251
|
Kirillova NE, Levitin EI, Voytsekhovskaya YA, Yudina TG, Zalunin IA, Chestukhina GG. Recombinant Cry9A is able to form crystals in sporulating cells of Bacillus thuringiensis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683810090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
252
|
Gobatto V, Giani SG, Camassola M, Dillon AJP, Specht A, Barros NM. Bacillus thuringiensis isolates entomopathogenic for Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2010; 70:1039-46. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842010000500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Samples of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were collected from soil and insects. Eight isolates were selected from rural soil, 15 from urban soil and 11 from insects. These were evaluated for entomopathogenicity against larvae of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Culex quinquefasciatus. The pathogenicity tests showed that a higher percentage of isolates were active against A. gemmatalis (60%) compared to C. quinquefasciatus (31%). Probit analysis (LC50) indicated that against A. gemmatalis four of the isolates presented values similar to the reference strain against A. gemmatalis, while against C. quinquefasciatus one isolate showed an LC50 similar to the reference strain (IPS-82). SDS-PAGE characterisation of two isolates showed a 27 kDa protein fraction related to the Bt subspecies israelensis cytolytic toxin (cyt) gene. One 130 kDa protein, possibly related to the Bt crystal inclusions (cry1) gene, was identified in the other two isolates, which were more toxic for lepidoptera; another isolate presented a protein of 100 kDa. Some new local Bt isolates had similar LC50 probit values to the reference strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - SG. Giani
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - A. Specht
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil; Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
253
|
Liu XY, Ruan LF, Hu ZF, Peng DH, Cao SY, Yu ZN, Liu Y, Zheng JS, Sun M. Genome-wide screening reveals the genetic determinants of an antibiotic insecticide in Bacillus thuringiensis. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:39191-200. [PMID: 20864531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.148387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thuringiensin is a thermostable secondary metabolite in Bacillus thuringiensis and has insecticidal activity against a wide range of insects. Until now, the regulatory mechanisms and genetic determinants involved in thuringiensin production have remained unclear. Here, we successfully used heterologous expression-guided screening in an Escherichia coli-Bacillus thuringiensis shuttle bacterial artificial chromosome library, to clone the intact thuringiensin synthesis (thu) cluster. Then the thu cluster was located on a 110-kb endogenous plasmid bearing insecticide crystal protein gene cry1Ba in strain CT-43. Furthermore, the plasmid, named pBMB0558, was indirectly cloned and sequenced. The gene functions on pBMB0558 were annotated by BLAST based on the GenBank(TM) and KEGG databases. The genes on pBMB0558 could be classified into three functional modules: a thuringiensin synthesis cluster, a type IV secretion system-like module, and mobile genetic elements. By HPLC coupling mass spectrometer, atmospheric pressure ionization with ion trap, and TOF technologies, biosynthetic intermediates of thuringiensin were detected. The thuE gene is proved to be responsible for the phosphorylation of thuringiensin at the last step by vivo and vitro activity assays. The thuringiensin biosynthesis pathway was deduced and clarified. We propose that thuringiensin is an adenine nucleoside oligosaccharide rather than an adenine nucleotide analog, as is traditionally believed, based on the predicted functions of the key enzymes, glycosyltransferase (ThuF) and exopolysaccharide polymerization protein (Thu1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
254
|
Guidi V, De Respinis S, Benagli C, Lüthy P, Tonolla M. A real-time PCR method to quantify spores carrying the Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes in soil. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1209-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
255
|
Ekobu M, Solera M, Kyamanywa S, Mwanga ROM, Odongo B, Ghislain M, Moar WJ. Toxicity of seven Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins against Cylas puncticollis and Cylas brunneus (Coleoptera: Brentidae) using a novel artificial diet. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 103:1493-1502. [PMID: 20857765 DOI: 10.1603/ec09432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
"Sweetpotato weevils" Cylas puncticollis (Boheman) and Cylas brunneus F. (Coleoptera: Brentidae) are the most important biological threat to sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam), productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Sweetpotato weevil control is difficult due to their cryptic feeding behavior. Expression of Cylas-active Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry proteins in sweetpotato could provide an effective control strategy. Unfortunately, Bt Cry proteins with relatively high toxicity against Cylas spp. have not been identified, partly because no published methodology for screening Bt Cry proteins against Cylas spp. in artificial diet exists. Therefore, the initial aim of this study was to develop an artificial diet for conducting bioassays with Cylas spp. and then to determine Bt Cry protein efficacy against C. puncticollis and C. brunneus by using this artificial diet. Five diets varying in their composition were evaluated. The highest survival rates for sweetpotato weevil larvae were observed for diet E that contained the highest amount of sweetpotato powder and supported weevil development from first instar to adulthood, similar to sweetpotato storage roots. Seven coleopteran-active Bt Cry proteins were incorporated into diet E and toxicity data were generated against neonate C. puncticollis and second-instar C. brunneus. All Bt Cry proteins tested had toxicity greater than the untreated control. Cry7Aa1, ET33/34, and Cry3Ca1 had LC50 values below 1 microg/g diet against both species. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an artificial diet bioassay for screening Bt Cry proteins against sweetpotato weevil larvae and identifies candidate Bt Cry proteins for use in transforming sweetpotato varieties potentially conferring field resistance against these pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moses Ekobu
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
256
|
Knaak N, Franz AR, Santos GF, Fiuza LM. Histopathology and the lethal effect of Cry proteins and strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith Caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2010; 70:677-84. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842010000300028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the phytophagous insects which attack crops, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is particularly harmful in the initial growth phase of rice plants. As a potential means of controlling this pest, and considering that the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner demonstrates toxicity due to synthesis of the Cry protein, the present study was undertaken to evaluate this toxic effect of B. thuringiensis thuringiensis 407 (pH 408) and B. thuringiensis kurstaki HD-73 on S. frugiperda. The following method was used. Both bacterial strains were evaluated in vitro in 1st instar S. frugiperda caterpillars, by means of histopathological assays. The Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins, codified by the respective strains of B. thuringiensis, were evaluated in vivo by bioassays of 1st instar S. frugiperda caterpillars in order to determine the Mean Lethal Concentration (LC50). The results of the histopathological analysis of the midget of S. frugiperda caterpillars demonstrate that treatment with the B. thuringiensis thuringiensis strain was more efficient, because the degradations of the microvilosities started 9 hours after treatment application (HAT), while in the B. thuringiensis kurstaki the same effect was noticed only after 12 HAT. Toxicity data of the Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins presented for the target-species LC50 levels of 9.29 and 1.79 μg.cm-2 respectively. The strains and proteins synthesised by B. thuringiensis thuringiensis and B. thuringiensis kurstaki are effective in controlling S. frugiperda, and may be used to produce new biopesticides or the genes may be utilised in the genetic transformation of Oryza sativa L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Knaak
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil
| | | | - GF. Santos
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil
| | - LM. Fiuza
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil; Instituto Riograndese do Arroz Irrigado, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
257
|
Detection of new cry genes of Bacillus thuringiensis by use of a novel PCR primer system. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:6150-5. [PMID: 20656876 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00797-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the known cry gene sequences of Bacillus thuringiensis, three sets of primers were designed from four conserved blocks found in the delta-endotoxin-coding region. The primer pairs designed amplify the regions between blocks 1 and 5, 2 and 5, and 1 and 4. In silico analyses indicated that 100% of the known three-domain cry gene sequences can be amplified by these sets of primers. To test their ability to amplify known and unknown cry gene sequences, 27 strains from the CINVESTAV (LBIT series) collection showing atypical crystal morphology were selected. Their DNA was used as the template with the new primer system, and after a systematic amplification and sequencing of the amplicons, each strain showed one or more cry-related sequences, totaling 54 different sequences harbored by the 27 strains. Seven sequences were selected on the basis of their low level of identity to the known cry sequences, and once cloning and sequencing of the complete open reading frames were done, three new cry-type genes (primary ranks) were identified and the toxins that they encode were designated Cry57Aa1, Cry58Aa1, and Cry59Aa1 by the B. thuringiensis Toxin Nomenclature Committee. The rest of the seven sequences were classified Cry8Ka2, Cry8-like, Cry20Ba1, and Cry1Ma1 by the committee. The crystal morphology of the selected strains and analysis of the new Cry protein sequences showed interesting peculiarities.
Collapse
|
258
|
Ventura-Suárez A, Cruz-Camarillo R, Rampersad J, Ammons DR, López-Villegas EO, Ibarra JE, Rojas-Avelizapa LI. Characterization of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis phenotype possessing multiple appendages attached to a parasporal body. Curr Microbiol 2010; 62:307-12. [PMID: 20640854 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium best known for its production of crystal-like bodies comprised of one or more Cry-proteins, which can be toxic to insects, nematodes or cancer cells. Although strains of B. thuringiensis have occasionally been observed with filamentous appendages attached to their spores, appendages in association with their parasporal bodies are extremely rare. Herein we report the characterization of Bt1-88, a bacterial strain isolated from the Caribbean that produces a spore-crystal complex containing six long appendages, each comprised of numerous thinner filaments approximately 10 nm in diameter and 2.5 μm in length. Each of the multi-filament appendages was attached to a single, small parasporal body located at one end of the bacterial spore. Biochemical tests, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and the identification of two Cry proteins by partial protein sequencing (putatively Cry1A and Cry2A), unambiguously identified Bt1-88 as a strain of B. thuringiensis. Bt1-88 represents the second reported strain of B. thuringiensis possessing a parasporal body/appendage phenotype characterized by one or more long appendages, comprised of numerous filaments in association with a parasporal body. This finding suggests that Bt1-88 is a member of a new phenotypic class of B. thuringiensis, in which the parasporal body may perform a novel structural role through its association with multi-filament appendages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ventura-Suárez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del I.P.N, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico DF, 11340, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
259
|
WALSCHUS UWE, WITT SABINE, WITTMANN CHRISTINE. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cry1Ab Protein fromBacillus thuringiensisand Their Application in an ELISA for Detection of Transgenic Bt-Maize. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0954010021000096382a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- UWE WALSCHUS
- a Fachhochschule Neubrandenburg Department of Technology , University of Applied Sciences , Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg , D-17033 , Germany
| | - SABINE WITT
- b Biometec GmbH , Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, Greifswald , D-17489 , Germany
| | - CHRISTINE WITTMANN
- a Fachhochschule Neubrandenburg Department of Technology , University of Applied Sciences , Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg , D-17033 , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
260
|
Kleter GA, Peijnenburg AACM, Aarts HJM. Health considerations regarding horizontal transfer of microbial transgenes present in genetically modified crops. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2005:326-52. [PMID: 16489267 PMCID: PMC1364539 DOI: 10.1155/jbb.2005.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of horizontal gene transfer on human health
are an important item in the safety assessment of genetically
modified organisms. Horizontal gene transfer from genetically
modified crops to gut microflora most likely occurs with
transgenes of microbial origin. The characteristics of microbial
transgenes other than antibiotic-resistance genes in
market-approved genetically modified crops are reviewed. These
characteristics include the microbial source, natural function,
function in genetically modified crops, natural prevalence,
geographical distribution, similarity to other microbial genes,
known horizontal transfer activity, selective conditions and
environments for horizontally transferred genes, and potential
contribution to pathogenicity and virulence in humans and animals.
The assessment of this set of data for each of the microbial genes
reviewed does not give rise to health concerns. We recommend
including the above-mentioned items into the premarket safety
assessment of genetically modified crops carrying transgenes other
than those reviewed in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gijs A Kleter
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
261
|
Thamwiriyasati N, Sakdee S, Chuankhayan P, Katzenmeier G, Chen CJ, Angsuthanasombat C. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of a full-length active form of the Cry4Ba toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2010; 66:721-4. [PMID: 20516610 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110015344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To obtain a complete structure of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba mosquito-larvicidal protein, a 65 kDa functional form of the Cry4Ba-R203Q mutant toxin was generated for crystallization by eliminating the tryptic cleavage site at Arg203. The 65 kDa trypsin-resistant fragment was purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. The crystals belonged to the rhombohedral space group R32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 184.62, c = 187.36 A. Diffraction data were collected to at least 2.07 A resolution using synchrotron radiation and gave a data set with an overall R(merge) of 9.1% and a completeness of 99.9%. Preliminary analysis indicated that the asymmetric unit contained one molecule of the active full-length mutant, with a V(M) coefficient and solvent content of 4.33 A(3) Da(-1) and 71%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niramon Thamwiriyasati
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biochemistry, Bacterial Protein Toxin Research Unit, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
262
|
Taveecharoenkool T, Angsuthanasombat C, Kanchanawarin C. Combined molecular dynamics and continuum solvent studies of the pre-pore Cry4Aa trimer suggest its stability in solution and how it may form pore. PMC BIOPHYSICS 2010; 3:10. [PMID: 20465833 PMCID: PMC3239330 DOI: 10.1186/1757-5036-3-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cry4Aa toxin is one of the highly specific mosquito-larvicidal proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis. It is thought to form pores in the larval midgut membrane that cause membrane leakage and subsequent insect death. Therefore, Cry4Aa and other Cry toxins have been used as efficient and safe bacterial insecticides to control the disease-carrying mosquitoes such as Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex. However, we still do not clearly understand how Cry toxins kill mosquito-larvae at molecular details. Recent electron crystallographic images of Cry4Ba toxin, another toxin closely related to Cry4Aa toxin, have suggested that the protein forms trimer in aqueous solution and in lipid monolayer. Moreover, the unit cell of X-ray crystal structure of Cry4Ba toxin has been shown to be trimeric. In this study, we constructed the first full-atom structural model of Cry4Aa trimer using the trimeric unit cell structure of Cry4Ba toxin as a template and then used the methods of molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular mechanics combined with Poisson-Boltzmann and surface area (MM-PBSA) to show that the trimeric structure of Cry4Aa toxin is stable in 150 mM KCl solution on 10 ns timescale. The results reveal that Cry4Aa toxins use polar amino acid residues on alpha-helices 3, 4, and 6 to form trimer and suggest that the proteins form trimer to reduce their non-polar interactions with surrounding water. Based on the obtained trimeric structure of Cry4Aa toxins, we propose that pore formation of Cry toxins may involve a 90 degrees -hairpin rotation during the insertion of their three alpha4-alpha5 hairpins into the membrane. This process may be mediated by water and ions.PACS Codes: 87.15.ap, 87.15.bk, 87.14.ep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taveechai Taveecharoenkool
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
263
|
Comparative study of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia and Cry1Aa delta-endotoxins: Activation process and toxicity against Prays oleae. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 104:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
264
|
Zhu J, Zheng A, Wang S, Liu H, Li P. Characterization and expression of cry4Cb1 and cry30Ga1 from Bacillus thuringiensis strain HS18-1. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 103:200-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
265
|
Zaidi MA, Ye G, Yao H, You TH, Loit E, Dean DH, Riazuddin S, Altosaar I. Transgenic rice plants expressing a modified cry1Ca1 gene are resistant to Spodoptera litura and Chilo suppressalis. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 43:232-42. [PMID: 19760523 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide sequence encoding the truncated insecticidal Cry1Ca1 protein from Bacillus thuringiensis was extensively modified based on the codon usage of rice genes. The overall G + C contents of the synthetic cry1Ca1 coding sequence were raised to 65% with an additional bias of enriching for G and C ending codons as preferred by monocots. The synthetic gene was introduced into the Chinese japonica variety, Xiushui 11, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic rice plants harboring this gene were highly resistant to Chilo suppressalis and Spodoptera litura larvae as revealed by insect bioassays. High levels of Cry1Ca1 protein were obtained in the leaves of transgenic rice, which were effective in achieving 100% mortality of S. litura and C. suppressalis larvae. The levels of Cry1Ca1 expression in the leaves of these transgenic plants were up to 0.34% of the total soluble proteins. The larvae of C. suppressalis and S. litura could consume a maximum of 1.89 and 4.89 mm2 of transgenic leaf area whereas the consumption of nontransgenic leaves by these larvae was significantly higher; 58.33 and 61.22 mm2, respectively. Analysis of R1 transgenic plants indicated that the cry1Ca1 was inherited by the progeny plants and provided complete protection against C. suppressalis and S. litura larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Abbas Zaidi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
266
|
Zheng A, Zhu J, Wang L, Li S, Deng Q, Wang S, Tan F, Yu X, Guan P, Liang H, Li P. Characterization and expression of a novel holotype insecticidal crystal protein gene from nativeBacillus thuringiensisBM59-2. Can J Microbiol 2010; 56:156-61. [DOI: 10.1139/w09-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We characterized a novel holotype cry gene (cry52Ba1) harbored in a Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BM59-2 native to China that expresses a spherical crystal protein of about 80 kDa. In this study, the full length of the cry52Ba1 gene was cloned from this strain. Sequence analysis of the gene was also performed. Furthermore, cry52Ba1 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE)pLysS, and the resulting insecticidal activity showed that the Cry52Ba1 protein exhibited high larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti (Diptera), with a lethal concentration 50 of 1.526 µg/mL (95% confidence: 0.740–3.499 µg/mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Furong Tan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Peng Guan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai 201106, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Southwest Crop Gene Resource and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
267
|
Zheng A, Zhu J, Tan F, Guan P, Yu X, Wang S, Deng Q, Li S, Liu H, Li P. Characterisation and expression of a novel haplotype cry2A-type gene from Bacillus thuringiensis strain JF19-2. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-009-0011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
268
|
Deka S, Barthakur S. Overview on current status of biotechnological interventions on yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) resistance in rice. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:70-81. [PMID: 19811767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), a monophagous pest of paddy is considered as most important pest of rain fed low land and flood prone rice eco-systems. Breeding of yellow stem borer resistance in rice is difficult owing to the complex genetics of the trait, inherent difficulties in screening and poor understanding of the genetics of resistance. On the other hand, a good level of resistance against the widespread yellow stem borer has been rare in the rice germplasm. Resistance to insects has been demonstrated in transgenic plants expressing genes for delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), protease inhibitors, enzymes and plant lectins. The performance of insect resistant GM rice in trials in China has been quite impressive. The present review is an attempt to assess the current state of development in biotechnological intervention for yellow stem borer resistance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sikha Deka
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
269
|
PARIS MARGOT, BOYER SÉBASTIEN, BONIN AURÉLIE, COLLADO AMANDINE, DAVID JEANPHILIPPE, DESPRES LAURENCE. Genome scan in the mosquito Aedes rusticus: population structure and detection of positive selection after insecticide treatment. Mol Ecol 2009; 19:325-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
270
|
Boulygina ES, Ignatov AN, Tsygankova SV, Korotkov EV, Kuznetsov BB. Interspecies relations between Bacillus thuringiensis strains studied by AP-PCR and sequence analysis of ribosomal operon regions. Microbiology (Reading) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626170906006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
271
|
Andreev IM, Bulushova NV, Zalunin IA, Chestukhina GG. Effect of entomocidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis on ion permeability of apical membranes of Tenebrio molitor larvae gut epithelium. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 74:1096-103. [PMID: 19916922 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Effects of entomocidal Cry-type proteins, delta-endotoxins Cry3A and Cry11A produced by Bacillus thuringiensis, on ion permeability of the apical membranes of intestinal epithelium from Tenebrio molitor larvae midgut were studied. Using potential-sensitive dyes safranine O and oxonol VI and DeltapH indicator acridine orange, it was shown that placing brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) (loaded with Mg2+ during their preparation) into a salt-free buffer medium resulted in spontaneous generation of transmembrane electric potential on the vesicular membrane (negative inside the vesicles) accompanied by acidification of the aqueous phase inside the vesicles. The generation of transmembrane ion gradients on the vesicular membrane was a result of an electrogenic efflux of Mg2+ from the vesicles as shown by abolishing of the membrane potential by such agents as MgSO4 or CaCl2 in centimolar concentrations, a highly lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium, and some blockers of cell membrane Ca2+-channels in submillimolar concentrations. A passive generation of membrane potential on the vesicular membrane (but positive inside the vesicles) was also observed upon addition of centimolar concentrations of K2SO4. Addition of delta-endotoxins Cry3A and Cry11A to the vesicle suspension in a salt-free buffer medium or in the same medium supplemented with centimolar concentrations of K2SO4 exerted a pronounced hyperpolarization of the vesicular membrane. This hyperpolarization was sensitive to the same agents, which abolished the membrane potential generation in the absence of delta-endotoxin. It is concluded that Cry proteins induced in BBMV from T. molitor opening pores or ion channels, which were considerably more permeable for alkaline- and alkaline-earth metal cations than for the accompanying anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I M Andreev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
272
|
Ji F, Zhu Y, Ju S, Zhang R, Yu Z, Sun M. Promoters of crystal protein genes do not control crystal formation inside exosporium ofBacillus thuringiensisssp.finitimusstrain YBT-020. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 300:11-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
273
|
Coleopteran-specific and putative novel cry genes in Iranian native Bacillus thuringiensis collection. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 102:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
274
|
Ammons DR, Reyna A, Granados JC, Samlal MS, Rampersad JN. An investigation of bacillus thuringiensis in rectal-collected fecal samples of cows. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:532-6. [PMID: 19688377 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand the range and role of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its toxins in nature, we have undertaken a study of Bt taken directly from the rectum of 117 cows from 37 farms on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Thirty-seven fecal samples (32%) were found to contain at least one Bt. Generally only one or two isolates with a particular crystal morphology were isolated from any one sample, however, a few samples contained more, up to 11 isolates, suggesting post-ingestion amplification. Bioassays using larvae of Musca domestica, Caenorhabditis elegans and Tetrahymena pyriformis showed no observable toxicity in gross bioassays. Very small dot-like parasporal bodies, not generally characteristic of Bt, were isolated from 44% of the samples, which in many instances appeared unstable and whose relation to Bt Cry protein-containing parasporal bodies is unknown. In conclusion, we find little evidence for a host adapted strain of Bt in the cows examined, nor toxicity to organisms that might logically be associated with either the cow or its feces. The presence of a large number of isolates containing small dot-like parasporal bodies, possibly either poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate storage bodies or Cry proteins, was unexpected and merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Ammons
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
275
|
The Expression of a Recombinant cry1Ac Gene with Subtilisin-Like Protease CDEP2 Gene in Acrystalliferous Bacillus thuringiensis by Red/ET Homologous Recombination. Curr Microbiol 2009; 59:386-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
276
|
Ideo H, Fukushima K, Gengyo-Ando K, Mitani S, Dejima K, Nomura K, Yamashita K. A Caenorhabditis elegans glycolipid-binding galectin functions in host defense against bacterial infection. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:26493-501. [PMID: 19635802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.038257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins that are widely found among animal species and that regulate diverse biological phenomena. To study the biological function of glycolipid-binding galectins, we purified recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans galectins (LEC-1-11) and studied their binding to C. elegans glycolipids. We found that LEC-8 binds to glycolipids in C. elegans through carbohydrate recognition. It has been reported that Cry5B-producing Bacillus thuringiensis strains can infect C. elegans and that the C. elegans Cry5B receptor molecules are glycolipids. We found that Cry5B and LEC-8 bound to C. elegans glycolipid-coated plates in a dose-dependent manner and that Cry5B binding to glycolipids was inhibited by the addition of LEC-8. LEC-8 is usually expressed strongly in the pharyngeal-intestinal valve and intestinal-rectal valve and is expressed weakly in intestine. However, when C. elegans were fed Escherichia coli expressing Cry5B, intestinal LEC-8::EGFP protein levels increased markedly. In contrast, LEC-8::EGFP expression triggered by Cry5B was reduced in toxin-resistant C. elegans mutants, which had mutations in genes involved in biosynthesis of glycolipids. Moreover, the LEC-8-deficient mutant was more susceptible to Cry5B than wild-type worms. These results suggest that the glycolipid-binding lectin LEC-8 contributes to host defense against bacterial infection by competitive binding to target glycolipid molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ideo
- Innovative Research Initiatives, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
277
|
Puntheeranurak T, Uawithya P, Potvin L, Angsuthanasombat C, Schwartz JL. Ion channels formed in planar lipid bilayers by the dipteran-specific Cry4BBacillus thuringiensistoxin and its α1–α5 fragment. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 21:67-74. [PMID: 14668140 DOI: 10.1080/09687680310001625792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin activation of Cry4B, a 130-kDa Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein, produces a 65-kDa toxin active against mosquito larvae. The active toxin is made of two protease resistant-products of ca. 45 kDa and ca. 20 kDa. The cloned 21-kDa fragment consisting of the N-terminal region of the toxin was previously shown to be capable of permeabilizing liposomes. The present study was designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Cry4B, like several other Bt toxins, is a channel-forming toxin in plannar lipid bilayers; and (2) the 21-kDa N-terminal region, which maps for the first five helices (alpha1-alpha5) of domain 1 in other Cry toxins, and which putatively shares a similar tri-dimensional structure, is sufficient to account for the ion channel activity of the whole toxin. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy and planar lipid bilayers, we showed that the 21-kDa polypeptide existed as an alpha-helical structure and that both Cry4B and its alpha1-alpha5 fragment formed ion channels of 248 +/- 44 pS and 207 +/- 23 pS, respectively. The channels were cation-selective with a potassium-to-chloride permeability ratio of 6.7 for Cry4B and 4.5 for its fragment. However, contrary to the full-length toxin, the alpha1-alpha5 region formed channels at low dose; they tended to remain locked in their open state and displayed flickering activity bouts. Thus, like the full-length toxin, the alpha1-alpha5 region is a functional channel former. A pH-dependent, yet undefined region of the toxin may be involved in regulating the channel properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theeraporn Puntheeranurak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
278
|
Synergistic Interactions Between Cry1Ac and Natural Cotton Defenses Limit Survival of Cry1Ac-resistant Helicoverpa Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt Cotton. J Chem Ecol 2009; 35:785-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-009-9665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
279
|
Hernández-Martínez P, Ferré J, Escriche B. Broad-spectrum cross-resistance in Spodoptera exigua from selection with a marginally toxic Cry protein. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2009; 65:645-650. [PMID: 19253909 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) has developed resistance to a wide range of chemical insecticides. Products based on Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins are used in integrated pest management as an ecologically friendly alternative for pest control. Since there are few B. thuringiensis Cry proteins highly active against S. exigua, it is desirable to apply appropriate resistance management strategies to prevent the evolution of resistance to these proteins. RESULTS Spodoptera exigua larvae were selected with Cry1Ab, a protein with low activity against this pest. Selected larvae developed > 30-fold resistance to Cry1Ab in 13 generations, relative to an unselected strain. The estimated realised heritability (h(2)) for the first five generations of selection was 0.15. Cross-resistance was also observed to the more active proteins Cry1Ca, Cry1Da and Cry1Fa (>20, 26 and > 8 respectively). The activity of midgut proteases to degrade the ingested toxin was tested, although no differences in activity were found between selected and unselected larvae. CONCLUSION Spodoptera exigua is able to evolve cross-resistance to highly active Cry proteins when exposed to a protein with marginal toxicity to this species. It is important to take this into account in areas where S. exigua is a secondary pest and B. thuringiensis Cry1A toxins are used to control other pests.
Collapse
|
280
|
Heterologous Expression of Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein-Encoding Gene vip3LB in Photorhabdus temperata Strain K122 and Oral Toxicity against the Lepidoptera Ephestia kuehniella and Spodoptera littoralis. Mol Biotechnol 2009; 43:97-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-009-9179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
281
|
Roh JY, Nair MS, Liu XS, Dean DH. Mutagenic analysis of putative domain II and surface residues in mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis Cry19Aa toxin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 295:156-63. [PMID: 19456870 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquitocidal crystal protein, Cry19Aa, from Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. jegathesan, has high toxicity to Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens but is less toxic to Aedes aegypti. To study the functional role of putative domain II and surface residues in mosquito toxicity, 16 alanine substitution mutations were introduced into Cry19Aa. All mutant constructs were expressed as 65-kDa protoxins and subsequently digested by trypsin to produce further fragmented polypeptides of 40 and 25 kDa. With chymotrypsin, however, most protoxins were digested to 60 kDa and minor bands. The circular dichroism spectra of the chymotrypsin-activated toxins of Cry19Aa and muteins, Y324A, W357A, Y412A, Y414A, W416A, D418A and F485A indicated that there was no significant variation in their structure. In mosquito bioassays, Y324A, W357A, Y410A, W416A, D418A and F485A muteins showed substantial reductions in mosquitocidal activity toward A. aegypti and C. pipiens. These muteins also showed reduced competition with wild-type fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate-labeled Cry19Aa for binding to C. pipiens brush border membrane vesicles. These data suggest that the reduction of toxicity was a result of the reduced binding affinity. From these studies we have identified loop residues of domain II that are important in toxicity and receptor binding to Culex larval midgut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yul Roh
- Department of Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
282
|
Wu J, Zhao F, Bai J, Deng G, Qin S, Bao Q. Evidence for positive Darwinian selection of Vip gene in Bacillus thuringiensis. J Genet Genomics 2009; 34:649-60. [PMID: 17643951 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs), produced during the vegetative stage of their growth in Bacillus thuringiensis, are a group of insecticidal proteins and represent the second generation of insecticidal trans-genes that will complement the novel delta-endotoxins in future. Fewer structural and functional relationships of Vip proteins are known in comparison with those of delta-endotoxins. In this study, both the maximum-likelihood methods and the maximum parsimony based sliding window analysis were used to evaluate the molecular evolution of Vip proteins. As a result, strong evidence was found that Vip proteins are subject to the high rates of positive selection, and 16 sites are identified to be under positive selection using the Bayes Empirical Bayesian method. Interestingly, all these positively selected sites are located from site-705 to site-809 in the C-terminus of the Vip proteins. Most of these sites are exposed and clustered in the loop regions when mapped onto its computational predicted secondary tertiary and a part of the tertiary structure. It has been postulated that the high divergence in the C-terminal of Vip proteins may not result from the lack of functional constraints, but rather from the rapid mutation to adapt their targeted insects, driven by positive selection. The potential positive selection pressures may be an attempt to adapt for the "arm race" between Vip proteins and the targeted insects, or to enlarge their target's host range. Sites identified to be under positive selection may be related to the insect host range, which may shed a light on the investigation of the Vip proteins' structural and functional relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics / Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
283
|
Frankenhuyzen KV. Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 101:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
284
|
Dammak M, Tounsi S, Hamadou DB, Abdelkafi L, Schultz P, Jaoua S. Restoration of the crystallization of altered δ-endotoxins Cry1Ac, by the promotion of theirin vivointegration into theBacillus thuringiensisnative crystals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 292:268-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
285
|
Zhu J, Tan F, Tang J, Li Y, Zheng A, Li P. Characterization of insecticidal crystal proteincry gene ofBacillus thuringiensis from soil of Sichuan Basin, China and cloning of novel haplotypescry gene. ANN MICROBIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
286
|
Cantacessi C, Campbell BE, Visser A, Geldhof P, Nolan MJ, Nisbet AJ, Matthews JB, Loukas A, Hofmann A, Otranto D, Sternberg PW, Gasser RB. A portrait of the "SCP/TAPS" proteins of eukaryotes--developing a framework for fundamental research and biotechnological outcomes. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:376-88. [PMID: 19239923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of proteins belonging to the SCP/TAPS "family" has been described for various eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals (vertebrates and invertebrates, such as helminths). Although SCP/TAPS proteins have been proposed to play key roles in a number of fundamental biological processes, such as host-pathogen interactions and defence mechanisms, there is a paucity of information on their genetic relationships, structures and functions, and there is no standardised nomenclature for these proteins. A detailed analysis of the relationships of members of the SCP/TAPS family of proteins, based on key protein signatures, could provide a foundation for investigating these areas. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge of key SCP/TAPS proteins of eukaryotes, with an emphasis on those from parasitic helminths, and undertake a comprehensive, systematic phylogenetic analysis of currently available full-length protein sequence data (considering characteristic protein signatures or motifs) to infer relationships and provide a framework (based on statistical support) for the naming of these proteins. This framework is intended to guide genomic and molecular biological explorations of key SCP/TAPS molecules associated with infectious diseases of plants and animals. In particular, fundamental investigations of these molecules in parasites and the integration of structural and functional data could lead to new and innovative approaches for the control of parasitic diseases, with important biotechnological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
287
|
Akiba T, Abe Y, Kitada S, Kusaka Y, Ito A, Ichimatsu T, Katayama H, Akao T, Higuchi K, Mizuki E, Ohba M, Kanai R, Harata K. Crystal Structure of the Parasporin-2 Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin That Recognizes Cancer Cells. J Mol Biol 2009; 386:121-33. [PMID: 19094993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Akiba
- Biological Information Research Center, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
288
|
Guo S, Liu M, Peng D, Ji S, Wang P, Yu Z, Sun M. New strategy for isolating novel nematicidal crystal protein genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain YBT-1518. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:6997-7001. [PMID: 18820056 PMCID: PMC2583473 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01346-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a strategy for isolating cry genes from Bacillus thuringiensis. The key steps are the construction of a DNA library in an acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis host strain and screening for the formation of crystal through optical microscopy observation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analyses. By this method, three cry genes--cry55Aa1, cry6Aa2, and cry5Ba2--were cloned from rice-shaped crystals, producing B. thuringiensis YBT-1518, which consists of 54- and 45-kDa crystal proteins. cry55Aa1 encoded a 45-kDa protein, cry6Aa2 encoded a 54-kDa protein, and cry5Ba2 remained cryptic in strain YBT-1518, as shown by SDS-PAGE or microscopic observation. Proteins encoded by these three genes are all toxic to the root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. The two genes cry55Aa1 and cry6Aa2 were found to be located on a plasmid with a rather small size of 17.7 kb, designated pBMB0228.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
289
|
Xia L, Long X, Ding X, Zhang Y. Increase in Insecticidal Toxicity by Fusion of the cry1Ac Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis with the Neurotoxin Gene hwtx-I. Curr Microbiol 2008; 58:52-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
290
|
Zhu C, Yu Z. The surface layer protein of Bacillus thuringiensis CTC forms unique intracellular parasporal inclusion body. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 48:302-7. [PMID: 18720489 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus strain CTC forms round parasporal inclusion body. The inclusion body protein gene ctc has been cloned and characterized. Sequence homology analysis reveals that the amino acid sequence of CTC protein shows 87% identity with the surface layer (S-layer) protein Sap (GenBank Z36946) in B. anthracis. In this report, transmission electron microscope observation showed that CTC formed intracellular parasporal inclusion body and sheet structure of S-layer-like protein at the spore phase. Furthermore, the ctc gene was transformed into an acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain BMB171. The resulting transformant could form parasporal body which had the same shape and molecular weight of protein with that of B. thuringiensis CTC. These results, together with the sequence homology analysis of ctc gene, confirmed that the unique intracellular parasporal inclusion body of B. thuringiensis was comprised of S-layer protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
291
|
Tilquin M, Paris M, Reynaud S, Despres L, Ravanel P, Geremia RA, Gury J. Long lasting persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. israelensis (Bti) in mosquito natural habitats. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3432. [PMID: 18941501 PMCID: PMC2563433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detrimental effects of chemical insecticides on the environment and human health have lead to the call for biological alternatives. Today, one of the most promising solutions is the use of spray formulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) in insect control programs. As a result, the amounts of Bti spread in the environment are expected to increase worldwide, whilst the common belief that commercial Bti is easily cleared from the ecosystem has not yet been clearly established. Methodology/Main Findings In this study, we aimed to determine the nature and origin of the high toxicity toward mosquito larvae found in decaying leaf litter collected in several natural mosquito breeding sites in the Rhône-Alpes region. From the toxic fraction of the leaf litter, we isolated B. cereus-like bacteria that were further characterized as B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis using PCR amplification of specific toxin genes. Immunological analysis of these Bti strains showed that they belong to the H14 group. We finally used amplified length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to show that the strains isolated from the leaf litter were closely related to those present in the commercial insecticide used for field application, and differed from natural worldwide genotypes. Conclusions/Significance Our results raise the issue of the persistence, potential proliferation and environmental accumulation of human-spread Bti in natural mosquito habitats. Such Bti environmental persistence may lengthen the exposure time of insects to this bio-insecticide, thereby increasing the risk of resistance acquisition in target insects, and of a negative impact on non-target insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Tilquin
- Floralis-UJF Filiale, Gières, France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Margot Paris
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Despres
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Ravanel
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto A. Geremia
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jérôme Gury
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), CNRS UMR 5553, Universite' Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
292
|
Abstract
Over the years it has been important for humans to control the populations of harmful insects and insecticides have been used for this purpose in agricultural and horticultural sectors. Synthetic insecticides, owing to their various side effects, have been widely replaced by biological insecticides. In this review we attempt to describe three bacterial species that are known to produce insecticidal toxins of tremendous biotechnological, agricultural, and economic importance. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) accounts for 90% of the bioinsecticide market and it produces insecticidal toxins referred to as delta endotoxins. The other two bacteria belong to the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, which are symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae respectively. Whereas, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus exist in a mutualistic association with the entomopathogenic nematodes, BT act alone. BT formulations are widely used in the field against insects; however, over the years there has been a gradual development of insect resistance against BT toxins. No resistance against Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus has been reported to date. More recently BT transgenic crops have been prepared; however, there are growing concerns about the safety of these genetically modified crops. Nematodal formulations are also used in the field to curb harmful insect populations. Resistance development to entomopathogenic nematodes is unlikely due to the physical macroscopic nature of infection. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus transgenes have not yet been prepared; but are predicted to be available in the near future. In this review we start with an overview of the synthetic insecticides and then discuss Bacillus thuringiensis, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, and Photorhabdus luminescens in greater detail.
Collapse
|
293
|
Solubilization, activation, and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar thompsoni HD542 crystal proteins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7145-51. [PMID: 18836017 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00752-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cry15Aa protein, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis serovar thompsoni HD542 in a crystal together with a 40-kDa accompanying protein, is one of a small group of nontypical, less well-studied members of the Cry family of insecticidal proteins and may provide an alternative for the more commonly used Cry proteins in insect pest management. In this paper, we describe the characterization of the Cry15Aa and 40-kDa protein's biochemical and insecticidal properties and the mode of action. Both proteins were solubilized above pH 10 in vitro. Incubation of solubilized crystal proteins with trypsin or insect midgut extracts rapidly processed the 40-kDa protein to fragments too small to be detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the Cry15 protein yielded a stable product of approximately 30 kDa. Protein N-terminal sequencing showed that Cry15 processing occurs exclusively at the C-terminal end. Cry15 protein showed in vitro hemolytic activity, which was greatly enhanced by preincubation with trypsin or insect gut extract. Larvae of the lepidopteran insects Manduca sexta, Cydia pomonella, and Pieris rapae were susceptible to crystals, and presolubilization of the crystals enhanced activity to P. rapae. Activity for all three species was enhanced by preincubation with trypsin. Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua were relatively insensitive to crystals, and activity against these insects was not enhanced by prior solubilization or trypsin treatment. The 40-kDa crystal protein showed no activity in the insects tested, nor did its addition or coexpression in Escherichia coli increase the activity of Cry15 in insecticidal and hemolytic assays.
Collapse
|
294
|
Bravo A, Soberón M. How to cope with insect resistance to Bt toxins? Trends Biotechnol 2008; 26:573-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
295
|
Salehi Jouzani G, Seifinejad A, Saeedizadeh A, Nazarian A, Yousefloo M, Soheilivand S, Mousivand M, Jahangiri R, Yazdani M, Amiri RM, Akbari S. Molecular detection of nematicidal crystalliferousBacillus thuringiensisstrains of Iran and evaluation of their toxicity on free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:812-22. [DOI: 10.1139/w08-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of nematode-effective strains and cry genes in the Iranian Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) collection (70 isolates) is presented. Characterization was based on PCR analysis using 12 specific primers for cry5, cry6, cry12, cry13, cry14, and cry21 genes encoding proteins active against nematodes, crystal morphology, and protein band patterns as well as their nematicidal activity on root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita ) and two free-living nematodes ( Chiloplacus tenuis and Acrobeloides enoplus ). PCR results with primers for these genes showed that 22 isolates (31.5%) contain a minimum of one nematode-active cry gene. Strains containing the cry6 gene were the most abundant and represent 22.8% of the isolates. Bt strains harboring cry14 genes were also abundant (14.2%). cry21 and cry5 genes were less abundant, found in 4.2% and 2.8% of the strains, respectively. In total, six different nematode-active cry gene profiles were detected in this collection. Four isolates did not show the expected PCR product size for cry5, cry6, and cry21 genes; they might contain potentially novel insecticidal crystal protein genes. Twenty-two Bt isolates containing nematode-active cry genes were selected for preliminary bioassays on M. incognita. Based on these bioassays, four isolates were selected for detailed bioassays. Isolates YD5 and KON4 at 2 × 108 CFU/mL concentrations showed 77% and 81% toxicity on M. incognita, respectively. The free-living nematodes C. tenuis and A. enoplus were more susceptible and the highest mortality was observed within 48 h of incubation at all of the concentrations tested. Maximum mortality was recorded for isolates SN1 and KON4 at 2 × 108 CFU/mL concentrations and resulted in 68% and 77% adults deaths of C. tenuis and 68% and 72% for A. enoplus, respectively. Our results showed that PCR is a useful technique for toxicity prediction of nematicidal Bt isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Seifinejad
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Saeedizadeh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amin Nazarian
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Yousefloo
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Soheilivand
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Mousivand
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Rosa Jahangiri
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yazdani
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Maali Amiri
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sepideh Akbari
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology and Biosafety, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Mahdasht Road, P.O. Box 21525-1897, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences and Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agronomy and Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
296
|
Bacillus thuringiensis improved isolation methodology from soil samples. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:357-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
297
|
Frutos R, Rang C, Royer M. Managing Insect Resistance to Plants ProducingBacillus thuringiensisToxins. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/0738-859991229251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
298
|
Bukhari DAA, Shakoori AR. Cloning and expression of Bacillus thuringiensis cry11 crystal protein gene in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1661-70. [PMID: 18821029 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 09/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The six most toxic Pakistani isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (SBS Bt-23, 29, 34, 37, 45 and 47), which were previously characterized for their toxicity against larvae of mosquito, Anopheles stephensi, and the presence of cry4 gene, were used for cry11 (cry4D) gene amplification. A 1.9-kb DNA fragment of cry11 gene was PCR-amplified, cloned in expression vector pT7-7, and then used for transformation of E. coli BL21C. The optimum expression was obtained with 1 mM IPTG at 37 degrees C for 3 h. This gene showed different percentage homologies at protein level with scattered mutations in the toxic region. Biotoxicity assay of recombinant protein showed that Cry11 of SBS Bt 45 (DAB Bt 5) was the most toxic protein against third instar larvae of mosquito, A. stephensi, and has potentiality of a bioinsecticide against mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dil Ara Abbas Bukhari
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
299
|
Cry2A toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis expressed in insect cells are toxic to two lepidopteran insects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
300
|
Sezen K, Kati H, Nalcacioĝlu R, Muratoĝlu H, Demirbaĝ Z. Identification and pathogenicity of bacteria from European shot-hole borer,Xyleborus dispar Fabricius (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). ANN MICROBIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03175313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|