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Tittensor DP, Beger M, Boerder K, Boyce DG, Cavanagh RD, Cosandey-Godin A, Crespo GO, Dunn DC, Ghiffary W, Grant SM, Hannah L, Halpin PN, Harfoot M, Heaslip SG, Jeffery NW, Kingston N, Lotze HK, McGowan J, McLeod E, McOwen CJ, O’Leary BC, Schiller L, Stanley RRE, Westhead M, Wilson KL, Worm B. Integrating climate adaptation and biodiversity conservation in the global ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaay9969. [PMID: 31807711 PMCID: PMC6881166 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change and the socioecological challenges they present are ubiquitous and increasingly severe. Practical efforts to operationalize climate-responsive design and management in the global network of marine protected areas (MPAs) are required to ensure long-term effectiveness for safeguarding marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here, we review progress in integrating climate change adaptation into MPA design and management and provide eight recommendations to expedite this process. Climate-smart management objectives should become the default for all protected areas, and made into an explicit international policy target. Furthermore, incentives to use more dynamic management tools would increase the climate change responsiveness of the MPA network as a whole. Given ongoing negotiations on international conservation targets, now is the ideal time to proactively reform management of the global seascape for the dynamic climate-biodiversity reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek P. Tittensor
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristina Boerder
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Daniel G. Boyce
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Guillermo Ortuño Crespo
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel C. Dunn
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Lee Hannah
- The Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Patrick N. Halpin
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mike Harfoot
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan G. Heaslip
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Nicholas W. Jeffery
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Naomi Kingston
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heike K. Lotze
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | | | - Chris J. McOwen
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bethan C. O’Leary
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, UK
| | - Laurenne Schiller
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Ocean Wise, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan R. E. Stanley
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Maxine Westhead
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | | | - Boris Worm
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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252
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Ebner JN, Ritz D, von Fumetti S. Comparative proteomics of stenotopic caddisfly Crunoecia irrorata identifies acclimation strategies to warming. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4453-4469. [PMID: 31478292 PMCID: PMC6856850 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Species' ecological preferences are often deduced from habitat characteristics thought to represent more or less optimal conditions for physiological functioning. Evolution has led to stenotopic and eurytopic species, the former having decreased niche breadths and lower tolerances to environmental variability. Species inhabiting freshwater springs are often described as being stenotopic specialists, adapted to the stable thermal conditions found in these habitats. Whether due to past local adaptation these species have evolved or have lost intra-generational adaptive mechanisms to cope with increasing thermal variability has, to our knowledge, never been investigated. By studying how the proteome of a stenotopic species changes as a result of increasing temperatures, we investigate if the absence or attenuation of molecular mechanisms is indicative of local adaptation to freshwater springs. An understanding of compensatory mechanisms is especially relevant as spring specialists will experience thermal conditions beyond their physiological limits due to climate change. In this study, the stenotopic species Crunoecia irrorata (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae, Curtis 1834) was acclimated to 10, 15 and 20°C for 168 hr. We constructed a homology-based database and via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based shotgun proteomics identified 1,358 proteins. Differentially abundant proteins and protein norms of reaction revealed candidate proteins and molecular mechanisms facilitating compensatory responses such as trehalose metabolism, tracheal system alteration and heat-shock protein regulation. A species-specific understanding of compensatory physiologies challenges the characterization of species as having narrow tolerances to environmental variability if that characterization is based on occurrences and habitat characteristics alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N. Ebner
- Geoecology Research GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Danilo Ritz
- Proteomics Core FacilityBiozentrumUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Stefanie von Fumetti
- Geoecology Research GroupDepartment of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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253
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Nash S, Rahman MS. Short‐term heat stress impairs testicular functions in the American oyster,Crassostrea virginica: Molecular mechanisms and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1444-1458. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nash
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine SciencesUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine SciencesUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Rio Grande Valley Brownsville Texas
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255
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Sunday J, Bennett JM, Calosi P, Clusella-Trullas S, Gravel S, Hargreaves AL, Leiva FP, Verberk WCEP, Olalla-Tárraga MÁ, Morales-Castilla I. Thermal tolerance patterns across latitude and elevation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190036. [PMID: 31203755 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Linking variation in species' traits to large-scale environmental gradients can lend insight into the evolutionary processes that have shaped functional diversity and future responses to environmental change. Here, we ask how heat and cold tolerance vary as a function of latitude, elevation and climate extremes, using an extensive global dataset of ectotherm and endotherm thermal tolerance limits, while accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and duration of exposure among studies. We show that previously reported relationships between thermal limits and latitude in ectotherms are robust to variation in methods. Heat tolerance of terrestrial ectotherms declined marginally towards higher latitudes and did not vary with elevation, whereas heat tolerance of freshwater and marine ectotherms declined more steeply with latitude. By contrast, cold tolerance limits declined steeply with latitude in marine, intertidal, freshwater and terrestrial ectotherms, and towards higher elevations on land. In all realms, both upper and lower thermal tolerance limits increased with extreme daily temperature, suggesting that different experienced climate extremes across realms explain the patterns, as predicted under the Climate Extremes Hypothesis. Statistically accounting for methodological variation in acclimation temperature, ramping rate and exposure duration improved model fits, and increased slopes with extreme ambient temperature. Our results suggest that fundamentally different patterns of thermal limits found among the earth's realms may be largely explained by differences in episodic thermal extremes among realms, updating global macrophysiological 'rules'. This article is part of the theme issue 'Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sunday
- 1 Department of Biology, McGill University , 1205 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- 2 Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale) , Germany.,3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Piero Calosi
- 4 Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski , 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, Canada G5 L 3A1
| | - Susana Clusella-Trullas
- 5 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch 7600 , South Africa
| | - Sarah Gravel
- 1 Department of Biology, McGill University , 1205 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Anna L Hargreaves
- 1 Department of Biology, McGill University , 1205 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Félix P Leiva
- 6 Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6500 GL Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Wilco C E P Verberk
- 6 Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen , 6500 GL Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Ángel Olalla-Tárraga
- 7 Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Móstoles 28933 , Spain
| | - Ignacio Morales-Castilla
- 8 GloCEE - Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Spain.,9 Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030
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