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Wang Y, Zhang R, Liu W. Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in ventilator-associated pneumonia at a local hospital of North-eastern China. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2249-2255. [PMID: 30519063 PMCID: PMC6239098 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s172598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and epidemiological characteristics of extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. Patients and methods Lower respiratory tract secretions from 156 patients with mechanical ventilation were collected using a protective specimen brush (PSB), with quantitative bacterial culture carried out and antibiotic sensitivity measured. ESBLs produced by Gram-negative bacilli were detected using the double disk diffusion method and monitored by plasmid profiles. Results Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 78.9% of VAP pathogens, with Acinetobacter baumannii (25%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%) as the most common strains. There were 12 Gram-positive strains detected (15.8%); mostly methicillin-resistant. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. There were also four strains of Candida albicans detected (5.26%). Most Gram-negative bacilli are sensitive to imipenem, but A. baumannii is serious resistant. ESBLs were detected in nine strains of Gram-negative bacilli; mainly produced by K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, to different degrees of multidrug resistance. Five strains of K. pneumoniae-producing ESBLs were from the same clonal origin, as confirmed by plasmid restriction endonuclease analysis. Conclusion VAP was mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, with high antibiotic resistance rates. Plasmids played an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, People's Republic of China,
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, People's Republic of China,
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Zeynudin A, Pritsch M, Schubert S, Messerer M, Liegl G, Hoelscher M, Belachew T, Wieser A. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli in Jimma, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:524. [PMID: 30342476 PMCID: PMC6196031 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have been reported in clinical isolates obtained from various hospitals in Ethiopia. However, there is no data on the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of CTX-M type ESBL produced by Gram-negative bacilli. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of the blaCTX-M genes and the susceptibility patterns in ESBL producing clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), southwest Ethiopia. Methods A total of 224 non-duplicate and pure isolates obtained from clinically apparent infections, were included in the study. Identification of the isolates was performed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Susceptibility testing and ESBL detection was performed using VITEK® 2, according to EUCAST v4.0 guidelines. Genotypic analysis was performed using Check-MDR CT103 Microarrays. Results Of the total 112 (50.0%) isolates screen positive for ESBLs, 63.4% (71/112) tested positive for ESBL encoding genes by Check-MDR array, which corresponds to 91.8% (67/73) of the total Enterobacteriaceae and 10.3% (4/39) of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli. Among the total ESBL gene positive isolates, 95.8% (68/71) carried blaCTX-M genes with CTX-M group 1 type15 being predominant (66/68; 97.1% of CTX-M genes). The blaCTX-M carrying Enterobacteriaceae (n = 64) isolates showed no resistance against imipenem and meropenem and a moderate resistance rate against tigecycline (14.1%), fosfomycin (10.9%) and amikacin (1.6%) suggesting the effectiveness of these antibiotics against most isolates. On the other hand, all the blaCTX-M positive Enterobacteriaceae showed a multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype with remarkable co-resistances (non-susceptibility rates) to aminoglycosides (92.2%), fluoroquinolones (78.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol (92.2%). Conclusions This study demonstrates a remarkably high prevalence of blaCTX-M genes among ESBL-producing isolates. The high level of resistance to β-lactam and non-β-lactam antibiotics as well as the trend to a MDR profile associated with the blaCTX-M genes are alarming and emphasize the need for routine diagnostic antimicrobial susceptibility testing for appropriate choice of antimicrobial therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3436-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zeynudin
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Center for International Health (CIH), University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Pritsch
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Sören Schubert
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Liegl
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Center for International Health (CIH), University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Tefara Belachew
- Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), 80802, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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Prevalence of Integrons and Insertion Sequences in ESBL-Producing E. coli Isolated from Different Sources in Navarra, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102308. [PMID: 30347800 PMCID: PMC6209886 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements play an important role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria among human and environmental sources. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and patterns of integrons and insertion sequences of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from different sources in Navarra, northern Spain. A total of 150 isolates coming from food products, farms and feeds, aquatic environments, and humans (healthy people and hospital inpatients), were analyzed. PCRs were applied for the study of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons (intI1, intI2, and intI3), as well as for the determination of insertion sequences (IS26, ISEcp1, ISCR1, and IS903). Results show the wide presence and dissemination of intI1 (92%), while intI3 was not detected. It is remarkable, the prevalence of intI2 among food isolates, as well as the co-existence of class 1 and class 2 (8% of isolates). The majority of isolates have two or three IS elements, with the most common being IS26 (99.4%). The genetic pattern IS26⁻ISEcp1 (related with the pathogen clone ST131) was present in the 22% of isolates (including human isolates). In addition, the combination ISEcp1⁻IS26⁻IS903⁻ISCR1 was detected in 11 isolates being, to our knowledge, the first study that describes this genetic complex. Due to the wide variability observed, no relationship was determined among these mobile genetic elements and β-lactam resistance. More investigations regarding the genetic composition of these elements are needed to understand the role of multiple types of integrons and insertion sequences on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes among different environments.
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V T Nair D, Venkitanarayanan K, Kollanoor Johny A. Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella in the Food Supply and the Potential Role of Antibiotic Alternatives for Control. Foods 2018; 7:E167. [PMID: 30314348 PMCID: PMC6210005 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most ubiquitous enteropathogenic bacterial species on earth, and comprises more than 2500 serovars. Widely known for causing non-typhoidal foodborne infections (95%), and enteric (typhoid) fever in humans, Salmonella colonizes almost all warm- and cold-blooded animals, in addition to its extra-animal environmental strongholds. The last few decades have witnessed the emergence of highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella, causing greater morbidity and mortality in humans. The emergence of several Salmonella serotypes resistant to multiple antibiotics in food animals underscores a significant food safety hazard. In this review, we discuss the various antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serotypes in food animals and the food supply, factors that contributed to their emergence, their antibiotic resistance mechanisms, the public health implications of their spread through the food supply, and the potential antibiotic alternatives for controlling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divek V T Nair
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA.
| | | | - Anup Kollanoor Johny
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA.
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Prevalence of β-haemolytic multi-drug resistant E. coli in cow and camel milk in Kenya. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-018-1187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance and clinico-bioinformatics approaches to address the problem of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in western Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14847. [PMID: 30287889 PMCID: PMC6172265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to genotypically characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from the western region of Saudi Arabia and to identify active antibiotics against these isolates using phenotypic and molecular modeling. In total, 211 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates recovered from heterogeneous clinical specimens were identified by MALDI-TOF. Thirty-two sequence types (STs) were identified from a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of ESBL-producing E. coli, including a novel ST (ST8162). The most common ST in the Saudi and expatriate population was ST131, followed by ST38. All the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), and >95% of the isolates were resistant to third-generation (ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) and fourth-generation (cefepime) cephalosporins. The ESBL-positive E. coli isolates primarily harbored the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. No resistance was observed against the carbapenem antibiotic group. All the ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were observed to be susceptible to a ceftazidime/avibactam combination. Molecular interaction analyses of the docked complexes revealed the amino acid residues crucial for the binding of antibiotics and inhibitors to the modeled CTX-M-15 enzyme. Importantly, avibactam displayed the most robust interaction with CTX-M-15 among the tested inhibitors in the docked state (∆G = −6.6 kcal/mol). The binding free energy values for clavulanate, tazobactam and sulbactam were determined to be −5.7, −5.9 and −5.2 kcal/mol, respectively. Overall, the study concludes that ‘ceftazidime along with avibactam’ should be carefully used as a treatment option against only carbapenem-resistant MDR ESBL-producing E. coli in this region.
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Zeeshan Khan F, Nawaz T, Mirani ZA, Khan S, Raza Y, Kazmi SU. Study of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different hospitals in Karachi. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:1079-1082. [PMID: 30524683 PMCID: PMC6281064 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28807.6966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Escherichia coli is the key pathogen in the family producing ESBL (extended spectrum β-lactamase) and associated with community-acquired infections. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic E. coli, prevalence of the ESBL gene group and class 1 integrons. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli were isolated from different hospitals of Karachi. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer Methods. Presence of β- lactamases genes (CTX, TEM, and SHV) and integron 1 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Out of 500, 105 isolates were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic E. coli. The subject MDR isolates showed the highest resistance to aztreonam, amoxil/ clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, cefipime, and cefuroxime. Genetic analysis showed that the majority of the MDR E. coli carry CTX M1 (57.1%) followed by TEM (33.3%) and SHV (9.5%). Moreover, 79% of MDR E. coli harbored class 1 integrons, whereas all three conserved genes for class 1 integrons were present in 58% of MDR E. coli. CONCLUSION This study is helpful to provide information regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, distribution ESBLs and class 1 integrons among uropathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zulfiqar Ali Mirani
- Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Khan
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Raza
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile. Int J Microbiol 2018; 2018:4375164. [PMID: 30344610 PMCID: PMC6174782 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4375164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Banknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of contamination by pathogenic bacteria in Sudanese banknotes, determine the susceptibility of the isolated organisms towards commonly used antibiotics, and detect some antibiotic resistance genes. Methods This study was carried out using 135 samples of Sudanese banknotes of five different denominations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Sudanese pounds), which were collected randomly from hospitals, food sellers, and transporters in all three districts of Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman. Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes of some isolates were detected using PCR technique. Results All Sudanese banknotes were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be the most frequent isolate (23%), whereas Bacillus mycoides (15%) was the most abundant Gram-positive isolate. There was a significant relationship between the number of isolates and the banknote denomination with p value <0.05 (the lower denomination showed higher contamination level). Our study has isolated bacteria that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Multidrug-resistant strains harboring resistant genes (mecA, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM) were also detected. Conclusion All studied Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and may play a significant role in the transmission of bacterial infections.
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Moawad AA, Hotzel H, Neubauer H, Ehricht R, Monecke S, Tomaso H, Hafez HM, Roesler U, El-Adawy H. Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from healthy broilers in Egypt: emergence of colistin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:39. [PMID: 30250514 PMCID: PMC6148799 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poultry remains one of the most important reservoir for zoonotic multidrug resistant pathogens. The global rise of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is of reasonable concern and demands intensified surveillance. Methods In 2016, 576 cloacal swabs were collected from 48 broiler farms located in five governorates in northern Egypt. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae could be cultivated on different media and were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and PCR. Escherichia coli isolates were genotyped by DNA-microarray-based assays. The antimicrobial susceptibility to 14 antibiotics was determined and resistance-associated genes were detected. The VITEK-2 system was applied for phenotypical confirmation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates. The determination of colistin resistance was carried out phenotypically using E-test and genotypically using PCR for detection of the mcr-1 gene. Results Out of 576 samples, 72 representatives of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated and identified as 63 E. coli (87.5%), 5 Enterobacter cloacae (6.9%), 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae (2.8%) and 2 Citrobacter spp. (2.8%). Seven out of 56 cultivated E. coli (12.5%) were confirmed as ESBL-producing E. coli and one isolate (1.8%) as ESBL/carbapenemase-producing E. coli. Five out of 63 E. coli isolates (7.9%) recovered from different poultry flocks were phenotypically resistant to colistin and harboured mcr-1 gene. Conclusions This is the first study reporting colistin resistance and emergence of multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from healthy broilers in the Nile Delta region, Egypt. Colistin-resistant E. coli in poultry is of public health significance. The global rise of ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria demands intensified surveillance. ESBL-producing E. coli in poultry farms in Egypt are of major concern that emphasizes the possibility of spread of such strains to humans. The results also reinforce the need to develop strategies and to implement specific control procedures to reduce the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Moawad
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Provincial Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health Research, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- 4Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- 4Alere Technologies GmbH, Löbstedter Str. 103-105, 07749 Jena, Germany.,InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena e. V., Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.,6Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Hafez M Hafez
- 3Institute for Poultry Diseases, Free University Berlin, Königsweg 63, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- 7Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University Berlin, Robert-von Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany.,8Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516 Egypt
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Gazoni VF, Balogun SO, Arunachalam K, Oliveira DM, Filho VC, Lima SR, Colodel EM, Soares IM, Ascêncio SD, Martins DTDO. Assessment of toxicity and differential antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of rhizome of Simaba ferruginea A. St.-Hil. and its isolate canthin-6-one. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 223:122-134. [PMID: 29772356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Simaba ferruginea A. St.-Hil., Simaroubaceae, popularly known as "calunga" is a typical subtropical shrub used in Central Brazil mainly for infection, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and gastric duodenal-ulcers. It presents in its composition the alkaloid canthin-6-one, an alkaloid indole β-carboxylic. AIM This study aims to investigate the toxicity, antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of Simaba ferruginea (MESf) and canthin-6-one by using different experimental models. METHODS The present study evaluated the phytochemical analysis by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), toxicological potential of MESf and canthin-6-one, using the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity assays with CHO-K1 cells and in vivo acute test in mice. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution assays, while the antimicrobial mechanism of action was also assessed using different in vitro bacterial and fungal models. RESULTS The HPLC analysis of MESf revealed the presence of canthin-6-one, kaempferol and morin. Differential in vitro toxicities were observed between MESf and canthin-6-one. In the cytotoxicity assay, MESf presented toxicity against CHO-K1, while canthin-6-one did not. In the case of in vitro genotoxicity, both showed to be potentially genotoxic. In the in vivo toxicity study, both MESf (up to 1000 mg/kg) and cantin-6-one (up to 100 mg/kg) caused no toxicologically relevant alterations and are thus considered not to be toxic. MESf was shown to be relatively safe with NOAEL (100 mg/kg) when administrate in mice. Both MESf and canthin-6-one also showed differential antimicrobial activities. On one hand, MESf demonstrated good spectrum of antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 12.5 μg/mL) and Escherichia coli (MIC 25 μg/mL) and moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Shigella flexneri (MIC 200 μg/mL) but no antifungal effect. On the hand, canthin-6-one showed no antibacterial activity, except against Staphylococcus aureus (100 μg/mL), but potent in vitro fungicidal activity against clinically important Aspergillus niger and Candida species at MFC intervals ranging from 3.12 to 25 μg/mL. Both MESf and canthin-6-one were bacteriostatic in action. MESf antimicrobial mechanism of actions are associated with changes in the permeability of bacterial membranes, evidenced by the increased entry of hydrophobic antibiotic in Shigella flexneri, intense K+ efflux (Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus) and nucleotides leakage (Staphylococcus aureus). In the antifungal mode of action, canthin-6-one inhibited Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth and including alteration in the cell membrane of Neurospora crassa. CONCLUSION The results of this work demonstrated the differential antimicrobial activities of MESf and its alkaloid isolate, canthin-6-one with antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. The present study support the popular use of Simaba ferruginea in combatting afflictions related to bacterial infections, and demonstrate that canthin-6-one as a promising antifungal agent. Both MESf and canthin-6-one are considered non-toxic based on the in vitro toxicological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fátima Gazoni
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil; Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso - AJES, 78320-000 Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Darley Maria Oliveira
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade de Vale do Itajaí, 78020-400 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Samara Rosolem Lima
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, no. 2367, Boa Esperança, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Ilsamar Mendes Soares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Tocantis, 77020-210 Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Donizeti Ascêncio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Tocantis, 77020-210 Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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Rasool U, S P, Parveen A, Sah SK, S H. Efficacy of Andrographis paniculata against extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:244. [PMID: 30176904 PMCID: PMC6122548 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background A. paniculata is widely known for its medicinal values and is traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, skin infections, influenza, diarrhoea, etc. The phytochemical constituents of this plant possess unique and interesting biological activities. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial property of crude ethyl acetate (CEA) extract of A. paniculata against E. coli clinical isolates along with molecular docking of 10 different bioactive components from this plant with CTX-M-15. Methods CEA extract was subjected to phytochemical and FTIR analysis. The E. coli isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility through disk-diffusion method to observe their resistance pattern towards different antibiotics. Antibacterial activity and biofilm assay were performed through broth microdilution using a 96-well microplate. CEA extract was further utilized to observe its effect on the expression of a gene encoding CTX-M-15. Finally, in-silico studies were performed where 10 different bioactive compounds from A. paniculata were molecularly docked with CTX-M-15. Results Phytochemical and FTIR analysis detected the presence of various secondary metabolites and functional groups in CEA extract respectively. Molecular docking provided the number of residues and bond lengths together with a positive docking score. Antibiotic susceptibility showed the multi-drug resistance of all the clinical strains of E. coli. The antibacterial and antibiofilm efficiency of CEA extract (25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) was tested and 100 μg/ml of the extract was more effective in all the strains of E. coli. All 3 ESBL producing strains of E. coli were subjected to gene expression analysis through PCR. Strains treated with 100 μg/ml of the extract showed a downregulation of the gene encoding CTX-M-15 compared to untreated controls. Conclusions The utilization of CEA extract of A. paniculata proved an economical way of controlling the growth and biofilm formation of ESBL strains of E. coli. CEA extract was also able to downregulate the expression of a gene encoding CTX-M-15. Molecular docking of 10 different bioactive compounds from A. paniculata with CTX-M-15 provided the residues and bond lengths with a positive docking score. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2312-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Synthesis, crystal structure, computational analysis and biological properties of 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3-[2-(2-{2-[3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-thioureido]-ethoxy}ethoxy)ethyl]-thiourea and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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263
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Olowo-okere A, Ibrahim YKE, Olayinka BO. Molecular characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacterial isolates from surgical wounds of patients at a hospital in North Central Nigeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:85-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Pereira JL, Volcão LM, Klafke GB, Vieira RS, Gonçalves CV, Ramis IB, da Silva PEA, von Groll A. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections in Southern Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:173-181. [PMID: 30133334 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of different extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) as well as to associate these ESBL with antimicrobial (ATM) resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates from outpatients and inpatients with urinary tract infections. The study included 435 consecutive nonduplicate clinical isolates, including 362 E. coli isolates, 62 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, and 11 K. oxytoca isolates. Isolates were obtained from patients who were treated in a University Hospital between August 2012 and July 2013. Three multiplex PCR were performed to identify the ESBL groups. A total of 48 (11%) ESBL-producing isolates were found. The risk for the ESBL presence was significantly higher in males (26.4%) than females (8%), from hospital-acquired infections (29.1%) than community-acquired infections (7.0%) and in Klebsiella spp. (27.4%) than in E. coli (7.7%). ESBL-producing isolates presented a significantly higher percentage of resistance in 21 of the 23 ATMs analyzed. The CTX-M-1 group was the most predominant ESBL identified. The blaCTX-M-1-group gene was found in 56% of the total ESBL producers from community and in 42.4% from hospital origins; it was followed in frequency by the blaCTX-M-8/25-group, also found in both environments. Klebsiella spp. presented the largest variety of β-lactamase enzyme combinations and a higher level of resistance to cefotaxime. These findings contribute to better knowledge of the epidemiology of ESBL enzymes and are alarming for the reduced therapeutic options available for the risk groups identified in the studied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Lacava Pereira
- 1 Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Microbiology Research Center (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Martins Volcão
- 1 Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Microbiology Research Center (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Baracy Klafke
- 2 Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Roseli Stone Vieira
- 3 Hospital Universitário Dr. Miguel Riet Correa , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Ivy Bastos Ramis
- 1 Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Microbiology Research Center (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- 1 Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Microbiology Research Center (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- 1 Faculdade de Medicina, Medical Microbiology Research Center (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG , Rio Grande, Brazil
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Pereira R, Rabelo VWH, Sibajev A, Abreu PA, Castro HC. Class A β-lactamases and inhibitors: In silico analysis of the binding mode and the relationship with resistance. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:37-46. [PMID: 29753682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
β-lactams are one of the most common antimicrobials used to treat bacterial infections. However, bacterial resistance has compromised their efficacy, mainly due to the β-lactamase enzyme production. To overcome this resistance, β-lactamase inhibitors can be used in association with these antimicrobials. Herein, we analyzed the structural characteristics of β-lactamases and their interactions with classical inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid (CA), sulbactam (SB) and tazobactam (TZ) to gain insights into resistance. The homology models of five class A β-lactamases, namely CARB-3, IMI-1, SFO-1, SHV-5 and TEM-10, were constructed and validated and revealed an overall 3D structural conservation, but with significant differences in the electrostatic potential maps, especially at important regions in the catalytic site. Molecular dockings of CA, SB and TZ with these enzymes revealed a covalent bond with the S70 in all complexes, except Carb-3 which is in agreement with experimental data reported so far. This is likely related to the less voluminous active site of Carb-3 model. Although few specific contacts were observed in the β-lactamase-inhibitor complexes, all compounds interacted with the residues in positions 73, 130, 132, 236 and 237. Therefore, this study provides new perspectives for the design of innovative compounds with broad-spectrum inhibitory profiles against β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24210-130, Brazil
| | - Vitor Won-Held Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24210-130, Brazil; Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, RJ, CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Alexander Sibajev
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Campus do Paricarana, Boa Vista, RR, CEP 69304-000, Brazil
| | - Paula Alvarez Abreu
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Pesquisa em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, RJ, CEP 27965-045, Brazil.
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24210-130, Brazil.
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Amin M, Sirous M, Javaherizadeh H, Motamedifar M, Saki M, Veisi H, Ebrahimi S, Seyed-Mohammadi S, Hashemzadeh M. Antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates in children from southwest Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:1097-1104. [PMID: 30127627 PMCID: PMC6089113 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s167271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been implicated as an emerging cause of traveler’s diarrhea, persistent diarrhea among children, and immunocompromised patients. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, extendedspectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production, and virulence factors of EAEC isolates obtained from Iranian children suffered from diarrhea. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, from March 2015 to February 2016, 32 EAEC isolates were collected from fecal samples of children aged <12 years with diarrhea in southwest of Iran. All EAEC isolates identified using phenotypic and molecular methods and the cell line adhesion assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined using disk diffusion method. The presence of virulence factors and ESBL resistance genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results Overall, 28.1% (9/32) of the isolates were positive for at least one of virulence genes. The most frequent gene was aap with a frequency of 96.9%. Neither aafA nor aggA gene was detected among all of the EAEC isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the highest resistance rate to ampicillin (100%) and co-trimoxazole (100%), followed by ceftriaxone (81.3%). Further analysis revealed that the rate of ESBLs-producing isolates was 71.9% (23/32). Polymerase chain reaction screening revealed that 87.5% and 65.5% of EAEC isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes, respectively, and 17 (53.1%) of isolates contained both blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Conclusion The high detection rate of ESBL-producing EAEC isolates accompanied with virulence genes highlights a need to restrict infection control policies in order to prevent further dissemination of the resistant and virulent EAEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Amin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Mehrandokht Sirous
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Abuzar Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, .,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Hojat Veisi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Mdicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sakineh Seyed-Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, .,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,
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267
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Albu S, Voidazan S, Bilca D, Badiu M, Truţă A, Ciorea M, Ichim A, Luca D, Moldovan G. Bacteriuria and asymptomatic infection in chronic patients with indwelling urinary catheter: The incidence of ESBL bacteria. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11796. [PMID: 30113467 PMCID: PMC6112905 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections due to the presence of a urinary catheter represent a real problem for patients who have to carry such an invasive device for a long time.Our aim was to identify the susceptibility of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) versus non-ESBL bacteria to antibiotics in urinary tract infections in patients who are chronic carriers of urinary catheters.The retrospective study included a period of 5 years, a total of 405 patients who are chronic carriers of urinary catheters, admitted to rehabilitation and palliative care units.Escherichia coli (E coli) was isolated in 41.2% of patients, Klebsiella pneumoniae (K pneumoniae) in 24.7%, and Proteus mirabilis (P mirabilis) in 15.3%. E coli microbial resistance rates ranged from a minimum of 7.5% (nitrofurantoin) to a maximum of 77.1% (ampicillin). In the case of K pneumoniae, microbial resistance ranged from 34.2% (netilmicin) to 73.2% (ceftriaxone). Resistance rates of P mirabilis ranged from 11.1% (cefepim) to 89.5% (ampicillin). Positivity of ESBL bacteria was identified in 47.4% of patients. Resistance rates of ESBL-positive E coli ranged from 50.0% (ceftriaxone) to 88.1% (cefepime), and ESBL-negative E coli rates ranged from 3.4% (cefepime) to 64.4% (amikacin). Resistance rates of ESBL-positive K pneumoniae ranged between 39.1% (netilmicin) and 85.1% (ceftriaxone), and ESBL-negative K pneumoniae between 7.1% (cefepime) and 53.3% (amikacin). In cases of ESBL-positive P mirabilis, rates ranged from 13.3% (cefepime) to 90.3% (ceftriaxone), whereas in cases of ESBL-negative P mirabilis, rates ranged between 8.3% (cefepime) and 80.0% (trimetroprim).Bacteriuria and asymptomatic catheter infection in chronic carriers is an important public health concern due to the frequent presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our study highlights the need to develop control programs of catheter infections to minimize the risk of infections associated with these medical devices, and also the need for treatment of the infection rather than catheter colonization or contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Septimiu Voidazan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Doina Bilca
- Department of Microbiology, S.C. Nova Vita Hospital S.A, Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Monica Badiu
- Department of Microbiology, S.C. Nova Vita Hospital S.A, Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Andreea Truţă
- Department of Microbiology, S.C. Nova Vita Hospital S.A, Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Marian Ciorea
- Department of Microbiology, S.C. Nova Vita Hospital S.A, Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Alin Ichim
- The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Diana Luca
- The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş
| | - Geanina Moldovan
- Department of Community Nutrition, The University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
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Rajivgandhi G, Maruthupandy M, Manoharan N. Detection of TEM and CTX-M genes from ciprofloxacin resistant Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli isolated on urinary tract infections (UTIs). Microb Pathog 2018; 121:123-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Ahmed ABF, Alshammari TM, Moin A, Ahmed MQ, Barreto GE, Kamal MA, Ashraf GM. Gold nanoparticles: A plausible tool to combat neurological bacterial infections in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:7-18. [PMID: 30075371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of bacterial infections of central nervous system is a major challenge for the scientists all over the world. Despite the development of various potential drugs, the issue of central nervous system infections persists in the society. The main constraint is the delivery of drugs across the blood brain barrier and only a few drugs after meeting the stringent criteria could cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, certain bacterial pathogens could easily enter the brain by using several factors and mechanisms by crossing the blood brain barriers. Interestingly, in the recent past, gold nanoparticles have shown immense potential to overcome the issues associated with the treatment of central nervous system infections, especially due to their inherent ability to cross the blood brain barrier. Initially, the present review summarized the recent updates on the pathogenesis and factors involved in neurological bacterial infections, including the mechanism used by bacterial pathogens to cross the blood brain barriers. Thereafter, the emphasis of the review was on providing current information on gold nanoparticles pertinent to their applicability for the treatment of neurological infections. After discussing the background of neurological bacterial infections, the characteristic features, antibacterial properties, mechanisms of antibacterial action and ability to cross the blood brain barrier of gold nanoparticles have been summarized. Some of the features of gold nanoparticles that make them an ideal candidate for brain delivery are biocompatibity, stability, ability to get synthesized in different sizes with facile methods, surface affinity towards various functional groups, spontaneous crossing of blood brain barrier without applying any external field and most importantly, easy non-invasive tracing by CT imaging. The current updates on the development of gold nanoparticles based therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system infections have been discussed in the present study. However, further investigation would be required to translate these preclinical outcomes into clinical applications. Nevertheless, we could safely state that the information gathered and discussed in the present review would benefit the scientists working in the field of neuro-nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abo Bakr Fathy Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qumani Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine,University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mohammad Ajmal Kamal
- Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Sydney, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Tackling the Antibiotic Resistance Caused by Class A β-Lactamases through the Use of β-Lactamase Inhibitory Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082222. [PMID: 30061509 PMCID: PMC6121496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Lactams are the most widely used and effective antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Unfortunately, bacteria have developed several mechanisms to combat these therapeutic agents. One of the major resistance mechanisms involves the production of β-lactamase that hydrolyzes the β-lactam ring thereby inactivating the drug. To overcome this threat, the small molecule β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam) have been used in combination with β-lactams for treatment. However, the bacterial resistance to this kind of combination therapy has evolved recently. Therefore, multiple attempts have been made to discover and develop novel broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors that sufficiently work against β-lactamase producing bacteria. β-lactamase inhibitory proteins (BLIPs) (e.g., BLIP, BLIP-I and BLIP-II) are potential inhibitors that have been found from soil bacterium Streptomyces spp. BLIPs bind and inhibit a wide range of class A β-lactamases from a diverse set of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including TEM-1, PC1, SME-1, SHV-1 and KPC-2. To the best of our knowledge, this article represents the first systematic review on β-lactamase inhibitors with a particular focus on BLIPs and their inherent properties that favorably position them as a source of biologically-inspired drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, an extensive compilation of binding data from β-lactamase–BLIP interaction studies is presented herein. Such information help to provide key insights into the origin of interaction that may be useful for rationally guiding future drug design efforts.
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In Vitro Activity of Imipenem-Relebactam and Ceftolozane-Tazobactam against Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00533-18. [PMID: 29760145 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00533-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding which antimicrobial agents are likely to be active against Gram-negative bacilli can guide selection of antimicrobials for empirical therapy as mechanistic rapid diagnostics are adopted. In this study, we determined the MICs of a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination, imipenem-relebactam, along with ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem, ertapenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, and cefepime, against 282 drug-resistant isolates of Gram-negative bacilli. For isolates harboring blaKPC (n = 110), the addition of relebactam to imipenem lowered the MIC50/MIC90 from 16/>128 μg/ml for imipenem alone to 0.25/1 μg/ml. For isolates harboring blaCTX-M (n = 48), the MIC50/MIC90 of ceftolozane-tazobactam were 0.5/16 μg/ml (83% susceptible). For isolates harboring blaCMY-2 (n = 17), the MIC50/MIC90 of ceftolozane-tazobactam were 4/8 μg/ml (47% susceptible). Imipenem-relebactam was active against most KPC-producing (but not NDM- or IMP-producing) Enterobacteriaceae and is an encouraging addition to the present antibiotic repertoire.
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Betelli L, Neuwirth C, Solanas S, Chantemesse B, Vienney F, Hartmann A, Rochelet M. A voltammetric test for the rapid discrimination of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in blood cultures. Talanta 2018; 184:210-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ponce-de-Leon A, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Morfín-Otero R, Cornejo-Juárez DP, Tinoco JC, Martínez-Gamboa A, Gaona-Tapia CJ, Guerrero-Almeida ML, Martin-Onraët A, Vallejo Cervantes JL, Sifuentes-Osornio J. Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal and urinary-tract infections in Mexico from 2009 to 2015: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198621. [PMID: 29927958 PMCID: PMC6013120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing worldwide concern, which poses unique challenges for the effective prevention and treatment of several infections, especially the ones triggered by organisms producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Here, we present the surveillance results of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAI, n = 1,235) and urinary-tract infections (UTI, n = 2,682), collected in Mexico from 2009 to 2015. Susceptibility and ESBL status were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. Both E. coli (57%) and K. pneumoniae (12%) were the most frequently reported organisms, as well as the ones with the highest prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates (54% and 39%, respectively). The overall prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms was higher in nosocomial infections than in community-acquired infections (21% vs. 27%). The ESBL rates were 36% for IAI (953/2,682) and 37% for UTI (461/1,235). In addition, ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin were the antibiotics that mostly preserved bacterial susceptibility. Our results show consistency with global trends, although higher than the rates observed in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Centro Universitario Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Areli Martínez-Gamboa
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen J. Gaona-Tapia
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Lourdes Guerrero-Almeida
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Sifuentes-Osornio
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Salvador Zubirán National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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ESBL-plasmid carriage in E. coli enhances in vitro bacterial competition fitness and serum resistance in some strains of pandemic sequence types without overall fitness cost. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:24. [PMID: 29983750 PMCID: PMC6003029 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli infections are of global interest because of their clinical and economic impact. The ESBL resistance genes disseminate through plasmids, and are found in successful global lineages such as ST131 and ST648. The carriage of plasmids has been suggested to result in a fitness burden, but recently it was shown that ESBL-plasmids enhanced virulence in pandemic ST131 and ST648 lineages without affecting their fitness. Herein, we investigated the influence of ESBL-plasmids on bacterial competition and serum resistance, both of which are essential characteristics of ExPEC during infections. Methods Triplets of ESBL-plasmid-carrying wildtype (WT), plasmid-cured variant (PCV) and transformant (T) of five ExPEC strains of ST131 and ST648 were used for bacterial competition experiments with colicin-producing commensal E. coli, competitive adhesion experiments and serum survival. In addition, resilience after SDS, acid, osmotic challenges and RNA sequence data were analyzed. Results In all five strains tested, ESBL-plasmid carriage did not negatively influence E. coli fitness in direct bacterial competition with commensal E. coli in vitro. That is, WTs did not show any disadvantages when compared to their isogenic plasmid-free PCV. For one strain we even found the opposite as PCV17433 was out-competed by a commensal strain, which suggests an even protective role of the ESBL-plasmid carried by the WT17433. Similarly, in the serum-resistance experiments, the PCVs of two strains (PCV17433 and PCV17887) were more sensitive to serum, unlike WTs and Ts. The observed inter-strain differences could be explained by the different genetic content of plasmids carried in those strains. Conclusions Overall, we found no compelling evidence for an increased burden resulting from the carriage of ESBL-plasmids in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressure in the strains of pandemic ST131 and ST648; rather, the possession of certain ESBL-plasmids was beneficial for some strains in regarding competition fitness and serum survival. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-018-0243-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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275
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Mao W, Wang Y, Qian X, Xia L, Xie H. A Carbapenem‐Based Off–On Fluorescent Probe for Specific Detection of Metallo‐β‐Lactamase Activities. Chembiochem 2018; 20:511-515. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wuyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Xiana Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Lingying Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
| | - Hexin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringShanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug DesignSchool of PharmacyEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 P.R. China
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276
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Evaluation of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Clinical Urine Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Semnan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.63637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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277
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Komijani M, Shahin K, Barazandeh M, Sajadi M. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Genes in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.5.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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278
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Antimicrobial Resistance in the Food Chain in the European Union. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 86:115-136. [PMID: 30077219 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumers require safety foods but without losing enough supply and low prices. Food concerns about antimicrobial residues and antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria are not usually appropriately separated and could be perceived as the same problem. The monitoring of residues of antimicrobials in animal food is well established at different levels (farm, slaughterhouse, and industry), and it is preceded by the legislation of veterinary medicines where maximum residues limits are required for medicines to be used in food animal. Following the strategy of the World Health Organization, one of the proposed measures consists in controlling the use of critical antibiotics. The European Union surveillance program currently includes the animal species with the highest meat production (pigs, chickens, turkeys, and cattle) and the food derived from them, investigating antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic (Salmonella and Campylobacter) and indicator (Escherichia coli and enterococci) bacteria. AMR mechanisms encoded by genes have a greater impact on transfer than mutations. Sometimes these genes are found in mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons, or integrons, capable of passing from one bacterium to another by horizontal transfer. It is important to know that depending on how the resistance mechanism is transferred, the power of dissemination is different. By vertical transfer of the resistance gene, whatever its origin, will be transmitted to the following generations. In the case of horizontal transfer, the resistance gene moves to neighboring bacteria and therefore the range of resistance can be much greater.
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279
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Ebrahim-Saraie HS, Nezhad NZ, Heidari H, Motamedifar A, Motamedifar M. Detection of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Integrons Among Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates in Southwestern Iran. Oman Med J 2018; 33:218-223. [PMID: 29896329 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and can lead to a high rate of morbidity and mortality. The emergence of multiple-drug resistant strains, particularly extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains, has become a global healthcare concern. Our study sought to investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and presence of integrons and fimH determinants among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates obtained from hospitalized Iranian patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 121 E. coli isolates recovered from patients with clinical symptoms of UTIs, referred to Shiraz Nemazee Hospital, in 2016-17. The isolates were identified by standard microbiologic tests and confirmed by API 20E strip. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined using the disk diffusion method. The presence of fimH and classes 1-3 integron encoding genes was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. Results Ampicillin (9.1%) and nalidixic acid (19.0%) showed the lowest level of antibiotic susceptibility. The highest level of susceptibility was toward imipenem (77.7%). The rate of ESBL-producing isolates was 42.1%. There was a significant association between production of ESBLs and higher antibiotic resistance in the tested isolates. Of the investigated virulence and resistance genes, fimH, intI1, and intI2 were positive in 98.3%, 59.5%, and 7.4% of isolates, respectively. Conclusions The remarkable rate of ESBL-producing UPEC isolates accompanied with the presence of integrons suggest the necessity of restricted infection control policies to prevent further dissemination of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Heidari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Motamedifar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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280
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Sandner-Miranda L, Vinuesa P, Cravioto A, Morales-Espinosa R. The Genomic Basis of Intrinsic and Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in the Genus Serratia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:828. [PMID: 29867787 PMCID: PMC5958200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens, a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, was long thought to be a non-pathogenic bacterium prevalent in environmental habitats. Together with other members of this genus, it has emerged in recent years as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing various types of infections. One important feature of pathogens belonging to this genus is their intrinsic and acquired resistance to a variety of antibiotic families, including β-lactam, aminoglycosides, quinolones and polypeptide antibiotics. The aim of this study was to elucidate which genes participate in the intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance of this genus in order to determine the Serratia genus resistome. We performed phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses using 32 Serratia spp. genomes deposited in the NCBI GenBank from strains isolated from different ecological niches and different lifestyles. S. marcescens strain SmUNAM836, which was previously isolated from a Mexican adult with obstructive pulmonary disease, was included in this study. The results show that most of the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were found on the chromosome, and to a lesser degree, on plasmids and transposons acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Four strains contained the gyrA point mutation in codon Ser83 that confers quinolone resistance. Pathogenic and environmental isolates presented a high number of ARGs, especially genes associated with efflux systems. Pathogenic strains, specifically nosocomial strains, presented more acquired resistance genes than environmental isolates. We may conclude that the environment provides a natural reservoir for antibiotic resistance, which has been underestimated in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sandner-Miranda
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Vinuesa
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Morales-Espinosa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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281
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Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Pellizzeri V, Pľuchtová M, Tali-Maama H, Assaous F, Guettou B, Rahal K, Gruľová D, Dugo G, Marino A, Ben-Mahdi MH. Antibacterial activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil alone and in combination with cefotaxime against blaESBL producing multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2647-2654. [PMID: 29726697 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1466124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the susceptibility of blaESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae to Slovakian Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) alone and in combination with cefotaxime (CTX). TVEO composition was determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Susceptibility to 21 antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion assay. Genes characterization for resistance to β-lactams was accomplished by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The antibacterial activity was investigated by standard methods. The synergistic interaction was determined by checkerboard test. Thymol (34.5%), p-cymene (22.27%) and linalool (5.35%) were the major components present in the TVEO. The identified strains were multi-drug resistant (MDR). TVEO showed high activity against all MDR strains, including blaESBL producing isolates, with inhibition zones and MIC values in the range of 24-40 mm/10μL and 2.87-11.5 μg/mL, respectively. TVEO in combination with CTX showed a synergistic action against blaSHV-12 producing Escherichia coli (FICI 0.28) and an additive effect vs ESBL producing Enterobacter cloacae (FICI 0.987).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- a Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Nursing Department , University of Abdelhamid Ibn Badis of Mostaganem , Mostaganem , Algeria.,b Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Production Animale» , Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- c Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Vito Pellizzeri
- c Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Mária Pľuchtová
- d Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology , University of Prešov , Prešov , Slovakia
| | - Hassiba Tali-Maama
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Farida Assaous
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Badia Guettou
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Kheira Rahal
- e Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale , Institut Pasteur d'Algérie , Algiers , Algeria
| | - Daniela Gruľová
- d Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences, Department of Ecology , University of Prešov , Prešov , Slovakia
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- c Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,f Science4Life, Spin Off Company , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Andreana Marino
- g Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Meriem-Hind Ben-Mahdi
- b Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Production Animale» , Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach , Algiers , Algeria.,h Ecole Supérieure des Sciences des Aliments et des Industries Agroalimentaires , Algiers , Algeria
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282
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Peptide based therapeutics and their use for the treatment of neurodegenerative and other diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:574-581. [PMID: 29677544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are actively involved in different biological functions and importantly contribute to human health, and the use of peptides as therapeutics has a long successful history in disease management. A number of peptides have wide-ranging therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antithrombotic effects. Neurodegenerative diseases are typically caused by abnormal aggregations of proteins or peptides, and the depositions of these aggregates in or on neurons, disrupt signaling and eventually kill neurons. During recent years, research on short peptides has advanced tremendously. This review offers a brief introduction to peptide based therapeutics and their application in disease management and provides an overview of peptide vaccines, and toxicity related issues. In addition, the importance of peptides in the management of different neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic applications is discussed. The present review provides an understanding of peptides and their applications for the management of different diseases, but with focus on neurodegenerative diseases. The role of peptides as anti-cancer, antimicrobial and antidiabetic agents has also been discussed.
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283
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New York City House Mice (Mus musculus) as Potential Reservoirs for Pathogenic Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00624-18. [PMID: 29666289 PMCID: PMC5904414 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00624-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
House mice (Mus musculus) thrive in large urban centers worldwide. Nonetheless, little is known about the role that they may play in contributing to environmental contamination with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Here, we describe the fecal microbiome of house mice with emphasis on detection of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes by molecular methods. Four hundred sixteen mice were collected from predominantly residential buildings in seven sites across New York City over a period of 13 months. 16S rRNA sequencing identified Bacteroidetes as dominant and revealed high levels of Proteobacteria A targeted PCR screen of 11 bacteria, as indicated by 16S rRNA analyses, found that mice are carriers of several gastrointestinal disease-causing agents, including Shigella, Salmonella, Clostridium difficile, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Furthermore, genes mediating antimicrobial resistance to fluoroquinolones (qnrB) and β-lactam drugs (blaSHV and blaACT/MIR) were widely distributed. Culture and molecular strain typing of C. difficile revealed that mice harbor ribotypes associated with human disease, and screening of kidney samples demonstrated genetic evidence of pathogenic Leptospira species. In concert, these findings support the need for further research into the role of house mice as potential reservoirs for human pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in the built environment.IMPORTANCE Mice are commensal pests often found in close proximity to humans, especially in urban centers. We surveyed mice from seven sites across New York City and found multiple pathogenic bacteria associated with febrile and gastrointestinal disease as well as an array of antimicrobial resistance genes.
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284
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Conjugates and nano-delivery of antimicrobial peptides for enhancing therapeutic activity. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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285
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Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Klebsiella spp isolated from patients in Tehran, Iran. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.404979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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286
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Detection of ESBL genes from ciprofloxacin resistant Gram negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.flm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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287
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Guermazi-Toumi S, Boujlel S, Assoudi M, Issaoui R, Tlili S, Hlaiem ME. Susceptibility profiles of bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Southern Tunisia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 12:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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288
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Xu Y, Sun H, Bai X, Fu S, Fan R, Xiong Y. Occurrence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in China. Gut Pathog 2018; 10:8. [PMID: 30038667 PMCID: PMC6054294 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-018-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is regarded as a globally emerging enteropathogen. aEPECs exhibit various level of resistance to a range of antibiotics, which is increasing alarmingly. The present study investigated the antimicrobial resistance of aEPEC isolates recovered from diarrheal patients, healthy carriers, animals, and raw meats. Results Among 267 aEPEC isolates, 146 (54.7%) were resistant to tetracycline, followed by ampicillin (49.4%), streptomycin (46.1%), and piperacillin (41.2%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 128 (47.9%) isolates, and 40 MDR isolates were resistant to ≥ 10 antimicrobial agents. A total of 47 (17.6%) aEPEC isolates were identified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers. The blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were predominant among ESBL-producing isolates. Conclusions This investigation depicted the occurrence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing aEPEC isolates in China. The results suggested that it is necessary to continuously monitor the emergence and spread of MDR aEPEC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-018-0234-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Xu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Fu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Fan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwen Xiong
- 1State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.,2Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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289
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Tenney J, Hudson N, Alnifaidy H, Li JTC, Fung KH. Risk factors for aquiring multidrug-resistant organisms in urinary tract infections: A systematic literature review. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:678-684. [PMID: 29991911 PMCID: PMC6035314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This is the first review to analyze literature identifying risk factors for a multidrug-resistant urinary tract infection (MDR UTI). Risk factors for other infections involving multidrug-resistant organisms have been evaluated in other reviews, but they do not assess urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study is to collect currently published data to determine the most commonly and consistently identified risk factors for UTIs. Material and methods For this study, 3 independent researchers searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane database from 1966 to February 2016 for articles identifying risk factors for MDR UTI. Results A total of 25 studies including 31,284 patients with positive cultures provide evidence for 12 possible risk factors for MDR UTI . The most commonly identified risk factor was previous antibiotic usage as evidenced in 16 of the 20 studies that evaluated this possible risk factor. The time range utilized to define previous antibiotic usage ranged from 2 days to 365 days. Other risk factors with the strongest supporting data were urinary catheterization, previous hospitalization, and nursing home residence. Conclusion We identified 12 different possible risk factors for a MDR UTI, however several risk factors have minimal or conflicting evidence. The definitions of the risk factors varied widely among the studies, and should be standardized for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Tenney
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Nicholas Hudson
- Elkhart General Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Elkhart, IN, USA
| | - Hazar Alnifaidy
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Justin Ting Cheung Li
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kathy Harriet Fung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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290
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Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and potential synthetic treatments. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO290. [PMID: 29682325 PMCID: PMC5905577 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics by Sir Alexander Fleming they have been used throughout medicine and play a vital role in combating microorganisms. However, with their vast use, development of resistance has become more prevalent and their use is currently under threat. Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat to human and animal health, with many bacterial species having developed some form of resistance and in some cases within a year of first exposure to antimicrobial agents. This review aims to examine some of the mechanisms behind resistance. Additionally, re-engineering organisms, re-sensitizing bacteria to antibiotics and gene-editing techniques such as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system are providing novel approaches to combat bacterial resistance. To that extent, we have reviewed some of these novel and innovative technologies. In 1928, penicillin was discovered, changing the field of modern medicine as it provided an opportunity to treat microbial infections. Since then, microorganisms such as bacteria have evolved and now have the ability to resist a wide variety of agents that might otherwise prevent their growth. By 2050, it is estimated that around 10 million lives each year will be lost due to these bacteria. This article provides an insight into how bacteria resist antibiotics and potential new methods of treating these organisms.
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291
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Uddin MJ, Ahn J. Characterization of β-lactamase- and efflux pump-mediated multiple antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:921-928. [PMID: 30263820 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the β-lactamase- and efflux pump-mediated antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium (WT-ST), ciprofloxacin-induced antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium (CI-ST), and clinically-acquired antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium (CA-ST). The β-lactamase activities were significantly increased up to 63 μmol/min/mL in CA-ST and 24 μmol/min/mL in CI-ST when compared to WT-ST (13 μmol/min/mL). The highest efflux pump activity was observed in CI-ST and CA-ST, showing more than 45%. The antibiotic susceptibilities of WT-ST, CI-ST, and CA-ST were increased in the presence of β-lactamase and efflux pump inhibitors. CA-ST showed the highest activity in AcrD, MdtABC, EmrAB, MdtK, and MacAB efflux pumps. The repressed ompF were responsible for the decreased susceptibility of CA-ST to ampicillin (MIC > 512 μg/mL). This study would provide useful information for better understating of the development of multidrug resistance in association with β-lactamase and efflux pump activities and designing new antibiotic chemotherapy in combination with inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalal Uddin
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341 Republic of Korea
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292
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Defining the Relationship Between Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacterial Clinical Isolates. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1214:9-21. [PMID: 29748922 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides offer effective therapy for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacterial infections, but their usefulness is threatened by increasing resistant strains. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to demonstrate the phenotypic outcomes of the coexistence of genetic determinants mediating resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones in enterobacterial isolates collected from patients with health-care-associated infections in Egypt. METHODS ESBL phenotype was determined using double-disk synergy test (DDST). The PCR technique was used to detect the presence of the genes mediating quinolone resistance (qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr) and coexistence with ESBL genes. We also examined the association between the genetic makeup of the isolates and their resistance profiles including effect on MIC results. RESULTS Phenotypically ESBLs were detected in 60-82% of the enterobacterial isolates. ESBL, qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes were detected with the following percentages in Citrobacter isolates (69%, 69%, and 43%, respectively), E.coli isolates (65%, 70%, and 45%, respectively), Enterobacter isolates (56%, 67%, and 33%, respectively), and finally Klebsiella isolates (42%, 66%, and 25%, respectively). The coexistence of these multiresistant genetic elements significantly increased the MIC values of the tested antibiotics from different classes. CONCLUSION We suggest using blaTEM, blaCTX-M-15, qnr, and aac(6')-Ib-cr genes for better and faster prediction of suitable antibiotic therapy with effective doses against ESBL-producing isolates harboring plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants. Amikacin, meropenem, gentamicin, and imipenem seem to be better choices of treatment for such life-threatening infections, because of their remaining highest activity.
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293
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Kampmeier S, Berger M, Mellmann A, Karch H, Berger P. The 2011 German Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli O104:H4 Outbreak-The Danger Is Still Out There. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 416:117-148. [PMID: 30062592 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are Shiga toxin (Stx) producing bacteria causing a disease characterized by bloody (or non-bloody) diarrhea, which might progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). EHEC O104:H4 caused the largest ever recorded EHEC outbreak in Germany in 2011, which in addition showed the so far highest incidence rate of EHEC-related HUS worldwide. The aggressive outbreak strain carries an unusual combination of virulence traits characteristic to both EHEC-a chromosomally integrated Stx-encoding bacteriophage, and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli-pAA plasmid-encoded aggregative adherence fimbriae mediating its tight adhesion to epithelia cells. There are currently still open questions regarding the 2011 EHEC outbreak, e.g., with respect to the exact molecular mechanisms resulting in the hypervirulence of the strain, the natural reservoir of EHEC O104:H4, and suitable therapeutic strategies. Nevertheless, our knowledge on these issues has substantially expanded since 2011. Here, we present an overview of the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and molecular biological data available on the 2011 German EHEC O104:H4 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Berger
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Helge Karch
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Petya Berger
- Institute of Hygiene, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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294
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Gut colonization with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae may increase disease activity in biologic-naive outpatients with ulcerative colitis: an interim analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 30:92-100. [PMID: 29076938 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain Enterobacteriaceae strains have been associated with the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are the most commonly found multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria colonizing the gut in UC patients and might trigger a more severe disease activity in UC patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether disease activity is higher in UC patients with gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, pilot study was carried out in a tertiary medical center in Latvia. Demographic data were collected; UC disease activity and extent were evaluated according to the full Mayo score, Montreal classification, and adapted Truelove and Witt's index. Rectal swabs with fecal biomaterial were collected, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were isolated, and bacterial plasmid genes responsible for ESBL production, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV, were detected. UC disease activity was compared in patients with and without gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. RESULTS A total of 65 patients with UC were included in the initial analysis. Gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was found in seven (11%) patients - mostly Escherichia coli [5 (71%)] containing the blaCTX-M bacterial plasmid gene. Patients with gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae had more severe disease compared with patients without gut colonization according to the full Mayo score (5.86 vs. 3.40; P=0.015), Montreal classification (moderate disease vs. clinical remission; P=0.031), and adapted Truelove and Witt's index (moderate disease vs. mild disease; P=0.008). CONCLUSION Gut colonization with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae may increase UC disease activity. Further research is needed to analyze the possible confounding factors that could contribute toward this outcome.
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295
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Komarala EP, Doshi S, Thiyagarajan S, Aslam M, Bahadur D. Studies on drug release kinetics and antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria of cefotaxime sodium loaded layered double hydroxide–fenugreek nanohybrid. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of a CLF nanohybrid against E. coli 949 ESBL cefotaxime-resistant bacteria via the interaction of penicillin binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sejal Doshi
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Shankar Thiyagarajan
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Mohammed Aslam
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Dhirendra Bahadur
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai
- India
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296
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Beukers AG, Zaheer R, Cook SR, Chaves AV, Ward MP, Tymensen L, Morley PS, Hannon S, Booker CW, Read RR, McAllister TA. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance genes in feedlots and urban wastewater. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2018; 82:24-38. [PMID: 29382966 PMCID: PMC5764045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in livestock production in North America and possible association with elevated abundance of detectable antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) is a growing concern. Real-time, quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the relative abundance and diversity of ARG in fecal composite and catch basin samples from 4 beef feedlots in Alberta. Samples from a surrounding waterway and municipal wastewater treatment plants were also included to compare the ARG profile of urban environments and fresh water with that of feedlots. The relative abundance of 18 resistance genes across 5 antibiotic families including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams was examined. Sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam resistance genes predominated in wastewater treatment samples, while tetracycline resistance genes predominated in cattle fecal composite samples. These results reflect the types of antibiotic that are used in cattle versus humans, but other factors such as co-selection of ARG and variation in the composition of bacterial communities associated with these samples may also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim A. McAllister
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Tim McAllister; telephone: (403) 317-2240; fax: (403) 382-3156; e-mail:
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297
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Bondi M, Mazzini A, de Niederhäusern S, Iseppi R, Messi P. Inhibition of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria by a Photoactivated Porphyrin. Pol J Microbiol 2017; 66:533-536. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors studied the in vitro antibacterial activity of the photo-activated porphyrin meso-tri(N-methyl-pyridyl), mono(N-tetradecyl-pyridyl)porphine (C14) against four multidrug-resistant bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative). Using 10 μg/ml of porphyrin and 60 sec irradiation we observed the remarkable susceptibility of S. aureus and E. faecalis to treatment while, under the same conditions, E. coli and P. aeruginosa showed very low susceptibility. In a later stage, suspensions of Gram-negative bacteria were processed with EDTA before photo-activation, obtaining a significant decrease in viable counts. In view of the results, if the combination of low porphyrin concentrations and short irradiation times will be effective in vivo also, this approach could be a possible alternative to antibiotics, in particular against localized infections due to multidrug-resistant microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Bondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Patrizia Messi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena, Italy
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298
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Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is commonly employed to explore protein dynamics. Despite the disparate timescales between functional mechanisms and molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories, functional differences are often inferred from differences in conformational ensembles between two proteins in structure-function studies that investigate the effect of mutations. A common measure to quantify differences in dynamics is the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) about the average position of residues defined by Cα-atoms. Using six MD trajectories describing three native/mutant pairs of beta-lactamase, we make comparisons with additional measures that include Jensen-Shannon, modifications of Kullback-Leibler divergence, and local p-values from 1-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. These additional measures require knowing a probability density function, which we estimate by using a nonparametric maximum entropy method that quantifies rare events well. The same measures are applied to distance fluctuations between Cα-atom pairs. Results from several implementations for quantitative comparison of a pair of MD trajectories are made based on fluctuations for on-residue and residue-residue local dynamics. We conclude that there is almost always a statistically significant difference between pairs of 100 ns all-atom simulations on moderate-sized proteins as evident from extraordinarily low p-values.
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299
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Lopatkin AJ, Meredith HR, Srimani JK, Pfeiffer C, Durrett R, You L. Persistence and reversal of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1689. [PMID: 29162798 PMCID: PMC5698434 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of antibiotic-mediated selection, sensitive bacteria are expected to displace their resistant counterparts if resistance genes are costly. However, many resistance genes persist for long periods in the absence of antibiotics. Horizontal gene transfer (primarily conjugation) could explain this persistence, but it has been suggested that very high conjugation rates would be required. Here, we show that common conjugal plasmids, even when costly, are indeed transferred at sufficiently high rates to be maintained in the absence of antibiotics in Escherichia coli. The notion is applicable to nine plasmids from six major incompatibility groups and mixed populations carrying multiple plasmids. These results suggest that reducing antibiotic use alone is likely insufficient for reversing resistance. Therefore, combining conjugation inhibition and promoting plasmid loss would be an effective strategy to limit conjugation-assisted persistence of antibiotic resistance. It is unclear whether the transfer of plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes can explain their persistence when antibiotics are not present. Here, Lopatkin et al. show that conjugal plasmids, even when costly, are indeed transferred at sufficiently high rates to be maintained in the absence of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Lopatkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Hannah R Meredith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jaydeep K Srimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Connor Pfeiffer
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Rick Durrett
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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300
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Abstract
Despite an array of cogent antibiotics, bacterial infections, notably those produced by nosocomial pathogens, still remain a leading factor of morbidity and mortality around the globe. They target the severely ill, hospitalized and immunocompromised patients with incapacitated immune system, who are prone to infections. The choice of antimicrobial therapy is largely empirical and not devoid of toxicity, hypersensitivity, teratogenicity and/or mutagenicity. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria further intensifies the clinical predicament as it directly impacts public health due to diminished potency of current antibiotics. In addition, there is an escalating concern with respect to biofilm-associated infections that are refractory to the presently available antimicrobial armory, leaving almost no therapeutic option. Hence, there is a dire need to develop alternate antibacterial agents. The past decade has witnessed a substantial upsurge in the global use of nanomedicines as innovative tools for combating the high rates of antimicrobial resistance. Antibacterial activity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has been extensively reported. The microbes are eliminated either by microbicidal effects of the NPs, such as release of free metal ions culminating in cell membrane damage, DNA interactions or free radical generation, or by microbiostatic effects coupled with killing potentiated by the host's immune system. This review encompasses the magnitude of multidrug resistance in nosocomial infections, bacterial evasion of the host immune system, mechanisms used by bacteria to develop drug resistance and the use of nanomaterials based on metals to overcome these challenges. The diverse annihilative effects of conventional and biogenic metal NPs for antibacterial activity are also discussed. The use of polymer-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites, alone or functionalized with ligands, antibodies or antibiotics, as alternative antimicrobial agents for treating severe bacterial infections is also discussed. Combinatorial therapy with metallic NPs, as adjunct to the existing antibiotics, may aid to restrain the mounting menace of bacterial resistance and nosocomial threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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