3201
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Cinatl J, Morgenstern B, Bauer G, Chandra P, Rabenau H, Doerr HW. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet 2003; 361:2045-6. [PMID: 12814717 PMCID: PMC7112442 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS warrants the search for antiviral compounds to treat the disease. At present, no specific treatment has been identified for SARS-associated coronavirus infection. We assessed the antiviral potential of ribavirin, 6-azauridine, pyrazofurin, mycophenolic acid, and glycyrrhizin against two clinical isolates of coronavirus (FFM-1 and FFM-2) from patients with SARS admitted to the clinical centre of Frankfurt University, Germany. Of all the compounds, glycyrrhizin was the most active in inhibiting replication of the SARS-associated virus. Our findings suggest that glycyrrhizin should be assessed for treatment of SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Frankfurt University Medical School, Paul-Ehrlich Str 40, D-60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
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3202
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Anand K, Ziebuhr J, Wadhwani P, Mesters JR, Hilgenfeld R. Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) structure: basis for design of anti-SARS drugs. Science 2003; 300:1763-7. [PMID: 12746549 DOI: 10.1126/science.1085658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1262] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The viral main proteinase (Mpro, also called 3CLpro), which controls the activities of the coronavirus replication complex, is an attractive target for therapy. We determined crystal structures for human coronavirus (strain 229E) Mpro and for an inhibitor complex of porcine coronavirus [transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)] Mpro, and we constructed a homology model for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Mpro. The structures reveal a remarkable degree of conservation of the substrate-binding sites, which is further supported by recombinant SARS-CoV Mpro-mediated cleavage of a TGEV Mpro substrate. Molecular modeling suggests that available rhinovirus 3Cpro inhibitors may be modified to make them useful for treating SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lübeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany
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3203
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn V Holmes
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Microbiology, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.
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3204
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Poon LLM, Wong OK, Chan KH, Luk W, Yuen KY, Peiris JSM, Guan Y. Rapid diagnosis of a coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Clin Chem 2003; 49:953-5. [PMID: 12765993 PMCID: PMC7108127 DOI: 10.1373/49.6.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo L M Poon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
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3205
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Nie QH, Luo XD, Hui WL. Advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1139-43. [PMID: 12800213 PMCID: PMC4611773 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2003] [Revised: 06/02/2003] [Accepted: 06/04/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proved that severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by SARS-associated coronavirus, a novel coronavirus. SARS originated in Guangdong Province, the People's Republic of China at the end of 2002. At present, it has spread to more than 33 countries or regions all over the world and affected 8 360 people and killed 764 by May 31,2003. Identification of the SARS causative agent and development of a diagnostic test are important. Detecting disease in its early stage, understanding its pathways of transmission and implementing specific prevention measures for the disease are dependent upon swift progress. Due to the efforts of the WHO-led network of laboratories testing for SARS, tests for the novel coronavirus have been developed with unprecedented speed. The genome sequence reveals that this coronavirus is only moderately related to other known coronaviruses. WHO established the definitions of suspected and confirmed and probable cases. But the laboratory tests and definitions are limited. Until now, the primary measures included isolation, ribavirin and corticosteroid therapy, mechanical ventilation, etc. Other therapies such as convalescent plasma are being explored. It is necessary to find more effective therapy. There still are many problems to be solved in the course of conquering SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-He Nie
- The Chinese PLA Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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3206
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Zhang JZ. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and its lesions in digestive system. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1135-8. [PMID: 12800212 PMCID: PMC4611772 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2003] [Revised: 05/24/2003] [Accepted: 05/27/2003] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious atypical pneumonia that has recently been recognized in the patients in 32 countries and regions. This brief review summarizes some of the initial etiologic findings, pathological description, and its lesions of digestive system caused by SARS virus. It is an attempt to draw gastroenterologists and hepatologists' attention to this fatal illness, especially when it manifests itself initially as digestive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 306 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100101, China.
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3207
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Lapinsky SE, Hawryluck L. ICU management of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29:870-875. [PMID: 12739014 PMCID: PMC7079903 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-003-1821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2003] [Accepted: 04/25/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a contagious viral illness first recognized in late 2002. It has now been documented in 26 countries worldwide, with significant outbreaks in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Toronto. Research into identifying the etiological agent, evaluating modes of disease transmission, and treatment options is currently ongoing. DISCUSSION The disease can produce a severe bilateral pneumonia, with progressive hypoxemia. Up to 20% of patients require mechanical ventilatory support, with a fatal outcome occurring in about 5% of cases. CONCLUSIONS We review the current knowledge about this disease, with particular emphasis on ICU management and infection control precautions to prevent disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Lapinsky
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, 600 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X5, Canada.
| | - Laura Hawryluck
- University Health Network, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, 500 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X7, Canada
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3208
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Cooke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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3209
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3210
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Twu SJ, Chen TJ, Chen CJ, Olsen SJ, Lee LT, Fisk T, Hsu KH, Chang SC, Chen KT, Chiang IH, Wu YC, Wu JS, Dowell SF. Control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:718-20. [PMID: 12781013 PMCID: PMC3000163 DOI: 10.3201/eid0906.030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As of April 14, 2003, Taiwan had had 23 probable cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 19 of which were imported. Taiwan isolated all 23 patients in negative-pressure rooms; extensive personal protective equipment was used for healthcare workers and visitors. For the first 6 weeks of the SARS outbreak, recognized spread was limited to one healthcare worker and three household contacts.
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3211
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Blanquer Olivas J. [On severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): epidemics in the context of globalization]. Arch Bronconeumol 2003; 39:243-5. [PMID: 12797937 PMCID: PMC7131193 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(03)75373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3212
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Guery B, Alfandari S, Leroy O, Georges H, D'escrivan T, Kipnis E, Mouton Y, Yazdanpanah Y. [Severe acute respiratory syndrome]. Med Mal Infect 2003; 33:281-286. [PMID: 38620131 PMCID: PMC7130911 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(03)00200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the Fall of 2002 a report from Guangdong Province in China showed the occurrence of an outbreak of atypical pneumonia. This outbreak rapidly progressed from China to Hong Kong, Singapore, Toronto, and the USA, to more than 25 countries worldwide and almost 3500 cases to date in april 2003. The clinical features associate a fever with mild respiratory symptoms which can progress to a typical acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring intensive care unit admission. Enteric forms with diarrhea were recently described in Hong Kong. The medical community responded very rapidly and united in front of this major health crisis. In a couple weeks, the agent, a new Coronavirus was isolated, therapeutic guidelines were proposed and measures to limit the outbreak diffusion were started worldwide. We summarize here the history of the outbreak, the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of SARS. April 2003 therapeutic guidelines are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guery
- Réanimation médicale et maladies infectieuses, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - S Alfandari
- Réanimation médicale et maladies infectieuses, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - O Leroy
- Réanimation médicale et maladies infectieuses, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - H Georges
- Réanimation médicale et maladies infectieuses, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - T D'escrivan
- Réanimation médicale et maladies infectieuses, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - E Kipnis
- Réanimation médicale et maladies infectieuses, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - Y Mouton
- Service régional de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
| | - Y Yazdanpanah
- Service régional de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CH de Tourcoing, 135, rue Président-Coty, 59208 Tourcoing, France
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3213
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3214
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Farquharson C, Baguley K. Responding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak: lessons learned in a Toronto emergency department. J Emerg Nurs 2003; 29:222-8. [PMID: 12776077 PMCID: PMC7119307 DOI: 10.1067/men.2003.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Farquharson
- Emergency Department, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
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3215
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3216
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Ruan Y, Wei CL, Ling AE, Vega VB, Thoreau H, Se Thoe SY, Chia JM, Ng P, Chiu KP, Lim L, Zhang T, Chan KP, Lin Ean LO, Ng ML, Leo SY, Ng LFP, Ren EC, Stanton LW, Long PM, Liu ET. Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection. Lancet 2003; 361:1779-85. [PMID: 12781537 PMCID: PMC7140172 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines. METHODS We sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04). FINDINGS We identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing. INTERPRETATION Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Ruan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ai Ee Ling
- Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Su Yun Se Thoe
- Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Patrick Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Landri Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tao Zhang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwai Peng Chan
- Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lynette Oon Lin Ean
- Virology Section, Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mah Lee Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Electron Microscopy Unit, National University of Singapore
| | | | - Lisa FP Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Edison T Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Correspondence to: Dr Edison T Liu, 1 Science Park Road 05–01, Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, 117528
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3217
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a new disease in human beings, first recognised in late February, 2003, in Hanoi, Vietnam. The severity of the disease, combined with its rapid spread along international air-travel routes, prompted WHO to set up a network of scientists from 11 laboratories around the world to try to identify the causal agent and develop a diagnostic test. The network unites laboratories with different methods and capacities to rapidly fulfil all postulates for establishing a virus as the cause of a disease. Results are shared in real time via a secure website, on which microscopy pictures, protocols for testing, and PCR primer sequences are also posted. Findings are discussed in daily teleconferences. Progress is further facilitated through sharing between laboratories of samples and test materials. The network has identified a new coronavirus, consistently detected in samples of SARS patients from several countries, and conclusively named it as the causative agent of SARS; the strain is unlike any other known member of the genus Coronavirus. Three diagnostic tests are now available, but all have limitations.
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3218
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3219
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Salleras L. [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. A new emergent infectious disease]. Med Clin (Barc) 2003; 120:619-21. [PMID: 12732127 PMCID: PMC7130704 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(03)73789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2003] [Accepted: 04/22/2003] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3220
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Conly
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medicine, and Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
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3221
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Zheng BJ, Guan Y, Tang Q, Cheng D, Xie FY, He ML, Chan KW, Wong KL, Lader E, Woodle MC, Lu PY, Li B, Zhong N. Prophylactic and Therapeutic Effects of Small Interfering Rna Targeting Sars-Coronavirus. Antivir Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350400900310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To identify and characterize the siRNA duplexes that are effective for inhibition of SARS-CoV infection and replication in the non-human primate cells. This in vitro study will serve as the foundation for development of novel anti-SARS therapeutics. Methods 48 siRNA sequences were designed for targeting regions throughout entire SARS-CoV genome RNA including open-reading frames for several key proteins. Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes were transfected into foetal rhesus kidney (FRhK-4) cells prior to or after SARS-CoV infection. The inhibitory effects of the siRNAs were evaluated for reductions of intracellular viral genome copy number and viral titres in the cell culture medium measured by Q-RT-PCR and CPE-based titration, respectively. Four siRNA duplexes were found to achieve potent inhibition of SARS-CoV infection and replication. A prolonged prophylactic effect of siRNA duplexes with up to 90% inhibition that lasted for at least 72 h was observed. Combination of active siRNA duplexes targeting different regions of the viral genome resulted in therapeutic activity of up to 80% inhibition. Conclusion Chemically synthesized siRNA duplexes targeting SARS-CoV genomic RNA are potent agents for inhibition of the viral infection and replication. The location effects of siRNAs were revealed at both genome sequence and open-reading frame levels. The rapid development of siRNA-based SARS-CoV inhibitors marked a novel approach for combating newly emergent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Du Cheng
- Guangzhou Top Genomics, Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Wah Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Ling Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Lader
- Qiagen Sciences, Inc., Germantown, Md., USA
| | | | | | - Baojian Li
- Guangzhou Top Genomics, Ltd, Guangzhou, China
- Biotechnology Research Center of Sun Yatsen University, and Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Education of the State, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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3222
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Lin Y, Yan X, Cao W, Wang C, Feng J, Duan J, Xie S. Probing the Structure of the Sars Coronavirus Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Antivir Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/135965350400900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV, has been confirmed to be the aetiological agent of SARS. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images played an important role in initial identification of the pathogen. In order to obtain greater morphological detail of SARS-CoV than could be obtained by TEM, we used ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image the virus particles. We show here the three-dimensional appearance of SARS-CoV. Enhanced detail of the ultrastructure reveals the trimeric structure of the 10–20 nm spikes on the virion surface. These results contribute to characterization of the SARS agent and development of new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Wuchun Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoying Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Duan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, CAS, Beijing, China
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3223
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Qin E, Zhu Q, Yu M, Fan B, Chang G, Si B, Yang B, Peng W, Jiang T, Liu B, Deng Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li Y, Gan Y, Li X, Lü F, Tan G, Cao W, Yang R, Wang J, Li W, Xu Z, Li Y, Wu Q, Lin W, Chen W, Tang L, Deng Y, Han Y, Li C, Lei M, Li G, Li W, Lü H, Shi J, Tong Z, Zhang F, Li S, Liu B, Liu S, Dong W, Wang J, Wong GKS, Yu J, Yang H. A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus (Isolate BJ01). CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2003; 48:941-948. [PMID: 32214698 PMCID: PMC7088533 DOI: 10.1007/bf03184203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2003] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-associated virus provides essential information for the identification of pathogen(s), exploration of etiology and evolution, interpretation of transmission and pathogenesis, development of diagnostics, prevention by future vaccination, and treatment by developing new drugs. We report the complete genome sequence and comparative analysis of an isolate (BJ01) of the coronavirus that has been recognized as a pathogen for SARS. The genome is 29725 nt in size and has 11 ORFs (Open Reading Frames). It is composed of a stable region encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (composed of 2 ORFs) and a variable region representing 4 CDSs (coding sequences) for viral structural genes (the S, E, M, N proteins) and 5 PUPs (putative uncharacterized proteins). Its gene order is identical to that of other known coronaviruses. The sequence alignment with all known RNA viruses places this virus as a member in the family of Coronaviridae. Thirty putative substitutions have been identified by comparative analysis of the 5 SARS-associated virus genome sequences in GenBank. Fifteen of them lead to possible amino acid changes (non-synonymous mutations) in the proteins. Three amino acid changes, with predicted alteration of physical and chemical features, have been detected in the S protein that is postulated to be involved in the immunoreactions between the virus and its host. Two amino acid changes have been detected in the M protein, which could be related to viral envelope formation. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the possibility of non-human origin of the SARS-associated viruses but provides no evidence that they are man-made. Further efforts should focus on identifying the etiology of the SARS-associated virus and ruling out conclusively the existence of other possible SARS-related pathogen(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- E’de Qin
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Man Yu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Baochang Fan
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Bingyin Si
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Bao’an Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Peng
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Bohua Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Cui’e Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Gan
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Fushuang Lü
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Wuchun Cao
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Zuyuan Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Qingfa Wu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Han
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lei
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Hong Lü
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Shi
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Songgang Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Gane K-S Wong
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101300 Beijing
- National Center for Genome Information, 101300 Beijing, China
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3224
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Drosten C. SARS: Weltreise eines neuen Virus. BIOLOGIE IN UNSERER ZEIT 2003. [PMCID: PMC7161788 DOI: 10.1002/biuz.200390097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3225
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Abstract
It's less than four months since the World Health Organization issued global warnings about a mysterious and deadly form of pneumonia. Nature's reporters pose key questions about the outbreak, and assess our preparedness to deal with future viral threats.
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3226
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Vaqué J, Calicó I. ¿Volverá el síndrome respiratorio agudo grave? Med Clin (Barc) 2003; 121:700-2. [PMID: 14651819 PMCID: PMC7131240 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(03)74068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Vaqué
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Barcelona
- Correspondencia: Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Epidemiología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. UAB. P.° Vall d’Hebron, 119–129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
| | - Ignacio Calicó
- Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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3227
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Liu S, Guo T, Ji X, Sun Z. Bioinformatical study on the proteomics and evolution of SARS-CoV. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2003; 48:1277-1287. [PMID: 32214704 PMCID: PMC7089238 DOI: 10.1007/bf03184163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2003] [Accepted: 06/26/2003] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). For all the SARS-CoV associated proteins derivated from the SARS-CoV genome, the physiochemical properties such as the molecular weight, isoelectric point and extinction coefficient of each protein were calculated. The transmembrane segments and subcellular localization (SubLocation) prediction and conserved protein motifs search against database were employed to analyze the function of SARS-CoV proteins. Also, the homology protein sequence alignment and evolutionary distance matrix calculation between SARS-CoV associated proteins and the corresponding proteins of other coronaviruses were employed to identify the classification and phylogenetic relationship between SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses. The results showed that SARS-CoV is a novel coronavirus which is different from any of the three previously known groups of coronviruses, but it is closer to Bo-CoV and MHV than to other coronaviruses. This study is in aid of experimental determination of SARS-CoV proteomics and the development of antiviral vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqun Liu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Xinglai Ji
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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3228
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Pareja Bezares A, Torán Mateos M. SARS: una nueva enfermedad desenmascarada. Aten Primaria 2003; 32:531-4. [PMID: 14651831 PMCID: PMC7130739 DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(03)70783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Pareja Bezares
- Médico epidemiólogo. Unidad de Epidemiología y Control de Infecciones. Hospital Son Llátzer. Palma de Mallorca. Baleares. España.
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3229
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Ewig S. [SARS. A lesson in infection epidemiology and a masterpiece of modern infection control]. DER PATHOLOGE 2003; 24:335-7. [PMID: 12961021 PMCID: PMC7080108 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-003-0637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ewig
- Augusta-Kranken-Anstalt, Klinik für Pneumologie, Beatmungsmedizin und Infektiologie, Germany.
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3230
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Duan Q, Zhu H, Yang Y, Li W, Zhou Y, He J, He K, Zhang H, Zhou T, Song L, Gan Y, Tan H, Jin B, Li H, Zuo T, Chen D, Zhang X. Reovirus, isolated from SARS patients. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2003; 48:1293-1296. [PMID: 32214706 PMCID: PMC7088927 DOI: 10.1007/bf03184165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2003] [Accepted: 06/12/2003] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Beijing has been severely affected by SARS, and SARS-associated coronavirus has been confirmed as its cause. However, clinical and experimental evidence implicates the possibility of co-infection. In this report, reovirus was isolated from throat swabs of SARS patients, including the first case in Beijing and her mother. Identification with the electron microscopy revealed the characteristic features of reovirus. 24 of 38 samples from other SARS cases were found to have serologic responses to the reovirus. Primers designed for reovirus have amplified several fragments of DNA, one of which was sequenced (S2 gene fragment), which indicates it as a unique reovirus (orthoreovirus). Preliminary animal experiment showed that inoculation of the reovirus in mice caused death with atypical pneumonia. Nevertheless, the association of reovirus with SARS outbreak requires to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Duan
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Kun He
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Song
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Gan
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Hua Tan
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Jin
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Li
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zuo
- Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 100071 Beijing, China
| | - Dehui Chen
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850 Beijing, China
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