251
|
Torno C, Staats S, Pascual-Teresa SD, Rimbach G, Schulz C. Fatty Acid Profile Is Modulated by Dietary Resveratrol in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E252. [PMID: 28800114 PMCID: PMC5577606 DOI: 10.3390/md15080252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To produce fish of a high quality that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) and simultaneously generate more sustainable aquaculture, the combined use of phytochemicals and vegetable oils in fish feed seems to be a promising approach. Resveratrol (RV) potentially induces endogenous fatty acid synthesis, resulting in elevated n-3 FA levels in fish. RV putatively influences ∆6-desaturase, the key enzyme in FA metabolism, and serves as a ligand for PPARα, a transcription factor regulating β-oxidation. Rainbow trout (36.35 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into six groups and fed diets with reduced fish oil levels (F4 = 4%, F2 = 2% and F0 = 0% of dry matter) supplemented with 0.3% (w/w) RV (F4 + RV, F2 + RV and F0 + RV). RV significantly affected FA composition in liver tissue and whole fish homogenates. 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) were significantly increased whereas precursor FA were diminished in fish fed the F2 + RV and F0 + RV diets when compared to F4 + RV and F0. RV significantly elevated ∆6-desaturase protein levels in the livers of F0 + RV fed animals. Hepatic mRNA expression of ∆6-desaturase, PPARα, and its target genes were affected by the dietary fish oil level and not by dietary RV. The results of this study indicated a potential benefit of supplementing RV in fish oil deprived diets elevating n-3 FA levels in rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Torno
- GMA-Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Carsten Schulz
- GMA-Gesellschaft für Marine Aquakultur mbH, Hafentörn 3, 25761 Büsum, Germany.
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
252
|
Leng S, Winter T, Aukema HM. Dietary LA and sex effects on oxylipin profiles in rat kidney, liver, and serum differ from their effects on PUFAs. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1702-1712. [PMID: 28667077 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m078097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast literature on fatty acids in mammals exists, but comparable compositional data on oxylipins is lacking. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were therefore provided control diets or diets with higher linoleic acid (LA) or with higher LA and α-linolenic acid (LA+ALA) for 6 weeks. Kidneys, livers, and serum were analyzed for oxylipins and fatty acids. The proportion of tissue oxylipins derived from LA was greater than the relative proportion of LA itself, whereas arachidonic acid (AA) oxylipins were overrepresented in serum. Higher dietary LA increased kidney LA and AA oxylipins, despite not altering LA or AA. In liver, both LA and AA and their oxylipins were higher, whereas in serum only LA oxylipins were higher with higher dietary LA. Higher LA resulted in a higher ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA-derived oxylipins; adding ALA to the LA diet mitigated this and many, but not all, effects of the LA diet. Approximately 40% of oxylipins detected were influenced by sex and, unlike their PUFA precursors, most (>90%) of these were higher in males. These differences in dietary LA and sex on oxylipin and fatty acid profiles further our understanding of the effects of fatty acids and may have implications for dietary LA recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Leng
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
253
|
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Critical Illness: Anti-Inflammatory, Proresolving, or Both? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5987082. [PMID: 28694914 PMCID: PMC5488236 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5987082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis and outcomes of critically ill patients are strictly related with inflammatory status. Inflammation involves a multitude of interactions between different cell types and chemical mediators. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly represented by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are able to inhibit different pathways including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and interactions, and production of inflammatory cytokines, through the action of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs from omega-6 fatty acids, such as lipoxins, and from omega-3 fatty acids such as resolvins, protectins, and maresins, act in reducing/resolving the inflammatory process in critical diseases, stimulating the phases of resolution of inflammation. In this light, the resolution of inflammation is nowadays considered as an active process, instead of a passive process. In critical illness, SPMs regulate the excessive posttrauma inflammatory response, protecting organs from damage. This review focuses on the role of omega-3 PUFAs as pharma nutrition agents in acute inflammatory conditions, highlighting their effects as anti-inflammatory or proresolving agents.
Collapse
|
254
|
|
255
|
Zhou Y, Fang X, Gong Y, Xiao A, Xie Y, Liu L, Cao Y. The Interactions between ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) and α-Linolenic Acid (LNA) Complexed to BSA Did Not Influence the Toxicity of ZnO NPs on HepG2 Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7040091. [PMID: 28441756 PMCID: PMC5408183 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) entering the biological environment could interact with biomolecules, but little is known about the interaction between unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and NPs. Methods: This study used α-linolenic acid (LNA) complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for UFA and HepG2 cells for hepatocytes. The interactions between BSA or LNA and ZnO NPs were studied. Results: The presence of BSA or LNA affected the hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and synchronous fluorescence spectra of ZnO NPs, which indicated an interaction between BSA or LNA and NPs. Exposure to ZnO NPs with the presence of BSA significantly induced the damage to mitochondria and lysosomes in HepG2 cells, associated with an increase of intracellular Zn ions, but not intracellular superoxide. Paradoxically, the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) was decreased, which indicated the anti-inflammatory effects of ZnO NPs when BSA was present. The presence of LNA did not significantly affect all of these endpoints in HepG2 cells exposed to ZnO NPs and BSA. Conclusions: the results from the present study indicated that BSA-complexed LNA might modestly interact with ZnO NPs, but did not significantly affect ZnO NPs and BSA-induced biological effects in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Xin Fang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Yu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Aiping Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Yixi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| |
Collapse
|
256
|
Lamonaca P, Prinzi G, Kisialiou A, Cardaci V, Fini M, Russo P. Metabolic Disorder in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: Towards a Personalized Approach Using Marine Drug Derivatives. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E81. [PMID: 28335527 PMCID: PMC5367038 DOI: 10.3390/md15030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorder has been frequently observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, the exact correlation between obesity, which is a complex metabolic disorder, and COPD remains controversial. The current study summarizes a variety of drugs from marine sources that have anti-obesity effects and proposed potential mechanisms by which lung function can be modulated with the anti-obesity activity. Considering the similar mechanism, such as inflammation, shared between obesity and COPD, the study suggests that marine derivatives that act on the adipose tissues to reduce inflammation may provide beneficial therapeutic effects in COPD subjects with high body mass index (BMI).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palma Lamonaca
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Prinzi
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Aliaksei Kisialiou
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Cardaci
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via della Pisana 235, I-00163 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Fini
- Scientific Direction, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Russo
- Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta 247, I-00166 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Korsholm AS, Kjær TN, Ornstrup MJ, Pedersen SB. Comprehensive Metabolomic Analysis in Blood, Urine, Fat, and Muscle in Men with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Resveratrol after Four Months' Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030554. [PMID: 28273841 PMCID: PMC5372570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol possesses several beneficial metabolic effects in rodents, while the effects of resveratrol in humans remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a non-targeted comprehensive metabolomic analysis on blood, urine, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle tissue in middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome randomized to either resveratrol or placebo treatment for four months. Changes in steroid hormones across all four matrices were the most pronounced changes observed. Resveratrol treatment reduced sulfated androgen precursors in blood, adipose tissue, and muscle tissue, and increased these metabolites in urine. Furthermore, markers of muscle turnover were increased and lipid metabolism was affected, with increased intracellular glycerol and accumulation of long-chain saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated (n3 and n6) free fatty acids in resveratrol-treated men. Finally, urinary derivatives of aromatic amino acids, which mainly reflect the composition of the gut microbiota, were altered upon resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, the non-targeted metabolomics approach applied to four different matrices provided evidence of subtle but robust effects on several metabolic pathways following resveratrol treatment for four months in men with metabolic syndrome—effects that, for the most part, would not have been detected by routine analyses. The affected pathways should be the focus of future clinical trials on resveratrol’s effects, and perhaps particularly the areas of steroid metabolism and the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sofie Korsholm
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Nordstrøm Kjær
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Marie Juul Ornstrup
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|