251
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Alsahafi E, Begg K, Amelio I, Raulf N, Lucarelli P, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. Clinical update on head and neck cancer: molecular biology and ongoing challenges. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31308358 PMCID: PMC6629629 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are an aggressive, genetically complex and difficult to treat group of cancers. In lieu of truly effective targeted therapies, surgery and radiotherapy represent the primary treatment options for most patients. But these treatments are associated with significant morbidity and a reduction in quality of life. Resistance to both radiotherapy and the only available targeted therapy, and subsequent relapse are common. Research has therefore focussed on identifying biomarkers to stratify patients into clinically meaningful groups and to develop more effective targeted therapies. However, as we are now discovering, the poor response to therapy and aggressive nature of HNSCCs is not only affected by the complex alterations in intracellular signalling pathways but is also heavily influenced by the behaviour of the extracellular microenvironment. The HNSCC tumour landscape is an environment permissive of these tumours' aggressive nature, fostered by the actions of the immune system, the response to tumour hypoxia and the influence of the microbiome. Solving these challenges now rests on expanding our knowledge of these areas, in parallel with a greater understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC subtypes. This update aims to build on our earlier 2014 review by bringing up to date our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCCs and provide insights into areas of ongoing research and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Alsahafi
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katheryn Begg
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Nina Raulf
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Faculté des Sciences, de La Technologie et de La Communication, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue Du Swing, Belvaux, 4367, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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252
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Arai M, Imamura O, Kondoh N, Dateki M, Takishima K. Neuronal Ca2+‐dependent activator protein 1 (NCDAP1) induces neuronal cell death by activating p53 pathway following traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2019; 151:795-809. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry Asahi University School of Dentistry Mizuho Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
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253
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8-Acetonyldihydronitidine inhibits the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells via activation of p53. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:256-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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254
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Nguyen TAT, Grimm SA, Bushel PR, Li J, Li Y, Bennett BD, Lavender CA, Ward JM, Fargo DC, Anderson CW, Li L, Resnick MA, Menendez D. Revealing a human p53 universe. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8153-8167. [PMID: 30107566 PMCID: PMC6144829 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 transcriptional networks are well-characterized in many organisms. However, a global understanding of requirements for in vivo p53 interactions with DNA and relationships with transcription across human biological systems in response to various p53 activating situations remains limited. Using a common analysis pipeline, we analyzed 41 data sets from genome-wide ChIP-seq studies of which 16 have associated gene expression data, including our recent primary data with normal human lymphocytes. The resulting extensive analysis, accessible at p53 BAER hub via the UCSC browser, provides a robust platform to characterize p53 binding throughout the human genome including direct influence on gene expression and underlying mechanisms. We establish the impact of spacers and mismatches from consensus on p53 binding in vivo and propose that once bound, neither significantly influences the likelihood of expression. Our rigorous approach revealed a large p53 genome-wide cistrome composed of >900 genes directly targeted by p53. Importantly, we identify a core cistrome signature composed of genes appearing in over half the data sets, and we identify signatures that are treatment- or cell-specific, demonstrating new functions for p53 in cell biology. Our analysis reveals a broad homeostatic role for human p53 that is relevant to both basic and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Ai T Nguyen
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pierre R Bushel
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Brian D Bennett
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Christopher A Lavender
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - James M Ward
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David C Fargo
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.,Office of Scientific Computing, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Carl W Anderson
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Michael A Resnick
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Daniel Menendez
- Genome Integrity & Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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255
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Li C, Wang P, Fu Z, Li Y, Li S. Swainsonine inhibits proliferation and collagen synthesis of NIH-3T3 cells by declining miR-21. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2256-2264. [PMID: 31184213 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1620255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Ziyang Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Shouju Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, China
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256
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Toma-Jonik A, Vydra N, Janus P, Widłak W. Interplay between HSF1 and p53 signaling pathways in cancer initiation and progression: non-oncogene and oncogene addiction. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:579-589. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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257
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Schmitz-Spanke S. Toxicogenomics - What added Value Do These Approaches Provide for Carcinogen Risk Assessment? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:157-164. [PMID: 30909101 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is still a major challenge to protect humans at workplaces and in the environment. To cope with this task, it is a prerequisite to obtain detailed information on the extent of chemical perturbations of biological pathways, in particular, adaptive vs. adverse effects and the dose-response relationships. This knowledge serves as the basis for the classification of non-carcinogens and carcinogens and for further distinguishing carcinogens in genotoxic (DNA damaging) or non-genotoxic compounds. Basing on quantitative dose-response relationships, points of departures can be derived for chemical risk assessment. In recent years, new methods have shown their capability to support the established rodent models of carcinogenicity testing. In vitro high throughput screening assays assess more comprehensively cell response. In addition, omics technologies were applied to study the mode of action of chemicals whereby the term "toxicogenomics" comprises various technologies such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, or metabolomics. This review aims to summarize the current state of toxicogenomic approaches in risk science and to compare them with established ones. For example, measurement of global transcriptional changes generates meaningful information for toxicological risk assessment such as accurate classification of genotoxic/non-genotoxic carcinogens. Alteration in mRNA expression offers previously unknown insights in the mode of action and enables the definition of key events. Based on these, benchmark doses can be calculated for the transition from an adaptive to an adverse state. In short, this review assesses the potential and challenges of transcriptomics and addresses the impact of other omics technologies on risk assessment in terms of hazard identification and dose-response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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258
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Kermi C, Aze A, Maiorano D. Preserving Genome Integrity During the Early Embryonic DNA Replication Cycles. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050398. [PMID: 31137726 PMCID: PMC6563053 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the very early stages of embryonic development chromosome replication occurs under rather challenging conditions, including a very short cell cycle, absence of transcription, a relaxed DNA damage response and, in certain animal species, a highly contracted S-phase. This raises the puzzling question of how the genome can be faithfully replicated in such a peculiar metabolic context. Recent studies have provided new insights into this issue, and unveiled that embryos are prone to accumulate genetic and genomic alterations, most likely due to restricted cellular functions, in particular reduced DNA synthesis quality control. These findings may explain the low rate of successful development in mammals and the occurrence of diseases, such as abnormal developmental features and cancer. In this review, we will discuss recent findings in this field and put forward perspectives to further study this fascinating question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chames Kermi
- Laboratoire Surveillance et Stabilité du Génome, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR9002, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5441, USA.
| | - Antoine Aze
- Laboratoire Surveillance et Stabilité du Génome, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR9002, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Domenico Maiorano
- Laboratoire Surveillance et Stabilité du Génome, Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR9002, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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259
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Karsli Uzunbas G, Ahmed F, Sammons MA. Control of p53-dependent transcription and enhancer activity by the p53 family member p63. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10720-10736. [PMID: 31113863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional activation by p53 provides powerful, organism-wide tumor suppression. We hypothesized that the local chromatin environment, including differential enhancer activities, contributes to various p53-dependent transcriptional activities in different cell types during stress-induced signaling. In this work, using ChIP-sequencing, immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and computational analyses across various mammalian cell lines, we demonstrate that the p53-induced transcriptome varies by cell type, reflects cell type-specific activities, and is considerably broader than previously anticipated. We found that these molecular events are strongly influenced by p53's engagement with differentially active cell type-specific enhancers and promoters. We also observed that p53 activity depends on the p53 family member tumor protein p63 in epithelial cell types. Notably, we demonstrate that p63 is required for epithelial enhancer identity, including enhancers used by p53 during stress-dependent signaling. Loss of p63, but not p53, caused site-specific depletion of enhancer-associated chromatin modifications, suggesting that p63 functions as an enhancer maintenance factor in epithelial cells. Additionally, a subset of epithelial-specific enhancers depends on the activity of p63 providing a direct link between lineage determination and enhancer structure. These results suggest that a broad, cell-intrinsic mechanism controls p53-dependent cellular stress response through differential regulation of cis-regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Karsli Uzunbas
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Morgan A Sammons
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
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260
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Chandramouli B, Melino G, Chillemi G. Smyd2 conformational changes in response to p53 binding: role of the C-terminal domain. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1450-1461. [PMID: 31069954 PMCID: PMC6547616 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smyd2 lysine methyltransferase regulates monomethylation of histone and nonhistone lysine residues using S‐adenosylmethionine cofactor as the methyl donor. The nonhistone interactors include several tumorigenic targets, including p53. Understanding this interaction would allow the structural principles that underpin Smyd2‐mediated p53 methylation to be elucidated. Here, we performed μ‐second molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on binary Smyd2‐cofactor and ternary Smyd2‐cofactor‐p53 peptide complexes. We considered both unmethylated and monomethylated p53 peptides (at Lys370 and Lys372). The results indicate that (a) the degree of conformational freedom of the C‐terminal domain of Smyd2 is restricted by the presence of the p53 peptide substrate, (b) the Smyd2 C‐terminal domain shows distinct dynamic properties when interacting with unmethylated and methylated p53 peptides, and (c) Lys372 methylation confines the p53 peptide conformation, with detectable influence on Lys370 accessibility to the cofactor. These MD results are therefore of relevance for studying the biology of p53 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,National Council of Research, CNR, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Bari, Italy
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261
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Pifithrin-Alpha Reduces Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity in Cultured Dopaminergic Neurons. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:347-356. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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262
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Demyanenko S, Dzreyan V, Uzdensky A. Axotomy-Induced Changes of the Protein Profile in the Crayfish Ventral Cord Ganglia. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:667-678. [PMID: 31066008 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We suggest novel experimental model of nerve injury-bilaterally axotomized ganglia of the crayfish ventral nerve cord (VNC). Using proteomic antibody microarrays, we showed upregulation of apoptosis execution proteins (Bcl-10, caspases 3, 6, and 7, SMAC/DIABLO, AIF), proapoptotic signaling proteins and transcription factors (c-Myc, p38, E2F1, p53, GADD153), and multifunctional proteins capable of initiating apoptosis in specific situations (p75, NMDAR2a) in the axotomized VNC ganglia. Simultaneously, anti-apoptotic proteins (p21WAF-1, MDM2, Bcl-x, Mcl-1, MKP1, MAKAPK2, ERK5, APP, calmodulin, estrogen receptor) were overexpressed. Some proteins associated with actin cytoskeleton (α-catenin, catenin p120CTN, cofilin, p35, myosin Vα) were upregulated, whereas other actin-associated proteins (ezrin, distrophin, tropomyosin, spectrin (α + β), phosphorylated Pyk2) were downregulated. Various cytokeratins and βIV-tubulin, components of intermediate filament and microtubule cytoskeletons, were also downregulated that could be the result of tissue destruction. Downregulation of proteins involved in clathrin vesicle formation (AP2α and AP2γ, adaptin (β1 + β2), and syntaxin) indicated impairment of vesicular transport and synaptic processes. The levels of L-DOPA decarboxylase, tyrosine, and tryptophan hydroxylases that mediate synthesis of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine decreased. Overexpression of histone deacetylases HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC4 contributed to suppression of transcription and protein synthesis. So, the balance of multidirectional processes aimed either at cell death, or to repair and recovery, determines the cell fate. Present data provide integral, albeit incomplete, view on the nervous tissue response to axotomy. Some of these proteins can be probably potential markers of nerve injury and targets for neuroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Valentina Dzreyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Anatoly Uzdensky
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky Ave, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090.
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263
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Lau YFC, Li Y, Kido T. Battle of the sexes: contrasting roles of testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) and TSPX in human oncogenesis. Asian J Androl 2019; 21:260-269. [PMID: 29974883 PMCID: PMC6498724 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_43_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Y-located testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) and its X-homologue TSPX originated from the same ancestral gene, but act as a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene, respectively. TSPY has specialized in male-specific functions, while TSPX has assumed the functions of the ancestral gene. Both TSPY and TSPX harbor a conserved SET/NAP domain, but are divergent at flanking structures. Specifically, TSPX contains a C-terminal acidic domain, absent in TSPY. They possess contrasting properties, in which TSPY and TSPX, respectively, accelerate and arrest cell proliferation, stimulate and inhibit cyclin B-CDK1 phosphorylation activities, have no effect and promote proteosomal degradation of the viral HBx oncoprotein, and exacerbate and repress androgen receptor (AR) and constitutively active AR variant, such as AR-V7, gene transactivation. The inhibitory domain has been mapped to the carboxyl acidic domain in TSPX, truncation of which results in an abbreviated TSPX exerting positive actions as TSPY. Transposition of the acidic domain to the C-terminus of TSPY results in an inhibitory protein as intact TSPX. Hence, genomic mutations/aberrant splicing events could generate TSPX proteins with truncated acidic domain and oncogenic properties as those for TSPY. Further, TSPY is upregulated by AR and AR-V7 in ligand-dependent and ligand-independent manners, respectively, suggesting the existence of a positive feedback loop between a Y-located proto-oncogene and male sex hormone/receptors, thereby amplifying the respective male oncogenic actions in human cancers and diseases. TSPX counteracts such positive feedback loop. Hence, TSPY and TSPX are homologues on the sex chromosomes that function at the two extremes of the human oncogenic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fai Chris Lau
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Yunmin Li
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kido
- Division of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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264
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Bugai A, Quaresma AJC, Friedel CC, Lenasi T, Düster R, Sibley CR, Fujinaga K, Kukanja P, Hennig T, Blasius M, Geyer M, Ule J, Dölken L, Barborič M. P-TEFb Activation by RBM7 Shapes a Pro-survival Transcriptional Response to Genotoxic Stress. Mol Cell 2019; 74:254-267.e10. [PMID: 30824372 PMCID: PMC6482433 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) involves dramatic transcriptional alterations, the mechanisms of which remain ill defined. Here, we show that following genotoxic stress, the RNA-binding motif protein 7 (RBM7) stimulates RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription and promotes cell viability by activating the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) via its release from the inhibitory 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP). This is mediated by activation of p38MAPK, which triggers enhanced binding of RBM7 with core subunits of 7SK snRNP. In turn, P-TEFb relocates to chromatin to induce transcription of short units, including key DDR genes and multiple classes of non-coding RNAs. Critically, interfering with the axis of RBM7 and P-TEFb provokes cellular hypersensitivity to DNA-damage-inducing agents due to activation of apoptosis. Our work uncovers the importance of stress-dependent stimulation of Pol II pause release, which enables a pro-survival transcriptional response that is crucial for cell fate upon genotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Bugai
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Alexandre J C Quaresma
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Caroline C Friedel
- Institute for Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Tina Lenasi
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Robert Düster
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher R Sibley
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Koh Fujinaga
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Petra Kukanja
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Thomas Hennig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Blasius
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jernej Ule
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lars Dölken
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matjaž Barborič
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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265
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Watanabe S, Tsuchiya K, Nishimura R, Shirasaki T, Katsukura N, Hibiya S, Okamoto R, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. TP53 Mutation by CRISPR System Enhances the Malignant Potential of Colon Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1459-1467. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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266
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Human Papillomavirus E6/E7 and Long Noncoding RNA TMPOP2 Mutually Upregulated Gene Expression in Cervical Cancer Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01808-18. [PMID: 30728257 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01808-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TMPOP2 was previously suggested to be an oncogenic long noncoding RNA which is excessively expressed in cervical cancer cells and inhibits E-cadherin gene expression by recruiting transcription repressor EZH2 to the gene promoter. So far, the function and regulation of TMPOP2 in cervical cancer remain largely unknown. Herein, we found that TMPOP2 expression was correlated with human papillomavirus 16/18 (HPV16/18) E6 and E7 in cervical cancer cell lines CaSki and HeLa. Tumor suppressor p53, which is targeted for degradation by HPV16/18, was demonstrated to associate with two p53 response elements in the TMPOP2 promoter to repress the transcription of the TMPOP2 gene. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of TMPOP2 was demonstrated to sequester tumor repressor microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-375 and miR-139 which target HPV16/18 E6/E7 mRNA and resulted in an upregulation of HPV16/18 E6/E7 genes. Thereby, HPV16/18 E6/E7 and the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TMPOP2 form a positive feedback loop to mutually derepress gene expression in cervical cancer cells. Moreover, results of RNA sequencing and cell cycle analysis showed that knockdown of TMPOP2 impaired the expression of cell cycle genes, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited HeLa cell proliferation. Together, our results indicate that TMPOP2 and HPV16/18 E6/E7 mutually strengthen their expression in cervical cancer cells to enhance tumorigenic activities.IMPORTANCE Human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 (HPV16/18) are the main causative agents of cervical cancer. Viral proteins HPV16/18 E6 and E7 are constitutively expressed in cancer cells to maintain oncogenic phenotypes. Accumulating evidences suggest that HPVs are correlated with the deregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cervical cancer, although the mechanism was unexplored in most cases. TMPOP2 is a newly identified lncRNA excessively expressed in cervical cancer. However, the mechanism for the upregulation of TMPOP2 in cervical cancer cells remains largely unknown and its relationship with HPVs is still elusive. The significance of our research is in revealing the mutual upregulation of HPV16/18 E6/E7 and TMPOP2 with the molecular mechanisms explored. This study will expand our understandings of the oncogenic activities of human papillomaviruses and lncRNAs.
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267
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Hao S, Huo S, Du Z, Yang Q, Ren M, Liu S, Liu T, Zhang G. MicroRNA-related transcription factor regulatory networks in human colorectal cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15158. [PMID: 30985693 PMCID: PMC6485807 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an extremely common gastrointestinal malignancy. The present study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) associated with tumor development. METHODS Three miRNA profile datasets were integrated and analyzed to elucidate the potential key candidate miRNAs in CRC. The starBase database was used to identify the potential targets of common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database and Transcriptional Regulatory Relationships Unraveled by Sentence-based Text databases were used to identify cancer-related TFs and the TF-regulated target genes. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery (DAVID) database, and the miRNA-TF-gene networks were constructed by Cytoscape. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of genes and miRNAs. RESULTS In total, 14 DEMs were found in CRC. By bioinformatics analysis, 5 DEMs (miR-145, miR-497, miR-30a, miR-31, and miR-20a) and 8 TFs (ELK4 (ETS-family transcription factor), myeloblastosis proto-oncogene like (MYBL)1, MYBL2, CEBPA, PPARA, PPARD, PPARG, and endothelial PAS domain protein (EPAS1)) appeared to be associated with CRC and were therefore used to construct miRNA-TF-gene networks. From the networks, we found that miR-20a might play the most important role as an miRNA in the networks. By qRT-PCR, we demonstrated that miR-20a was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues. We also performed qRT-PCR to identify the expression of miR-20a-related TFs (PPARA, PPARD, PPARG, EPAS1). Three of them, PPARA, PPARG, and EPAS1, were downregulated in CRC tissues, with statistically significant differences, while the downregulation of PPARD in CRC tissues was not significantly different. Pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. Two main elements of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated agonist of cell death, were demonstrated to be downregulated in CRC. CONCLUSION The present study identified hub miRNAs and miRNA-related TF regulatory networks in CRC, which might be potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Hao
- Department of Medical Research Center
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
| | | | - Zhenwu Du
- Department of Medical Research Center
- Department of Orthopedics
| | | | | | - Shui Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center
- Department of Orthopedics
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268
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Gatti V, Fierro C, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. ΔNp63 in squamous cell carcinoma: defining the oncogenic routes affecting epigenetic landscape and tumour microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:981-1001. [PMID: 30845357 PMCID: PMC6487733 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a treatment‐refractory tumour which arises from the epithelium of diverse anatomical sites such as oesophagus, head and neck, lung and skin. Accumulating evidence has revealed a number of genomic, clinical and molecular features commonly observed in SCC of distinct origins. Some of these genetic events culminate in fostering the activity of ΔNp63, a potent oncogene which exerts its pro‐tumourigenic effects by regulating specific transcriptional programmes to sustain malignant cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we will describe the genetic and epigenetic determinants underlying ΔNp63 oncogenic activities in SCC, and discuss some relevant transcriptional effectors of ΔNp63, emphasizing their impact in modulating the crosstalk between tumour cells and tumour microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
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269
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Verma N, Franchitto M, Zonfrilli A, Cialfi S, Palermo R, Talora C. DNA Damage Stress: Cui Prodest? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1073. [PMID: 30832234 PMCID: PMC6429504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is an entity shielded by mechanisms that maintain genomic stability and are essential for living cells; however, DNA is constantly subject to assaults from the environment throughout the cellular life span, making the genome susceptible to mutation and irreparable damage. Cells are prepared to mend such events through cell death as an extrema ratio to solve those threats from a multicellular perspective. However, in cells under various stress conditions, checkpoint mechanisms are activated to allow cells to have enough time to repair the damaged DNA. In yeast, entry into the cell cycle when damage is not completely repaired represents an adaptive mechanism to cope with stressful conditions. In multicellular organisms, entry into cell cycle with damaged DNA is strictly forbidden. However, in cancer development, individual cells undergo checkpoint adaptation, in which most cells die, but some survive acquiring advantageous mutations and selfishly evolve a conflictual behavior. In this review, we focus on how, in cancer development, cells rely on checkpoint adaptation to escape DNA stress and ultimately to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra Verma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Franchitto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Zonfrilli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Samantha Cialfi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rocco Palermo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Talora
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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270
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Hafner A, Bulyk ML, Jambhekar A, Lahav G. The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:199-210. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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271
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Alavi MV. Targeted OMA1 therapies for cancer. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2330-2341. [PMID: 30714136 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial inner membrane proteins OMA1 and OPA1 belong to the BAX/BAK1-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway, which can be regulated by tumor protein p53 and the prohibitins PHB and PHB2 in the context of neoplastic disease. For the most part these proteins have been studied separate from each other. Here, I argue that the OMA1 mechanism of action represents the missing link between p53 and cytochrome c release. The mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 is cleaved by OMA1 in a stress-dependent manner generating S-OPA1. Excessive S-OPA1 can facilitate outer membrane permeabilization upon BAX/BAK1 activation through its membrane shaping properties. p53 helps outer membrane permeabilization in a 2-step process. First, cytosolic p53 activates BAX/BAK1 at the mitochondrial surface. Then, in a second step, p53 binds to prohibitin thereby releasing the restraint on OMA1. This activates OMA1, which cleaves OPA1 and promotes cytochrome c release. Clearly, OMA1 and OPA1 are not root causes for cancer. Yet many cancer cells rely on this pathway for survival, which can explain why loss of p53 function promotes tumor growth and confers resistance to chemotherapies.
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272
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Alnajjar KS, Sweasy JB. A new perspective on oxidation of DNA repair proteins and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 76:60-69. [PMID: 30818170 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are formed as byproducts of many endogenous cellular processes, in response to infections, and upon exposure to various environmental factors. An increase in RONS can saturate the antioxidation system and leads to oxidative stress. Consequently, macromolecules are targeted for oxidative modifications, including DNA and protein. The oxidation of DNA, which leads to base modification and formation of abasic sites along with single and double strand breaks, has been extensively investigated. Protein oxidation is often neglected and is only recently being recognized as an important regulatory mechanism of various DNA repair proteins. This is a review of the current state of research on the regulation of DNA repair by protein oxidation with emphasis on the correlation between inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh S Alnajjar
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States.
| | - Joann B Sweasy
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States
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273
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Chao D, Pang L, Shi Y, Wang W, Liu K. AZD3759 induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells by activating a p53-SMAD4 positive feedback loop. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:535-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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274
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Fischer M. Conservation and divergence of the p53 gene regulatory network between mice and humans. Oncogene 2019; 38:4095-4109. [PMID: 30710145 PMCID: PMC6755996 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the p53 tumor suppressor pathway remains crucial for the design of anticancer strategies. Studies in human tumors and mouse models help to unravel the molecular mechanisms that underlie the p53 signaling pathway. Yet, the p53 gene regulatory network (GRN) is not the same in mice and humans. The comparison of the regulatory networks of p53 in mice and humans reveals that gene up- and down-regulation by p53 are distinctly affected during evolution. Importantly, gene up-regulation by p53 underwent more rapid evolution and gene down-regulation has been evolutionarily constrained. This difference stems from the two major mechanisms employed by p53 to regulate gene expression: up-regulation through direct p53 target gene binding and indirect down-regulation through the p53-p21-DREAM pathway. More than 1000 genes have been identified to differ in their p53-dependent expression between mice and humans. Analysis of p53 gene expression profiles and p53 binding data reveal that turnover of p53 binding sites is the major mechanism underlying extensive variation in p53-dependent gene up-regulation. Only a core set of high-confidence genes appears to be directly regulated by p53 in both species. In contrast to up-regulation, p53-induced down-regulation is well conserved between mice and humans and controls cell cycle genes. Here a curated data set is provided that extends the previously established web-atlas at www.targetgenereg.org to assess the p53 response of any human gene of interest and its mouse ortholog. Taken together, the analysis reveals a limited translation potential from mouse models to humans for the p53 GRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Molecular Oncology Group, Medical School, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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275
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Lee JY, Lee SH, Kim KS, Park KH, Park KS. Ell3 functions as a critical decision maker at the crossroad between stem cell senescence and apoptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30654843 PMCID: PMC6335702 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ell3 is a RNA polymerase II elongation factor that has various cell type-dependent functions, such as regulating the differentiation efficiency of embryonic stem cells and sensitizing cancer cells to anticancer drugs. However, there has been little research on the role of Ell3 on the regulation of senescence and apoptosis of stem cells. Methods We analyzed the senescence of Ell3-suppressed stem cells by mitochondrial activity, β-gal (+) cells, and lineage differentiation efficiency. The apoptosis of Ell3-overexpressing stem cells was analyzed by Annexin V staining, Immunoblot, and Live&dead assay. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays were used to demonstrate p53 functions as a direct transcriptional activator of Ell3. Results Suppression of Ell3 expression induced senescence in stem cells by increasing Bcl-2 expression. Unlike the effect of Ell3 suppression, the ectopic expression of Ell3 induces apoptosis of stem cells and induces apoptosis of adjacent cells. In addition, p53 functions as a direct transcriptional activator of Ell3 during the stem cell apoptosis. Conclusions We suggest that the function of Ell3 is associated with the p53-Bcl2 axis in both senescent and apoptotic ADSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1137-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea.
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276
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Borini Etichetti C, Di Benedetto C, Rossi C, Baglioni MV, Bicciato S, Del Sal G, Menacho-Marquez M, Girardini J. Isoprenylcysteine carboxy methyltransferase (ICMT) is associated with tumor aggressiveness and its expression is controlled by the p53 tumor suppressor. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5060-5073. [PMID: 30655292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenyl cysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) plays a key role in post-translational regulation of prenylated proteins. On the basis of previous results, we hypothesized that the p53 pathway and ICMT expression may be linked in cancer cells. Here, we studied whether WT p53 and cancer-associated p53 point mutants regulate ICMT levels and whether ICMT overexpression affects tumor progression. Studying the effect of p53 variants on ICMT mRNA and protein levels in cancer cells, we found that WT p53 and p53 mutants differentially affect ICMT expression, indicating that p53 status influences ICMT levels in tumors. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we constructed ICMT-luciferase reporters and found that WT p53 represses ICMT transcription. In contrast, p53 mutants showed a positive effect on ICMT expression. Promoter truncation analyses pinpointed the repressive effect of WT p53 to the -209 and -14 region on the ICMT promoter, and ChIP assays indicated that WT p53 is recruited to this region. Instead, a different promoter region was identified as responsible for the mutant p53 effect. Studying the effect of ICMT overexpression on tumor-associated phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, and analyzing breast and lung cancer databases, we identified a correlation between p53 status and ICMT expression in breast and lung cancers. Moreover, we observed that ICMT overexpression is correlated with negative clinical outcomes. Our work unveils a link between postprenylation protein processing and the p53 pathway, indicating that the functional interplay between WT and mutant p53 alters ICMT levels, thereby affecting tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Borini Etichetti
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina, the Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
| | - Carolina Di Benedetto
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina, the Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
| | - Carolina Rossi
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina, the Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
| | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- the Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- the Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,the Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy, and
| | - Mauricio Menacho-Marquez
- the Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Javier Girardini
- From the Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina, the Instituto de Genética Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas,
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277
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Pham TND, Ma W, Miller D, Kazakova L, Benchimol S. Erythropoietin inhibits chemotherapy-induced cell death and promotes a senescence-like state in leukemia cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:22. [PMID: 30622244 PMCID: PMC6325163 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports on the adverse effects of erythropoietin (EPO) for the management of cancer-associated anemia. The recognition that erythropoietin receptors (EPORs) are expressed outside the erythroid lineage and concerns that erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may cause tumors to grow and increase the risk of venous thromboembolism have resulted in substantially fewer cancer patients receiving ESA therapy to manage myelosuppressive chemotherapy. In this study, we found that EPO suppresses p53-dependent apoptosis induced by genotoxic (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and γ-radiation) and non-genotoxic (nutlin-3a) agents and induces a senescence-like state in myeloid leukemia cells. EPO interferes with stress-dependent Mdm2 downregulation and leads to the destabilization of p53 protein. EPO selectively modulates the expression of p53 target genes in response to DNA damage preventing the induction of a number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) previously associated with p53-dependent apoptosis. EPO also enhances the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 and promotes recruitment of p53 to the p21 promoter. In addition, EPO antagonizes Mcl-1 protein degradation in daunorubicin-treated cells. Hence, EPO signaling targets Mcl-1 expression and the p53-Mdm2 network to promote tumor cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weili Ma
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David Miller
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Lidia Kazakova
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Samuel Benchimol
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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278
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Hu Y, Jin R, Gao M, Xu H, Zou S, Li X, Xing C, Wang Q, Wang H, Feng J, Hu M, Song L. Transcriptional repression of IKKβ by p53 in arsenite-induced GADD45α accumulation and apoptosis. Oncogene 2019; 38:731-746. [PMID: 30177839 PMCID: PMC6355650 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that GADD45α is a liable protein, which undergoes MDM2-dependent constitutive ubiquitination and degradation in resting HepG2 hepatoma cells. Arsenite exposure induces ribosomal stress responses mediated by the ribosomal protein S7, which can block MDM2 activity and result in GADD45α accumulation and cell apoptosis. In the present study, we found that one of the catalytic subunits of IκB kinase (IKK), IKKβ, exerted a novel IKKα- and NF-κB-independent function in stabilizing MDM2 and therefore contributed to ubiquitination-dependent degradation of GADD45α in resting HepG2 cells. Arsenite stimulation induced transactivation of p53, which formed a complex with its downstream target, Ets-1, and then synergistically repressed IKKβ transcription, reduced MDM2 stability, and ultimately removed the inhibitory effect of MDM2 on GADD45α induction. In addition, DAPK1 functioned as an upstream protein kinase triggering p53/Ets-1-dependent IKKβ and MDM2 reduction and GADD45α accumulation, thus promoting apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Subsequent studies further revealed that the activation of the DAPK1/p53/Ets-1/IKKβ/MDM2/GADD45α cascade was a common signaling event in mediating apoptosis of diverse cancer cells induced by arsenite and other tumor therapeutic agents. Therefore, we conclude that data in the current study have revealed a novel role for IKKβ in negatively regulating GADD45α protein stability and the contribution of p53-dependent IKKβ reduction to mediating cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Hu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Dermatology, The 309 Hospital of PLA, 17 Heishanhu Street, Beijing, 100091, P. R. China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Tumor Biology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuxian Zou
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xing
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiannan Feng
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Meiru Hu
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lun Song
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Beijing Institute of Brain Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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279
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Wu L, He Y, Hu Y, Lu H, Cao Z, Yi X, Wang J. Real-time surface plasmon resonance monitoring of site-specific phosphorylation of p53 protein and its interaction with MDM2 protein. Analyst 2019; 144:6033-6040. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of site-specific phosphorylation of p53 protein and its binding to MDM2 is conducted using dual-channel surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Yuhan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Yuqing Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Hanwen Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Zhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410114
| | - Xinyao Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China 410083
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety
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280
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Tang X, Li Q, Liang X, Yang J, Liu Z, Li Q. Inhibition of proliferation and migration of tumor cells through lipoic acid-modified oligoethylenimine-mediated p53 gene delivery. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of proliferation and migration of tumor cells through lipoic acid-modified oligoethylenimine-mediated p53 gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhui Tang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Jiebing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Ziling Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education
- School of Life Sciences
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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281
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Biamonte F, Battaglia AM, Zolea F, Oliveira DM, Aversa I, Santamaria G, Giovannone ED, Rocco G, Viglietto G, Costanzo F. Ferritin heavy subunit enhances apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells through modulation of miR-125b/p53 axis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1174. [PMID: 30518922 PMCID: PMC6281584 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is a nanocage protein composed by the variable assembly of 24 heavy and light subunits. As major intracellular iron storage protein, ferritin has been studied for many years in the context of iron metabolism. However, recent evidences have highlighted its role, in particular that of the heavy subunit (FHC), in pathways related to cancer development and progression, such as cell proliferation, growth suppressor evasion, cell death inhibition, and angiogenesis. At least partly, the involvement in these pathways is due to the ability of FHC to control the expression of a repertoire of oncogenes and oncomiRNAs. Moreover, the existence of a feedback loop between FHC and the tumor suppressor p53 has been demonstrated in different cell types. Here, we show that ectopic over-expression of FHC induces the promoter hypermethylation and the down-regulation of miR-125b that, in turn, enhances p53 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Notably, analysis by absolute quantitative RT-PCR of FHC, miR-125b, and p53 strongly suggests that this axis might be active in human NSCLC tissue specimens. In vitro, FHC over-expression attenuates survival of NSCLC cells by inducing p53-mediated intrinsic apoptosis that is partially abrogated upon miR-125b re-expression. Overall, our findings demonstrate that FHC acts as a tumor suppressor gene, thus providing a potential molecular strategy for induction of NSCLC apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Biamonte
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zolea
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Duarte Mendes Oliveira
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilia Dora Giovannone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Department of Thoracic Surgical and Medical Oncology, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Research Center of Biochemistry and Advanced Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Services (CIS), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus Salvatore Venuta -Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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282
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Naletova I, Satriano C, Curci A, Margiotta N, Natile G, Arena G, La Mendola D, Nicoletti VG, Rizzarelli E. Cytotoxic phenanthroline derivatives alter metallostasis and redox homeostasis in neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36289-36316. [PMID: 30555630 PMCID: PMC6284747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper homeostasis is generally investigated focusing on a single component of the metallostasis network. Here we address several of the factors controlling the metallostasis for neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) upon treatment with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (cuproindione). These compounds bind and transport copper inside cells, exert their cytotoxic activity through the induction of oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and alteration of the cellular redox and copper homeostasis network. The intracellular pathway ensured by copper transporters (Ctr1, ATP7A), chaperones (CCS, ATOX, COX 17, Sco1, Sco2), small molecules (GSH) and transcription factors (p53) is scrutinised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Naletova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Curci
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Margiotta
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Natile
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
| | - Diego La Mendola
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Nicoletti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Bari, Italy
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283
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Yu X, Buck MJ. Defining TP53 pioneering capabilities with competitive nucleosome binding assays. Genome Res 2018; 29:107-115. [PMID: 30409772 PMCID: PMC6314159 DOI: 10.1101/gr.234104.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate gene expression requires the targeting of transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory sequences often occluded within nucleosomes. The ability to target a TF binding site (TFBS) within a nucleosome has been the defining characteristic for a special class of TFs known as pioneer factors. Recent studies suggest TP53 functions as a pioneer factor that can target its TFBS within nucleosomes, but it remains unclear how TP53 binds to nucleosomal DNA. To comprehensively examine TP53 nucleosome binding, we competitively bound TP53 to multiple in vitro–formed nucleosomes containing a high- or low-affinity TP53 TFBS located at differing translational and rotational positions within the nucleosome. Stable TP53–nucleosome complexes were isolated and quantified using next-generation sequencing. Our results demonstrate TP53 binding is limited to nucleosome edges with significant binding inhibition occurring within 50 bp of the nucleosome dyad. Binding site affinity only affects TP53 binding for TFBSs located at the same nucleosomal positions; otherwise, nucleosome position takes precedence. Furthermore, TP53 has strong nonspecific nucleosome binding facilitating its interaction with chromatin. Our in vitro findings were confirmed by examining TP53-induced binding in a cell line model, showing induced binding at nucleosome edges flanked by a nucleosome-free region. Overall, our results suggest that the pioneering capabilities of TP53 are driven by nonspecific nucleosome binding with specific binding at nucleosome edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Yu
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Michael J Buck
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
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284
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Regulatory mechanisms of miR-145 expression and the importance of its function in cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:195-207. [PMID: 30396077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are post-transcriptional mediators of gene expression and regulation, which play influential roles in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. The expression of tumor suppressor miR-145 is reduced in various cancer cell lines, containing both solid tumors and blood malignancies. However, the responsible mechanisms of its down-regulation are a complicated network. miR-145 is potentially able to inhbit tumor cell metastasis by targeting of multiple oncogenes, including MUC1, FSCN1, Vimentin, Cadherin, Fibronectin, Metadherin, GOLM1, ARF6, SMAD3, MMP11, Snail1, ZEB1/2, HIF-1α and Rock-1. This distinctive role of miR-145 in the regulation of metastasis-related gene expression may introduce miR-145 as an ideal candidate for controlling of cancer metastasis by miRNA replacement therapy. The present review aims to discuss the current understanding of the different aspects of molecular mechanisms of miR-145 regulation as well as its role in r metastasis regulation.
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285
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Xie M, Li DW, Yuan J, Hansen AL, Brüschweiler R. Quantitative Binding Behavior of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins to Nanoparticle Surfaces at Individual Residue Level. Chemistry 2018; 24:16997-17001. [PMID: 30240067 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative and predictive understanding how intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) interact with engineered nanoparticles has potentially important implications for new therapeutics as well as nanotoxicology. Based on a recently developed solution 15 N NMR relaxation approach, the interactions between four representative IDPs with silica nanoparticles are reported at atomic detail. Each IDP possesses distinct binding modes, which can be quantitatively explained by the local amino-acid residue composition using a "free residue interaction model". The model was parameterized using the binding affinities of free proteinogenic amino acids along with long-range effects, derived by site-specific mutagenesis, that exponentially scale with distance along the primary sequence. The model, which is accessible through a web server, can be applied to predict the residue-specific binding affinities of a large number of IDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouzhe Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexandar L Hansen
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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286
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Yang Y, Wang C, Zhao K, Zhang G, Wang D, Mei Y. TRMP, a p53-inducible long noncoding RNA, regulates G1/S cell cycle progression by modulating IRES-dependent p27 translation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:886. [PMID: 30166522 PMCID: PMC6117267 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 plays a pivotal role in the protection against cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the regulation of the p53 pathway, however, the detailed mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. In this study, we report a new p53-inducible lncRNA that we termed TRMP (TP53-regulated modulator of p27). As a direct transcriptional target of p53, TRMP plays an unexpected pro-survival function. Knockdown of TRMP inhibits cell proliferation by inducing a G1 cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, TRMP suppresses internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-dependent translation of p27 by competing p27 mRNA for polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) binding. Furthermore, TRMP is able to regulate cell proliferation, G1/S cell cycle progression, and tumor xenograft growth via the inhibition of p27. Taken together, these findings suggest lncRNA as a new layer to fine-tune the p53 response and reveal TRMP as an important downstream effector of p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenfeng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kailiang Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yide Mei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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287
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288
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Kamata S, Yamamoto J, Ohtani H, Tosaka Y, Yoshikawa S, Akahoshi N, Ishii I. 2D DIGE proteomic analysis reveals fasting-induced protein remodeling through organ-specific transcription factor(s) in mice. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1524-1543. [PMID: 30186752 PMCID: PMC6120221 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnight fasting is a routine procedure before surgery in clinical settings. Intermittent fasting is the most common diet/fitness trend implemented for weight loss and the treatment of lifestyle‐related diseases. In either setting, the effects not directly related to parameters of interest, either beneficial or harmful, are often ignored. We previously demonstrated differential activation of cellular adaptive responses in 13 atrophied/nonatrophied organs of fasted mice by quantitative PCR analysis of gene expression. Here, we investigated 2‐day fasting‐induced protein remodeling in six major mouse organs (liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, brain, and testis) using two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) proteomics as an alternative means to examine systemic adaptive responses. Quantitative analysis of protein expression followed by protein identification using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) revealed that the expression levels of 72, 26, and 14 proteins were significantly up‐ or downregulated in the highly atrophied liver, thymus, and spleen, respectively, and the expression levels of 32 proteins were up‐ or downregulated in the mildly atrophied kidney. Conversely, there were no significant protein expression changes in the nonatrophied organs, brain and testis. Upstream regulator analysis highlighted transcriptional regulation by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in the liver and kidney and by tumor protein/suppressor p53 (TP53) in the thymus, spleen, and liver. These results imply of the existence of both common and distinct adaptive responses between major mouse organs, which involve transcriptional regulation of specific protein expression upon short‐term fasting. Our data may be valuable in understanding systemic transcriptional regulation upon fasting in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Kamata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Junya Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Haruka Ohtani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Tosaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayumi Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Noriyuki Akahoshi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry Showa Pharmaceutical University Tokyo Japan.,Laboratory of Biochemistry Keio University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo Japan
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289
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Labuschagne CF, Zani F, Vousden KH. Control of metabolism by p53 - Cancer and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:32-42. [PMID: 29883595 PMCID: PMC6102416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
p53 is an important tumour suppressor gene, with loss of p53 contributing to the development of most human cancers. However, the activation of p53 in response to stress signals underpins a role for p53 in diverse aspects of health and disease. Activities of p53 that regulate metabolism can play a role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells from damage - so preventing disease development. By contrast, either loss or over-activation of p53 can contribute to numerous metabolic pathologies, including aging, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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290
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NGS-identified circulating miR-375 as a potential regulating component of myocardial infarction associated network. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:173-179. [PMID: 30025897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI), the most severe type of coronary heart disease, is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. In order to investigate the involvement of miRNAs in the pathologic processes related to MI, we performed the analysis of circulating miRNAs - stable short noncoding RNA molecules - in the peripheral blood plasma of MI patients compared to healthy controls (all persons were men and lived in European Russia) using next generation sequencing. We observed 20 miRNAs, which levels in plasma more than two-fold differed in MI patients (p < 0.05). Among them miR-208b and miR-375 passed threshold for multiple corrections (FC = 49.2, FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.0078 and FC = -6.4, FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.00076, respectively); these data were then validated using RT-qPCR (FC = 5.3, p-value = 0.028 and FC = -2.1, p-value = 0.0039, respectively). While for miR-208b we reidentified earlier observations, miR-375 was found to be associated with MI for the first time. To investigate the reasons for which miR-375 holds a special place among circulating miRNAs in MI, enrichment and network analyses of miR-375 target genes and their interactions were carried out. PIK3CA and TP53 genes, regulated by miR-375, were identified as the key players of MI disease module.
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291
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Alidadiani N, Ghaderi S, Dilaver N, Bakhshamin S, Bayat M. Epithelial mesenchymal transition Transcription Factor (TF): The structure, function and microRNA feedback loop. Gene 2018; 674:115-120. [PMID: 29936265 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon in which epithelial cells lose their cell to cell adhesion and detach from the base of the membrane. EMT is a fundamental process which occurs during tumor progression and metastasis. Cancer genomics is a complex network which involves a variety of factors such as transcription factors (TFs), coding genes and microRNAs (miRs). Both TFs and miRs are trans-regulatory elements that crosstalk. Due to a wide range of targets, TF-miR interaction provides a feedback or feedforward loop and cross-gene regulation consequently. In this review, we focused on the structure and function of two TF families involved in EMT, zinc finger and β helix loop helix and p53. Subsequently we analyzed recent findings on TF-miR interaction in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Alidadiani
- Department of system physiology, Rhur University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Department of system physiology, Rhur University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Nafi Dilaver
- Swansea University, College of Medicine, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Saina Bakhshamin
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Bayat
- Department of Mycology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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292
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Abstract
Ceramides, important players in signal transduction, interact with multiple cellular pathways, including p53 pathways. However, the relationship between ceramide and p53 is very complex, and mechanisms underlying their coregulation are diverse and not fully characterized. The role of p53, an important cellular regulator and a transcription factor, is linked to its tumor suppressor function. Ceramides are involved in the regulation of fundamental processes in cancer cells including cell death, proliferation, autophagy, and drug resistance. This regulation, however, can be pro-death or pro-survival depending on cancer type, the balance between ceramide species, the rate of their synthesis and utilization, and the availability of a specific array of downstream targets. This chapter highlights the central role of ceramide in sphingolipid metabolism, its role in cancer, specific effectors in ceramide pathways controlled by p53, and coregulation of ceramide and p53 signaling. We discuss the recent studies, which underscore the function of p53 in the regulation of ceramide pathways and the reciprocal regulation of p53 by ceramide. This complex relationship is based on several molecular mechanisms including the p53-dependent transcriptional regulation of enzymes in sphingolipid pathways, the activation of mutant p53 through ceramide-mediated alternative splicing, as well as modulation of the p53 function through direct and indirect effects on p53 coregulators and downstream targets. Further insight into the connections between ceramide and p53 will allow simultaneous targeting of the two pathways with a potential to yield more efficient anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Jeffries
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States; Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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293
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Stiewe T, Haran TE. How mutations shape p53 interactions with the genome to promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:27-43. [PMID: 29857816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 regulates a wide array of cellular processes that confer upon cells an essential protection against cancer development. Wild-type p53 regulates gene expression by directly binding to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. p53 missense mutations are the most common mutations in malignant cells and can be regarded as synonymous with anticancer drug resistance and poor prognosis. The current review provides an overview of how the extraordinary variety of more than 2000 different mutant p53 proteins, known as the p53 mutome, affect the interaction of p53 with DNA. We discuss how the classification of p53 mutations to loss of function (LOF), gain of function (GOF), and dominant-negative (DN) inhibition of a remaining wild-type allele, hides a complex p53 mutation spectrum that depends on the distinctive nature of each mutant protein, requiring different therapeutic strategies for each mutant p53 protein. We propose to regard the different mutant p53 categories as continuous variables, that may not be independent of each other. In particular, we suggest here to consider GOF mutations as a special subset of LOF mutations, especially when mutant p53 binds to DNA through cooperation with other transcription factors, and we present a model for GOF mechanism that consolidates many observations on the GOF phenomenon. We review how novel mutant p53 targeting approaches aim to restore a wild-type-like DNA interaction and to overcome resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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294
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The Guardian of the Genome Revisited: p53 Downregulates Genes Required for Telomere Maintenance, DNA Repair, and Centromere Structure. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10050135. [PMID: 29734785 PMCID: PMC5977108 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein has been extensively studied for its capacity to prevent proliferation of cells with a damaged genome. Surprisingly, however, our recent analysis of mice expressing a hyperactive mutant p53 that lacks the C-terminal domain revealed that increased p53 activity may alter genome maintenance. We showed that p53 downregulates genes essential for telomere metabolism, DNA repair, and centromere structure and that a sustained p53 activity leads to phenotypic traits associated with dyskeratosis congenita and Fanconi anemia. This downregulation is largely conserved in human cells, which suggests that our findings could be relevant to better understand processes involved in bone marrow failure as well as aging and tumor suppression.
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295
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Tan Z, Li J, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhang Z, Yin KJ, Huang H. P53 Promotes Retinoid Acid-induced Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Targeting Myocardin. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:534-544. [PMID: 29482449 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a widely studied tumor suppressor gene that controls various cellular functions, including cell differentiation. However, little is known about its functional roles in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). SMC differentiation is at the heart of our understanding of vascular development, normal blood pressure homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, restenosis, as well as aneurysm. Using retinoid acid (RA)-induced SMC differentiation models, we observed that p53 expression is increased during in vitro differentiation of mouse ESCs into SMCs. Meanwhile, suppression of p53 by shRNA reduced RA-induced SMC differentiation. Mechanistically, we have identified for the first time that Myocardin, a transcription factor that induces muscle cell differentiation and muscle-specific gene expression, is the direct target of p53 by bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches. Moreover, in vivo SMC-selective p53 transgenic overexpression inhibited injury-induced neointimal formation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that p53 and its target gene, Myocardin, play regulatory roles in SMC differentiation. This study may lead to the identification of novel target molecules that may, in turn, lead to novel drug discoveries for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tan
- 1 Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingya Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- 2 Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xueqin Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Zunyi Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- 2 Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huarong Huang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University , Hangzhou, China
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296
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori – IRCCS -Fondazione G, Pascale, Naples, Italy
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