251
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Azzarello A, Hoest T, Hay-Schmidt A, Mikkelsen AL. Live birth potential of good morphology and vitrified blastocysts presenting abnormal cell divisions. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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252
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Chen M, Wei S, Hu J, Yuan J, Liu F. Does time-lapse imaging have favorable results for embryo incubation and selection compared with conventional methods in clinical in vitro fertilization? A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178720. [PMID: 28570713 PMCID: PMC5453598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to undertake a review of available evidence assessing whether time-lapse imaging (TLI) has favorable outcomes for embryo incubation and selection compared with conventional methods in clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS Using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and ClinicalTrial.gov up to February 2017 to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TLI versus conventional methods. Both studies randomized women and oocytes were included. For studies randomized women, the primary outcomes were live birth and ongoing pregnancy, the secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy and miscarriage; for studies randomized oocytes, the primary outcome was blastocyst rate, the secondary outcome was good quality embryo on Day 2/3. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on different incubation and embryo selection between groups. RESULTS Ten RCTs were included, four randomized oocytes and six randomized women. For oocyte-based review, the pool-analysis observed no significant difference between TLI group and control group for blastocyst rate [relative risk (RR) 1.08, 95% CI 0.94-1.25, I2 = 0%, two studies, including 1154 embryos]. The quality of evidence was moderate for all outcomes in oocyte-based review. For woman-based review, only one study provided live birth rate (RR 1,23, 95% CI 1.06-1.44,I2 N/A, one study, including 842 women), the pooled result showed no significant difference in ongoing pregnancy rate (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.80-1.36, I2 = 59%, four studies, including 1403 women) between two groups. The quality of the evidence was low or very low for all outcomes in woman-based review. CONCLUSIONS Currently there is insufficient evidence to support that TLI is superior to conventional methods for human embryo incubation and selection. In consideration of the limitations and flaws of included studies, more well designed RCTs are still in need to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of clinical TLI use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Chen
- Reproductive Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyou Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Reproductive Center, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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253
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Sugimura S, Akai T, Imai K. Selection of viable in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos using time-lapse monitoring in microwell culture dishes. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:353-357. [PMID: 28552887 PMCID: PMC5593086 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventionally, in vitro-fertilized (IVF) bovine embryos for transfer are morphologically evaluated at day 7–8 of embryo culture. This method is, however, subjective and results in unreliable selection. We
previously described a novel selection system for IVF bovine blastocysts for transfer that traces the development of individual embryos with time-lapse monitoring in our specially developed microwell culture dishes (LinKID
micro25). The system can noninvasively identify prognostic factors that reflect viability after transfer. By assessing a combination of identified prognostic factors —timing of the first cleavage; number of blastomeres at the end
of the first cleavage; and number of blastomeres at the onset of lag-phase, which results in temporary developmental arrest during the fourth or fifth cell cycle— the pregnancy rate was improved over using conventional
morphological evaluation. Time-lapse monitoring with LinKID micro25 could facilitate objective and reliable selection of healthy IVF bovine embryos. Here, we review the novel bovine embryo selection system that allows for
prediction of viability after transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sugimura
- Department of Biological Production, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomonori Akai
- Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Imai
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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254
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Vermeesch JR, Voet T, Devriendt K. Prenatal and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 17:643-56. [PMID: 27629932 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the development of technologies that have revolutionized prenatal genetic testing; that is, genetic testing from conception until birth. Genome-wide single-cell arrays and high-throughput sequencing analyses are dramatically increasing our ability to detect embryonic and fetal genetic lesions, and have substantially improved embryo selection for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Moreover, both invasive and non-invasive mutation scanning of the genome are helping to identify the genetic causes of prenatal developmental disorders. These advances are changing clinical practice and pose novel challenges for genetic counselling and prenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Centre for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 49 Herestraat, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Centre for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 49 Herestraat, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Devriendt
- Centre for Human Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 49 Herestraat, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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255
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The effect of follicle size and homogeneity of follicular development on the morphokinetics of human embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:895-903. [PMID: 28470453 PMCID: PMC5476546 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our aim was to investigate follicular size (large, ≥17 mm and small, <17 mm) at the time of OPU and homogeneity of follicular development (homogenous development: follicles being present in a homogenous spread of all sizes; heterogeneous: a predominance of small and large follicles) by analysing the morphokinetics of embryo development. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 2526 COCs belonging to 187 patients were cultured to day 5. Embryos were evaluated morphokinetically. Four subgroups were defined: large follicles from heterogeneous cycles (LHet) and homogenous cycles (LHom) and small follicles from heterogeneous cycles (SHet) and homogenous cycles (SHom). Results Rates of fertilization, blastocyst formation and top and good quality blastocysts were found to be significantly higher in embryos from the LHom group (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Small follicles from both homogenous and heterogeneous cycles had significantly lower blastocyst formation and top and good quality blastocyst rates (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Embryos from SHet had significantly more direct cleavages (p = 0.011). Time to reach blastocyst was shorter in SHom than LHet and LHom (p = 0.002; p = 0.027, respectively). However, once the blastocyst stage was achieved, implantation rates were not significantly different between subgroups, the highest rate being observed in the LHom group. Multivariable analysis revealed that homogeneity of follicular development and follicular size had a significant effect on blastocyst development and quality (p = 0.049; p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Follicular dynamics, illustrated by follicular size and homogeneity of follicular development, influence early human embryo development. Patterns of follicular growth have an impact on embryo quality and viability which is reflected in morphokinetic variables. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10815-017-0935-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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256
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Li W, Wang P, Zhang B, Zhang J, Ming J, Xie W, Na J. Differential regulation of H3S10 phosphorylation, mitosis progression and cell fate by Aurora Kinase B and C in mouse preimplantation embryos. Protein Cell 2017; 8:662-674. [PMID: 28434146 PMCID: PMC5563281 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cell division and cell fate is crucial for the successful development of mammalian early embryos. Aurora kinases are evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases and key regulators of mitosis. Aurora kinase B (AurkB) is ubiquitously expressed while Aurora kinase C (AurkC) is specifically expressed in gametes and preimplantation embryos. We found that increasing AurkC level in one blastomere of the 2-cell embryo accelerated cell division and decreasing AurkC level slowed down mitosis. Changing AurkB level had the opposite effect. The kinase domains of AurkB and AurkC were responsible for their different ability to phosphorylate Histone H3 Serine 10 (H3S10P) and regulate metaphase timing. Using an Oct4-photoactivatable GFP fusion protein (Oct4-paGFP) and fluorescence decay after photoactivation assay, we found that AurkB overexpression reduced Oct4 retention in the nucleus. Finally, we show that blastomeres with higher AurkC level elevated pluripotency gene expression, which were inclined to enter the inner cell mass lineage and subsequently contributed to the embryo proper. Collectively, our results are the first demonstration that the activity of mitotic kinases can influence cell fate decisions in mammalian preimplantation embryos and have important implications to assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peizhe Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Ming
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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257
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Capalbo A, Rienzi L. Mosaicism between trophectoderm and inner cell mass. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1098-1106. [PMID: 28433375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defining the actual incidence and prevalence of mosaicism in human blastocysts still remains a difficult task. The small amount of evidence generated by animal and human studies does not support the existence of mechanisms involved in developmental arrest, clonal depletion, or aneuploidy rescue for abnormal cells in euploid/aneuploid embryos during preimplantation development. However, studies in humans are mainly descriptive and lack functional evidence. Understanding the biological mechanisms that beset preimplantation differentiation holds the potential to reveal the role of aneuploidies and gene dosage imbalances in cell fate decision, providing important clues on the origin and evolution of embryonic mosaicism. The evidence on human blastocysts suggests that a mosaic euploid/aneuploid configuration is detected in around 5% of embryos. This figure supports the extremely low level of mosaicism reported in natural and IVF pregnancies. Similarly, the clinical management of patterns consistent with the presence of mosaicism in a trophectoderm biopsy during preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles (PGD-A) is still a controversial issue. Despite the facts that some contemporary comprehensive chromosomal screening platforms can detect mosaic samples in cell mixture models with variable accuracy and many reproductive genetics laboratories are now routinely including embryonic mosaicism on their genetic reports, a diagnosis of certainty for mosaicism in PGD-A cycles is conceptually impracticable. Indeed, several technical and biological sources of errors clearly exist when trying to estimate mosaicism from a single trophectoderm biopsy in PGD-A cycles and must be understood to adequately guide patients during clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Capalbo
- GENERA, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Laura Rienzi
- GENERA, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Clinica Valle Giulia, Rome, Italy; GENETYX, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Vicenza, Italy
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258
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Milewski R, Ajduk A. Time-lapse imaging of cleavage divisions in embryo quality assessment. Reproduction 2017; 154:R37-R53. [PMID: 28408705 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most important procedures for treating infertility. As several embryos are usually produced in a single IVF cycle, it is crucial to select only the most viable ones for transfer to the patient. Morphokinetics, i.e. analysis of the dynamics of cleavage divisions and processes such as compaction and cavitation, has provided both biologists and clinicians with a new set of data regarding embryonic behaviour during preimplantation development and its association with embryo quality. In the current review, we focus on biological significance of morphokinetic parameters and show how they can be used to predict a reproductive outcome. We also explain the statistics behind the predictive algorithms and discuss the future perspectives of morphokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Milewski
- Department of Statistics and Medical InformaticsMedical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Ajduk
- Department of EmbryologyFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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259
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Time-lapse imaging reveals differences in growth dynamics of embryos after in vitro maturation compared with conventional stimulation. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:606-612.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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260
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Jacobs K, Van de Velde H, De Paepe C, Sermon K, Spits C. Mitotic spindle disruption in human preimplantation embryos activates the spindle assembly checkpoint but not apoptosis until Day 5 of development. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:321-329. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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261
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Lagalla C, Tarozzi N, Sciajno R, Wells D, Di Santo M, Nadalini M, Distratis V, Borini A. Embryos with morphokinetic abnormalities may develop into euploid blastocysts. Reprod Biomed Online 2017; 34:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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262
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Bhide P, Maheshwari A, Cutting R, Seenan S, Patel A, Khan K, Homburg R. Time lapse imaging: is it time to incorporate this technology into routine clinical practice? HUM FERTIL 2017; 20:74-79. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1283068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhide
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital NHS foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abha Maheshwari
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Fertility Centre, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cutting
- Jessop Fertility, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Seenan
- Fertility Network UK, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Patel
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid Khan
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roy Homburg
- Homerton Fertility Centre, Homerton University Hospital NHS foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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263
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Hasley A, Chavez S, Danilchik M, Wühr M, Pelegri F. Vertebrate Embryonic Cleavage Pattern Determination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:117-171. [PMID: 27975272 PMCID: PMC6500441 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of the earliest cell divisions in a vertebrate embryo lays the groundwork for later developmental events such as gastrulation, organogenesis, and overall body plan establishment. Understanding these early cleavage patterns and the mechanisms that create them is thus crucial for the study of vertebrate development. This chapter describes the early cleavage stages for species representing ray-finned fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals, and proto-vertebrate ascidians and summarizes current understanding of the mechanisms that govern these patterns. The nearly universal influence of cell shape on orientation and positioning of spindles and cleavage furrows and the mechanisms that mediate this influence are discussed. We discuss in particular models of aster and spindle centering and orientation in large embryonic blastomeres that rely on asymmetric internal pulling forces generated by the cleavage furrow for the previous cell cycle. Also explored are mechanisms that integrate cell division given the limited supply of cellular building blocks in the egg and several-fold changes of cell size during early development, as well as cytoskeletal specializations specific to early blastomeres including processes leading to blastomere cohesion. Finally, we discuss evolutionary conclusions beginning to emerge from the contemporary analysis of the phylogenetic distributions of cleavage patterns. In sum, this chapter seeks to summarize our current understanding of vertebrate early embryonic cleavage patterns and their control and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hasley
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Genetics/Biotech Addition, Room 2424, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shawn Chavez
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Heath & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Oregon Heath & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Michael Danilchik
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, L499, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Martin Wühr
- Department of Molecular Biology & The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Icahn Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Francisco Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Genetics/Biotech Addition, Room 2424, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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264
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Li R, Liu Y, Pedersen HS, Callesen H. Cytoplasmic membrane activities during first cleavage of zona-free porcine embryos: description and consequences. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:557-564. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Already at first embryo cleavage subsequent blastocyst formation can be predicted based on morphology but the finer morphological details can be difficult to determine due to the presence of the zona pellucida (ZP). Therefore, we monitored zona-free porcine parthenogenetically activated (PA) embryos in a time-lapse system to: (1) describe and characterise the morphological activity of the cytoplasmic membrane and the distribution to the two nuclei during first cleavage and (2) determine the relationship between specific morphological activities and subsequent embryonic development. After ZP removal the membrane surface activities were clearly visible, so all cleaved embryos could be divided into two groups depending on the surface activity during first cleavage: regular morphology (MN) or irregular morphology with ‘bumps’ (MB). The two nuclei were more unequal in MB embryos in both nucleus size and DNA quantity. After first cleavage, MB embryos could be further divided into three types of irregularities (MB1, MB2, MB3) based on their subsequent behaviour. Clear differences in developmental patterns were found between MN and MB embryos, such as delayed first cleavage, compromised blastocyst formation and total cell number. The predictive value of these new types of morphological events was comparable to the more traditionally used time of first cleavage. In conclusion, zona-free embryos allow visualisation of finer morphological details that can provide an early prediction of embryo developmental potential, but further studies are needed on other type of embryos.
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265
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Kirkegaard K, Dyrlund TF, Ingerslev HJ. Clinical Application of Methods to Select In VitroFertilized Embryos. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine Kirkegaard
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Thomas F. Dyrlund
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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266
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Schatten H, Sun QY. Cytoskeletal Functions, Defects, and Dysfunctions Affecting Human Fertilization and Embryo Development. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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267
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Swain JE. Novel Imaging Techniques to Assess Gametes and Preimplantation Embryos. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Swain
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
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268
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Munevver S, Findikli N, Bahceci M. New Horizons/Developments in Time-Lapse Morphokinetic Analysis of Mammalian Embryos. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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269
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Meyers S, Riejo-Pera R. The Non-Human Primate Model for Early Human Development. Hum Reprod 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118849613.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - Renee Riejo-Pera
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Montana State University; Bozeman MT USA
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270
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Riether C, Schürch CM, Bührer ED, Hinterbrandner M, Huguenin AL, Hoepner S, Zlobec I, Pabst T, Radpour R, Ochsenbein AF. CD70/CD27 signaling promotes blast stemness and is a viable therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. J Exp Med 2016; 214:359-380. [PMID: 28031480 PMCID: PMC5294846 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Riether et al. show that CD70/CD27 signaling activates stem cell gene expression programs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Blocking the CD70/CD27 interaction inhibits self-renewal and induces differentiation of AML blasts and stem/progenitor cells. Aberrant proliferation, symmetric self-renewal, increased survival, and defective differentiation of malignant blasts are key oncogenic drivers in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell gene signatures predict poor prognosis in AML patients; however, with few exceptions, these deregulated molecular pathways cannot be targeted therapeutically. In this study, we demonstrate that the TNF superfamily ligand–receptor pair CD70/CD27 is expressed on AML blasts and AML stem/progenitor cells. CD70/CD27 signaling in AML cells activates stem cell gene expression programs, including the Wnt pathway, and promotes symmetric cell divisions and proliferation. Soluble CD27, reflecting the extent of CD70/CD27 interactions in vivo, was significantly elevated in the sera of newly diagnosed AML patients and is a strong independent negative prognostic biomarker for overall survival. Blocking the CD70/CD27 interaction by mAb induced asymmetric cell divisions and differentiation in AML blasts and AML stem/progenitor cells, inhibited cell growth and colony formation, and significantly prolonged survival in murine AML xenografts. Importantly, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from healthy BM donors express neither CD70 nor CD27 and were unaffected by blocking mAb treatment. Therefore, targeting CD70/CD27 signaling represents a promising therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Riether
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Schürch
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elias D Bührer
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne-Laure Huguenin
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Hoepner
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland .,Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Time-lapse (TL) embryo monitoring is the latest technology that is proposed for embryo evaluation and selection for transfer. TL technology enables us to collect significantly more information about the in vitro development of the embryos that can be obtained through the daily-once evaluation under the light microscope. In addition, the embryos do not need to be removed from the culture environment for this. The extra morphokinetic information and the undisturbed culture conditions could both be beneficial for the cultured embryo cohort. Many morphokinetic parameters have been tested in relation to variety of laboratory (e.g. blastocyst development) and clinical (implantation and live-birth rate) outcomes. Most of these studies are retrospective in nature and suffer from methodological problems (heterogeneous patient population, culture conditions not standardized, and small sample size). Several groups attempted to build algorithms, however, have not yet been confirmed externally as attempts so far could not reproduce the expected predictive abilities. Therefore, these algorithms cannot be universally accepted. The latest algorithm proposed for embryo selection was developed based on data from 24 clinics using local stimulation and laboratory procedures. It groups embryos into five categories (KIDScore) based on in and out of range kinetic events. The algorithm was tested in subsets of patients using various fertilization methods or culture conditions and its predictive ability remained the same. The authors, therefore, feel comfortable to recommend it for routine use in any laboratory using TL technology. There is, however, still limited prospective, randomized trial data testing the algorithms. This article reviews TL technology, retrospective and prospective reports on various morphokinetic parameters, and the benefits and shortcomings of currently available algorithms.
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272
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Morphokinetic Characteristics and Developmental Potential of In Vitro Cultured Embryos from Natural Cycles in Patients with Poor Ovarian Response. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4286528. [PMID: 28097133 PMCID: PMC5206428 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4286528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Patients with poor ovarian response to ovarian hyperstimulation represent an interesting group for studying the impact of embryo cleavage irregularities on clinical outcome since all embryos, regardless of their quality, are usually transferred to the uterus. The aim of our study was to follow the morphokinetics of fertilized oocytes from natural cycles in poor responders. Methods. Zygotes from 53 cycles were cultured in vitro for 3 days. The morphokinetics of their development and transfer outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for the normally and irregularly cleaved embryos. Results. Of all embryos, 30.2% had single and 20.8% multiple cleavage irregularities with the following prevalence: developmental arrest 30.2%, direct cleavage to more than two cells 24.5%, chaotic cleavage 13.2%, and reverse cleavage 11.3%. These embryos had longer pronuclear phases, first cytokinesis, second embryo cell cycles, and less synchronized divisions. The transfer of normally developing embryos resulted in an implantation rate of 30.8% and a delivery rate of 23.1%, but irregularly cleaved embryos did not implant. Conclusions. The use of time-lapse microscopy in poor responder patients identified embryos with cleavage abnormalities that are related with no or extremely low implantation potential. Gained information about embryo quality is important for counselling patients about their expectations.
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273
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Kim J, Kim SH, Jun JH. Prediction of blastocyst development and implantation potential in utero based on the third cleavage and compaction times in mouse pre-implantation embryos. J Reprod Dev 2016; 63:117-125. [PMID: 27980237 PMCID: PMC5401804 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis and cell division during pre-implantation embryonic development occur as an orchestrated spatiotemporal program. Cleavage, compaction, and
blastulation in pre-implantation embryos are essential for successful implantation and pregnancy. Their alteration is associated with chromosomal imbalance and
loss of developmental competence. In this study, we evaluated the time of cleavage and compaction as predictors for in vitro pre- and
peri-implantation development and in utero implantation potential by time-lapse monitoring. Mouse 2-cell embryos were collected on 1.5 days
post coitum (dpc) and were individually cultured to the outgrowth (OG) stage (7.5 dpc). Developmental stages were classified as 3-cell,
4-cell, 8-cell, morula, blastocyst, and OG. Cut-off times for successful blastocyst development were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve
analysis. When cut-off times were set as 9 h for the third cleavage from the 2- to 4-cell stage, and 40 h for compaction from the 2-cell to morula stage,
blastocyst and OG development rates, respectively, were significantly higher (P < 0.0001). Embryos were grouped according to the above cut-off time and
transferred to the contralateral uterine horn on 3.5 dpc. Implantation rates in utero on 5.5 dpc were significantly higher in early third
cleaved (≤ 9 h from 2- to 4-cell) and early compacted embryos (≤ 40 h from 2-cell to morula) than those in delayed embryos (P < 0.05). Therefore, the time of
the third cleavage from 2- to the 4-cell stage and compaction from 2-cell to morula stage may be a useful morphokinetic parameter for predicting developmental
potential, including successful implantation and pregnancy in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Jun
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduated School, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea.,Eulji Medi-Bio Research Institute (EMBRI), Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do 461-713, Korea
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274
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Glanzner WG, Wachter A, Coutinho ARS, Albornoz MS, Duggavathi R, GonÇAlves PBD, Bordignon V. Altered expression of BRG1 and histone demethylases, and aberrant H3K4 methylation in less developmentally competent embryos at the time of embryonic genome activation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 84:19-29. [PMID: 27879032 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a fundamental regulator underlying many biological functions, such as development and cell differentiation. Epigenetic modifications affect key chromatin regulation, including transcription and DNA repair, which are critical for normal embryo development. In this study, we profiled the expression of epigenetic modifiers and patterns of epigenetic changes in porcine embryos around the period of embryonic genome activation (EGA). We observed that Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) and Lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A), which can alter the methylation status of lysine 4 in histone 3 (H3K4), localize to the nucleus at Day 3-4 of development. We then compared the abundance of epigenetic modifiers between early- and late-cleaving embryos, which were classified based on the time to the first cell cleavage, to investigate if their nuclear localization contributes to developmental competence. The mRNA abundance of BRG1, KDM1A, as well as other lysine demethylases (KDM1B, KDM5A, KDM5B, and KDM5C), were significantly higher in late- compared to early-cleaving embryos near the EGA period, although these difference disappeared at the blastocyst stage. The abundance of H3K4 mono- (H3K4me) and di-methylation (H3K4me2) during the EGA period was reduced in late-cleaving and less developmentally competent embryos. By contrast, BRG1, KDM1A, and H3K4me2 abundance was greater in embryos with more than eight cells at Day 3-4 of development compared to those with fewer than four cells. These findings suggest that altered epigenetic modifications of H3K4 around the EGA period may affect the developmental capacity of porcine embryos to reach the blastocyst stage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 19-29, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner G Glanzner
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Audrey Wachter
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ana Rita S Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo S Albornoz
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paulo B D GonÇAlves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vilceu Bordignon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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275
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Huang T, Chinn K, Kosasa T, Ahn H, Kessel B. Morphokinetics of human blastocyst expansion in vitro. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:659-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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276
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Delayed blastulation, multinucleation, and expansion grade are independently associated with live-birth rates in frozen blastocyst transfer cycles. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1370-1378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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277
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Aparicio-Ruiz B, Basile N, Pérez Albalá S, Bronet F, Remohí J, Meseguer M. Automatic time-lapse instrument is superior to single-point morphology observation for selecting viable embryos: retrospective study in oocyte donation. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:1379-1385.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.07.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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278
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Araujo AR, Gelens L, Sheriff RSM, Santos SDM. Positive Feedback Keeps Duration of Mitosis Temporally Insulated from Upstream Cell-Cycle Events. Mol Cell 2016; 64:362-375. [PMID: 27768873 PMCID: PMC5077699 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell division is characterized by a sequence of events by which a cell gives rise to two daughter cells. Quantitative measurements of cell-cycle dynamics in single cells showed that despite variability in G1-, S-, and G2 phases, duration of mitosis is short and remarkably constant. Surprisingly, there is no correlation between cell-cycle length and mitotic duration, suggesting that mitosis is temporally insulated from variability in earlier cell-cycle phases. By combining live cell imaging and computational modeling, we showed that positive feedback is the molecular mechanism underlying the temporal insulation of mitosis. Perturbing positive feedback gave rise to a sluggish, variable entry and progression through mitosis and uncoupled duration of mitosis from variability in cell cycle length. We show that positive feedback is important to keep mitosis short, constant, and temporally insulated and anticipate it might be a commonly used regulatory strategy to create modularity in other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Araujo
- Quantitative Cell Biology Lab, MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lendert Gelens
- Laboratory of Dynamics in Biological Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rahuman S M Sheriff
- Quantitative Cell Biology Lab, MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Silvia D M Santos
- Quantitative Cell Biology Lab, MRC-Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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279
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DRÁBKOVÁ P, ANDRLOVÁ L, HAMPL R, KANĎÁR R. Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Embryos. Physiol Res 2016; 65:823-832. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find some relationship between amino acid metabolism and the embryo morphokinetic parameters studied via time-lapse analysis. Study included 48 human embryo samples and their culture media. Two groups of embryos were identified: embryos reached the 8-cell stage on day 3 (n=34) and embryos failed to develop at any point during the incubation (n=14). Amino acids levels were measured on day 3 of embryo development; using time-lapse analysis, the precise timing of embryo cleavage, synchrony of division, grade of fragmentation etc. were established. No statistically significant differences between dividing and arresting embryos were observed in terms of amino acids production/consumption and turnover. Amino acids which were part of the culture medium did not exhibit any statistically significant correlation with kinetic parameters with the exception of the grade of fragmentation on day 3; there were negative correlation with glutamate, and positive with glutamine, glycine and taurine. In some dividing and in some arresting embryos appeared new amino acids which strongly correlated with each other, with methionine, but not with any other amino acid that is a regular part of the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R. KANĎÁR
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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280
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Haikin Herzberger E, Ghetler Y, Tamir Yaniv R, Berkovitz A, Gonen O, Cohen I, Shulman A, Wiser A. Time lapse microscopy is useful for elective single-embryo transfer. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:816-818. [PMID: 27228104 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1188375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to evaluate time lapse microscopy (TLM) as a selection tool for single-embryo transfer (SET) on day 5, blastocyst stage. An observational cohort study was conducted. Patients who had SET were compared to patients who had double embryo transfer (DET). A total of 108 patients were included in analysis, 83 had SET, and 25 underwent DET. Embryos were incubated and evaluated using TLM. The pregnancy rates were similar between the groups (42.2% in SET and 48.0% in DET). However, the multiple pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the DET group compared to the SET group (41.7% versus 2.9%, respectively; p < 0.001). This study concludes that SET with TLM do not decrease pregnancy rates compared to DET. However, transfers of two embryos increase the rate of multiple pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Haikin Herzberger
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Yehudith Ghetler
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Rina Tamir Yaniv
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Arie Berkovitz
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ofer Gonen
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Ilan Cohen
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Adrian Shulman
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Amir Wiser
- a IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center , Kfar Saba , Israel , Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel
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281
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Salas-Huetos A, Blanco J, Vidal F, Grossmann M, Pons MC, Garrido N, Anton E. Spermatozoa from normozoospermic fertile and infertile individuals convey a distinct miRNA cargo. Andrology 2016; 4:1028-1036. [PMID: 27676136 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the underlying causes of idiopathic male infertility is one of the main challenges in reproductive medicine. This is especially relevant in infertile patients displaying normal seminal parameters and no urogenital or genetic abnormalities. In these cases, the search for additional sperm biomarkers is of high interest. This study was aimed to determine the implications of the sperm miRNA expression profiles in the reproductive capacity of normozoospermic infertile individuals. The expression level of 736 miRNAs was evaluated in spermatozoa from eight normozoospermic infertile males using TaqMan® qRT-PCR. Results were contrasted with data from 10 control normozoospermic fertile individuals analyzed under the same conditions. Clustering analysis of miRNA expression data separated the individuals according to their fertility condition (fertile and infertile). Fifty-seven miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE-miRNAs) between populations; 20 of them was regulated by a host gene promoter that in three cases comprised genes involved in fertility. The predicted targets of the DE-miRNAs (n = 8,606) unveiled a significant enrichment of biological processes related to embryonic morphogenesis and chromatin modification. Normozoospermic infertile individuals exhibit a specific sperm miRNA expression profile clearly differentiated from normozoospermic fertile individuals. This miRNA cargo has potential implications in the individuals' reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salas-Huetos
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - J Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - F Vidal
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - M Grossmann
- Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Pons
- Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Garrido
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Banco de Semen, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI) Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Anton
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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282
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Le Gac S, Nordhoff V. Microfluidics for mammalian embryo culture and selection: where do we stand now? Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 23:213-226. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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283
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Castelló D, Motato Y, Basile N, Remohí J, Espejo-Catena M, Meseguer M. How much have we learned from time-lapse in clinical IVF? Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:719-727. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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284
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Novel embryo selection techniques to increase embryo implantation in IVF attempts. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:1117-1124. [PMID: 27628754 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The final success of an IVF attempt depends on several steps and decisions taken during the ovarian stimulation, the oocyte retrieval, the embryo culture and the embryo transfer. The final selection of the embryos most likely to implant is the final step in this process and the responsibility of the lab. Apart from strict morphologic criteria that historically have been used in embryo selection, additional information on genetic, metabolomic and morphokinetic characteristics of the embryo is recently combined to morphology to select the embryo most likely to produce a pregnancy. In this manuscript, we review the most recent information on the current methods used for embryo selection presenting the predictive capability of each one. METHODS A literature search was performed on Pubmed, Medline and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for published studies using appropriate key words and phrases with no limits placed on time. RESULTS It seems that the combination of morphologic criteria in conjunction to embryo kinetics as documented by time-lapse technology provides the most reliable information on embryo quality. Blastocyst biopsy with subsequent comprehensive chromosome analysis allows the selection of the euploid embryos with the higher implantation potential. CONCLUSION Embryo time-lapse imaging and blastocyst biopsy combined to comprehensive chromosome analysis are the most promising technologies to increase pregnancy rates and reduce the possibility of multiple pregnancies. However, further studies will demonstrate the capability of routinely using these technologies to significantly improve IVF outcomes.
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285
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Kieslinger DC, De Gheselle S, Lambalk CB, De Sutter P, Kostelijk EH, Twisk JW, van Rijswijk J, Van den Abbeel E, Vergouw CG. Embryo selection using time-lapse analysis (Early Embryo Viability Assessment) in conjunction with standard morphology: a prospective two-center pilot study. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2450-2457. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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286
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Kurosawa H, Utsunomiya H, Shiga N, Takahashi A, Ihara M, Ishibashi M, Nishimoto M, Watanabe Z, Abe H, Kumagai J, Terada Y, Igarashi H, Takahashi T, Fukui A, Suganuma R, Tachibana M, Yaegashi N. Development of a new clinically applicable device for embryo evaluation which measures embryo oxygen consumption. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2321-30. [PMID: 27609982 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does a new system-the chip-sensing embryo respiration monitoring system (CERMs)-enable evaluation of embryo viability for potential application in a clinical IVF setting? SUMMARY ANSWER The system enabled the oxygen consumption rate of spheroids, bovine embryos and frozen-thawed human embryos to be measured, and this rate corresponded to the developmental potential of embryos. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN To date, no reliable and clinically suitable objective evaluation methods for embryos are available, which circumvent the differences in inter-observer subjective view. Existing systems such as the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) technique, which enables the measurement of oxygen consumption rate in embryos, need improvement in usability before they can be applied to a clinical setting. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a prospective original research study. The feasibility of measuring the oxygen consumption rate was assessed using CERMs for 9 spheroids, 9 bovine embryos and 30 redundant frozen-thawed human embryos. The endpoints for the study were whether CERMs could detect a dissolved oxygen gradient with high sensitivity, had comparable accuracy to the SECM measuring system with improved usability, and could predict the development of an embryo to a blastocyst by measuring the oxygen consumption rate. The relationship between the oxygen consumption rate and standard morphological evaluation was also examined. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We developed a new CERMs, which enables the oxygen consumption rate to be measured automatically using an electrochemical method. The device was initially used for measuring a dissolved oxygen concentration gradient in order to calculate oxygen consumption rate using nine spheroids. Next, we evaluated data correlation between the CERMs and the SECM measuring systems using nine bovine embryos. Finally, the oxygen consumption rates of 30 human embryos, which were frozen-thawed on 2nd day after fertilization, were measured by CERMs at 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after thawing with standard morphological evaluation. Furthermore, the developed blastocysts were scored using the blastocyst quality score (BQS), and the correlation with oxygen consumption rate was also assessed. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The device enabled the oxygen consumption rate of an embryo to be measured automatically within a minute. The oxygen concentration gradient profile showed excellent linearity in a distance-dependent change. A close correlation in the oxygen consumption rates of bovine embryos was observed between the SECM measuring system and CERMs, with a determination coefficient of 0.8203 (P = 0.0008). Oxygen consumption rates of human embryos that have reached the blastocyst stage were significantly higher than those of arrested embryos at 48, 72 and 96 h after thawing (P = 0.039, 0.004 and 0.049, respectively). Thus, in vitro development of frozen-thawed human embryos to the blastocyst stage would be predicted at 48 h after thawing (day 4) by measuring the oxygen consumption using CERMs. Although a positive linear relationship between BQS and the oxygen consumption rate was observed [the determination coefficient was R(2) = 0.6537 (P = 0.008)], two blastocysts exhibited low oxygen consumption rates considering their relatively high BQS. This suggests that morphology and metabolism in human embryos might not correlate consistently. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Transfer of the embryo and pregnancy evaluation was not performed. Thus, a correlation between oxygen consumption and the in vivo viability of embryos remains unknown. Clinical trials, including embryo transfer, would be desirable to determine a threshold value to elect clinically relevant, quality embryos for transfer. We utilized frozen-thawed human embryos in this study. The effect of these manipulations on the respiratory activity of the embryo is also unknown. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Selection of quality embryos, especially in a single embryo transfer cycle, by CERMs may have an impact on obtaining better clinical outcomes, albeit with clinical trials being required. Furthermore, the early determination of quality embryos by CERMs may enable the omission of long-term in vitro embryo culture to the blastocyst stage. CERMs is scalable technology that can be integrated into incubators and/or other embryo evaluation systems, such as the time-lapse systems, due to its chip-based architecture. Thus, CERMS would enable automatic measurement of oxygen consumption, under 5% CO2, in the near future, in order to reduce oxidative stress from exposure to atmospheric air. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This study was supported by grants from the Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant (H24-Hisaichiiki-Shitei-016). The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kurosawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroki Utsunomiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naomi Shiga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Aiko Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Motomasa Ihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masumi Ishibashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Nishimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Zen Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Yamagata University, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan
| | - Jin Kumagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hideki Igarashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Ryota Suganuma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masahito Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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287
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Petersen BM, Boel M, Montag M, Gardner DK. Development of a generally applicable morphokinetic algorithm capable of predicting the implantation potential of embryos transferred on Day 3. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:2231-44. [PMID: 27609980 PMCID: PMC5027927 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can a generally applicable morphokinetic algorithm suitable for Day 3 transfers of time-lapse monitored embryos originating from different culture conditions and fertilization methods be developed for the purpose of supporting the embryologist's decision on which embryo to transfer back to the patient in assisted reproduction? SUMMARY ANSWER The algorithm presented here can be used independently of culture conditions and fertilization method and provides predictive power not surpassed by other published algorithms for ranking embryos according to their blastocyst formation potential. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Generally applicable algorithms have so far been developed only for predicting blastocyst formation. A number of clinics have reported validated implantation prediction algorithms, which have been developed based on clinic-specific culture conditions and clinical environment. However, a generally applicable embryo evaluation algorithm based on actual implantation outcome has not yet been reported. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective evaluation of data extracted from a database of known implantation data (KID) originating from 3275 embryos transferred on Day 3 conducted in 24 clinics between 2009 and 2014. The data represented different culture conditions (reduced and ambient oxygen with various culture medium strategies) and fertilization methods (IVF, ICSI). The capability to predict blastocyst formation was evaluated on an independent set of morphokinetic data from 11 218 embryos which had been cultured to Day 5. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The algorithm was developed by applying automated recursive partitioning to a large number of annotation types and derived equations, progressing to a five-fold cross-validation test of the complete data set and a validation test of different incubation conditions and fertilization methods. The results were expressed as receiver operating characteristics curves using the area under the curve (AUC) to establish the predictive strength of the algorithm. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE By applying the here developed algorithm (KIDScore), which was based on six annotations (the number of pronuclei equals 2 at the 1-cell stage, time from insemination to pronuclei fading at the 1-cell stage, time from insemination to the 2-cell stage, time from insemination to the 3-cell stage, time from insemination to the 5-cell stage and time from insemination to the 8-cell stage) and ranking the embryos in five groups, the implantation potential of the embryos was predicted with an AUC of 0.650. On Day 3 the KIDScore algorithm was capable of predicting blastocyst development with an AUC of 0.745 and blastocyst quality with an AUC of 0.679. In a comparison of blastocyst prediction including six other published algorithms and KIDScore, only KIDScore and one more algorithm surpassed an algorithm constructed on conventional Alpha/ESHRE consensus timings in terms of predictive power. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Some morphological assessments were not available and consequently three of the algorithms in the comparison were not used in full and may therefore have been put at a disadvantage. Algorithms based on implantation data from Day 3 embryo transfers require adjustments to be capable of predicting the implantation potential of Day 5 embryo transfers. The current study is restricted by its retrospective nature and absence of live birth information. Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials should be used in future studies to establish the value of time-lapse technology and morphokinetic evaluation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Algorithms applicable to different culture conditions can be developed if based on large data sets of heterogeneous origin. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by Vitrolife A/S, Denmark and Vitrolife AB, Sweden. B.M.P.’s company BMP Analytics is performing consultancy for Vitrolife A/S. M.B. is employed at Vitrolife A/S. M.M.’s company ilabcomm GmbH received honorarium for consultancy from Vitrolife AB. D.K.G. received research support from Vitrolife AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Molt Petersen
- Bjørn Molt Petersen BMP Analytics, Vilhelm Becks Vej 20, 8260 Viby J, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Boel
- Vitrolife A/S, Jens Juuls Vej 20, 8260 Viby J, Denmark
| | - Markus Montag
- ilabcomm GmbH, Eisenachstr. 34, 53757 St. Augustin, Germany
| | - David K Gardner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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288
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Leung AS, Son WY, Dahan MH. Time-lapse imaging of embryos: current evidence supporting its use. Expert Rev Med Devices 2016; 13:881-883. [PMID: 27580250 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1230015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie S Leung
- a MUHC Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Weon-Young Son
- a MUHC Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Michael H Dahan
- a MUHC Reproductive Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
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289
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Xu Y, Shi Y, Fu J, Yu M, Feng R, Sang Q, Liang B, Chen B, Qu R, Li B, Yan Z, Mao X, Kuang Y, Jin L, He L, Sun X, Wang L. Mutations in PADI6 Cause Female Infertility Characterized by Early Embryonic Arrest. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:744-752. [PMID: 27545678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic arrest is one of the major causes of female infertility. However, because of difficulties in phenotypic evaluation, genetic determinants of human early embryonic arrest are largely unknown. With the development of assisted reproductive technology, the phenotype of early human embryonic arrest can now be carefully evaluated. Here, we describe a consanguineous family with a recessive inheritance pattern of female infertility characterized by recurrent early embryonic arrest in cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We have identified a homozygous PADI6 nonsense mutation (c.1141C>T [p.Gln381(∗)]) that is responsible for the phenotype. Mutational analysis of PADI6 in a cohort of 36 individuals whose embryos displayed developmental arrest identified two affected individuals with compound-heterozygous mutations (c.2009_2010del [p.Glu670Glyfs(∗)48] and c.633T>A [p.His211Gln]; c.1618G>A [p.Gly540Arg] and c.970C>T [p.Gln324(∗)]). Immunostaining indicated a lack of PADI6 in affected individuals' oocytes. In addition, the amount of phosphorylated RNA polymerase II and expression levels of seven genes involved in zygotic genome activation were reduced in the affected individuals' embryos. This phenotype is consistent with Padi6 knockout mice. These findings deepen our understanding of the genetic basis of human early embryonic arrest, which has been a largely ignored Mendelian phenotype. Our findings lay the foundation for uncovering other genetic causes of infertility resulting from early embryonic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingli Shi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Min Yu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ruizhi Feng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Sang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Biaobang Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ronggui Qu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin He
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaoxi Sun
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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290
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Gardner DK, Balaban B. Assessment of human embryo development using morphological criteria in an era of time-lapse, algorithms and 'OMICS': is looking good still important? Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:704-718. [PMID: 27578774 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the worldwide move towards single embryo transfer there has been a renewed focus on the requirement for reliable means of assessing embryo viability. In an era of 'OMICS' technologies, and algorithms created through the use of time-lapse microscopy, the actual appearance of the human embryo as it progresses through each successive developmental stage to the blastocyst appears to have been somewhat neglected in recent years. Here we review the key features of the human preimplantation embryo and consider the relationship between morphological characteristics and developmental potential. Further, the impact of the culture environment on morphological traits, how key morphological qualities reflect aspects of embryo physiology, and how computer-assisted analysis of embryo morphology may facilitate a more quantitative approach to selection are discussed. The clinical introduction of time-lapse systems has reopened our eyes and given us a new vantage point from which to view the beauty of the initial stages of human life. Rather than a future in which the morphology of the embryo is deemed irrelevant, we propose that key features, such as multinucleation, cell size and blastocyst differentiation should be included in future iterations of selection/deselection algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Gardner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Basak Balaban
- VKF American Hospital Assisted Reproduction Unit, Guzelbahce St. No. 20, Istanbul, Turkey
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291
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A developmental coordinate of pluripotency among mice, monkeys and humans. Nature 2016; 537:57-62. [DOI: 10.1038/nature19096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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292
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Wu YG, Lazzaroni-Tealdi E, Wang Q, Zhang L, Barad DH, Kushnir VA, Darmon SK, Albertini DF, Gleicher N. Different effectiveness of closed embryo culture system with time-lapse imaging (EmbryoScope(TM)) in comparison to standard manual embryology in good and poor prognosis patients: a prospectively randomized pilot study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2016; 14:49. [PMID: 27553622 PMCID: PMC4995783 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously manual human embryology in many in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers is rapidly being replaced by closed embryo incubation systems with time-lapse imaging. Whether such systems perform comparably to manual embryology in different IVF patient populations has, however, never before been investigated. We, therefore, prospectively compared embryo quality following closed system culture with time-lapse photography (EmbryoScope™) and standard embryology. We performed a two-part prospectively randomized study in IVF (clinical trial # NCT92256309). Part A involved 31 infertile poor prognosis patients prospectively randomized to EmbryoScope™ and standard embryology. Part B involved embryos from 17 egg donor-recipient cycles resulting in large egg/embryo numbers, thus permitting prospectively alternative embryo assignments to EmbryoScope™ and standard embryology. We then compared pregnancy rates and embryo quality on day-3 after fertilization and embryologist time utilized per processed embryo. RESULTS Part A revealed in poor prognosis patients no differences in day-3 embryo scores, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates between EmbryoScope™ and standard embryology. The EmbryoScope™, however, more than doubled embryology staff time (P < 0.0001). In Part B, embryos grown in the EmbyoScope™ demonstrated significantly poorer day-3 quality (depending on embryo parameter between P = 0.005 and P = 0.01). Suspicion that conical culture dishes of the EmbryoScope™ (EmbryoSlide™) may be the cause was disproven when standard culture dishes demonstrated no outcome difference in standard incubation. CONCLUSIONS Though due to small patient numbers preliminary, this study raises concerns about the mostly uncontrolled introduction of closed incubation systems with time lapse imaging into routine clinical embryology. Appropriately designed and powered prospectively randomized studies appear urgently needed in well-defined patient populations before the uncontrolled utilization of these instruments further expands. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02246309 Registered September 18, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Guang Wu
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | | | - Qi Wang
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - David H. Barad
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
- The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Vitaly A. Kushnir
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA
| | - Sarah K. Darmon
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - David F. Albertini
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 64109 USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction, 21 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
- The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
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293
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Kelley RL, Gardner DK. Combined effects of individual culture and atmospheric oxygen on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:537-549. [PMID: 27569702 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryos are routinely cultured individually, although this can reduce blastocyst development. Culture in atmospheric (20%) oxygen is also common, despite multiple detrimental effects on embryos. Although frequently occurring together, the consequences of this combination are unknown. Mouse embryos were cultured individually or grouped, under physiological (5%) or atmospheric (20%) oxygen. Embryos were assessed by time-lapse and blastocyst cell allocation. Compared with the control group (5% oxygen group culture), 5-cell cleavage (t5) was delayed in 5% oxygen individual culture and 20% oxygen group culture (59.91 ± 0.23, 60.70 ± 0.29, 63.06 ± 0.32 h post-HCG respectively, P < 0.05). Embryos in 20% oxygen individual culture were delayed earlier (3-cell cleavage), and at t5 cleaved later than embryos in other treatments (66.01 ± 0.40 h, P < 0.001), this delay persisting to blastocyst hatching. Compared with controls, hatching rate and cells per blastocyst were reduced in 5% oxygen single culture and 20% oxygen group culture (134.1 ± 3.4, 104.5 ± 3.2, 73.4 ± 2.2 cells, P < 0.001), and were further reduced in 20% oxygen individual culture (57.0 ± 2.8 cells, P < 0.001), as was percentage inner cell mass. These data indicate combining individual culture and 20% oxygen is detrimental to embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Kelley
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - David K Gardner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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294
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Bebbere D, Masala L, Albertini DF, Ledda S. The subcortical maternal complex: multiple functions for one biological structure? J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1431-1438. [PMID: 27525657 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0788-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is a multiprotein complex uniquely expressed in mammalian oocytes and early embryos, essential for zygote progression beyond the first embryonic cell divisions. Similiar to other factors encoded by maternal effect genes, the physiological role of SCMC remains unclear, although recent evidence has provided important molecular insights into different possible functions. Its potential involvement in human fertility is attracting increasing attention; however, the complete story is far from being told. The present mini review provides an overview of recent findings related to the SCMC and discusses its potential physiological role/s with the aim of inspiring new directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bebbere
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - L Masala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - D F Albertini
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S Ledda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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295
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Azzarello A, Hoest T, Hay-Schmidt A, Mikkelsen AL. Live birth rate and number of blastomeres on day 2 transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1337-1342. [PMID: 27491644 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the presence of large fragment (LF) and abnormal cell divisions (ACDs) has influenced the correlation between live birth rate and number of blastomeres detected on day 2 by conventional scoring. METHODS This study included 578 embryos cultured in time lapse and selected for transfer by conventional scoring on day 2. By time-lapse recordings, embryos were reassessed to identify ACDs and/or LFs mistaken as blastomeres. The latter identifications were used to recalculate fragmentation rate and the number of blastomeres. Life birth rate according to number of blastomeres was compared in (a) embryos selected by conventional scoring and (b) embryos reassessed by time lapse. RESULTS After conventional scoring, embryos with four cells had a significantly higher pregnancy rate than embryos with less than four cells and embryos with more than four cells. By time-lapse assessment, ACDs and/or recalculated fragmentation >25 % was recognized in 106/578 (18.3 %) of transferred embryos. None of them resulted in a live birth. After exclusion of these embryos, the number of blastomeres on the day of transfer did not have any impact on life birth rate. CONCLUSION Conventional scoring on day 2 did not detect ACDs and LFs mistaken as blastomeres. LFs can lead to a recalculated fragmentation rate to >25 %. No significant correlation between live birth rate and number of blastomeres in day 2 embryos was observed when embryos with ACDs and fragmentation >25 % were excluded. Recognition of ACDs and fragmentation >25 % is more predictive of live birth than number of blastomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hoest
- Holbaek Fertility Clinic, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300, Holbaek, Denmark
| | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, København N, Denmark
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296
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Rocha JC, Passalia F, Matos FD, Maserati MP, Alves MF, Almeida TGD, Cardoso BL, Basso AC, Nogueira MFG. Methods for assessing the quality of mammalian embryos: How far we are from the gold standard? JBRA Assist Reprod 2016; 20:150-8. [PMID: 27584609 PMCID: PMC5264381 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20160033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological embryo classification is of great importance for many laboratory
techniques, from basic research to the ones applied to assisted reproductive
technology. However, the standard classification method for both human and
cattle embryos, is based on quality parameters that reflect the overall
morphological quality of the embryo in cattle, or the quality of the individual
embryonic structures, more relevant in human embryo classification. This
assessment method is biased by the subjectivity of the evaluator and even though
several guidelines exist to standardize the classification, it is not a method
capable of giving reliable and trustworthy results. Latest approaches for the
improvement of quality assessment include the use of data from cellular
metabolism, a new morphological grading system, development kinetics and
cleavage symmetry, embryo cell biopsy followed by pre-implantation genetic
diagnosis, zona pellucida birefringence, ion release by the embryo cells and so
forth. Nowadays there exists a great need for evaluation methods that are
practical and non-invasive while being accurate and objective. A method along
these lines would be of great importance to embryo evaluation by embryologists,
clinicians and other professionals who work with assisted reproductive
technology. Several techniques shows promising results in this sense, one being
the use of digital images of the embryo as basis for features extraction and
classification by means of artificial intelligence techniques (as genetic
algorithms and artificial neural networks). This process has the potential to
become an accurate and objective standard for embryo quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Rocha
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - Felipe Passalia
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | - Felipe D Matos
- Institut de Biologie de l École Normale Supérieure de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo F G Nogueira
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP)
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297
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Aguilar J, Rubio I, Muñoz E, Pellicer A, Meseguer M. Study of nucleation status in the second cell cycle of human embryo and its impact on implantation rate. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:291-299.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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298
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Combination of metabolism measurement and a time-lapse system provides an embryo selection method based on oxygen uptake and chronology of cytokinesis timing. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:119-126.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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299
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Petrussa L, Van de Velde H, De Rycke M. Similar kinetics for 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine during human preimplantation development in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:594-605. [PMID: 27163211 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
After fertilization, the mammalian embryo undergoes epigenetic reprogramming with genome-wide DNA demethylation and subsequent remethylation. Oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was suggested to be an intermediate step in the DNA demethylation pathway. Other evidence, such as the stability of 5hmC in specific tissues, suggests that 5hmC constitutes a new epigenetic modification with its own biological function. Since few studies have been conducted on human material compared to animal models and species-specific epigenetic differences have been reported, we studied global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns in human in vitro preimplantation embryos using immunocytochemistry, comparing these patterns in good-quality and abnormally developing embryos. Our data showed that DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation modifications co-exist. 5mC and 5hmC signals were found in oocytes and in paternal and maternal pronuclei of zygotes, present in non-reciprocal patterns-which contrasts published data for the mouse. These two epigenetic modifications are present between Days 1 and 7 of in vitro development, with 5mC levels declining over cell divisions without noticeable remethylation during this period. A main decline in 5mC and 5hmC occurred as the embryo progressed from compaction to the blastocyst stage. No difference in (hydroxy)methylation was found between the inner cell mass and trophectoderm. When comparing normally and abnormally developing embryos, DNA (hydroxy)methylation reprogramming was abnormal in poor-quality embryos, especially during the first cleavages. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 594-605, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Petrussa
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van de Velde
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRM), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine De Rycke
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre for Medical Genetics (CMG), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Reproduction across mammalian species is conserved with a general pattern of fertilization followed by nascent embryo development in transcriptional silence for a variable length of time, a series of cleavage divisions that occur without growth in size of the embryo, compaction to form a morula, and production of a blastocyst. Following blastocyst formation, the embryo may implant immediately or after substantial differentiation of the epiblast and hypoblast layers. In this chapter, the shared and unique properties of several species, commonly used in studies of reproduction and embryology, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Prezzoto
- Agricultural Research Centers, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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