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Sun Q, Mosquera-Vazquez S, Daku LML, Guénée L, Goodwin HA, Vauthey E, Hauser A. Experimental evidence of ultrafast quenching of the 3MLCT luminescence in ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridyl complexes via a 3dd state. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13660-3. [PMID: 24000998 DOI: 10.1021/ja407225t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy serves to identify the (3)dd state as intermediate quencher state of the (3)MLCT luminescence in the non-luminescent ruthenium complexes [Ru(m-bpy)3](2+) (m-bpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Ru(tm-bpy)3](2+) (tm-bpy = 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2',2'-bipyridine). For [Ru(m-bpy)3](2+), the population of the (3)dd state from the (3)MLCT state occurs within 1.6 ps, while the return to the ground state takes 450 ps. For [Ru(tm-bpy)3](2+), the corresponding values are 0.16 and 7.5 ps, respectively. According to DFT calculations, methyl groups added in the 6 and 6' positions of bipyridine stabilize the (3)dd state by ~4000 cm(-1) each, compared to [Ru(bpy)3](2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Sun
- Département de chimie physique, Université de Genève , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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252
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Holder AA, Taylor P, Magnusen AR, Moffett ET, Meyer K, Hong Y, Ramsdale SE, Gordon M, Stubbs J, Seymour LA, Acharya D, Weber RT, Smith PF, Dismukes GC, Ji P, Menocal L, Bai F, Williams JL, Cropek DM, Jarrett WL. Preliminary anti-cancer photodynamic therapeutic in vitro studies with mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-vanadium(IV) complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:11881-99. [PMID: 23783642 PMCID: PMC3751419 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterisation of mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-vanadium(IV) complexes, which were used as potential photodynamic therapeutic agents for melanoma cell growth inhibition. The novel complexes, [Ru(pbt)2(phen2DTT)](PF6)2·1.5H2O 1 (where phen2DTT = 1,4-bis(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-ylsulfanyl)butane-2,3-diol and pbt = 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzothiazole) and [Ru(pbt)2(tpphz)](PF6)2·3H2O 2 (where tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]phenazine) were synthesised and characterised. Compound 1 was reacted with [VO(sal-L-tryp)(H2O)] (where sal-L-tryp = N-salicylidene-L-tryptophanate) to produce [Ru(pbt)2(phen2DTT)VO(sal-L-tryp)](PF6)2·5H2O 4; while [VO(sal-L-tryp)(H2O)] was reacted with compound 2 to produce [Ru(pbt)2(tpphz)VO(sal-L-tryp)](PF6)2·6H2O 3. All complexes were characterised by elemental analysis, HRMS, ESI MS, UV-visible absorption, ESR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, where appropriate. In vitro cell toxicity studies (with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay) via dark and light reaction conditions were carried out with sodium diaqua-4,4',4'',4''' tetrasulfophthalocyaninecobaltate(II) (Na4[Co(tspc)(H2O)2]), [VO(sal-L-tryp)(phen)]·H2O, and the chloride salts of complexes 3 and 4. Such studies involved A431, human epidermoid carcinoma cells; human amelanotic malignant melanoma cells; and HFF, non-cancerous human skin fibroblast cells. Both chloride salts of complexes 3 and 4 were found to be more toxic to melanoma cells than to non-cancerous fibroblast cells, and preferentially led to apoptosis of the melanoma cells over non-cancerous skin cells. The anti-cancer property of the chloride salts of complexes 3 and 4 was further enhanced when treated cells were exposed to light, while no such effect was observed on non-cancerous skin fibroblast cells. ESR and (51)V NMR spectroscopic studies were also used to assess the stability of the chloride salts of complexes 3 and 4 in aqueous media at pH 7.19. This research illustrates the potential for using mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-vanadium(IV) complexes to fight skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin A. Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Patrick Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Anthony R. Magnusen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Erick T. Moffett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Kyle Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, U.S.A
| | - Yiling Hong
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469-2320, U.S.A
| | - Stuart E. Ramsdale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Michelle Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Javelyn Stubbs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Luke A. Seymour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, # 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-0001, U.S.A. , telephone: 601-266-4767, and fax: 601-266-6075
| | - Dhiraj Acharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, MS 39406, U.S.A
| | - Ralph T. Weber
- EPR Division Bruker BioSpin, 44 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821, U.S.A
| | - Paul F. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
| | - G. Charles Dismukes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A
| | - Ping Ji
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, HSC T-17 room 080, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, U.S.A
| | - Laura Menocal
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, HSC T-17 room 080, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, U.S.A
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, MS 39406, U.S.A
| | - Jennie L. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, HSC T-17 room 080, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8175, U.S.A
| | - Donald M. Cropek
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL 61822, U.S.A
| | - William L. Jarrett
- School of Polymers and High-Performance Materials, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, #5050, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0076, U.S.A
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253
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Frasconi M, Liu Z, Lei J, Wu Y, Strekalova E, Malin D, Ambrogio MW, Chen X, Botros YY, Cryns VL, Sauvage JP, Stoddart JF. Photoexpulsion of surface-grafted ruthenium complexes and subsequent release of cytotoxic cargos to cancer cells from mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11603-13. [PMID: 23815127 PMCID: PMC4086662 DOI: 10.1021/ja405058y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have emerged both as promising probes of DNA structure and as anticancer agents because of their unique photophysical and cytotoxic properties. A key consideration in the administration of those therapeutic agents is the optimization of their chemical reactivities to allow facile attack on the target sites, yet avoid unwanted side effects. Here, we present a drug delivery platform technology, obtained by grafting the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with ruthenium(II) dipyridophenazine (dppz) complexes. This hybrid nanomaterial displays enhanced luminescent properties relative to that of the ruthenium(II) dppz complex in a homogeneous phase. Since the coordination between the ruthenium(II) complex and a monodentate ligand linked covalently to the nanoparticles can be cleaved under irradiation with visible light, the ruthenium complex can be released from the surface of the nanoparticles by selective substitution of this ligand with a water molecule. Indeed, the modified MSNPs undergo rapid cellular uptake, and after activation with light, the release of an aqua ruthenium(II) complex is observed. We have delivered, in combination, the ruthenium(II) complex and paclitaxel, loaded in the mesoporous structure, to breast cancer cells. This hybrid material represents a promising candidate as one of the so-called theranostic agents that possess both diagnostic and therapeutic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Juying Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elena Strekalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 3018 WIMR, 111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dmitry Malin
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 3018 WIMR, 111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Michael W. Ambrogio
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xinqi Chen
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental (NUANCE) Center, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Intel Labs, Building RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
- National Center for Nano Technology Research, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 3018 WIMR, 111 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institut de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires, University of Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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254
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Bahreman A, Limburg B, Siegler MA, Bouwman E, Bonnet S. Spontaneous formation in the dark, and visible light-induced cleavage, of a Ru-S bond in water: a thermodynamic and kinetic study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9456-69. [PMID: 23909908 DOI: 10.1021/ic401105v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work the thermal and photochemical reactivity of a series of ruthenium complexes [Ru(terpy)(N-N)(L)](X)2 (terpy = 2,2';6',2″-terpyridine, L = 2-(methylthio)ethanol (Hmte) or water, and X is Cl(-) or PF6(-)) with four different bidentate chelates N-N = bpy (2,2'-bipyridine), biq (2,2'-biquinoline), dcbpy (6,6'-dichloro-2,2'-bipyridine), or dmbpy (6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), is described. For each chelate N-N the thermodynamic constant of the dark equilibrium between the aqua- and Hmte- complexes, the Hmte photosubstitution quantum yield, and the rate constants of the thermal interconversion between the aqua and Hmte complexes were measured at room temperature. By changing the steric hindrance and electronic properties of the spectator N-N ligand along the series bpy, biq, dcbpy, dmbpy the dark reactivity clearly shifts from a nonlabile equilibrium with N-N = bpy to a very labile thermal equilibrium with N-N = dmbpy. According to variable-temperature rate constant measurements in the dark near pH = 7 the activation enthalpies for the thermal substitution of H2O by Hmte are comparable for all ruthenium complexes, whereas the activation entropies are negative for bpy and biq, and positive for dcbpy and dmbpy complexes. These data are indicative of a change in the substitution mechanism, being interchange associative with nonhindered or poorly hindered chelates (bpy, biq), and interchange dissociative for more bulky ligands (dcbpy, dmbpy). For the most labile dmbpy system, the thermal equilibrium is too fast to allow significant modification of the composition of the mixture using light, and for the nonhindered bpy complex the photosubstitution of Hmte by H2O is possible but thermal binding of Hmte to the aqua complex does not occur at room temperature. By contrast, with N-N = biq or dcbpy the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters describing the formation and breakage of the Ru-S bond lie in a range where the bond forms spontaneously in the dark, but is efficiently cleaved under light irradiation. Thus, the ratio between the aqua and Hmte complex in solution can be efficiently controlled at room temperature using visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Bahreman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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255
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Ye RR, Ke ZF, Tan CP, He L, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Histone-deacetylase-targeted fluorescent ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as potent anticancer agents. Chemistry 2013; 19:10160-9. [PMID: 23828334 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACis) have gained much attention as a new class of anticancer agents in recent years. Herein, we report a series of fluorescent ruthenium(II) complexes containing N(1)-hydroxy-N(8)-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)octanediamide (L), a suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) derivative, as a ligand. As expected, these complexes show interesting chemiphysical properties, including relatively high quantum yields, large Stokes shifts, and long emission lifetimes. The in vitro inhibitory effect of the most effective drug, [Ru(DIP)2L](PF6)2 (3; DIP: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), on histone deacetylases (HDACs) is approximately equivalent in activity to that of SAHA, and treatment with complex 3 results in increased levels of the acetylated histone H3. Complex 3 is highly active against a panel of human cancer cell lines, whereas it shows relatively much lower toxicity to normal cells. Further mechanism studies show that complex 3 can elicit cell cycle arrest and induce apoptosis through mitochondria-related pathways and the production of reactive oxygen species. These data suggest that these fluorescent ruthenium(II)-HDACi conjugates may represent a promising class of anticancer agents for potential dual imaging and therapeutic applications targeting HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Rong Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
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256
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Ruminski RR, Canaria JA, Padilla R. New bimetallic [(Cl)3Pt(dpop′)M(dpop′)](PF6) (M=Ru(II) and Os(II); dpop′=dipyrido (2,3-a:3′,2′-j)phenazine) complexes using dpop′ as a novel mixed denticity bridging ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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258
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Balaji B, Somyajit K, Banik B, Nagaraju G, Chakravarty AR. Photoactivated DNA cleavage and anticancer activity of oxovanadium(IV) complexes of curcumin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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259
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Stacey OJ, Pope SJA. New avenues in the design and potential application of metal complexes for photodynamic therapy. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45219k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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260
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261
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Wang J, Newman J, Higgins SLH, Brewer KM, Winkel BSJ, Brewer KJ. Red-Light-Induced Inhibition of DNA Replication and Amplification by PCR with an Os/Rh Supramolecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1262-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201207083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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262
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Wang J, Newman J, Higgins SLH, Brewer KM, Winkel BSJ, Brewer KJ. Red-Light-Induced Inhibition of DNA Replication and Amplification by PCR with an Os/Rh Supramolecule. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201207083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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263
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Higgins SLH, Brewer KJ. Durch rotes Licht aktivierbare multifunktionelle Agentien für die photodynamische Therapie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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264
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Higgins SLH, Brewer KJ. Designing Red-Light-Activated Multifunctional Agents for the Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11420-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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