251
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The potential association between periodontitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2965-2974. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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252
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Takashima Y, Horisawa K, Udono M, Ohkawa Y, Suzuki A. Prolonged inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation by combinatorial expression of defined transcription factors. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3543-3553. [PMID: 30220099 PMCID: PMC6215883 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer cases and has an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, novel innovative therapies for HCC are strongly desired. As gene therapy tools for HCC, 2 hepatic transcription factors (TF), HNF4A and HNF1A, have been used to suppress proliferation and to extinguish cancer‐specific characteristics of target cells. However, our present data demonstrated that single transduction of HNF4A or HNF1A had only a limited effect on suppression of HCC cell proliferation. Thus, in this study, we examined whether combinations of TF could show more effective antitumor activity, and found that combinatorial transduction of 3 hepatic TF, HNF4A, HNF1A and FOXA3, suppressed HCC cell proliferation more stably than single transduction of these TF. The combinatorial transduction also suppressed cancer‐specific phenotypes, such as anchorage‐independent growth in culture and tumorigenicity after transplantation into mice. HCC cell lines transduced with the 3 TF did not recover their proliferative property after withdrawal of anticancer drugs, indicating that combinatorial expression of the 3 TF suppressed the growth of all cell subtypes within the HCC cell lines, including cancer stem‐like cells. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the expression levels of a specific gene set involved in cell proliferation were only decreased in HCC cells overexpressing all 3 TF. Moreover, combined transduction of the 3 TF could facilitate hepatic differentiation of HCC cell lines. Our strategy for inducing stable inhibition and functional differentiation of tumor cells using a defined set of TF will become an effective therapeutic strategy for various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Takashima
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Horisawa
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyako Udono
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Division of Transcriptomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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253
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive review summarizing the existing evidence on the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension (HT) independent of other components of metabolic syndrome. METHODS We searched the literature through Medline and the Cochrane Library for studies evaluating the relationship between hypertension and fatty liver disease. RESULTS Studies testing this association are limited, but agree that HT and fatty liver disease are inter-related independent of other components of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. Clinical evidence shows that NAFLD is associated with new-onset HT, whereas increased blood pressure is related to the development of fatty liver disease and the possible subsequent progression to liver fibrosis. Insulin resistance and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) might provide potential pathophysiologic links between these clinical entities. Until further evidence is available, patients with HT should be meticulously evaluated and treated for fatty liver disease and vice versa. RAAS inhibitors have been tested in NAFLD, presenting a favorable profile by decreasing insulin resistance and fibrosis progression. CONCLUSION NAFLD and HT are associated independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Insulin resistance appears to be the main linking mechanism. Although RAAS inhibitors are the most beneficial treatment option for HT in patients with NAFLD, randomized studies on the administration of these agents in HT patients with NAFDL are warranted to provide optimal treatment options in these high cardiovascular risk individuals.
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254
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Nutraceutical Approach to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): The Available Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091153. [PMID: 30142943 PMCID: PMC6163782 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical condition characterized by lipid infiltration of the liver, highly prevalent in the general population affecting 25% of adults, with a doubled prevalence in diabetic and obese patients. Almost 1/3 of NAFLD evolves in Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH), and this can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver. However, the main causes of mortality of patients with NAFLD are cardiovascular diseases. At present, there are no specific drugs approved on the market for the treatment of NAFLD, and the treatment is essentially based on optimization of lifestyle. However, some nutraceuticals could contribute to the improvement of lipid infiltration of the liver and of the related anthropometric, haemodynamic, and/or biochemical parameters. The aim of this paper is to review the available clinical data on the effect of nutraceuticals on NAFLD and NAFLD-related parameters. Relatively few nutraceutical molecules have been adequately studied for their effects on NAFLD. Among these, we have analysed in detail the effects of silymarin, vitamin E, vitamin D, polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 series, astaxanthin, coenzyme Q10, berberine, curcumin, resveratrol, extracts of Salvia milthiorriza, and probiotics. In conclusion, Silymarin, vitamin E and vitamin D, polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 series, coenzyme Q10, berberine and curcumin, if well dosed and administered for medium–long periods, and associated to lifestyle changes, could exert positive effects on NAFLD and NAFLD-related parameters.
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255
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Bonomini F, Borsani E, Favero G, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091135. [PMID: 30134592 PMCID: PMC6164189 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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256
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Al-Muzafar HM, Amin KA. Thiazolidinedione induces a therapeutic effect on hepatosteatosis by regulating stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, lipase activity, leptin and resistin. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2938-2948. [PMID: 30214514 PMCID: PMC6125847 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatosteatosis is a disease present worldwide, which presents a number of health problems. Recently, thiazolidinedione (TZD) has been used as a therapy for lipid disorders. The present study demonstrates the potential of TZD as a treatment for hepatosteatosis and its mechanism of action, particularly focusing on its role in lipid metabolism. A total of 60 (80-90 g) rats were divided into three groups: A normal group with a standard diet, a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet (HFCD) group or a HFCD+TZD group (n=20/group). The HFCD induced hepatosteatosis over a period of 12 weeks and the HFCD+TZD group were administered TZD in weeks 13-16. Blood and tissue samples were collected to measure hepatic function, the lipid profile, metabolism and hormone biomarkers, including serum triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD-1), leptin and resistin. The HFCD-fed rats exhibited a significant increase in serum TG, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, alanine transaminase and bilirubin compared with the normal group as well as a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein. In addition, serum leptin and resistin were significantly elevated in the HFCD group compared with the normal group. The administration of TZD significantly increased SCD-1 activity and significantly inhibited LPL activity. It also attenuated the changes in the lipid profiles and normalized serum leptin and resistin levels. The results of the present study indicated that HFCD induced lipid abnormalities associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hepatosteatosis. These changes resulted from disruption to leptin and resistin, which may be due to alterations in LPL and SCD-1 activity. TZD mitigated the effects of HFCD-induced hepatosteatosis, indicating a possible regulatory effect of TZD in the development of hepatosteatosis. The authors suggest that the manipulation of SCD-1 and lipase by TZD may be useful as a treatment for hepatosteatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessah Mohammed Al-Muzafar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Adel Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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257
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Qin S, Wang S, Wang X, Wang J. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of urolithiasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12092. [PMID: 30170429 PMCID: PMC6392955 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a higher risk of urolithiasis, but it has not yet been determined that this association is reproducible and consistent across different studies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of these studies to examine the association between NAFLD and the risk of urolithiasis.We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar using terms "fatty liver" (OR "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease" OR "non-alcoholic steatohepatitis" OR "NAFLD" OR "NASH") AND "urolithiasis" (OR "nephrolithiasis" OR "kidney stone" OR "urinary calculi" OR "renal colic" OR "urologic disease"). Observational studies in which NAFLD and urolithiasis were diagnosed by either ultrasonography or computerized tomography were included.A total of 7 observational studies with 226,541 individuals (24.7% with NAFLD) and 19,184 urolithiasis (8.5%). NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis (random effect odds ratio, OR 1.73, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.24-2.40, I=94.5%). Sensitivity analyses revealed the robustness of the results. Egger test and Begg test suggested no publication bias (P > .05).NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis. Therefore, patients with NAFLD should be carefully monitored for the development of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyou Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University
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258
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Hoffmanová I, Sánchez D, Tučková L, Tlaskalová-Hogenová H. Celiac Disease and Liver Disorders: From Putative Pathogenesis to Clinical Implications. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070892. [PMID: 30002342 PMCID: PMC6073476 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologically mediated liver diseases belong to the common extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease. We have reviewed the current literature that addresses the association between celiac disease and liver disorders. We searched relevant articles on MEDLINE/PubMed up to 15 June 2018. The objective of the article is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review on the latest hypotheses explaining the pathogenetic relationship between celiac disease and liver injury. Besides the involvement of gut–liver axis, tissue transglutaminase antibodies, and impairment of intestinal barrier, we integrate the latest achievements made in elucidation of the role of gut microbiota in celiac disease and liver disorders, that has not yet been sufficiently discussed in the literature in this context. The further objective is to provide a complete clinical overview on the types of liver diseases frequently found in celiac disease. In conclusion, the review highlights the clinical implication, recommend a rational approach for managing elevated transaminases in celiac patients, and underscore the importance of screening for celiac disease in patients with associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Hoffmanová
- Centre for Research on Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Sánchez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ludmila Tučková
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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259
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Bajantri B, Lvovsky D. A Case of Concomitant Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Treated With CPAP Therapy. Gastroenterology Res 2018; 11:252-259. [PMID: 29915639 PMCID: PMC5997478 DOI: 10.14740/gr1033w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a disorder of sleep breathing that is a result of recurrent and intermittent hypoxia during sleep induced by the repeated partial or complete collapse of the upper airway, eventually causing chronic intermittent hypoxia. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is divided into non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Animal and human studies showed that obesity is associated with chronic liver hypoxia, even in the presence of systemic normoxia causing inflammation and release of cytokines. A "two-hit" model has been proposed. The first hit is characterized by insulin resistance and excess hepatic lipid accumulation secondary to abnormal fatty acid metabolism. Oxidative stress and inflammation are thought to comprise the second hit. Gold standard for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a liver biopsy. Many clinical scores and non-invasive tools are used for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Conservative management with lifestyle modifications including diet, exercise and weight loss remains the therapy of choice today. We present a case report of a 39-year-old man who was diagnosed with concomitant non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and severe obstructive sleep apnea. He was started treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and demonstrated excellent adherence to therapy for 6 years, with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis which reversed with prolonged optimal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Physical examination remained unremarkable except for morbid obesity. His abdominal girth, as well as body mass index, remained unchanged. After 6 years of optimal continuous positive airway pressure therapy, liver enzymes and relevant lipid panel normalized, suggesting reversal of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bajantri
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
| | - Dmitry Lvovsky
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY 10457, USA
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260
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Santos JDB, Mendonça AAS, Sousa RC, Silva TGS, Bigonha SM, Santos EC, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. Food-drug interaction: Anabolic steroids aggravate hepatic lipotoxicity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by trans fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:360-368. [PMID: 29704577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remains unknown if dietary lipids and anabolic steroids (AS) can interact to modify energy metabolism, hepatic structure and function. We investigated the impact of AS on gene expression, lipid profile, redox status and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice treated with a diet rich in trans fatty acids. Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were equally randomized into six groups and treated with a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) alone or combined with testosterone cypionate (10 or 20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. When combined with a HFD, AS reduced plasma HDL cholesterol levels. It also upregulated SREBP-1, PPARα, SCD-1 and ACOX1 gene expression; plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels; oxidative stress; circulating hepatic transaminase levels and NAFLD severity. Our finding indicated that the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase was attenuated by HFD, an effect whose implications for AS-induced hepatotoxicity requires further investigation. Increased lipid, protein and DNA oxidative damage as well as worsening NAFLD in response to the interaction of HFD and AS were also potentially associated with the ability of AS to amplify the activation of regulatory lipid metabolism genes that are also involved in the control of cellular redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamili D B Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa A S Mendonça
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Sousa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaiany G S Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solange M Bigonha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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261
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Zhao W, Liu Z, Guo W, Luo K, Yang J, Gao W, Wu X, Chen X. A UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of pairs of oleanene- and ursane-type triterpenoid saponins and their major metabolites in mice plasma and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8586-8595. [PMID: 35539862 PMCID: PMC9078533 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00739j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ilexhainanoside D (IhD) and Ilexsaponin A1 (IsA) are a pair of oleanene- and ursane-type triterpenoid saponins, which are also the main bioactive pharmaceutical ingredients of Ilex hainanensis Merr. with great potential to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The pharmacokinetics of four representative triterpenoids in mice were investigated in this study, which were IhD, IsA and their major metabolites 3β, 19α-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid (ID) and Ilexgenin A (IA). A sensitive and accurate UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitative determination of IhD, IsA, ID and IA in control and NAFLD mice plasma after oral administration of the total saponins of I. hainanensis (the contents of IhD and IsA were 41.6% and 54.4%, respectively). The results revealed that the pharmacokinetic behaviors could be changed in NAFLD mice compared with control mice. The area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve and maximum plasma concentrations of IhD and IsA were greatly decreased in the NAFLD mice. However, the main residence time of ID and IA were greatly increased in the NAFLD mice. The results revealed that this method could be used to analyze two pairs of triterpenoid isomers in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Zongyang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Kui Luo
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University Beijing 100069 China
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