301
|
Truong L, Tilton SC, Zaikova T, Richman E, Waters KM, Hutchison JE, Tanguay RL. Surface functionalities of gold nanoparticles impact embryonic gene expression responses. Nanotoxicology 2013; 7:192-201. [PMID: 22263968 PMCID: PMC3399027 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.648225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into consumer products is increasing; however, there is a gap in available toxicological data to determine the safety of AuNPs. In this study, we utilised the embryonic zebrafish to investigate how surface functionalisation and charge influence molecular responses. Precisely engineered AuNPs with 1.5 nm cores were synthesised and functionalized with three ligands: 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (MES), N,N,N-trimethylammoniumethanethiol (TMAT), or 2-(2-(2-mercaptoethoxy)ethoxy)ethanol. Developmental assessments revealed differential biological responses when embryos were exposed to the functionalised AuNPs at the same concentration. Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, AuNP uptake was confirmed in exposed embryos. Following exposure to MES- and TMAT-AuNPs from 6 to 24 or 6 to 48 h post fertilisation, pathways involved in inflammation and immune response were perturbed. Additionally, transport mechanisms were misregulated after exposure to TMAT and MES-AuNPs, demonstrating that surface functionalisation influences many molecular pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
302
|
Mimeault M, Batra SK. Emergence of zebrafish models in oncology for validating novel anticancer drug targets and nanomaterials. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:128-40. [PMID: 22903142 PMCID: PMC3562372 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo zebrafish models have recently attracted great attention in molecular oncology to investigate multiple genetic alterations associated with the development of human cancers and validate novel anticancer drug targets. Particularly, the transparent zebrafish models can be used as a xenotransplantation system to rapidly assess the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of cancer stem and/or progenitor cells and their progenies. Moreover, the zebrafish models have emerged as powerful tools for an in vivo testing of novel anticancer agents and nanomaterials for counteracting tumor formation and metastases and improving the efficacy of current radiation and chemotherapeutic treatments against aggressive, metastatic and lethal cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Cancer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
303
|
Wilson AJ, Willets KA. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging using noble metal nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:180-9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
304
|
Taylor U, Barchanski A, Kues W, Barcikowski S, Rath D. Impact of metal nanoparticles on germ cell viability and functionality. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 4:359-68. [PMID: 22827393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles play an increasing role in consumer products, biomedical applications and in the work environment. Therefore, the effects of nanomaterials need to be properly understood. This applies especially to their potential reproductive toxicology (nanoreprotoxicity), because any shortcomings in this regard would be reflected into the next generation. This review is an attempt to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effects of nanoparticles on reproductive outcomes. A comprehensive collection of significant experimental nanoreprotoxicity data is presented, which highlight how the toxic effect of nanoparticles can be influenced, not only by the particles' chemical composition, but also by particle size, surface modification, charge and to a considerable extent on the experimental set-up. The period around conception is characterized by considerable cytological and molecular restructuring and is therefore particularly sensitive to disturbances. Nanoparticles are able to penetrate through biological barriers into reproductive tissue and at least can have an impact on sperm vitality and function as well as embryo development. Particularly, further investigations are urgently needed on the repetitively shown effect of the ubiquitously used titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the development of the nervous system. It is recommended that future research focuses more on the exact mechanism behind the observed effects, because such information would facilitate the production of nanoparticles with increased biocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Taylor
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, Mariensee, Germany Laser Zentrum Hannover eV, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
305
|
Armstrong N, Ramamoorthy M, Lyon D, Jones K, Duttaroy A. Mechanism of silver nanoparticles action on insect pigmentation reveals intervention of copper homeostasis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53186. [PMID: 23308159 PMCID: PMC3538783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), like almost all nanoparticles, are potentially toxic beyond a certain concentration because the survival of the organism is compromised due to scores of pathophysiological abnormalities past that concentration. However, the mechanism of AgNP toxicity remains undetermined. Instead of applying a toxic dose, we attempted to monitor the effects of AgNPs at a nonlethal concentration on wild type Drosophila melanogaster by exposing them throughout their development. All adult flies raised in AgNP doped food showed that up to 50 mg/L concentration AgNP has no negative influence on median survival; however, these flies appeared uniformly lighter in body color due to the loss of melanin pigments in their cuticle. Additionally, fertility and vertical movement ability were compromised due to AgNP feeding. Determination of the amount of free ionic silver (Ag+) led us to claim that the observed biological effects have resulted from the AgNPs and not from Ag+. Biochemical analysis suggests that the activity of copper dependent enzymes, namely tyrosinase and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, are decreased significantly following the consumption of AgNPs, despite the constant level of copper present in the tissue. Consequently, we propose a mechanism whereby consumption of excess AgNPs in association with membrane bound copper transporter proteins cause sequestration of copper, thus creating a condition that resembles copper starvation. This model also explains the cuticular demelanization effect resulting from AgNP since tyrosinase activity is essential for melanin biosynthesis. Finally, we claim that Drosophila, an established genetic model system, can be well utilized for further understanding of the biological effects of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najealicka Armstrong
- Biology Department, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Malaisamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Delina Lyon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Kimberly Jones
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Atanu Duttaroy
- Biology Department, Howard University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
306
|
Feng DF, Wu WX, He NN, Chen DY, Feng XZ. Analysis of chorion changes in developmental toxicity induced by polymer microspheres in Zebrafish embryos. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
307
|
Huo D, Gao J, Guo B, Ding Y, He J, Yu H, Zhou Z, Hu Y. Silver nanoshells as tri-mode bactericidal agents integrating long term antibacterial, photohyperthermia and triggered Ag+ release capabilities. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40417j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
308
|
Joris F, Manshian BB, Peynshaert K, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Soenen SJ. Assessing nanoparticle toxicity in cell-based assays: influence of cell culture parameters and optimized models for bridging the in vitro–in vivo gap. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8339-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60145e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
309
|
Yu SJ, Yin YG, Liu JF. Silver nanoparticles in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:78-92. [PMID: 24592429 DOI: 10.1039/c2em30595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known for their excellent antibacterial ability and superior physical properties, and are widely used in a growing number of applications ranging from home disinfectants and medical devices to water purificants. However, with the accelerating production and introduction of AgNPs into commercial products, there is likelihood of release into the environment, which raises health and environmental concerns. This article provides a critical review of the state-of-knowledge about AgNPs, involving the history, analysis, source, fate and transport, and potential risks of AgNPs. Although great efforts have been made in each of these aspects, there are still many questions to be answered to reach a comprehensive understanding of the positive and negative effects of AgNPs. In order to fully investigate the fate and transport of AgNPs in the environment, appropriate methods for the preconcentration, separation and speciation of AgNPs should be developed, and analytical tools for the characterization and detection of AgNPs in complicated environmental samples are also urgently needed. To elucidate the environmental transformation of AgNPs, the behavior of AgNPs should be thoroughly monitored in complex environmental relevant conditions. Furthermore, additional in vivo toxicity studies should be carried out to understand the exact toxicity mechanism of AgNPs, and to predict the health effects to humans.
Collapse
|
310
|
Chernousova S, Epple M. Silber als antibakterielles Agens: Ion, Nanopartikel, Metall. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
311
|
Chernousova S, Epple M. Silver as antibacterial agent: ion, nanoparticle, and metal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 52:1636-53. [PMID: 23255416 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1292] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial action of silver is utilized in numerous consumer products and medical devices. Metallic silver, silver salts, and also silver nanoparticles are used for this purpose. The state of research on the effect of silver on bacteria, cells, and higher organisms is summarized. It can be concluded that the therapeutic window for silver is narrower than often assumed. However, the risks for humans and the environment are probably limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Chernousova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
312
|
Ghosh M, J M, Sinha S, Chakraborty A, Mallick SK, Bandyopadhyay M, Mukherjee A. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Mutat Res 2012; 749:60-9. [PMID: 22960309 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biocidal effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-np) has resulted in their incorporation into consumer products. While the population exposed to Ag-np continues to increase with ever new applications, Ag-np remains a controversial research area with regard to their toxicity in biological systems. Here a genotoxic and cytotoxic approach was employed to elucidate the activity of Ag-np in vitro and in vivo. Characterization of Ag-np using scanning electron microscopy revealed a size range of 90-180nm. Cytotoxic potential of Ag-np was evaluated in human lymphocytes via cell viability assay (Trypan blue dye exclusion method, MTT and WST assay). The uptake and incorporation of Ag-np into the lymphocytes was confirmed by flow cytometry. Additionally apoptosis (AnnexinV-FITC-PI staining) and DNA strand breaks (comet assay) in human lymphocytes revealed that Ag-np at concentration 25μg/ml can cause genotoxicity. In vivo experiments on plants (Allium cepa and Nicotiana tabacum) and animal (Swiss albino male mice) showed impairment of nuclear DNA. Induction of oxidative stress was also studied. The DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations raise the concern about the safety associated with applications of the Ag-np. A single ip administration of Ag-np gave a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the frequency of aberrant cells and Tail DNA percent at concentrations 10mg/kg body weight and above. Results of comet assay in A. cepa and N. tabacum demonstrated that the genotoxic effect of Ag-np was more pronounced in root than shoot/leaf of the plants. The present study indicated a good correlation between the in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore the biological applications employing Ag-np should be given special attention besides adapting the antimicrobial potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
313
|
Consistency of morphological endpoints used to assess developmental timing in zebrafish (Danio rerio) across a temperature gradient. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:561-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
314
|
Wu Y, Zhou Q. Dose- and time-related changes in aerobic metabolism, chorionic disruption, and oxidative stress in embryonic medaka (Oryzias latipes): underlying mechanisms for silver nanoparticle developmental toxicity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 124-125:238-46. [PMID: 22982501 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely employed in commercial products, and are thus inevitably released into the aquatic environment. Many studies have indicated that AgNPs could induce toxicological effects on embryonic fish. To understand the mechanism of AgNP developmental toxicity, we determined the effects of AgNPs on the egg membrane, aerobic metabolism, antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) generation in early-life medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). AgNP treatment at 62.5-1000 μg/L caused significant increase in retarded development and abnormalities. Destruction of the surface ornamentation and egg envelope was observed at a higher AgNP concentration (≥125 μg/L) using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A dose-dependent increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of anaerobic metabolism, and superoxide dismutase activity was observed in the treated embryos. In contrast, the total reduced glutathione level decreased. A high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentration was generated upon AgNP exposure from day 1 to day 7 postfertilisation. The biochemical parameters suggested that oxidative stress was induced by the AgNPs. Unexpectedly, a dose-dependent reduction in ROS and (1)O(2) generation upon high AgNP exposure (≥250 μg/L) was observed. Although the morphological damages induced by the AgNPs were irreversible, restorable antioxidant defenses were noted in the well-developed embryos. This finding supported the idea that the stage of morphogenesis and organogenesis is a critical window to chemical exposure or environmental stress. Overall, the results suggested that hypoxia, disturbed egg chorion, and oxidative stress are mechanistically associated with AgNP toxicity in embryonic fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- Department of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
315
|
Yang H, Sun C, Fan Z, Tian X, Yan L, Du L, Liu Y, Chen C, Liang XJ, Anderson GJ, Keelan JA, Zhao Y, Nie G. Effects of gestational age and surface modification on materno-fetal transfer of nanoparticles in murine pregnancy. Sci Rep 2012; 2:847. [PMID: 23150793 PMCID: PMC3496197 DOI: 10.1038/srep00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle exposure in pregnancy may result in placental damage and fetotoxicity; however, the factors that determine fetal nanoparticle exposure are unclear. Here we have assessed the effect of gestational age and nanoparticle composition on fetal accumulation of maternally-administered nanomaterials in mice. We determined the placental and fetal uptake of 13 nm gold nanoparticles with different surface modifications (ferritin, PEG and citrate) following intravenous administration at E5.5-15.5. We showed that prior to E11.5, all tested nanoparticles could be visualized and detected in fetal tissues in significant amounts; however, fetal gold levels declined dramatically post-E11.5. In contrast, Au-nanoparticle accumulation in the extraembryonic tissues (EET) increased 6–15 fold with gestational age. Fetal and EET accumulation of ferritin- and PEG-modified nanoparticles was considerably greater than citrate-capped nanoparticles. No signs of toxicity were observed. Fetal exposure to nanoparticles in murine pregnancy is, therefore, influenced by both stage of embryonic/placental maturation and nanoparticle surface composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
316
|
Hoheisel SM, Diamond S, Mount D. Comparison of nanosilver and ionic silver toxicity in Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2557-2563. [PMID: 22887018 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanosilver in consumer products and the likelihood of environmental exposure warrant investigation into the toxicity of nanosilver to aquatic organisms. A series of studies were conducted comparing the potency of nanosilver to ionic silver (Ag(+)) at acute and sublethal levels using two test organisms (Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas). The 48-h D. magna median lethal concentration (LC50) of multiple sizes (10, 20, 30, and 50 nm) of commercially prepared nanosilver (nanoComposix) ranged from 4.31 to 30.36 µg total Ag L(-1) with increasing toxicity associated with decreasing particle size. A strong relationship between estimated specific particle surface area and acute toxicity was observed. Nanosilver suspensions (10 nm) treated with cation exchange resin to reduce the concentration of Ag(+) associated with it were approximately equally toxic to D. magna compared to untreated nanosilver (48-h LC50s were 2.15 and 2.79 µg total Ag L(-1), respectively). The 96-h LC50 and 7-d sublethal 20% effective concentrations (EC20s) for P. promelas were 89.4 and 46.1 µg total Ag L(-1), respectively, for 10 nm nanosilver and 4.70 and 1.37 µg total Ag L(-1), respectively, for Ag(+); the resulting ratios of 96-h LC50 to 7-d EC20 were not significantly different for nanosilver and ionic silver. Overall, these studies did not provide strong evidence that nanosilver either acts by a different mechanism of toxicity than ionic silver, or is likely to cause acute or lethal toxicity beyond that which would be predicted by mass concentration of total silver. This in turn suggests that regulatory approaches based on the toxicity of ionic silver to aquatic life would not be underprotective for environmental releases of nanosilver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hoheisel
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
317
|
Comparative study of Ag and Au nanoparticles biosensors based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2012; 32:1437-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
318
|
Bowman CR, Bailey FC, Elrod-Erickson M, Neigh AM, Otter RR. Effects of silver nanoparticles on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922): a comparison of toxicity based on total surface area versus mass concentration of particles in a model eukaryotic and prokaryotic system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:1793-1800. [PMID: 22573570 DOI: 10.1002/etc.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been classified as the most abundant NP found in commercial products. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and bacteria (Escherichia coli; ATCC 25922) were used to test the size-dependent toxicological effects of Ag NPs, the effects of ionic silver versus Ag NPs, and Ag NP effects on mortality using mass concentration (mg/L) compared with total surface area (nm(2) /L). Several diameters of Ag NPs (20, 50, 110 nm) as well as AgNO(3) were chosen as experimental treatments. Treated zebrafish embryos exhibited anomalies of the heart, namely, slower heart rates and pericardial edema. A size-dependent response was not observed in zebrafish when viewing mortality across all Ag NP treatments, although 20 nm elicited the highest incidence of abnormal motility and induced slower development. An Ag NP dose- and size-dependent response was observed in treated bacteria using mass concentration, with 20-nm Ag NP producing the highest mortality rate. In both zebrafish and bacteria, AgNO(3) was shown to be more toxic than Ag NPs at equivalent concentrations. When total surface area of Ag NPs was used to gauge bacterial mortality, a total surface area-dependent, but not size-dependent, response was observed for all three Ag NPs used in the present study, with nearly 100% mortality observed once a total surface area of approximately 1E + 18 nm(2) /L was reached. This trend was not apparent, however, when measuring total surface area for zebrafish mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Bowman
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
319
|
Jemec A, Djinović P, Tišler T, Pintar A. Effects of four CeO2 nanocrystalline catalysts on early-life stages of zebrafish Danio rerio and crustacean Daphnia magna. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 219-220:213-220. [PMID: 22525480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of four different nanocrystalline CeO(2)-based catalysts on crustaceans Daphnia magna and early-life stages of zebrafish Danio rerio were studied. Pure CeO(2) and CuO-CeO(2) mixed oxides with a nominal 10, 15 and 20 mol.% CuO content were tested. Pure CeO(2) provoked no effects, but CuO-CeO(2) mixed oxides induced some sublethal effects on fish and affected daphnids' survival. The most pronounced effects were found on fish body growth, which was reduced at 10 mg/L in case of CuCe20 and 50 mg/L in cases of CuCe10 and CuCe15. Daphnids' survival was affected above 80 mg/L of CuCe20, while CuCe10 and CuCe15 did not affect daphnids. None of the materials was highly toxic to daphnids and fish in comparison to some other environmental pollutants. Differences in effects between the materials could not be explained by their specific physicochemical properties. This work indicates that more attention should be placed at potential toxicity of nanostructured materials, such as nanocrystalline mixed-oxides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Jemec
- National Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
320
|
Sebastián V, Lee SK, Zhou C, Kraus MF, Fujimoto JG, Jensen KF. One-step continuous synthesis of biocompatible gold nanorods for optical coherence tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6654-6. [PMID: 22634612 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc32969g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel one-step flow process to synthesize biocompatible gold nanorods with tunable absorption and biocompatible surface ligands. Photothermal optical coherence tomography (OCT) of human breast tissue is successfully demonstrated using tailored gold nanorods designed to have strong absorption in the near-infrared range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Sebastián
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
321
|
George S, Lin S, Ji Z, Thomas CR, Li L, Mecklenburg M, Meng H, Wang X, Zhang H, Xia T, Hohman JN, Lin S, Zink JI, Weiss PS, Nel AE. Surface defects on plate-shaped silver nanoparticles contribute to its hazard potential in a fish gill cell line and zebrafish embryos. ACS NANO 2012; 6:3745-59. [PMID: 22482460 PMCID: PMC4139037 DOI: 10.1021/nn204671v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated and compared nanosize Ag spheres, plates, and wires in a fish gill epithelial cell line (RT-W1) and in zebrafish embryos to understand the mechanism of toxicity of an engineered nanomaterial raising considerable environmental concern. While most of the Ag nanoparticles induced N-acetyl cysteine sensitive oxidative stress effects in RT-W1, Ag nanoplates were considerably more toxic than other particle shapes. Interestingly, while Ag ion shedding and bioavailability failed to comprehensively explain the high toxicity of the nanoplates, cellular injury required direct particle contact, resulting in cell membrane lysis in RT-W1 as well as red blood cells (RBC). Ag nanoplates were also considerably more toxic in zebrafish embryos in spite of their lesser ability to shed Ag into the exposure medium. To elucidate the "surface reactivity" of Ag nanoplates, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was performed and demonstrated a high level of crystal defects (stacking faults and point defects) on the nanoplate surfaces. Surface coating with cysteine was used to passivate the surface defects and demonstrated a reduction of toxicity in RT-W1 cells, RBC, and zebrafish embryos. This study demonstrates the important role of crystal defects in contributing to Ag nanoparticle toxicity in addition to the established roles of Ag ion shedding by Ag nanoparticles. The excellent correlation between the in vitro and in vivo toxicological assessment illustrates the utility of using a fish cell line in parallel with zebrafish embryos to perform a predictive environmental toxicological paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saji George
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
322
|
Lee KJ, Nallathamby PD, Browning LM, Desai T, Cherukuri PK, Xu XHN. Single nanoparticle spectroscopy for real-time in vivo quantitative analysis of transport and toxicity of single nanoparticles in single embryos. Analyst 2012; 137:2973-86. [PMID: 22563577 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials exhibit distinctive physicochemical properties and promise a wide range of applications from nanotechnology to nanomedicine, which raise serious concerns about their potential environmental impacts on ecosystems. Unlike any conventional chemicals, nanomaterials are highly heterogeneous, and their properties can alter over time. These unique characteristics underscore the importance of study of their properties and effects on living organisms in real time at single nanoparticle (NP) resolution. Here we report the development of single-NP plasmonic microscopy and spectroscopy (dark-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy, DFOMS) and ultrasensitive in vivo assay (cleavage-stage zebrafish embryos, critical aquatic species) to study transport and toxicity of single silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 95.4 ± 16.0 nm) on embryonic developments. We synthesized and characterized purified and stable (non-aggregation) Ag NPs, determined their sizes and doses (number), and their transport mechanisms and effects on embryonic development in vivo in real time at single-NP resolution. We found that single Ag NPs passively entered the embryos through their chorionic pores via random Brownian diffusion and stayed inside the embryos throughout their entire development (120 h), suggesting that the embryos can bio-concentrate trace NPs from their environment. Our studies show that higher doses and larger sizes of Ag NPs cause higher toxic effects on embryonic development, demonstrating that the embryos can serve as ultrasensitive in vivo assays to screen biocompatibility and toxicity of the NPs and monitor their potential release into aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
323
|
Lee KJ, Browning LM, Nallathamby PD, Desai T, Cherukuri PK, Xu XHN. In vivo quantitative study of sized-dependent transport and toxicity of single silver nanoparticles using zebrafish embryos. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1029-46. [PMID: 22486336 DOI: 10.1021/tx300021u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials possess distinctive physicochemical properties (e.g., small sizes and high surface area-to-volume ratios) and promise a wide variety of applications, ranging from the design of high quality consumer products to effective disease diagnosis and therapy. These properties can lead to toxic effects, potentially hindering advances in nanotechnology. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized purified and stable (nonaggregation) silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 41.6 ± 9.1 nm in average diameter) and utilized early developing (cleavage-stage) zebrafish embryos (critical aquatic and eco- species) as in vivo model organisms to probe the diffusion and toxicity of Ag NPs. We found that single Ag NPs (30-72 nm diameters) passively diffused into the embryos through chorionic pores via random Brownian motion and stayed inside the embryos throughout their entire development (120 hours-post-fertilization, hpf). Dose- and size-dependent toxic effects of the NPs on embryonic development were observed, showing the possibility of tuning biocompatibility and toxicity of the NPs. At lower concentrations of the NPs (≤0.02 nM), 75-91% of embryos developed into normal zebrafish. At the higher concentrations of NPs (≥0.20 nM), 100% of embryos became dead. At the concentrations in between (0.02-0.2 nM), embryos developed into various deformed zebrafish. Number and sizes of individual Ag NPs embedded in tissues of normal and deformed zebrafish at 120 hpf were quantitatively analyzed, showing deformed zebrafish with higher number of larger NPs than normal zebrafish and size-dependent nanotoxicity. By comparing with our previous studies of smaller Ag NPs (11.6 ± 3.5 nm), we found striking size-dependent nanotoxicity that, at the same molar concentration, the larger Ag NPs (41.6 ± 9.1 nm) are more toxic than the smaller Ag NPs (11.6 ± 3.5 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
324
|
Xu Z, Zhang YL, Song C, Wu LL, Gao HW. Interactions of hydroxyapatite with proteins and its toxicological effect to zebrafish embryos development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32818. [PMID: 22509249 PMCID: PMC3324474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased application of nanomaterials has raised the level of public concern regarding possible toxicities caused by exposure to nanostructures. The interactions of nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) with cytochrome c and hemoglobin were investigated by zeta-potential, UV-vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism. The experimental results indicated that the interactions were formed via charge attraction and hydrogen bond and obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The two functional proteins bridged between HA particles to aggregate into the coralloid form, where change of the secondary structure of proteins occurred. From effects of nanosized HA, SiO(2) and TiO(2) particles on the zebrafish embryos development, they were adsorbed on the membrane surface confirmed by the electronic scanning microscopy. Nano-HA aggregated into the biggest particles around the membrane protein and then caused a little toxicity to development of zebrafish embryos. The SiO(2) particles were distributed throughout the outer surface and caused jam of membrane passage, delay of the hatching time and axial malformation. Maybe owing to the oxygen free radical activity, TiO(2) caused some serious deformity characters in the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YLZ); (HWG)
| | - Cao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YLZ); (HWG)
| |
Collapse
|
325
|
Liu R, Lin S, Rallo R, Zhao Y, Damoiseaux R, Xia T, Lin S, Nel A, Cohen Y. Automated phenotype recognition for zebrafish embryo based in vivo high throughput toxicity screening of engineered nano-materials. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35014. [PMID: 22506062 PMCID: PMC3323610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A phenotype recognition model was developed for high throughput screening (HTS) of engineered Nano-Materials (eNMs) toxicity using zebrafish embryo developmental response classified, from automatically captured images and without manual manipulation of zebrafish positioning, by three basic phenotypes (i.e., hatched, unhatched, and dead). The recognition model was built with a set of vectorial descriptors providing image color and texture information. The best performing model was attained with three image descriptors (color histogram, representative color, and color layout) identified as most suitable from an initial pool of six descriptors. This model had an average recognition accuracy of 97.40±0.95% in a 10-fold cross-validation and 93.75% in a stress test of low quality zebrafish images. The present work has shown that a phenotyping model can be developed with accurate recognition ability suitable for zebrafish-based HTS assays. Although the present methodology was successfully demonstrated for only three basic zebrafish embryonic phenotypes, it can be readily adapted to incorporate more subtle phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sijie Lin
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Rallo
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Departament d'Enginyeria Informatica i Matematiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Molecular Shared Screening Resources, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine - Division of NanoMedicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andre Nel
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine - Division of NanoMedicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yoram Cohen
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California Nanosystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
326
|
Christen V, Fent K. Silica nanoparticles and silver-doped silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response and alter cytochrome P4501A activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:423-434. [PMID: 22245057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Engineered silica nanoparticles (SiO(2)-NPs) find widespread application and may lead to exposure of humans and the environment. Here we compare the effects of SiO(2)-NPs and SiO(2)-NPs doped with silver (SiO(2)-Ag-NPs) on survival and cellular function of human liver cells (Huh7) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) fibroblast cells (FMH). In Huh7 cells we investigate effects on the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), including ER stress, and interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. The NPs formed agglomerates/aggregates in cell culture media as revealed by SEM and TEM. SiO(2) and SiO(2)-1% Ag-NPs were taken up into cells as demonstrated by agglomerates occurring in vesicular-like structures or freely dispersed in the cytosol. Cytotoxicity was more pronounced in Huh7 than in FMH cells, and increased with silver content in silver-doped NPs. Dissolved silver was the most significant factor for cytotoxicity. At toxic and non-cytotoxic concentrations SiO(2)-NPs and SiO(2)-1% Ag-NPs induced perturbations in the function of ER. In Huh7 cells NPs induced the unfolded protein response (UPR), or ER stress response, as demonstrated in induced expression of BiP and splicing of XBP1 mRNA, two selective markers of ER stress. Additionally, SiO(2)-1% Ag-NPs and AgNO(3) induced reactive oxygen species. Pre-treatment of Huh7 cells with SiO(2)-1% Ag-NPs followed by exposure to the inducer benzo(a)pyrene caused a significant reduced induction of CYP1A activity. NPs did not alter the activity of ABC transporters. These data demonstrate for the first time that SiO(2)-NPs and SiO(2)-1% Ag-NPs result in perturbations of the ER leading to the ER stress response. This represents a novel and significant cellular signalling pathway contributing to the cytotoxicity of NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
327
|
Kasturirangan V, Nair BM, Kariapper MTS, Lesniak WG, Tan W, Bizimungu R, Kanter P, Toth K, Buitrago S, Rustum YM, Hutson A, Balogh LP, Khan MK. In vivo toxicity evaluation of gold-dendrimer composite nanodevices with different surface charges. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:441-51. [PMID: 22394369 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.668570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Composite nanodevices (CNDs) are multifunctional nanomaterials with potential uses in cancer imaging and therapy. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-based composite nanodevices are important members of this group and consist of an organic dendrimer component and an incorporated inorganic component, in this case, gold. This study addresses the short- (14 days) and long-term (78 days) in vivo toxicity of generation-5 (G5; 5 nm) PAMAM dendrimer-based gold-CNDs (Au-CNDs) with varying surface charges (positive, negative and neutral) in C57BL/6J male mice. Detailed toxicological analyses of (1) body weight changes, (2) serum chemistry and (3) histopathological examination of 22 organs showed no evidence of organ injury or organ function compromise. Zeta potential of Au-CNDs showed significant change from their parent dendrimers upon gold incorporation, making the normally lethal positive surface dendrimer biologically safe. Also homeostatic mechanisms in vivo may compensate/repair toxic effects, something not seen with in vitro assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan Kasturirangan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, and joint appointment in the Department of Cell Stress Biology, The NanoBiotechnology Center at Roswell Park Cancer Institute-NBC at RPCI, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
328
|
Lee WM, Kwak JI, An YJ. Effect of silver nanoparticles in crop plants Phaseolus radiatus and Sorghum bicolor: media effect on phytotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:491-9. [PMID: 22075051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding some adverse effects of nanoparticles in edible crop plants is a matter of importance because nanoparticles are often released into soil environments. We investigated the phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the important crop plants, Phaseolus radiatus and Sorghum bicolor. The silver nanoparticles were selected for this study because of their OECD designation as a priority nanomaterial. The toxicity and bioavailability of AgNPs in the crop plant species P. radiatus and S. bicolor were evaluated in both agar and soil media. The seedling growth of test species was adversely affected by exposure to AgNPs. We found evidence of nanoparticle uptake by plants using electron microscopic studies. In the agar tests, P. radiatus and S. bicolor showed a concentration dependent-growth inhibition effect. Measurements of the growth rate of P. radiatus were not affected in the soil studies by impediment within the concentrations tested herein. Bioavailability of nanoparticles was reduced in the soil, and the dissolved silver ion effect also differed in the soil as compared to the agar. The properties of nanoparticles have been shown to change in soil, so this phenomenon has been attributed to the reduced toxicity of AgNPs to plants in soil medium. The application of nanoparticles in soil is a matter of great importance to elucidate the terrestrial toxicity of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Mi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
329
|
Galvin P, Thompson D, Ryan KB, McCarthy A, Moore AC, Burke CS, Dyson M, Maccraith BD, Gun'ko YK, Byrne MT, Volkov Y, Keely C, Keehan E, Howe M, Duffy C, MacLoughlin R. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery: case studies for cancer and cardiovascular applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:389-404. [PMID: 22015612 PMCID: PMC11115117 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) comprised of nanoengineered complexes are providing new opportunities for enabling targeted delivery of a range of therapeutics and combinations. A range of functionalities can be included within a nanoparticle complex, including surface chemistry that allows attachment of cell-specific ligands for targeted delivery, surface coatings to increase circulation times for enhanced bioavailability, specific materials on the surface or in the nanoparticle core that enable storage of a therapeutic cargo until the target site is reached, and materials sensitive to local or remote actuation cues that allow controlled delivery of therapeutics to the target cells. However, despite the potential benefits of NPs as smart drug delivery and diagnostic systems, much research is still required to evaluate potential toxicity issues related to the chemical properties of NP materials, as well as their size and shape. The need to validate each NP for safety and efficacy with each therapeutic compound or combination of therapeutics is an enormous challenge, which forces industry to focus mainly on those nanoparticle materials where data on safety and efficacy already exists, i.e., predominantly polymer NPs. However, the enhanced functionality affordable by inclusion of metallic materials as part of nanoengineered particles provides a wealth of new opportunity for innovation and new, more effective, and safer therapeutics for applications such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, which require selective targeting of the therapeutic to maximize effectiveness while avoiding adverse effects on non-target tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Galvin
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
330
|
Nanoecotoxicity effects of engineered silver and gold nanoparticles in aquatic organisms. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
331
|
Zielinska M, Sawosz E, Grodzik M, Balcerak M, Wierzbicki M, Skomial J, Sawosz F, Chwalibog A. Effect of taurine and gold nanoparticles on the morphological and molecular characteristics of muscle development during chicken embryogenesis. Arch Anim Nutr 2012; 66:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2011.644918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
332
|
Nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin destroy multiple-antibiotic-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:2768-74. [PMID: 22286985 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06513-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
|
333
|
Liu Y, Liu B, Feng D, Gao C, Wu M, He N, Yang X, Li L, Feng X. A progressive approach on zebrafish toward sensitive evaluation of nanoparticles' toxicity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:285-91. [PMID: 22267261 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00130f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) possess a great promise in evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). The commonly used method on zebrafish was to calculate mortality and 5 or 6 days postfertilization (dpf) toxicity scores. However, this method could only reveal a general toxic level. To further distinguish the toxicity of NPs in the same general level, a more systematic and sensitive approach needs to be put forward. In this work, we describe a progressive approach toward the evaluation of the toxicity of MSRMs NPs we synthesized. This approach contained traditional and newly created methods. The results from traditional methods such as calculating mortality, recording 6 dpf toxicity scores and malformation types of zebrafish revealed a general low toxic level of MSRMs. Then the newly created method was conducted. By using scoring spectra of early developmental stages such as 2 or 3 dpf, we compared the malformation speeds of zebrafish exposed to different concentrations of MSRMs during the time 1 to 6 dpf. The results allowed more sensitive assessments of the toxicity of MSRMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
334
|
Yang X, Gondikas AP, Marinakos SM, Auffan M, Liu J, Hsu-Kim H, Meyer JN. Mechanism of silver nanoparticle toxicity is dependent on dissolved silver and surface coating in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:1119-27. [PMID: 22148238 DOI: 10.1021/es202417t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in consumer products and medical applications has raised ecological and human health concerns. A key question for addressing these concerns is whether Ag NP toxicity is mechanistically unique to nanoparticulate silver, or if it is a result of the release of silver ions. Furthermore, since Ag NPs are produced in a large variety of monomer sizes and coatings, and since their physicochemical behavior depends on the media composition, it is important to understand how these variables modulate toxicity. We found that a lower ionic strength medium resulted in greater toxicity (measured as growth inhibition) of all tested Ag NPs to Caenorhabditis elegans and that both dissolved silver and coating influenced Ag NP toxicity. We found a linear correlation between Ag NP toxicity and dissolved silver, but no correlation between size and toxicity. We used three independent and complementary approaches to investigate the mechanisms of toxicity of differentially coated and sized Ag NPs: pharmacological (rescue with trolox and N-acetylcysteine), genetic (analysis of metal-sensitive and oxidative stress-sensitive mutants), and physicochemical (including analysis of dissolution of Ag NPs). Oxidative dissolution was limited in our experimental conditions (maximally 15% in 24 h) yet was key to the toxicity of most Ag NPs, highlighting a critical role for dissolved silver complexed with thiols in the toxicity of all tested Ag NPs. Some Ag NPs (typically less soluble due to size or coating) also acted via oxidative stress, an effect specific to nanoparticulate silver. However, in no case studied here was the toxicity of a Ag NP greater than would be predicted by complete dissolution of the same mass of silver as silver ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0328, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
335
|
Taylor U, Barchanski A, Garrels W, Klein S, Kues W, Barcikowski S, Rath D. Toxicity of gold nanoparticles on somatic and reproductive cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 733:125-33. [PMID: 22101718 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2555-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Along with the number of potential applications for gold nanoparticles (AuNP) especially for medical and scientific purposes, the interest in possible toxic effects of such particles is rising. The general perception views nanosized gold colloids as relatively inert towards biological systems. However, a closer analysis of pertinent studies reveals a more complex picture. While the chemical compound of which the nanoparticles consists plays an important role, further biocompatibility determining aspects have been made out. The vast majority of trials concerning AuNP-toxicity were performed using somatic cell culture lines. The results show a considerable dependency of toxic effects on size, zeta potential and surface functionalisation. In vivo studies on this subject are still rare. Based on the existing data it can be assumed, that a dosage of under <400 µg Au/kg showed no untoward effects. If higher amounts were applied toxicity depended on route of administration and particle size. Since nanoparticles have been shown to cross reproduction-relevant biological barriers such as the blood-testicle and the placental barrier the question of their reprotoxicity arises. Yet data concerning this subject is far from adequate. Regarding gametes, recent experiments showed a dose-dependent sensitivity of spermatozoa towards AuNP. Oocytes have not yet been tested in that respect. Interestingly, so far no effects were detected on embryos after gold nanoparticle exposure. In conclusion, the biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles depends on a range of particle specific aspects as well as the choice of target tissue. Further clarification of such matters are subject to ongoing research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Taylor
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Höltystrasse 10, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
336
|
Bohnsack JP, Assemi S, Miller JD, Furgeson DY. The primacy of physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials for reliable toxicity assessment: a review of the zebrafish nanotoxicology model. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 926:261-316. [PMID: 22975971 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-002-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have become increasingly prevalent in the past two decades in academic, medical, commercial, and industrial settings. The unique properties imbued with nanoparticles, as the physiochemical properties change from the bulk material to the surface atoms, present unique and often challenging characteristics that larger macromolecules do not possess. While nanoparticle characteristics are indeed exciting for unique chemistries, surface properties, and diverse applications, reports of toxicity and environmental impacts have tempered this enthusiasm and given cause for an exponential increase for concomitant nanotoxicology assessment. Currently, nanotoxicology is a steadily growing with new literature and studies being published more frequently than ever before; however, the literature reveals clear, inconsistent trends in nanotoxicological assessment. At the heart of this issue are several key problems including the lack of validated testing protocols and models, further compounded by inadequate physicochemical characterization of the nanomaterials in question and the seminal feedback loop of chemistry to biology back to chemistry. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are emerging as a strong nanotoxicity model of choice for ease of use, optical transparency, cost, and high degree of genomic homology to humans. This review attempts to amass all contemporary nanotoxicology studies done with the zebrafish and present as much relevant information on physicochemical characteristics as possible. While this report is primarily a physicochemical summary of nanotoxicity studies, we wish to strongly emphasize that for the proper evolution of nanotoxicology, there must be a strong marriage between the physical and biological sciences. More often than not, nanotoxicology studies are reported by groups dominated by one discipline or the other. Regardless of the starting point, nanotoxicology must be seen as an iterative process between chemistry and biology. It is our sincere hope that the future will introduce a paradigm shift in the approach to nanotoxicology with multidisciplinary groups for data analysis to produce predictive and correlative models for the end goal of rapid preclinical development of new therapeutics into the clinic or insertion into environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Bohnsack
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
337
|
Gollavelli G, Ling YC. Multi-functional graphene as an in vitro and in vivo imaging probe. Biomaterials 2011; 33:2532-45. [PMID: 22206596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A strategy has been developed for the synthesis of multi-functional graphene (MFG) using green synthetic approach and explored its biomedical application as a promising fluorescent marker for in vitro and in vivo imaging. In-situ microwave-assisted reduction and magnetization process was adopted to convert the graphene oxide into magnetic graphene within 1 min, which was further covalently modified to build a polyacrylic acid (PAA) bridge for linking the fluorescein o-methacrylate (FMA) to yield MFG with water-dispersibility (∼2.5 g/l) and fluorescence property (emission maximum at 526 nm). The PAA bridges also functions to prevent graphene-induced fluorescence quenching of conjugated FMA. The extent of reduction, magnetization, and functionalization was confirmed with TEM, AFM, Raman, XPS, FT-IR, TGA, and SQUID measurements. In vitro cytotoxicity study of HeLa cells reveal that MFG could stand as a biocompatible imaging probe with an IC(50) value of ∼100 μg/ml; whereas in vivo zebrafish study does not induce any significant abnormalities nor affects the survival rate after microinjection of MFG. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images reveals that MFG locates only in the cytoplasm region and exhibits excellent co-localization and biodistribution from the head to tail in the zebrafish. Our results demonstrate the applicability of graphene based fluorescence marker for intracellular imaging and, more significantly, as well as whole-animal imaging. Hence, MFG could preferentially serve as a dual functional probe in biomedical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Gollavelli
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
338
|
Sharifi S, Behzadi S, Laurent S, Forrest ML, Stroeve P, Mahmoudi M. Toxicity of nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:2323-43. [PMID: 22170510 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 814] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience has matured significantly during the last decade as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Presently, nanomaterials are used in a wide variety of commercial products such as electronic components, sports equipment, sun creams and biomedical applications. There are few studies of the long-term consequences of nanoparticles on human health, but governmental agencies, including the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Japan's Ministry of Health, have recently raised the question of whether seemingly innocuous materials such as carbon-based nanotubes should be treated with the same caution afforded known carcinogens such as asbestos. Since nanomaterials are increasing a part of everyday consumer products, manufacturing processes, and medical products, it is imperative that both workers and end-users be protected from inhalation of potentially toxic NPs. It also suggests that NPs may need to be sequestered into products so that the NPs are not released into the atmosphere during the product's life or during recycling. Further, non-inhalation routes of NP absorption, including dermal and medical injectables, must be studied in order to understand possible toxic effects. Fewer studies to date have addressed whether the body can eventually eliminate nanomaterials to prevent particle build-up in tissues or organs. This critical review discusses the biophysicochemical properties of various nanomaterials with emphasis on currently available toxicology data and methodologies for evaluating nanoparticle toxicity (286 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
339
|
Richards D, Ivanisevic A. Inorganic material coatings and their effect on cytotoxicity. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:2052-60. [PMID: 22116515 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic materials have become an increasingly researched topic due to their applications in many areas especially health care. One major problem with them is the effect that their surface coatings have on cells. The same coatings that are meant to increase biocompatibility can actually invoke cytotoxicity. This tutorial review focuses on the various types of coatings and how their properties, such as electrostatic charge and hydrophobicity, affect the observed toxicity. The theorized mechanisms by which the coatings induce toxicity are also presented. Finally, the prospects for the future of this field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Richards
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
340
|
Austin CA, Umbreit TH, Brown KM, Barber DS, Dair BJ, Francke-Carroll S, Feswick A, Saint-Louis MA, Hikawa H, Siebein KN, Goering PL. Distribution of silver nanoparticles in pregnant mice and developing embryos. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:912-22. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.626539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
341
|
Sagle LB, Ruvuna LK, Ruemmele JA, Van Duyne RP. Advances in localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy biosensing. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1447-62. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy advancements have made it a sensitive, flexible tool for probing biological interactions. Here, we describe the basic principles of this nanoparticle-based sensing technique, the ways nanoparticles can be tailored to optimize sensing, and examples of novel LSPR spectroscopy applications. These include detecting small molecules via protein conformational changes and resonance LSPR spectroscopy, as well as coupling LSPR with mass spectrometry to identify bound analytes. The last few sections highlight the advantages of single nanoparticle LSPR, in that it lowers limits of detection, allows multiplexing on the nanometer scale, and enables free diffusion of sensors in solution. The cases discussed herein illustrate creative ways that LSPR spectroscopy has been improved to achieve new sensing capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Sagle
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Laura K Ruvuna
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Julia A Ruemmele
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-3113 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
342
|
Lin S, Zhao Y, Xia T, Meng H, Zhaoxia J, Liu R, George S, Xiong S, Wang X, Zhang H, Pokhrel S, Mädler L, Damoiseaux R, Lin S, Nel AE. High content screening in zebrafish speeds up hazard ranking of transition metal oxide nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2011; 5:7284-95. [PMID: 21851096 PMCID: PMC4136441 DOI: 10.1021/nn202116p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish is an aquatic organism that can be used for high content safety screening of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). We demonstrate, for the first time, the use of high content bright-field and fluorescence-based imaging to compare the toxicological effect of transition metal oxide (CuO, ZnO, NiO, and Co(3)O(4)) nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos and larvae. High content bright-field imaging demonstrated potent and dose-dependent hatching interference in the embryos, with the exception of Co(3)O(4) which was relatively inert. We propose that the hatching interference was due to the shedding of Cu and Ni ions, compromising the activity of the hatching enzyme, ZHE1, similar to what we previously proposed for Zn(2+). This hypothesis is based on the presence of metal-sensitive histidines in the catalytic center of this enzyme. Co-introduction of a metal ion chelator, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), reversed the hatching interference of Cu, Zn, and Ni. While neither the embryos nor larvae demonstrated morphological abnormalities, high content fluorescence-based imaging demonstrated that CuO, ZnO, and NiO could induce increased expression of the heat shock protein 70:enhanced green fluorescence protein (hsp70:eGFP) in transgenic zebrafish larvae. Induction of this response by CuO required a higher nanoparticle dose than the amount leading to hatching interference. This response was also DTPA-sensitive. We demonstrate that high content imaging of embryo development, morphological abnormalities, and HSP70 expression can be used for hazard ranking and determining the dose-response relationships leading to ENM effects on the development of the zebrafish embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Lin
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for NanoBiology and Predictive Toxicology, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for NanoBiology and Predictive Toxicology, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Huan Meng
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ji Zhaoxia
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Rong Liu
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Saji George
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sijing Xiong
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Suman Pokhrel
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science, Department of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Germany
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Molecular Shared Screening Resource, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for NanoBiology and Predictive Toxicology, University of Bremen, Germany
- Corresponding Author: Andre Nel, M.D., Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 52-175 CHS, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1680. Tel: (310) 825-6620, Fax: (310) 206-8107,
| |
Collapse
|
343
|
Park MVDZ, Neigh AM, Vermeulen JP, de la Fonteyne LJJ, Verharen HW, Briedé JJ, van Loveren H, de Jong WH. The effect of particle size on the cytotoxicity, inflammation, developmental toxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9810-7. [PMID: 21944826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 636] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are of interest to be used as antimicrobial agents in wound dressings and coatings in medical devices, but potential adverse effects have been reported in the literature. The most pronounced effect of silver nanoparticles and the role of particle size in determining these effects, also in comparison to silver ions, are largely unknown. Effects of silver nanoparticles of different sizes (20, 80, 113 nm) were compared in in vitro assays for cytotoxicity, inflammation, genotoxicity and developmental toxicity. Silver nanoparticles induced effects in all endpoints studied, but effects on cellular metabolic activity and membrane damage were most pronounced. In all toxicity endpoints studied, silver nanoparticles of 20 nm were more toxic than the larger nanoparticles. In L929 fibroblasts, but not in RAW 264.7 macrophages, 20 nm silver nanoparticles were more cytotoxic than silver ions. Collectively, these results indicate that effects of silver nanoparticles on different toxic endpoints may be the consequence of their ability to inflict cell damage. In addition, the potency of silver in the form of nanoparticles to induce cell damage compared to silver ions is cell type and size-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margriet V D Z Park
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
344
|
Barchanski A, Taylor U, Klein S, Petersen S, Rath D, Barcikowski S. Golden Perspective: Application of Laser-Generated Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates in Reproductive Biology. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46 Suppl 3:42-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
345
|
Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Sieiro C, Cao R, Nasi L. Chitosan and silver nanoparticles as pudding with raisins with antimicrobial properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 364:80-4. [PMID: 21903218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) containing small silver nanoparticles are reported (Ag@CS-NP). CS-NP was synthesized using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a polyanionic template. TPP also served to electrostatically attract Ag(+) inside CS-NP, where it was reduced by the terminal glucosamine units of the biopolymer. This procedure is environmental friendly, inexpensive, and permits the synthesis of very small AgNP (0.93-1.7 nm), with only a discrete dependence from the amount of silver nitrate used (5-200mg). The obtained hybrid nanocomposites Ag@CS-NP were characterized by DLS, HRTEM, and HAADF-STEM presenting a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 78 nm. The antimicrobial activity of Ag@CS-NP against Candida glabrata, Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus corresponded to MIC values lower than for AgNO(3).
Collapse
|
346
|
Bar-Ilan O, Louis KM, Yang SP, Pedersen JA, Hamers RJ, Peterson RE, Heideman W. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles produce phototoxicity in the developing zebrafish. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:670-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.604438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
347
|
Truong L, Zaikova T, Richman EK, Hutchison JE, Tanguay RL. Media ionic strength impacts embryonic responses to engineered nanoparticle exposure. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:691-9. [PMID: 21809903 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.604440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic zebrafish were used to assess the impact of solution ion concentrations on agglomeration and resulting in vivo biological responses of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The minimum ion concentration necessary to support embryonic development was determined. Surprisingly, zebrafish exhibit no adverse outcomes when raised in nearly ion-free media. During a rapid throughput screening of AuNPs, 1.2-nm 3-mercaptopropionic acid-functionalized AuNPs (1.2-nm 3-MPA-AuNPs) rapidly agglomerate in exposure solutions. When embryos were exposed to 1.2-nm 3-MPA-AuNPs dispersed in low ionic media, both morbidity and mortality were induced, but when suspended in high ionic media, there was little to no biological response. We demonstrated that the media ionic strength greatly affects agglomeration rates and biological responses. Most importantly, the insensitivity of the zebrafish embryo to external ions indicates that it is possible, and necessary, to adjust the exposure media conditions to optimize NP dispersion prior to assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory and the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
348
|
Shaw BJ, Handy RD. Physiological effects of nanoparticles on fish: a comparison of nanometals versus metal ions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2011; 37:1083-97. [PMID: 21474182 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanoscale materials is growing exponentially, but there are also concerns about the environmental hazard to aquatic biota. Metal-containing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are an important group of these new materials, and are often made of one metal (e.g., Cu-NPs and Ag-NPs), metal oxides (e.g., ZnO and TiO(2) NPs), or composite of several metals. The physiological effects and toxicity of trace metals in the traditional dissolved form are relatively well known and the overall aim of this review was to use our existing conceptual framework of metal toxicity in fish to compare and contrast the effects of nanometals. Conceptually, there are some fundamental differences that relate to bioavailability and uptake. The chemistry and behaviour of nanometals involves dynamic aspects of aggregation theory, rather than the equilibrium models traditionally used for free metal ions. Some NPs, such as Cu-NPs, may also release free metal ions from the surface of the particle. Biological uptake of NPs is not likely via ion transporters, but endocytosis is a possible uptake mechanism. The body distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nanometals is poorly understood and hampered by a lack of methods for measuring NPs in tissues. Although data sets are still limited, emerging studies on the acute toxicity of nanometals have so far shown that these materials can be lethal to fish in the mg-μgl(-1) range, depending on the type of material. Evidence suggests that some nanometals can be more acutely toxic to some fish than dissolved forms. For example, juvenile zebrafish have a 48-h LC(50) of about 0.71 and 1.78mgl(-1) for nano- and dissolved forms of Cu respectively. The acute toxicity of metal NPs is not always explained, or only partly explained, by the presence of free metal ions; suggesting that other novel mechanisms may be involved in bioavailability. Evidence suggests that nanometals can cause a range of sublethal effects in fish including respiratory toxicity, disturbances to trace elements in tissues, inhibition of Na(+)K(+)-ATPase, and oxidative stress. Organ pathologies from nanometals can be found in a range of organs including the gill, liver, intestine, and brain. These sublethal effects suggest some common features in the sublethal responses to nanometals compared to metal salts. Effects on early life stages of fish are also emerging, with reports of nanometals crossing the chorion (e.g., Ag-NPs), and suggestions that the nano-forms of some metals (Cu-NPs and ZnO NPs) may be more toxic to embryos or juveniles, than the equivalent metal salt. It remains possible that nanometals could interfere with, and/or stimulate stress responses in fish; but data has yet to be collected on this aspect. We conclude that nanometals do have adverse physiological effects on fish, and the hazard for some metal NPs will be different to the traditional dissolved forms of metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Shaw
- Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
349
|
Harper SL, Carriere JL, Miller JM, Hutchison JE, Maddux BLS, Tanguay RL. Systematic evaluation of nanomaterial toxicity: utility of standardized materials and rapid assays. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4688-97. [PMID: 21609003 PMCID: PMC3124923 DOI: 10.1021/nn200546k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The challenge of optimizing both performance and safety in nanomaterials hinges on our ability to resolve which structural features lead to desired properties. It has been difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about biological impacts from many studies of nanomaterials due to the lack of nanomaterial characterization, unknown purity, and/or alteration of the nanomaterials by the biological environment. To investigate the relative influence of core size, surface chemistry, and charge on nanomaterial toxicity, we tested the biological response of whole animals exposed to a matrix of nine structurally diverse, precision-engineered gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of high purity and known composition. Members of the matrix include three core sizes and four unique surface coatings that include positively and negatively charged headgroups. Mortality, malformations, uptake, and elimination of AuNPs were all dependent on these parameters, showing the need for tightly controlled experimental design and nanomaterial characterization. Results presented herein illustrate the value of an integrated approach to identify design rules that minimize potential hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Harper
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
- Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative, Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Jason Lee Carriere
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
- Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative, Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - John M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Dune Sciences, Inc., Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - James Evan Hutchison
- Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative, Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Bettye L. S. Maddux
- Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative, Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Robert L. Tanguay
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
- Safer Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Initiative, Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| |
Collapse
|
350
|
Barnaby SN, Yu SM, Fath KR, Tsiola A, Khalpari O, Banerjee IA. Ellagic acid promoted biomimetic synthesis of shape-controlled silver nanochains. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:225605. [PMID: 21454936 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/22/225605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring plant polyphenol, was utilized for the biomimetic synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles, which over a period of time formed extended branched nanochains of hexagonal-shaped silver nanoparticles. It was found that EA not only has the capability of reducing silver ions, resulting in the formation of Ag nanoparticles, due to its extended polyphenolic system, but also appears to recognize and affect the Ag nanocrystal growth on the (111) face, leading to the formation of hexagon-shaped Ag nanocrystals. Initially, various Ag nanocrystal shapes were observed; however, over a longer period of time, a majority of hexagonal-shaped nanocrystals were formed. Although the exact mechanism of formation of the nanocrystals is not known, it appears that EA attaches to the silver nuclei, leading to lower surface energy of the (111) face. Further, the nanocrystals fuse together, forming interfaces among the aggregates, and, with time, those interfaces become lesser, and the nanoparticles merge together and share the same single crystallographic orientation, which leads to the formation of long elongated chains of hexagonal nanoparticles. This biomimetic approach may be developed as a green synthetic method to prepare building blocks with tunable properties for the development of nanodevices. Further, we explored the antibacterial properties and found that the tandem of EA-Ag nanochains substantially enhanced the antibacterial properties of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared to silver nanoparticles or EA alone. Additionally, the materials were also utilized for imaging of mammalian NRK (normal rat kidney) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Barnaby
- Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|