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274
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Chow JS, Darge K. Multidisciplinary consensus on the classification of antenatal and postnatal urinary tract dilation (UTD classification system). Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:787-9. [PMID: 25763537 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-015-3305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne S Chow
- Departments of Radiology and Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02116, USA,
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275
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Lyons K, Cassady C, Mehollin-Ray A, Krishnamurthy R. Current Role of Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Body Anomalies. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:310-23. [PMID: 26296482 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fetal MR body applications have become more common in recent years as both in utero therapies, including fetoscopic surgery, and improvements in perinatal care have increased the demand for precise antenatal anatomic detail. This article discusses the variety of fast imaging sequences available to the fetal imager and describes their applications to both common and unusual congenital pathologies, including of the neck, chest, abdomen/pelvis and musculoskeletal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lyons
- EB Singleton Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Texas Children׳s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher Cassady
- EB Singleton Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Texas Children׳s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Amy Mehollin-Ray
- EB Singleton Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Texas Children׳s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Rajesh Krishnamurthy
- EB Singleton Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Texas Children׳s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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