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Rihal CS, Naidu SS, Givertz MM, Szeto WY, Burke JA, Kapur NK, Kern M, Garratt KN, Goldstein JA, Dimas V, Tu T. 2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS Clinical Expert Consensus Statement on the Use of Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiovascular Care (Endorsed by the American Heart Association, the Cardiological Society of India, and Sociedad Latino Americana de Cardiologia Intervencion; Affirmation of Value by the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology-Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d'intervention). J Card Fail 2016; 21:499-518. [PMID: 26036425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although historically the intra-aortic balloon pump has been the only mechanical circulatory support device available to clinicians, a number of new devices have become commercially available and have entered clinical practice. These include axial flow pumps, such as Impella(®); left atrial to femoral artery bypass pumps, specifically the TandemHeart; and new devices for institution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These devices differ significantly in their hemodynamic effects, insertion, monitoring, and clinical applicability. This document reviews the physiologic impact on the circulation of these devices and their use in specific clinical situations. These situations include patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention, those presenting with cardiogenic shock, and acute decompensated heart failure. Specialized uses for right-sided support and in pediatric populations are discussed and the clinical utility of mechanical circulatory support devices is reviewed, as are the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit S Rihal
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Srihari S Naidu
- Division of Cardiology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Michael M Givertz
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James A Burke
- Division of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Heart Specialists, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Morton Kern
- Division of Cardiology, UCI Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Kirk N Garratt
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Services, Heart and Vascular Institute of New York, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
| | - James A Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology, Beaumont Heart Center Clinic, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Vivian Dimas
- Pediatric Cardiology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas Tu
- Louisville Cardiology Group, Interventional Cardiology, Louisville, Kentucky
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252
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Kapur NK, Zisa DC. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) fails to solve the haemodynamic support equation in cardiogenic shock. EUROINTERVENTION 2016; 11:1337-9. [DOI: 10.4244/eijv11i12a261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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253
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Rab T. Disappointing Results, But We Must Carry On. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2016; 9:352-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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254
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Romeo F, Acconcia MC, Sergi D, Romeo A, Francioni S, Chiarotti F, Caretta Q. Percutaneous assist devices in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock: Review, meta-analysis. World J Cardiol 2016; 8:98-111. [PMID: 26839661 PMCID: PMC4728111 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i1.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the impact of percutaneous cardiac support in cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI), treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.
METHODS: We selected all of the studies published from January 1st, 1997 to May 15st, 2015 that compared the following percutaneous mechanical support in patients with CS due to AMI undergoing myocardial revascularization: (1) intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) vs Medical therapy; (2) percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (PLVADs) vs IABP; (3) complete extracorporeal life support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) plus IABP vs IABP alone; and (4) ECMO plus IABP vs ECMO alone, in patients with AMI and CS undergoing myocardial revascularization. We evaluated the impact of the support devices on primary and secondary endpoints. Primary endpoint was the inhospital mortality due to any cause during the same hospital stay and secondary endpoint late mortality at 6-12 mo of follow-up.
RESULTS: One thousand two hundred and seventy-two studies met the initial screening criteria. After detailed review, only 30 were selected. There were 6 eligible randomized controlled trials and 24 eligible observational studies totaling 15799 patients. We found that the inhospital mortality was: (1) significantly higher with IABP support vs medical therapy (RR = +15%, P = 0.0002); (2) was higher, although not significantly, with PLVADs compared to IABP (RR = +14%, P = 0.21); and (3) significantly lower in patients treated with ECMO plus IABP vs IABP (RR = -44%, P = 0.0008) or ECMO (RR = -20%, P = 0.006) alone. In addition, Trial Sequential Analysis showed that in the comparison of IABP vs medical therapy, the sample size was adequate to demonstrate a significant increase in risk due to IABP.
CONCLUSION: Inhospital mortality was significantly higher with IABP vs medical therapy. PLVADs did not reduce early mortality. ECMO plus IABP significantly reduced inhospital mortality compared to IABP.
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255
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Schiller P, Vikholm P, Hellgren L. The Impella® Recover mechanical assist device in acute cardiogenic shock: a single-centre experience of 66 patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 22:452-8. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivv305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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256
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Experience from a randomized controlled trial with Impella 2.5 versus IABP in STEMI patients with cardiogenic pre-shock. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:894-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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257
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Incidence of Hemolysis in Patients with Cardiogenic Shock Treated with Impella Percutaneous Left Ventricular Assist Device. ASAIO J 2016; 62:11-4. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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258
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Spence N, Abbott JD. Coronary Revascularization in Cardiogenic Shock. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2015; 18:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-015-0423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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259
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Acharya D, Gulack BC, Loyaga-Rendon RY, Davies JE, He X, Brennan JM, Thourani VH, Williams ML. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Data From The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 101:558-66. [PMID: 26718859 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS) is associated with substantial mortality. We evaluated outcomes of patients in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) in the setting of AMI-CS. METHODS All patients with AMI-CS who underwent nonelective CABG or CABG with ventricular assist device implantation within 7 days after myocardial infarction were enrolled. The primary analysis sample consisted of patients who underwent surgery between June 2011 and December 2013. Baseline characteristics, operative findings, outcomes, and the utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) were assessed in detail in this population. We also evaluated trends in unadjusted mortality for all patients undergoing CABG or CABG with ventricular assist device for AMI-CS from January 2005 to December 2013. RESULTS A total of 5,496 patients met study criteria, comprising 1.5% of all patients undergoing CABG during the study period. Overall operative mortality was 18.7%, decreasing from 19.3% in 2005 to 18.1% in 2013 (p < 0.001). Use of MCS increased from 5.8% in 2011 to 8.8% in 2013 (p = 0.008). Patients receiving MCS had a high proportion of cardiovascular risk factors or high clinical acuity. Patients requiring preoperative and patients requiring intraoperative or postoperative MCS had operative mortality of 37.2% and 58.4%, respectively. Patients undergoing CABG as a salvage procedure had an operative mortality of 53.3%, and a high incidence of reoperation (21.8%), postoperative respiratory failure requiring prolonged ventilation (59.7%), and renal failure (18.5%). CONCLUSIONS Most patients undergoing CABG for AMI-CS have a sizeable but not prohibitive risk. Patients who require MCS and those undergoing operation as a salvage procedure reflect higher risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Acharya
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Brian C Gulack
- Department of General Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Renzo Y Loyaga-Rendon
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James E Davies
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xia He
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Vinod H Thourani
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew L Williams
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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260
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Burzotta F, Trani C, Doshi SN, Townend J, van Geuns RJ, Hunziker P, Schieffer B, Karatolios K, Møller JE, Ribichini FL, Schäfer A, Henriques JP. Impella ventricular support in clinical practice: Collaborative viewpoint from a European expert user group. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:684-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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261
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Abu Saleh WK, Mason P, Jabbari OA, Samir H, Bruckner BA. Successful Use of Surgically Placed Impella 5.0 and Central Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit in a Patient with Postcardiotomy Shock. Tex Heart Inst J 2015; 42:569-71. [PMID: 26664314 DOI: 10.14503/thij-14-4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Impella 5.0, a percutaneously inserted left ventricular assist device, has been used to support patients who have severe heart failure or who are undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. We report our surgical placement of the Impella 5.0, through a graft sewn to the aorta, to unload the left ventricle of a 59-year-old man who was undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy shock. The patient underwent successful placement of a long-term left ventricular assist device before his discharge from the hospital. The versatility of the Impella 5.0 is exemplified in this patient who was successfully bridged to long-term support.
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262
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[Mechanical cardiac-assist devices in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2015; 64:513-6. [PMID: 26482626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 49-year-old woman was admitted for an anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). At hospital arrival, she presented with cardiogenic shock. An immediate coronary angiogram showed an occluded ostial left anterior descending artery. During percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), ventricular fibrillation occurred requiring multiple electrical counter-shocks. The coronary artery was opened during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and two drug-eluting stents were implanted. At the end of the procedure, an Impella CP® mechanical cardiac-assist device was inserted. Rapid and marked improvement in the hemodynamic status was noted in the following days. The Impella CP® was withdrawn after five days and the patient was discharged two weeks later. Despite limited data, mechanical cardiac assistance is recommended in cardiogenic shock. Several devices are currently available; the choice of the system is based on the clinical presentation and the experience of each center. The Impella CP® is a microaxial pump which is inserted percutaneously and delivers up to 3.5L/min of continuous flow. In cardiogenic shock due to STEMI, this device allows temporary support while awaiting left ventricular recovery after primary PCI.
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263
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Gorenek B, Blomström Lundqvist C, Brugada Terradellas J, Camm AJ, Hindricks G, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Kuck KH, Kudaiberdieva G, Lin T, Raviele A, Santini M, Tilz RR, Valgimigli M, Vos MA, Vrints C, Zeymer U, Kristiansen SB. Cardiac arrhythmias in acute coronary syndromes: position paper from the joint EHRA, ACCA, and EAPCI task force. EUROINTERVENTION 2015; 10:1095-108. [PMID: 25169596 DOI: 10.4244/eijy14m08_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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264
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Abaunza M, Kabbani LS, Nypaver T, Greenbaum A, Balraj P, Qureshi S, Alqarqaz MA, Shepard AD. Incidence and prognosis of vascular complications after percutaneous placement of left ventricular assist device. J Vasc Surg 2015; 62:417-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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265
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Spiro J, Doshi SN. Use of left ventricular support devices during acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention. Curr Cardiol Rep 2015; 16:544. [PMID: 25326728 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-014-0544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve outcomes in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), percutaneous ventricular assist devices (PVADs) have been investigated in (1) high-risk PCI, (2) acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) and (3) in AMI without CS. PCI has become an increasing complex due to an ageing population with complex disease and the frequent presence of impaired LV function. Patients undergoing high-risk PCI in these circumstances are prone to acute cardiovascular collapse. Additionally, mortality in AMI complicated by CS remains high. Lastly, LV support during AMI may reduce infarct size and therefore preserve LV function. At present, four commercially available devices exist: intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABP), Impella, TandemHeart and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). These devices are employed in an effort to increase cardiac output, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and coronary perfusion and to reduce pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). The mechanism of action differs with each device, and there are advantages and disadvantages. In this update, we discuss recent data describing the use of PVADs to support patients with AMI with or without cardiogenic shock and during high-risk PCI. We focus on the unique features of each device, highlighting strengths, weaknesses and frequently encountered complications, which may be important when tailoring the most appropriate PVAD therapy to an individual patient's need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Spiro
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
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266
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Gilani FS, Farooqui S, Doddamani R, Gruberg L. Percutaneous Mechanical Support in Cardiogenic Shock: A Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 9:23-8. [PMID: 26052235 PMCID: PMC4448941 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s19707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a life-threatening condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological therapy is often the first line of treatment but mechanical support can provide substantial hemodynamic improvement in refractory CS. Percutaneous mechanical support devices are placed in a minimally invasive manner and provide life-saving assistance to the failing myocardium. We review the percutaneous devices currently available, the evidence behind their use, and the new advances in percutaneous technology being evaluated for the treatment of CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Syed Gilani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Farooqui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajiv Doddamani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luis Gruberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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267
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2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS Clinical Expert Consensus Statement on the Use of Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiovascular Care. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:e7-e26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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268
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Rihal CS, Naidu SS, Givertz MM, Szeto WY, Burke JA, Kapur NK, Kern M, Garratt KN, Goldstein JA, Dimas V, Tu T. 2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS clinical expert consensus statement on the use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiovascular care (Endorsed by the American heart assocation, the cardiological society of India, and sociedad latino America. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 85:E175-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srihari S. Naidu
- Division of Cardiology; Winthrop University Hospital; Mineola New York
| | | | - Wilson Y. Szeto
- Department of Surgery; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - James A. Burke
- Division of Cardiology; Lehigh Valley Heart Specialists; Allentown, PA
| | | | - Morton Kern
- Division of Cardiology; UCI Medical Center; Orange CA
| | - Kirk N. Garratt
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Services, Heart and Vascular Institute of New York; Lenox Hill Hospital; New York New York
| | - James A. Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology; Beaumont Heart Center Clinic; Royal Oak Michigan
| | - Vivian Dimas
- Pediatric Cardiology; UT Southwestern; Dallas Texas
| | - Thomas Tu
- Louisville Cardiology Group; Interventional Cardiology; Louisville Kentucky
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269
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Lawson WE, Koo M. Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices and ECMO in the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 9:41-8. [PMID: 25983563 PMCID: PMC4412014 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s19701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The successful treatment of acute decompensated heart failure continues to evolve with an increasing utilization of nondurable mechanical support devices. Indications for acute support have broadened to include their use as a bridge to recovery or decision (for durable ventricular assist devices [VADs] or heart transplant). Available devices have improved in terms of effectiveness, ease of insertion, and reduction in complications. The commonly used devices (intra-aortic balloon pump, TandemHeart, Impella, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit), together with their mechanisms of action, are reviewed. Current considerations for support, specific to each device, are examined and future directions and indications for percutaneous VADs are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Lawson
- Division of Cardiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael Koo
- Division of Cardiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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270
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Thiele H, Ohman EM, Desch S, Eitel I, de Waha S. Management of cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:1223-30. [PMID: 25732762 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains the most common cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction although mortality could be reduced from formerly ∼80% to 40-50%. In addition to percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting, catecholamines, fluids, intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP), and also active assist devices are widely used for CS management. However, there is only limited evidence for any of the above treatments except for early revascularization and the relative ineffectiveness of IABP. This updated review will therefore outline the management of CS complicating acute myocardial infarction with major focus on evidence-based revascularization techniques, intensive care unit treatment including ventilation, transfusion regimens, adjunctive medication, and mechanical support devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Thiele
- Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Heart Centre Luebeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Desch
- Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Heart Centre Luebeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Ingo Eitel
- Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Heart Centre Luebeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck 23538, Germany
| | - Suzanne de Waha
- Medical Clinic II (Cardiology/Angiology/Intensive Care Medicine), University Heart Centre Luebeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Luebeck 23538, Germany
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271
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Gilotra NA, Stevens GR. Temporary mechanical circulatory support: a review of the options, indications, and outcomes. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 8:75-85. [PMID: 25674024 PMCID: PMC4317108 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s15718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock remains a challenging disease entity and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) can be implemented in an acute setting to stabilize acutely ill patients with cardiomyopathy in a variety of clinical situations. Currently, several options exist for temporary MCS. We review the indications, contraindications, clinical applications, and evidences for a variety of temporary circulatory support options, including the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), CentriMag blood pump, and percutaneous ventricular assist devices (pVADs), specifically the TandemHeart and Impella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha A Gilotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerin R Stevens
- Mechanical Circulatory Support Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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272
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Van Herck JL, Claeys MJ, De Paep R, Van Herck PL, Vrints CJ, Jorens PG. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2015; 4:278-97. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872614568294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jozef L Van Herck
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc J Claeys
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Paep
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul L Van Herck
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christiaan J Vrints
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe G Jorens
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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273
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Fröhlich G, Pibernik A, Ferrari M. ["Bridge to recovery"- implantation of an Impella® CP in infarct-related cardiogenic shock]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2014; 110:225-30. [PMID: 25366887 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-014-0426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 43-year-old man with the diagnosis of a posterior and anterior wall infarction who was taken to our institution after prolonged cardioplumonary resuscitation. Cardiac catheterization showed thrombotic occlusion of the LAD and a subtotal stenosis of the right coronary artery. Both lesions were revascularized by PCI. Despite catecholamine infusion, the patient developed severe cardiogenic shock with multiorgan dysfunction syndrome under therapeutic hypothermia. Thus, an Impella® CP, a percutaneous left ventricular assist device (LVAD), was implanted. Due to effective LVAD support, it was possible to wean and remove the device after 75 h of support. The impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and wall-motion abnormalities which were present on day 1 achieved complete recuperation on day 14. The patient was discharged without any neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fröhlich
- Medizinische Klinik I, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken (HSK) Wiesbaden, Ludwig-Erhard-Str. 100, 65199, Wiesbaden, Deutschland,
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Gorenek B, Blomström Lundqvist C, Brugada Terradellas J, Camm AJ, Hindricks G, Huber K, Kirchhof P, Kuck KH, Kudaiberdieva G, Lin T, Raviele A, Santini M, Tilz RR, Valgimigli M, Vos MA, Vrints C, Zeymer U, Kristiansen SB, Lip GY, Potpara T, Fauchier L, Sticherling C, Roffi M, Widimsky P, Mehilli J, Lettino M, Schiele F, Sinnaeve P, Boriani G, Lane D, Savelieva I. Cardiac arrhythmias in acute coronary syndromes: position paper from the joint EHRA, ACCA, and EAPCI task force. Europace 2014; 16:1655-73. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Gorenek
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - A. John Camm
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Kurt Huber
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Karl-Heinz Kuck
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Tina Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Antonio Raviele
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Massimo Santini
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | - Marc A. Vos
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Uwe Zeymer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Maini B, Scotti DJ, Gregory D. Health economics of percutaneous hemodynamic support in the treatment of high-risk cardiac patients: a systematic appraisal of the literature. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 14:403-16. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2014.908714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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276
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Moscarelli M, Harling L, Attaran S, Ashrafian H, Casula RP, Athanasiou T. Surgical revascularisation of the acute coronary artery syndrome. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 12:393-402. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.890889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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277
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Tenzer S, Peters B, Bulik S, Schoor O, Lemmel C, Schatz MM, Kloetzel PM, Rammensee HG, Schild H, Holzhütter HG. Modeling the MHC class I pathway by combining predictions of proteasomal cleavage, TAP transport and MHC class I binding. Cell Mol Life Sci 2005; 62:1025-37. [PMID: 15868101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-005-4528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are selected by a multi-step process. Here we present the first computational prediction of this process based on in vitro experiments characterizing proteasomal cleavage, transport by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and MHC class I binding. Our novel prediction method for proteasomal cleavages outperforms existing methods when tested on in vitro cleavage data. The analysis of our predictions for a new dataset consisting of 390 endogenously processed MHC class I ligands from cells with known proteasome composition shows that the immunological advantage of switching from constitutive to immunoproteasomes is mainly to suppress the creation of peptides in the cytosol that TAP cannot transport. Furthermore, we show that proteasomes are unlikely to generate MHC class I ligands with a C-terminal lysine residue, suggesting processing of these ligands by a different protease that may be tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacherstr. 67, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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278
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Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells is required to control homeostasis in normal and pathological circumstances, and inappropriate clearance of cell corpses may lead to autoimmune diseases and inflammation. The multiplicity of phagocytotic mechanisms points to the relevance of removing apoptotic cells. A variety of surface molecules present in either the apoptotic bodies or phagocytes help in attachment and initiation of engulfment. Nonetheless, uncontrolled phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and other particles may lead to tissue injury; therefore, negative signals are important in balancing phagocytotic activity. This review aims at a systematic examination of positive and negative signals that modulate the uptake of apoptotic bodies and the signaling mechanisms involved in the clearance of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. G. de Almeida
- Instituto de Biofísica da UFRJ, CCS, bloco G, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Present Address: Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461 USA
| | - R. Linden
- Instituto de Biofísica da UFRJ, CCS, bloco G, Cidade Universitária, 21949-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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