251
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Poncharal P, Berger C, Yi Y, Wang ZL, de Heer WA. Room Temperature Ballistic Conduction in Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021271u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Poncharal
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Claire Berger
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Yan Yi
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Z. L. Wang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Walt A. de Heer
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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252
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253
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Vázquez E, Georgakilas V, Prato M. Microwave-assisted purification of HIPCO carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:2308-9. [PMID: 12430415 DOI: 10.1039/b207436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A very easy way for improving the purity of carbon nanotubes using a domestic multimode microwave oven is reported, in which selective burning of metal particles helps remove most of the iron content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Vázquez
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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254
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Fan FRF, Yang J, Cai L, Price DW, Dirk SM, Kosynkin DV, Yao Y, Rawlett AM, Tour JM, Bard AJ. Charge transport through self-assembled monolayers of compounds of interest in molecular electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5550-60. [PMID: 11996598 DOI: 10.1021/ja017706t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrical properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal surfaces have been explored for a series of molecules to address the relation between the behavior of a molecule and its structure. We probed interfacial electron transfer processes, particularly those involving unoccupied states, of SAMs of thiolates or arylates on Au by using shear force-based scanning probe microscopy (SPM) combined with current-voltage (i-V) and current-distance (i-d) measurements. The i-V curves of hexadecanethiol in the low bias regime were symmetric around 0 V and the current increased exponentially with V at high bias voltage. Different than hexadecanethiol, reversible peak-shaped i-V characteristics were obtained for most of the nitro-based oligo(phenylene ethynylene) SAMs studied here, indicating that part of the conduction mechanism of these junctions involved resonance tunneling. These reversible peaked i-V curves, often described as a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect of the junction, can be used to define a threshold tip bias, V(TH), for resonant conduction. We also found that for all of the SAMs studied here, the current decreased with increasing distance, d, between tip and substrate. The attenuation factor beta of hexadecanethiol was high, ranging from 1.3 to 1.4 A(-1), and was nearly independent of the tip bias. The beta-values for nitro-based molecules were low and depended strongly on the tip bias, ranging from 0.15 A(-1) for tetranitro oligo(phenylene ethynylene) thiol, VII, to 0.50 A(-1) for dinitro oligo(phenylene) thiol, VI, at a -3.0 V tip bias. Both the V(TH) and beta values of these nitro-based SAMs were also strongly dependent on the structures of the molecules, e.g. the number of electroactive substituent groups on the central benzene, the molecular wire backbone, the anchoring linkage, and the headgroup. We also observed charge storage on nitro-based molecules. For a SAM of the dintro compound, V, approximately 25% of charge collected in the negative scan is stored in the molecules and can be collected at positive voltages. A possible mechanism involving lateral electron hopping is proposed to explain this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ren F Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nano-and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA
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255
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Yaliraki SN, Ratner MA. Interplay of topology and chemical stability on the electronic transport of molecular junctions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 960:153-62. [PMID: 11971796 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb03030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The coherent electronic transport through molecular junctions is theoretically modeled. The interplay of geometry, topology, and chemistry is explored within the Landauer picture of elastic scattering and various methods of quantum description of the composite system. The emphasis is on obtaining guiding principles for device optimization. Outstanding problems and future directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Yaliraki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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256
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Georgakilas V, Kordatos K, Prato M, Guldi DM, Holzinger M, Hirsch A. Organic functionalization of carbon nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:760-1. [PMID: 11817945 DOI: 10.1021/ja016954m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 580] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A very general and versatile method for functionalizing different types of carbon nanotubes is described, using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. Approximately one organic group per 100 carbon atoms of the nanotube is introduced, to yield remakably soluble bundles of nanotubes, as seen in transmission electron micrographs. The solubilization of the nanotubes generates a novel, interesting class of materials, which combines the properties of the nanotubes and the organic moiety, thus offering new opportunities for applications in materials science, including the preparation of nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Georgakilas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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257
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Xie B, Jiang Y, Yuan S, Li Q, Wu Y, Wu J, Qian Y. Synthesis of NiS NanowhiskersviaSurfactant-aid Hydrothermal Reaction. CHEM LETT 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2002.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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258
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Wang X, Lu J, Xie Y, Du G, Guo Q, Zhang S. A Novel Route to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanorods at Low Temperature. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0130719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Wang
- Structure Research Laboratory and Laboratory of Nanochemistry & Nanomaterials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Structure Research Laboratory and Laboratory of Nanochemistry & Nanomaterials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xie
- Structure Research Laboratory and Laboratory of Nanochemistry & Nanomaterials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guoan Du
- Structure Research Laboratory and Laboratory of Nanochemistry & Nanomaterials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Qixun Guo
- Structure Research Laboratory and Laboratory of Nanochemistry & Nanomaterials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Structure Research Laboratory and Laboratory of Nanochemistry & Nanomaterials, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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259
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260
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Bachtold A, de Jonge M, Grove-Rasmussen K, McEuen PL, Buitelaar M, Schönenberger C. Suppression of tunneling into multiwall carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:166801. [PMID: 11690223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied tunneling of electrons into multiwall carbon nanotubes (NTs) in NT-gold and NT-NT junctions, the latter created by atomic force microscope manipulation. The tunneling conductance goes to zero as the energy (temperature and bias) is reduced, and the functional form is consistent with a power law. The exponents depend upon sample geometry. The relationship between these results and theories for tunneling into ballistic and disordered metals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bachtold
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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261
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Electrical characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with Scanning Force Microscopy. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(01)00264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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262
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Cao A, Zhu H, Zhang X, Li X, Ruan D, Xu C, Wei B, Liang J, Wu D. Hydrogen storage of dense-aligned carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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263
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Wold DJ, Frisbie CD. Fabrication and characterization of metal-molecule-metal junctions by conducting probe atomic force microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5549-56. [PMID: 11389638 DOI: 10.1021/ja0101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal-molecule-metal junctions were fabricated by contacting Au-supported alkyl or benzyl thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with an Au-coated atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. The tip-SAM microcontact is approximately 15 nm(2), meaning the junction contains approximately 75 molecules. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of these junctions were probed as a function of SAM thickness and load applied to the microcontact. The measurements showed: (1) the I-V traces were linear over +/-0.3 V, (2) the junction resistance increased exponentially with alkyl chain length, (3) the junction resistance decreased with increasing load and showed two distinct power law scaling regimes, (4) resistances were a factor of 10 lower for junctions based on benzyl thiol SAMs compared to hexyl thiol SAMs having the same thickness, and (5) the junctions sustained fields up to 2 x 10(7) V/cm before breakdown. I-V characteristics determined for bilayer junctions involving alkane thiol-coated tips in contact with alkane thiol SAMs on Au also showed linear I-Vs over +/-0.3 V and the same exponential dependence on thickness. The I-V behavior and the exponential dependence of resistance on alkyl chain length are consistent with coherent, nonresonant electron tunneling across the SAM. The calculated conductance decay constant (beta) is 1.2 per methylene unit ( approximately 1.1 A(-)(1)) for both monolayer and bilayer junctions, in keeping with previous scanning tunneling microscope and electrochemical measurements of electron transfer through SAMs. These measurements show that conducting probe-AFM is a reliable method for fundamental studies of electron transfer through small numbers of molecules. The ability to vary the load on the microcontact is a unique characteristic of these junctions and opens opportunities for exploring electron transfer as a function of molecular deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Wold
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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264
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Bulusheva LG, Okotrub AV, Asanov IP, Fonseca A, Nagy JB. Comparative Study on the Electronic Structure of Arc-Discharge and Catalytic Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010056v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. G. Bulusheva
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - A. V. Okotrub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - I. P. Asanov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - A. Fonseca
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - J. B. Nagy
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, and Laboratoire de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire, Facultes Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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265
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Collins PG, Arnold MS, Avouris P. Engineering carbon nanotubes and nanotube circuits using electrical breakdown. Science 2001; 292:706-9. [PMID: 11326094 DOI: 10.1126/science.1058782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes display either metallic or semiconducting properties. Both large, multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs), with many concentric carbon shells, and bundles or "ropes" of aligned single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs), are complex composite conductors that incorporate many weakly coupled nanotubes that each have a different electronic structure. Here we demonstrate a simple and reliable method for selectively removing single carbon shells from MWNTs and SWNT ropes to tailor the properties of these composite nanotubes. We can remove shells of MWNTs stepwise and individually characterize the different shells. By choosing among the shells, we can convert a MWNT into either a metallic or a semiconducting conductor, as well as directly address the issue of multiple-shell transport. With SWNT ropes, similar selectivity allows us to generate entire arrays of nanoscale field-effect transistors based solely on the fraction of semiconducting SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Collins
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
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266
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Collins PG, Hersam M, Arnold M, Martel R, Avouris P. Current saturation and electrical breakdown in multiwalled carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 86:3128-3131. [PMID: 11290124 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the limits of high energy transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). In contrast to metal wires, MWNTs do not fail in the continuous, accelerating manner typical of electromigration. Instead, they fail via a series of sharp, equally sized current steps. We assign these steps to the sequential destruction of individual nanotube shells, consistent with the MWNT's concentric-shell geometry. Furthermore, the initiation of this failure is very sensitive to air exposure. In air failure is initiated by oxidation at a particular power, whereas in vacuum MWNTs can withstand much higher power densities and reach their full current carrying capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Collins
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, USA
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267
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Kelley TW, Frisbie CD. Gate Voltage Dependent Resistance of a Single Organic Semiconductor Grain Boundary. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004519t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommie W. Kelley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - C. Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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268
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Fan FR, Yang J, Dirk SM, Price DW, Kosynkin D, Tour JM, Bard AJ. Determination of the molecular electrical properties of self-assembled monolayers of compounds of interest in molecular electronics. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:2454-5. [PMID: 11456907 DOI: 10.1021/ja005819r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F R Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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269
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270
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271
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Electron field emission properties of pulsed laser deposited carbon films containing carbon nanotubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1349204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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272
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Paulson S, Helser A, Nardelli MB, Taylor RM, Falvo M, Superfine R, Washburn S. Tunable resistance of a carbon nanotube-graphite interface. Science 2000; 290:1742-4. [PMID: 11099407 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5497.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of electrons from one material to another is usually described in terms of energy conservation, with no attention being paid to momentum conservation. Here we present results on the junction resistance between a carbon nanotube and a graphite substrate and show that details of momentum conservation also can change the contact resistance. By changing the angular alignment of the atomic lattices, we found that contact resistance varied by more than an order of magnitude in a controlled and reproducible fashion, indicating that momentum conservation, in addition to energy conservation, can dictate the junction resistance in graphene systems such as carbon nanotube junctions and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paulson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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273
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Jiang Y, Wu Y, Zhang S, Xu C, Yu W, Xie Y, Qian Y. A Catalytic-Assembly Solvothermal Route to Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes at a Moderate Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja002387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
| | - Cunyi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
| | - Weichao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
| | - Yitai Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Structure Research Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China, 230026
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274
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Vigolo B, Pénicaud A, Coulon C, Sauder C, Pailler R, Journet C, Bernier P, Poulin P. Macroscopic fibers and ribbons of oriented carbon nanotubes. Science 2000; 290:1331-4. [PMID: 11082056 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5495.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 691] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A simple method was used to assemble single-walled carbon nanotubes into indefinitely long ribbons and fibers. The processing consists of dispersing the nanotubes in surfactant solutions, recondensing the nanotubes in the flow of a polymer solution to form a nanotube mesh, and then collating this mesh to a nanotube fiber. Flow-induced alignment may lead to a preferential orientation of the nanotubes in the mesh that has the form of a ribbon. Unlike classical carbon fibers, the nanotube fibers can be strongly bent without breaking. Their obtained elastic modulus is 10 times higher than the modulus of high-quality bucky paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vigolo
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal/CNRS, Université Bordeaux I, Avenue Schweitzer, 33600 Pessac, France
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275
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Abstract
In vitro selection allows rare functional RNA or DNA molecules to be isolated from pools of over 10(15) different sequences. This approach has been used to identify RNA and DNA ligands for numerous small molecules, and recent three-dimensional structure solutions have revealed the basis for ligand recognition in several cases. By selecting high-affinity and -specificity nucleic acid ligands for proteins, promising new therapeutic and diagnostic reagents have been identified. Selection experiments have also been carried out to identify ribozymes that catalyze a variety of chemical transformations, including RNA cleavage, ligation, and synthesis, as well as alkylation and acyl-transfer reactions and N-glycosidic and peptide bond formation. The existence of such RNA enzymes supports the notion that ribozymes could have directed a primitive metabolism before the evolution of protein synthesis. New in vitro protein selection techniques should allow for a direct comparison of the frequency of ligand binding and catalytic structures in pools of random sequence polynucleotides versus polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Wilson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114-2696, USA.
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276
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Bachtold A, Fuhrer MS, Plyasunov S, Forero M, Anderson EH, Zettl A, McEuen PL. Scanned probe microscopy of electronic transport in carbon nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:6082-6085. [PMID: 10991129 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use electrostatic force microscopy and scanned gate microscopy to probe the conducting properties of carbon nanotubes at room temperature. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes are shown to be diffusive conductors, while metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes are ballistic conductors over micron lengths. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes are shown to have a series of large barriers to conduction along their length. These measurements are also used to probe the contact resistance and locate breaks in carbon nanotube circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bachtold
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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277
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Adams RD, Qu B. Effect of Metals on the Electronic Communication through a Molecular Wire Model. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om000269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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278
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Wold DJ, Frisbie CD. Formation of Metal−Molecule−Metal Tunnel Junctions: Microcontacts to Alkanethiol Monolayers with a Conducting AFM Tip. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja994468h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Wold
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132
| | - C. Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0132
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279
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280
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Catalytic formation of carbon nanotubes on Fe-loading molecular sieves materials: an XPS study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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281
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Point contact current–voltage measurements on individual organic semiconductor grains by conducting probe atomic force microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1116/1.591251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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282
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Dresselhaus MS, Dresselhaus G, Eklund PC, Rao AM. Carbon Nanotubes. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS WITH LOW-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-4038-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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283
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Abstract
Nanoscale electromechanical systems-nanotweezers-based on carbon nanotubes have been developed for manipulation and interrogation of nanostructures. Electrically conducting and mechanically robust carbon nanotubes were attached to independent electrodes fabricated on pulled glass micropipettes. Voltages applied to the electrodes closed and opened the free ends of the nanotubes, and this electromechanical response was simulated quantitatively using known nanotweezer structure and nanotube properties. The mechanical capabilities of the nanotweezers were demonstrated by grabbing and manipulating submicron clusters and nanowires. The conducting nanotube arms of the tweezers were also used for measuring the electrical properties of silicon carbide nanoclusters and gallium arsenide nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kim
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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284
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He N, Kuang Y, Dai Q, Miao Y, Zhang A, Wang X, Song K, Lu Z, Yuan C. Growth of carbon nanotubules on Fe-loading zeolites and investigation of catalytic active center. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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285
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Lu Q, Hu J, Tang K, Qian Y, Zhou G, Liu X, Xing J. A Low Temperature Nitridation Route for Nanocrystalline AlN. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ma R, Liang J, Wei B, Zhang B, Xu C, Wu D. Processing and Performance of Electric Double-Layer Capacitors with Block-Type Carbon Nanotube Electrodes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yaliraki SN, Roitberg AE, Gonzalez C, Mujica V, Ratner MA. The injecting energy at molecule/metal interfaces: Implications for conductance of molecular junctions from an ab initio molecular description. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
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Dai L. Advanced syntheses and microfabrications of conjugated polymers, C60-containing polymers and carbon nanotubes for optoelectronic applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199907)10:7<357::aid-pat886>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lu Q, Hu J, Tang K, Qian Y, Zhou G, Liu X. The Solvothermal Synthesis for Nanocrystalline FeIn2S4at Low Temperature. CHEM LETT 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1999.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hu J, Ouyang M, Yang P, Lieber CM. Controlled growth and electrical properties of heterojunctions of carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/19941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 627] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hu J, Odom TW, Lieber CM. Chemistry and Physics in One Dimension: Synthesis and Properties of Nanowires and Nanotubes. Acc Chem Res 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ar9700365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2977] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Teri Wang Odom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Charles M. Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Bachtold A, Strunk C, Salvetat JP, Bonard JM, Forró L, Nussbaumer T, Schönenberger C. Aharonov–Bohm oscillations in carbon nanotubes. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/17755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nanotubes: A Revolution in Materials Science and Electronics. FULLERENES AND RELATED STRUCTURES 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-68117-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
The conductance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was found to be quantized. The experimental method involved measuring the conductance of nanotubes by replacing the tip of a scanning probe microscope with a nanotube fiber, which could be lowered into a liquid metal to establish a gentle electrical contact with a nanotube at the tip of the fiber. The conductance of arc-produced MWNTs is one unit of the conductance quantum G0 = 2e2/h = (12.9 kilohms)-1. The nanotubes conduct current ballistically and do not dissipate heat. The nanotubes, which are typically 15 nanometers wide and 4 micrometers long, are several orders of magnitude greater in size and stability than other typical room-temperature quantum conductors. Extremely high stable current densities, J > 10(7) amperes per square centimeter, have been attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frank
- S. Frank, P. Poncharal, W. A. de Heer, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA. Z. L. Wang, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA
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TOUR JAMESM, REINERTH WILLIAMA, JONES LEROY, BURGIN TIMOTHYP, ZHOU CHONGWU, MULLER CJ, DESHPANDE MR, REED MARKA. Recent Advances in Molecular Scale Electronics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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WEISS PS, BUMM LA, DUNBAR TD, BURGIN TP, TOUR JM, ALLARA DL. Probing Electronic Properties of Conjugated and Saturated Molecules in Self-Assembled Monolayers. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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