251
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Zlotin SG, Kochetkov SV. C2-Symmetric diamines and their derivatives as promising organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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252
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Castro-Alvarez A, Carneros H, Sánchez D, Vilarrasa J. Importance of the Electron Correlation and Dispersion Corrections in Calculations Involving Enamines, Hemiaminals, and Aminals. Comparison of B3LYP, M06-2X, MP2, and CCSD Results with Experimental Data. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11977-85. [PMID: 26556606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While B3LYP, M06-2X, and MP2 calculations predict the ΔG° values for exchange equilibria between enamines and ketones with similar acceptable accuracy, the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) and MP2/6-311+G(d,p) methods are required for enamine formation reactions (for example, for enamine 5a, arising from 3-methylbutanal and pyrrolidine). Stronger disagreement was observed when calculated energies of hemiaminals (N,O-acetals) and aminals (N,N-acetals) were compared with experimental equilibrium constants, which are reported here for the first time. Although it is known that the B3LYP method does not provide a good description of the London dispersion forces, while M06-2X and MP2 may overestimate them, it is shown here how large the gaps are and that at least single-point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d) level should be used for these reaction intermediates; CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d) and CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) calculations afford ΔG° values in some cases quite close to MP2/6-311+G(d,p) while in others closer to M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p). The effect of solvents is similarly predicted by the SMD, CPCM, and IEFPCM approaches (with energy differences below 1 kcal/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Castro-Alvarez
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Héctor Carneros
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dani Sánchez
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Vilarrasa
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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253
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Asari AH, Lam YH, Tius MA, Houk KN. Origins of the Stereoselectivity in a Thiourea–Primary Amine-Catalyzed Nazarov Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13191-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austin H. Asari
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Yu-hong Lam
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Marcus A. Tius
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- The Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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254
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Donslund BS, Johansen TK, Poulsen PH, Halskov KS, Jørgensen KA. Die Diarylprolinolsilylether: zehn Jahre später. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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255
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Mortezaei S, Catarineu NR, Duan X, Hu C, Canary JW. Redox-configurable ambidextrous catalysis: structural and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5904-5912. [PMID: 29861915 PMCID: PMC5950827 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A helically chiral copper complex is used as a switchable asymmetric catalyst capable of delivering either enantiomer of a Michael addition reaction.
A ligand capable of adopting two pseudo-enantiomeric helically chiral states when bound to copper has been applied as an asymmetric catalyst in the Michael addition of malonate substrates to nitrostyrenes. The absolute configuration of the helically chiral ligand is inverted upon oxidation/reduction of the copper center. In this way, the handedness of the Michael addition product (R/S) can be selected based on the handedness of the catalyst (Λ/Δ). Exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) was used to identify which of the two pseudo-enantiomeric forms the catalyst adopted after reduction/oxidation, with additional support from X-ray crystallographic data. The synthesis of the ligand was achieved in five steps with an overall 61% yield. Enantiomeric excesses of the Michael addition products of up to 72% (S) and 70% (R) were obtained in acetonitrile. The ability to choose the handedness of the product based on the chiral state of the catalyst has been demonstrated with several different solvents, bases, nitrostyrene/malonate substrates, and prochiral malonate substrates. A combination of molecular modelling, crystal structure and kinetic data suggest that one urea moiety of the catalyst ligand likely binds the nitrostyrene substrate while blocking the Re face of the nitrostyrene in the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Mortezaei
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
| | - Noelle R Catarineu
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
| | - Xueyou Duan
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
| | - Chunhua Hu
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
| | - James W Canary
- Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , USA .
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256
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Donslund BS, Johansen TK, Poulsen PH, Halskov KS, Jørgensen KA. The Diarylprolinol Silyl Ethers: Ten Years After. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13860-74. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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257
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Richmond E, Ling KB, Duguet N, Manton LB, Çelebi-Ölçüm N, Lam YH, Alsancak S, Slawin AMZ, Houk KN, Smith AD. An asymmetric pericyclic cascade approach to 3-alkyl-3-aryloxindoles: generality, applications and mechanistic investigations. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1807-17. [PMID: 25501712 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of L-serine derived N-arylnitrones with alkylarylketenes generates asymmetric 3-alkyl-3-aryloxindoles in good to excellent yields (up to 93%) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) via a pericyclic cascade process. The optimization, scope and applications of this transformation are reported, alongside further synthetic and computational investigations. The preparation of the enantiomer of a Roche anti-cancer agent (RO4999200) 1 (96% ee) in three steps demonstrates the potential utility of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Richmond
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK.
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258
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Wagner JP, Schreiner PR. London’sche Dispersionswechselwirkungen in der Molekülchemie - eine Neubetrachtung sterischer Effekte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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259
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Ueda Y, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Final-Stage Site-Selective Acylation for the Total Syntheses of Multifidosides A-C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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260
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Ueda Y, Furuta T, Kawabata T. Final-stage site-selective acylation for the total syntheses of multifidosides A-C. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11966-70. [PMID: 26384855 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first total syntheses of multifidosides A-C have been achieved. The synthetic strategy is characterized by catalytic site-selective acylation of unprotected glycoside precursors in the final stage of the synthesis. High functional-group tolerance of the site-selective acylation, promoted by an organocatalyst, enabled the conventionally difficult molecular transformation in a predictable and reliable manner. An advantage of this strategy is to avoid the risks of undesired side reactions during the removal of the protecting groups at the final stage of the total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji city, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan)
| | - Takumi Furuta
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji city, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan)
| | - Takeo Kawabata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji city, Kyoto 611-0011 (Japan).
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261
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
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262
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Experimental and Theoretical Studies in Hydrogen-Bonding Organocatalysis. Molecules 2015; 20:15500-24. [PMID: 26343615 PMCID: PMC6331831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral thioureas and squaramides are among the most prominent hydrogen-bond bifunctional organocatalysts now extensively used for various transformations, including aldol, Michael, Mannich and Diels-Alder reactions. More importantly, the experimental and computational study of the mode of activation has begun to attract considerable attention. Various experimental, spectroscopic and calculation methods are now frequently used, often as an integrated approach, to establish the reaction mechanism, the mode of activation or explain the stereochemical outcome of the reaction. This article comprises several case studies, sorted according to the method used in their study. The aim of this review is to give the investigators an overview of the methods currently utilized for mechanistic investigations in hydrogen-bonding organocatalysis.
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263
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Sameera WMC, Hatanaka M, Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S, Morokuma K. The Mechanism of Iron(II)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction in Aqueous Media: Density Functional Theory and Artificial Force-Induced Reaction Study. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11085-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. M. C. Sameera
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu̅ Kobayashi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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264
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Qiao Y, Wei D, Chang J. Insights into the Unexpected Chemoselectivity for the N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Allenals with Chalcones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8619-30. [PMID: 26270106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lewis base N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed annulation is the subject of extensive interest in synthetic chemistry, but the reaction mechanisms, especially the unexpected chemoselectivity of some of these reactions, are poorly understood. In this work, a systematic theoretical calculation has been performed on NHC-catalyzed annulation between allenals and chalcone. Multiple possible reaction pathways (A-E) leading to three different products have been characterized. The calculated results reveal that NHC is more likely to initiate the reaction by nucleophilic attack on the center carbon atom of the allene group but not the carbonyl carbon atom in allenals leading to the Breslow intermediate, which is remarkably different from the other NHC-catalyzed annulations of unsaturated aldehydes with chalcones. The computed energy profiles demonstrate that the most energetically favorable pathway (A) results in polysubstituted pyranyl aldehydes, which reasonably explains the observed chemoselectivity in the experiment. The observed chemoselectivity is demonstrated to be thermodynamically but not kinetically controlled, and the stability of the Breslow intermediate is the key for the possibility of homoenolate pathway D and enolate pathway E. This work can improve our understanding of the multiple competing pathways for NHC-catalyzed annulation reactions of unsaturated aldehydes with chalcones and provide valuable insights for predicting the chemoselectivity for this kind of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and ‡Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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265
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Wagner JP, Schreiner PR. London dispersion in molecular chemistry--reconsidering steric effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12274-96. [PMID: 26262562 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 638] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
London dispersion, which constitutes the attractive part of the famous van der Waals potential, has long been underappreciated in molecular chemistry as an important element of structural stability, and thus affects chemical reactivity and catalysis. This negligence is due to the common notion that dispersion is weak, which is only true for one pair of interacting atoms. For increasingly larger structures, the overall dispersion contribution grows rapidly and can amount to tens of kcal mol(-1) . This Review collects and emphasizes the importance of inter- and intramolecular dispersion for molecules consisting mostly of first row atoms. The synergy of experiment and theory has now reached a stage where dispersion effects can be examined in fine detail. This forces us to reconsider our perception of steric hindrance and stereoelectronic effects. The quantitation of dispersion energy donors will improve our ability to design sophisticated molecular structures and much better catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Philipp Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen (Germany)
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen (Germany).
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266
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Cias P, Gescheidt G. Environmental effects on Cu(II)-catalyzed hetero-Diels–Alder reactions: computational approach. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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267
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He Q, Huang F, Sun C, Xie L, Chen DZ. Understanding the mechanism of procedure-controlled enantioselectivity switch in cinchona alkaloid thiourea catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition: H-bonds controlled enantioselectivity. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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268
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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269
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Gerosa GG, Spanevello RA, Suárez AG, Sarotti AM. Joint Experimental, in Silico, and NMR Studies toward the Rational Design of Iminium-Based Organocatalyst Derived from Renewable Sources. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7626-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela G. Gerosa
- Instituto
de Química
Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Rolando A. Spanevello
- Instituto
de Química
Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Alejandra G. Suárez
- Instituto
de Química
Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Instituto
de Química
Rosario (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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270
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Wang Y, Guo X, Tang M, Wei D. Theoretical Investigations toward the Asymmetric Insertion Reaction of Diazoester with Aldehyde Catalyzed by N-Protonated Chiral Oxazaborolidine: Mechanisms and Stereoselectivity. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8422-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Guo
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
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271
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Han J, Lu Z, Flach AL, Paton RS, Hammond GB, Xu B. Role of Hydrogen-Bonding Acceptors in Organo-Enamine Catalysis. Chemistry 2015; 21:11687-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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272
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Fu A, Tian C, Li H, Li P, Chu T, Wang Z, Liu J. A revisit to proline-catalyzed amination under basic conditions: Insight into the key intermediates and stereocontrolling transition state models for the reversal of enantioselectivity. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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273
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Wang F, Yang C, Xue XS, Li X, Cheng JP. A Highly Efficient Chirality Switchable Synthesis of Dihydropyran-Fused Benzofurans by Fine-Tuning the Phenolic Proton of β-Isocupreidine (β-ICD) Catalyst with Methyl. Chemistry 2015; 21:10443-9. [PMID: 26059531 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective β-isocupreidine (β-ICD) catalyzed synthesis of dihydropyran-fused benzofurans through [4+2] cycloaddition of allenoates and benzofuranone alkenes was developed. Switchable chirality inversion of cycloaddition products was achieved by replacing the phenolic proton of the catalyst with a methyl, demonstrating an amazing effect of minimal structural variation on inverting enantioselectivity. DFT calculations were utilized to elucidate the origin of the observed phenomena. Computation also provided a clue for a rational design in which the multi-hydrogen bond with the alcohol additive was found to improve the enantioselectivity of the cycloaddition. Finally, the substrate scope was examined, in which a number of functionalized dihydropyran-fused benzofurans could be obtained in high yields (up to 97 %) with very good regio- (>20:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 98:2 e.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China)
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China)
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China)
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China).
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China).
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274
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Holland MC, Metternich JB, Daniliuc C, Schweizer WB, Gilmour R. Aromatic Interactions in Organocatalyst Design: Augmenting Selectivity Reversal in Iminium Ion Activation. Chemistry 2015; 21:10031-8. [PMID: 25982418 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substituting N-methylpyrrole for N-methyindole in secondary-amine-catalysed Friedel-Crafts reactions leads to a curious erosion of enantioselectivity. In extreme cases, this substrate dependence can lead to an inversion in the sense of enantioinduction. Indeed, these closely similar transformations require two structurally distinct catalysts to obtain comparable selectivities. Herein a focussed molecular editing study is disclosed to illuminate the structural features responsible for this disparity, and thus identify lead catalyst structures to further exploit this selectivity reversal. Key to effective catalyst re-engineering was delineating the non-covalent interactions that manifest themselves in conformation. Herein we disclose preliminary validation that intermolecular aromatic (CH-π and cation-π) interactions between the incipient iminium cation and the indole ring system is key to rationalising selectivity reversal. This is absent in the N-methylpyrrole alkylation, thus forming the basis of two competing enantio-induction pathways. A simple L-valine catalyst has been developed that significantly augments this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike C Holland
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) http://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.oc/gilmour/,Current address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles 90095-1569 (USA)
| | - Jan Benedikt Metternich
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) http://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.oc/gilmour/
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) http://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.oc/gilmour/
| | - W Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster (Germany) http://www.uni-muenster.de/Chemie.oc/gilmour/. .,Excellence Cluster EXC 1003 "Cells in Motion", Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster (Germany).
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275
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Roca-López D, Marqués-López E, Alcaine A, Merino P, Herrera RP. A Friedel-Crafts alkylation mechanism using an aminoindanol-derived thiourea catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4503-10. [PMID: 24849715 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00348a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Computational calculations based on experimental results shed light on the mechanistic proposal for a Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction between indole and nitroalkenes, catalysed by a chiral aminoindanol-derived thiourea. In our hypothesis both substrates are simultaneously coordinated to the catalyst in a bifunctional mode. This study elucidates the crucial role played by the hydroxyl group of the catalyst in the success of the reaction. The OH group seems to be involved in the preferential attack of the indole over the nitroalkene, affording the major enantiomer and stabilizing the resulting transition state by a concomitant coordination with the nitroolefin. The results obtained with other catalysts from the same family, and other indoles, are reported and discussed. Theoretical calculations are in agreement with the experimental outcomes and with our previously developed mechanism, displaying the pivotal role played by hydrogen bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roca-López
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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276
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Bartók M. Advances in Immobilized Organocatalysts for the Heterogeneous Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions. CATALYSIS REVIEWS-SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2015.1039432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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277
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Bess EN, Guptill DM, Davies HML, Sigman MS. Using IR vibrations to quantitatively describe and predict site-selectivity in multivariate Rh-catalyzed C-H functionalization. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3057-3062. [PMID: 29403640 PMCID: PMC5763982 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving selective C-H functionalization is a significant challenge that requires discrimination between many similar C-H bonds. Yet, reaction systems employing Rh2(DOSP)4 and Rh2(BPCP)4 were recently demonstrated to afford high levels of selectivity in the C-H insertion of carbenes into toluene-derived substrates. Herein, we explore the origin of this selectivity through a systematic analysis of substrate and reagent features that alter levels of selectivity from 20 : 1 to 1 : 610 for secondary (or tertiary)-to-primary benzylic C-H functionalization of toluene derivatives. Describing this variation using infrared vibrations and point charges, we have developed a mathematical model from which are identified features of the systems that determine levels of site-selectivity and are applied as predictive factors to describe the selectivity behavior of new substrate/reagent combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Bess
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , UT 84112 , USA .
| | - David M Guptill
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry , Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive , Atlanta , GA 30322 , USA .
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , UT 84112 , USA .
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278
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Verma P, Vogiatzis KD, Planas N, Borycz J, Xiao DJ, Long JR, Gagliardi L, Truhlar DG. Mechanism of Oxidation of Ethane to Ethanol at Iron(IV)-Oxo Sites in Magnesium-Diluted Fe2(dobdc). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5770-81. [PMID: 25882096 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic properties of the metal-organic framework Fe2(dobdc), containing open Fe(II) sites, include hydroxylation of phenol by pure Fe2(dobdc) and hydroxylation of ethane by its magnesium-diluted analogue, Fe0.1Mg1.9(dobdc). In earlier work, the latter reaction was proposed to occur through a redox mechanism involving the generation of an iron(IV)-oxo species, which is an intermediate that is also observed or postulated (depending on the case) in some heme and nonheme enzymes and their model complexes. In the present work, we present a detailed mechanism by which the catalytic material, Fe0.1Mg1.9(dobdc), activates the strong C-H bonds of ethane. Kohn-Sham density functional and multireference wave function calculations have been performed to characterize the electronic structure of key species. We show that the catalytic nonheme-Fe hydroxylation of the strong C-H bond of ethane proceeds by a quintet single-state σ-attack pathway after the formation of highly reactive iron-oxo intermediate. The mechanistic pathway involves three key transition states, with the highest activation barrier for the transfer of oxygen from N2O to the Fe(II) center. The uncatalyzed reaction, where nitrous oxide directly oxidizes ethane to ethanol is found to have an activation barrier of 280 kJ/mol, in contrast to 82 kJ/mol for the slowest step in the iron(IV)-oxo catalytic mechanism. The energetics of the C-H bond activation steps of ethane and methane are also compared. Dehydrogenation and dissociation pathways that can compete with the formation of ethanol were shown to involve higher barriers than the hydroxylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- †Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Konstantinos D Vogiatzis
- †Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nora Planas
- †Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,⊥Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54702, United States
| | - Joshua Borycz
- †Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dianne J Xiao
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,§Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- †Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- †Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,∥Nanoporous Materials Genome Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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279
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Gammack Yamagata AD, Datta S, Jackson KE, Stegbauer L, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective desymmetrization of prochiral cyclohexanones by organocatalytic intramolecular Michael additions to α,β-unsaturated esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4899-903. [PMID: 25727215 PMCID: PMC4678487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new catalytic asymmetric desymmetrization reaction for the synthesis of enantioenriched derivatives of 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, a key motif common to many alkaloids, has been developed. Employing a cyclohexanediamine-derived primary amine organocatalyst, a range of prochiral cyclohexanone derivatives possessing an α,β-unsaturated ester moiety linked to the 4-position afforded the bicyclic products, which possess three stereogenic centers, as single diastereoisomers in high enantioselectivity (83-99% ee) and in good yields (60-90%). Calculations revealed that stepwise C-C bond formation and proton transfer via a chair-shaped transition state dictate the exclusive endo selectivity and enabled the development of a highly enantioselective primary amine catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Gammack Yamagata
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Swarup Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Kelvin E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Linus Stegbauer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA (UK)
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280
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Heidlindemann M, Hammel M, Scheffler U, Mahrwald R, Hummel W, Berkessel A, Gröger H. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Vitamin B5-Intermediate (R)-Pantolactone via Combined Asymmetric Organo- and Biocatalysis. J Org Chem 2015; 80:3387-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502667x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Heidlindemann
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulf Scheffler
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry, Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Mahrwald
- Institute
of Chemistry, Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Hummel
- Institute
of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Research Centre Jülich, Stetternicher Forst, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Albrecht Berkessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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281
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de Gracia Retamosa M, de Cózar A, Sánchez M, Miranda JI, Sansano JM, Castelló LM, Nájera C, Jiménez AI, Sayago FJ, Cativiela C, Cossío FP. Remote Substituent Effects on the Stereoselectivity and Organocatalytic Activity of Densely Substituted Unnatural Proline Esters in Aldol Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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282
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Gammack Yamagata AD, Datta S, Jackson KE, Stegbauer L, Paton RS, Dixon DJ. Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Prochiral Cyclohexanones by Organocatalytic Intramolecular Michael Additions to α,β-Unsaturated Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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283
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Iaroshenko VO, Gevorgyan A, Mkrtchyan S, Arakelyan K, Grigoryan T, Yedoyan J, Villinger A, Langer P. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arylation of Nitroimidazoles and Further Transformations of Manipulable Nitro Group. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2103-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5025927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor O. Iaroshenko
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- National Taras Shevchenko University, 62 Volodymyrska strasse, Kyiv-33, 01033 Ukraine
| | - Ashot Gevorgyan
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Satenik Mkrtchyan
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Knar Arakelyan
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tatevik Grigoryan
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Julietta Yedoyan
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e. V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse
29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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284
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Organocatalytic activity of α,α-dipeptide derivatives of (S)-proline in the asymmetric aldol reaction in absence of solvent. Evidence for non-covalent π–π interactions in the transition state. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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285
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Odagi M, Furukori K, Yamamoto Y, Sato M, Iida K, Yamanaka M, Nagasawa K. Origin of Stereocontrol in Guanidine-Bisurea Bifunctional Organocatalyst That Promotes α-Hydroxylation of Tetralone-Derived β-Ketoesters: Asymmetric Synthesis of β- and γ-Substituted Tetralone Derivatives via Organocatalytic Oxidative Kinetic Resolution. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1909-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511149y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minami Odagi
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei
city, 184-8588, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kota Furukori
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei
city, 184-8588, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Yamamoto
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei
city, 184-8588, Tokyo Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, 171-8501, Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei
city, 184-8588, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, 171-8501, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuo Nagasawa
- Department
of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei
city, 184-8588, Tokyo Japan
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286
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Lam YH, Houk KN. Origins of Stereoselectivity in Intramolecular Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Cinchona Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2116-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ja513096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hong Lam
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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287
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Picek I, Vianello R, Šket P, Plavec J, Foretić B. Tandem β-Elimination/Hetero-Michael Addition Rearrangement of an N-Alkylated Pyridinium Oxime to an O-Alkylated Pyridine Oxime Ether: An Experimental and Computational Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2165-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5026755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Picek
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 3, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian
NMR center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR center, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva
cesta 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaženka Foretić
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Šalata 3, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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288
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Halskov KS, Kniep F, Lauridsen VH, Iversen EH, Donslund BS, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic enamine-activation of cyclopropanes for highly stereoselective formation of cyclobutanes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1685-91. [PMID: 25575040 DOI: 10.1021/ja512573q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel organocatalytic activation mode of cyclopropanes is presented. The reaction concept is based on a design in which a reactive donor-acceptor cyclopropane intermediate is generated by in situ condensation of cyclopropylacetaldehydes with an aminocatalyst. The mechanism of this enamine-based activation of cyclopropylacetaldehydes is investigated by the application of a combined computational and experimental approach. The activation can be traced to a favorable orbital interaction between the π-orbital of the enamine and the σ*C-C orbital of the cyclopropyl ring. Furthermore, the synthetic potential of the developed system has been evaluated. By the application of a chiral secondary amine catalyst, the organocatalytically activated cyclopropanes show an unexpected and highly stereoselective formation of cyclobutanes, functionalizing at the usually inert sites of the donor-acceptor cyclopropane. By the application of 3-olefinic oxindoles and benzofuranone, biologically relevant spirocyclobutaneoxindoles and spirocyclobutanebenzofuranone can be obtained in good yields, high diastereomeric ratios, and excellent enantiomeric excesses. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed and two mechanistic proposals are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Søholm Halskov
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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289
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Brazier JB, Gibbs TJK, Rowley JH, Samulis L, Yau SC, Kennedy AR, Platts JA, Tomkinson NCO. Improving catalyst activity in secondary amine catalysed transformations. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:133-41. [PMID: 25347784 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01916d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect on catalyst performance of altering substituents at the 2-position of the Macmillan imidazolidinone has been examined. Condensation of L-phenylalanine N-methyl amide with acetophenone derivatives results in a series of imidazolidinones whose salts can be used to accelerate the Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Electron withdrawing groups significantly increase the overall rate of cycloaddition without compromise in selectivity. The most effective catalyst was shown to be efficient for a variety of substrates and the applicability of this catalyst to alternative secondary amine catalysed transformations is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Brazier
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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290
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Qi ZH, Zhang Y, Ruan GY, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang XW. Theoretical studies on the activation mechanism involving bifunctional tertiary amine–thioureas and isatylidene malononitriles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01821h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DFT studies on the activation mechanism of the Michael addition reactions containing bifunctional tertiary amine–thioureas and isatylidene malononitriles have been performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Gui-Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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291
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kumari P, Barik S, Khan NH, Ganguly B, Kureshy RI, Abdi SHR, Bajaj HC. The origin for highly enantioselective induction of 1-naphthol to isatin-derived N-Boc ketimines catalyzed by quinine thiourea catalyst: an experimental and computational study. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12795e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction of 1-naphthol with isatin derived N-Boc ketimines by cinchona based bifunctional thiourea as organo-catalyst is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathibha kumari
- Division of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Sunirmal Barik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Bhavnagar
- India
- Analytical Discipline and Centralised Instrumental Facility
| | - Noorul H. Khan
- Division of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Bishwajit Ganguly
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Bhavnagar
- India
- Analytical Discipline and Centralised Instrumental Facility
| | - Rukhsana I. Kureshy
- Division of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - Sayed H. R. Abdi
- Division of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar
- India
| | - H. C. Bajaj
- Division of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI)
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)
- Bhavnagar
- India
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292
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Wang Y, Li D, Lin J, Wei K. Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes and ketones to nitroalkenes catalyzed by adamantoyl l-prolinamide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of adamantoyl l-prolinamides have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Kun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Yunnan University)
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
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293
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Katari M, Rajaraman G, Ghosh P. An insight into a base-free Michael addition reaction as catalyzed by a bifunctional nickel N-heterocyclic carbene complex using density functional theory studies. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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294
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Ajitha MJ, Huang KW. Role of keto–enol tautomerization in a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric thiocarboxylysis of meso-epoxide: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:10981-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01473e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed thiocarboxylysis of meso-epoxide was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations (M06-2X).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjaly J. Ajitha
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Science and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Science and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
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295
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Hamzehloueian M, Sarrafi Y, Aghaei Z. An experimental and theoretical study on the regioselective synthesis of a new class of spiropyrrolothiazoles with quinoxaline motifs via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. An evaluation of DFT methods. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), wB97xD/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) methods revealed the importance of π/π interactions in regio- and stereoselectivity of cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaghoub Sarrafi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Mazandaran
- 47416 Babolsar
- Iran
| | - Zahra Aghaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Mazandaran
- 47416 Babolsar
- Iran
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296
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Holland MC, Metternich JB, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Gilmour R. Cation–π interactions in iminium ion activation: correlating quadrupole moment & enantioselectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5322-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08520e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A cation–π interaction is operational in the addition of uncharged nucleophiles to iminium salts derived from MacMillan's 1st generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Holland
- Organisch Chemisches Institut
- and Excellence Cluster EXC 1003
- Cells in Motion
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
| | - J. B. Metternich
- Organisch Chemisches Institut
- and Excellence Cluster EXC 1003
- Cells in Motion
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
| | - C. Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch Chemisches Institut
- and Excellence Cluster EXC 1003
- Cells in Motion
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
| | - R. Gilmour
- Organisch Chemisches Institut
- and Excellence Cluster EXC 1003
- Cells in Motion
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Münster
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297
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Jindal G, Kisan HK, Sunoj RB. Mechanistic Insights on Cooperative Catalysis through Computational Quantum Chemical Methods. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501688y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Jindal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Hemanta K. Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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298
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Chen X, Qi ZH, Zhang SY, Kong LP, Wang Y, Wang XW. Enantioselective Construction of Functionalized Thiopyrano-Indole Annulated Heterocycles via a Formal Thio [3 + 3]-Cyclization. Org Lett 2014; 17:42-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503210q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Pei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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299
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Belding L, Taimoory SM, Dudding T. Mirroring Enzymes: The Role of Hydrogen Bonding in an Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Aza-Henry Reaction—a DFT Study. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501062u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Belding
- Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | | | - Travis Dudding
- Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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300
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Marcos
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam R. Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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