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Abyaneh HS, Regenold M, McKee TD, Allen C, Gauthier MA. Towards extracellular matrix normalization for improved treatment of solid tumors. Theranostics 2020; 10:1960-1980. [PMID: 32042347 PMCID: PMC6993244 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently challenging to eradicate cancer. In the case of solid tumors, the dense and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major contributor to the heterogeneous distribution of small molecule drugs and nano-formulations, which makes certain areas of the tumor difficult to treat. As such, much research is devoted to characterizing this matrix and devising strategies to modify its properties as a means to facilitate the improved penetration of drugs and their nano-formulations. This contribution presents the current state of knowledge on the composition of normal ECM and changes to ECM that occur during the pathological progression of cancer. It also includes discussion of strategies designed to modify the composition/properties of the ECM as a means to enhance the penetration and transport of drugs and nano-formulations within solid tumors. Moreover, a discussion of approaches to image the ECM, as well as ways to monitor changes in the ECM as a function of time are presented, as these are important for the implementation of ECM-modifying strategies within therapeutic interventions. Overall, considering the complexity of the ECM, its variability within different tissues, and the multiple pathways by which homeostasis is maintained (both in normal and malignant tissues), the available literature - while promising - suggests that improved monitoring of ECM remodeling in vivo is needed to harness the described strategies to their full potential, and match them with an appropriate chemotherapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Maximilian Regenold
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Trevor D. McKee
- STTARR Innovation Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street Room 7-504, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Marc A. Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, 1650 boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, J3X 1S2, Canada
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302
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Liu Y, Li C, Wang S, Guo J, Guo J, Fu J, Ren L, An Y, He J, Li Z. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells confer potent immunosuppressive effects in Sjögren's syndrome by inducing regulatory T cells. Mod Rheumatol 2020; 31:186-196. [PMID: 31859545 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1707996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a lymphoproliferative disease with a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration of notably the lacrimal and salivary glands. As mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate series of immunological responses partially by regulating proportion of CD4+ T cells and inducing an immunosuppressive local milieu, umbilical cord MSCs (UC-MSCs) are being considered as a novel source for cell-based therapies against primary SS. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of UC-MSCs in treatment of SS and to explore the possible mechanism(s) with the special emphasis on regulatory T cells (Tregs). METHODS Potent immunosuppressive effects of human UC-MSCs on SS were explored in vivo and in vitro. To study the effects of human UC-MSCs on the development and progression of SS, human UC-MSCs were administered before disease onset (preventive protocol) and after disease occurrence (therapeutic protocol) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In human study, the effect of human UC-MSCs on T cells from SS patients was studied. RESULTS In both protocols, the histopathology of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands showed decreased inflammatory infiltrates. In vitro, human UC-MSCs exhibited potent suppressive effects on responses of MNCs in NOD mice and T cells in SS patients. Such inhibitory effects were coupled with decreased production of proinflammtory cytokines interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and increased production of IL-10 (n = 10, p < .01). The frequency of CD4+Foxp3+T cells in the spleen of NOD recipients was elevated (n = 6, p < .05). CONCLUSION Human UC-MSCs are capable of inducing CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in both NOD mice and human in vitro. Human UC-MSCs effectively interfere with the autoimmune attack in the course of SS by inducing an in vivo state of T cell unresponsiveness and the upregulation of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiangnan Fu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Limin Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuan An
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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303
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Bulati M, Miceli V, Gallo A, Amico G, Carcione C, Pampalone M, Conaldi PG. The Immunomodulatory Properties of the Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Are Induced by INF-γ Produced by Activated Lymphomonocytes and Are Mediated by Cell-To-Cell Contact and Soluble Factors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:54. [PMID: 32117234 PMCID: PMC7028706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), being immunoprivileged and having immunomodulatory ability, represent a promising tool to be applied in the field of regenerative medicine. Based on numerous in vitro evidences, the immunological effects of MSCs on immune cells could depend on different mechanisms as cell-to-cell contact and paracrine signals. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is initiated by activated immune cells; thus, their interaction represents a potential homeostatic mechanism by which MSCs regulate the immune response. MSCs also release exosomes able to give different effects, in a paracrine manner, by influencing inflammatory processes. In this study, we aimed to establish the potential role of human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs), in immunomodulation. We found that the immunosuppressive properties of hAMSCs are not constitutive, but require "supportive signals" capable of promoting these properties. Indeed, we observed that hAMSCs alone are not able to produce an adequate amount of soluble immunomodulatory factors. Here, we studied, in depth, the strong immunomodulatory licensing signal deriving from the direct interaction between hAMSCs and stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We found that the immunomodulatory effect of hAMSCs also depends on cell-to-cell contact through the contribution of the PDL-1/PD-1 axis. We then investigated the IFN-γ priming of hAMSCs (γ-hAMSCs), which induce the increase of PDL-1 expression, high production of IDO, and upregulation of different immunomodulatory exosome-derived miRNAs. Our miRNA-target network analysis revealed that nine of the deregulated miRNAs are involved in the regulation of key proteins that control both T cell activation/anergy and monocyte differentiation pathways. Finally, we observed that γ-hAMSCs induce in monocytes both M2-like phenotype and the increase of IL-10 production. The extensive implications of MSCs in modulating different aspects of the immune system make these cells attractive candidates to be employed in therapeutic application in immune-based diseases. For these reasons, we aimed, with this study, to shed light on the potential of hAMSCs, and how they could become a useful tool for treating different inflammatory diseases, including end-stage pathologies or adverse effects in transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Matteo Bulati
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Pampalone
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (IRCCS ISMETT), Palermo, Italy
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304
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Berlanga-Acosta JA, Guillén-Nieto GE, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Mendoza-Mari Y, Bringas-Vega ML, Berlanga-Saez JO, García del Barco Herrera D, Martinez-Jimenez I, Hernandez-Gutierrez S, Valdés-Sosa PA. Cellular Senescence as the Pathogenic Hub of Diabetes-Related Wound Chronicity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:573032. [PMID: 33042026 PMCID: PMC7525211 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.573032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is constantly increasing at a rate that outpaces genetic variation and approaches to pandemic magnitude. Skin cells physiology and the cutaneous healing response are progressively undermined in diabetes which predisposes to lower limb ulceration, recidivism, and subsequent lower extremities amputation as a frightened complication. The molecular operators whereby diabetes reduces tissues resilience and hampers the repair mechanisms remain elusive. We have accrued the notion that diabetic environment embraces preconditioning factors that definitively propel premature cellular senescence, and that ulcer cells senescence impair the healing response. Hyperglycemia/oxidative stress/mitochondrial and DNA damage may act as major drivers sculpturing the senescent phenotype. We review here historical and recent evidences that substantiate the hypothesis that diabetic foot ulcers healing trajectory, is definitively impinged by a self-expanding and self-perpetuative senescent cells society that drives wound chronicity. This society may be fostered by a diabetic archetypal secretome that induces replicative senescence in dermal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Mesenchymal stem cells are also susceptible to major diabetic senescence drivers, which accounts for the inability of these cells to appropriately assist in diabetics wound healing. Thus, the use of autologous stem cells has not translated in significant clinical outcomes. Novel and multifaceted therapeutic approaches are required to pharmacologically mitigate the diabetic cellular senescence operators and reduce the secondary multi-organs complications. The senescent cells society and its adjunctive secretome could be an ideal local target to manipulate diabetic ulcers and prevent wound chronification and acute recidivism. This futuristic goal demands harnessing the diabetic wound chronicity epigenomic signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Berlanga-Acosta
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Gerardo E. Guillén-Nieto
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Mari
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Playa, Cuba
| | - Jorge O. Berlanga-Saez
- Applied Mathematics Department, Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diana García del Barco Herrera
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | - Indira Martinez-Jimenez
- Tissue Repair, Wound Healing and Cytoprotection Research Group, Biomedical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Playa, Cuba
| | | | - Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Playa, Cuba
- *Correspondence: Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
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305
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Chen L, Qu J, Cheng T, Chen X, Xiang C. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells: toward therapeutic mechanisms, novel strategies, and future perspectives in the treatment of diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 31864423 PMCID: PMC6925480 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have great potential in the treatment of various diseases. As a novel type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), MenSCs have attracted more interest due to their therapeutic effects in both animal models and clinical trials. Here, we described the differentiation, immunomodulation, paracrine, homing, and engraftment mechanisms of MenSCs. These include differentiation into targeting cells, immunomodulation with various immune cells, the paracrine effect on secreting cytokines, and homing and engraftment into injured sites. To better conduct MenSC-based therapy, some novel hotspots were proposed such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas9-mediated gene modification, exosomes for cell-free therapy, single-cell RNA sequence for precision medicine, engineered MenSC-based therapy for the delivery platform, and stem cell niches for improving microenvironment. Subsequently, current challenges were elaborated on, with regard to age of donor, dose of MenSCs, transplantation route, and monitoring time. The management of clinical research with respect to MenSC-based therapy in diseases will become more normative and strict. Thus, a more comprehensive horizon should be considered that includes a combination of traditional solutions and novel strategies. In summary, MenSC-based treatment has a great potential in treating diseases through diverse strategies, and more therapeutic mechanisms and novel strategies need to be elucidated for future regenerative medicine and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical, School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Cheng
- Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical, School of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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306
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Barrio-Hernandez I, Jafari A, Rigbolt KTG, Hallenborg P, Sanchez-Quiles V, Skovrind I, Akimov V, Kratchmarova I, Dengjel J, Kassem M, Blagoev B. Phosphoproteomic profiling reveals a defined genetic program for osteoblastic lineage commitment of human bone marrow-derived stromal stem cells. Genome Res 2019; 30:127-137. [PMID: 31831592 PMCID: PMC6961576 DOI: 10.1101/gr.248286.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts upon stimulation by signals present in their niche. Because the global signaling cascades involved in the early phases of MSCs osteoblast (OB) differentiation are not well-defined, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to delineate changes in human MSCs proteome and phosphoproteome during the first 24 h of their OB lineage commitment. The temporal profiles of 6252 proteins and 15,059 phosphorylation sites suggested at least two distinct signaling waves: one peaking within 30 to 60 min after stimulation and a second upsurge after 24 h. In addition to providing a comprehensive view of the proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics during early MSCs differentiation, our analyses identified a key role of serine/threonine protein kinase D1 (PRKD1) in OB commitment. At the onset of OB differentiation, PRKD1 initiates activation of the pro-osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 by triggering phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the histone deacetylase HDAC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer T G Rigbolt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Virginia Sanchez-Quiles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ida Skovrind
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Vyacheslav Akimov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Irina Kratchmarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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307
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Onodera Y, Teramura T, Takehara T, Fukuda K. Transforming Growth Factor β-Activated Kinase 1 Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation Through Stabilization of Yap1/Taz Proteins. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1595-1605. [PMID: 31461199 PMCID: PMC6916189 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiation into a variety of cell types, proliferation, and production of clinically useful secretory factors. These advantages make BMMSCs highly useful for cell transplantation therapy. However, the molecular network underlying BMMSC proliferation remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) is a critical molecule that regulates the activation of cell cycling and that Tak1 inhibition leads to quiescence in BMMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Tak1 was phosphorylated by growth factor stimulations, allowing it to bind and stabilize Yap1/Taz, which could then be localized to the nucleus. We also demonstrated that the quiescence induction by inhibiting Tak1 increased oxidized stress tolerance and improved BMMSC engraftment in intramuscular and intrabone marrow cell transplantation models. This study reveals a novel pathway controlling BMMSC proliferation and suggests a useful method to improve the therapeutic effect of BMMSC transplantation. Stem Cells 2019;37:1595-1605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Onodera
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative MedicineInstitute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
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308
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Rademakers T, Horvath JM, van Blitterswijk CA, LaPointe VL. Oxygen and nutrient delivery in tissue engineering: Approaches to graft vascularization. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1815-1829. [PMID: 31310055 PMCID: PMC6852121 DOI: 10.1002/term.2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering is making great strides in developing replacement tissue grafts for clinical use, marked by the rapid development of novel biomaterials, their improved integration with cells, better-directed growth and differentiation of cells, and improved three-dimensional tissue mass culturing. One major obstacle that remains, however, is the lack of graft vascularization, which in turn renders many grafts to fail upon clinical application. With that, graft vascularization has turned into one of the holy grails of tissue engineering, and for the majority of tissues, it will be imperative to achieve adequate vascularization if tissue graft implantation is to succeed. Many different approaches have been developed to induce or augment graft vascularization, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we highlight the importance of vascularization in tissue engineering and outline various approaches inspired by both biology and engineering to achieve and augment graft vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Rademakers
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Horvath
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
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309
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Bizzaro D, Russo FP, Burra P. New Perspectives in Liver Transplantation: From Regeneration to Bioengineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E81. [PMID: 31514475 PMCID: PMC6783848 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced liver diseases have very high morbidity and mortality due to associated complications, and liver transplantation represents the only current therapeutic option. However, due to worldwide donor shortages, new alternative approaches are mandatory for such patients. Regenerative medicine could be the more appropriate answer to this need. Advances in knowledge of physiology of liver regeneration, stem cells, and 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering have accelerated the race towards efficient therapies for liver failure. In this review, we propose an update on liver regeneration, cell-based regenerative medicine and bioengineering alternatives to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology/Multivisceral Transplant Section, University/Hospital Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy.
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310
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The Role of Extracellular Matrix Expression, ERK1/2 Signaling and Cell Cohesiveness for Cartilage Yield from iPSCs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174295. [PMID: 31480758 PMCID: PMC6747490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies involving chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remain inefficient in restoring cartilage properties upon injury. The induced pluripotent stem-cell (iPSC)-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (iMPCs) have been put forward as a promising alternative cell source due to their high proliferation and differentiation potential. However, the observed cell loss during in vitro chondrogenesis is currently a bottleneck in establishing articular chondrocyte generation from iPSCs. In a search for candidate mechanisms underlying the low iPSC-derived cartilage tissue yield, global transcriptomes were compared between iMPCs and MSCs and the cell properties were analyzed via a condensation assay. The iMPCs had a more juvenile mesenchymal gene signature than MSCs with less myofibroblast-like characteristics, including significantly lower ECM- and integrin-ligand-related as well as lower α-smooth-muscle-actin expression. This correlated with less substrate and more cell-cell adhesion, impaired aggregate formation and consequently inferior cohesive tissue properties of the iMPC-pellets. Along lower expression of pro-survival ECM molecules, like decorin, collagen VI, lumican and laminin, the iMPC populations had significantly less active ERK1/2 compared to MSCs. Overall, this study proposes that this ECM and integrin-ligand shortage, together with insufficient pro-survival ERK1/2-activity, explains the loss of a non-aggregating iMPC sub-fraction during pellet formation and reduced survival of cells in early pellets. Enhancing ECM production and related signaling in iMPCs may be a promising new means to enrich the instructive microenvironment with pro-survival cues allowing to improve the final cartilage tissue yield from iPSCs.
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311
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Han Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Han Y, Chang F, Ding J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2019; 8:E886. [PMID: 31412678 PMCID: PMC6721852 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. MSCs are easily extracted from the bone marrow, fat, and synovium, and differentiate into various cell lineages according to the requirements of specific biomedical applications. As MSCs do not express significant histocompatibility complexes and immune stimulating molecules, they are not detected by immune surveillance and do not lead to graft rejection after transplantation. These properties make them competent biomedical candidates, especially in tissue engineering. We present a brief overview of MSC extraction methods and subsequent potential for differentiation, and a comprehensive overview of their preclinical and clinical applications in regenerative medicine, and discuss future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuezhou Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Yuping Han
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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312
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Witzler M, Ottensmeyer PF, Gericke M, Heinze T, Tobiasch E, Schulze M. Non-Cytotoxic Agarose/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Drug Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3565. [PMID: 31330875 PMCID: PMC6678963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of large bone defects requires implants or scaffolds that provide structural guidance for cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization. In the present work, an agarose-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was developed that acts not only as a 3D matrix, but also as a release system. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into the agarose gels in situ in various ratios by a simple procedure consisting of precipitation, cooling, washing, and drying. The resulting gels were characterized regarding composition, porosity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A pure phase of carbonated HA was identified in the scaffolds, which had pore sizes of up to several hundred micrometers. Mechanical testing revealed elastic moduli of up to 2.8 MPa for lyophilized composites. MTT testing on Lw35human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds were loaded with model drug compounds for guided hMSC differentiation. Different release kinetic models were evaluated for adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and suramin, and data showed a sustained release behavior over four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Witzler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Frank Ottensmeyer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Center of Excellence of Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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313
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Zagoura D, Trohatou O, Makridakis M, Kollia A, Kokla N, Mokou M, Psaraki A, Eliopoulos AG, Vlahou A, Roubelakis MG. Functional secretome analysis reveals Annexin-A1 as important paracrine factor derived from fetal mesenchymal stem cells in hepatic regeneration. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:542-552. [PMID: 31303498 PMCID: PMC6642415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and their secreted molecules exert beneficial effects in injured tissues by promoting tissue regeneration and angiogenesis and by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis. We have previously demonstrated that the therapeutic activity of fetal MSCs derived from amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) and their hepatic progenitor-like cells (HPL) is mediated by paracrine effects in a mouse model of acute hepatic failure (AHF). Methods Herein, we have combined proteomic profiling of the AF-MSCs and HPL cell secretome with ex vivo and in vivo functional studies to identify specific soluble factors, which underpin tissue regeneration in AHF. Findings The anti-inflammatory molecule Annexin-A1 (ANXA1) was detected at high levels in both AF-MSC and HPL cell secretome. Further functional analyses revealed that the shRNA-mediated knock-down of ANXA1 in MSCs (shANXA1-MSCs) decreased their proliferative, clonogenic and migratory potential, as well as their ability to differentiate into HPL cells. Liver progenitors (oval cells) from AHF mice displayed reduced proliferation when cultured ex vivo in the presence of conditioned media from shANXA1-MSCs compared to control MSCs secretome. Intra-hepatic delivery of conditioned media from control MSCs but not shANXA1-MSCs reduced liver damage and circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AHF. Interpretation Collectively, our study uncovers secreted Annexin-A1 as a novel effector of MSCs in liver regeneration and further underscores the potential of cell-free therapeutic strategies for liver diseases. Fund Fondation Santé, GILEAD Asklipeios Grant, Fellowships of Excellence – Siemens, IKY, Reinforcement of Postdoctoral Researchers, IKY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Zagoura
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Trohatou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Kollia
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolitsa Kokla
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marika Mokou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Adriana Psaraki
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
| | - Maria G Roubelakis
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Greece.
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314
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Rota C, Morigi M, Imberti B. Stem Cell Therapies in Kidney Diseases: Progress and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112790. [PMID: 31181604 PMCID: PMC6600599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of renal diseases is emerging as a public health problem. Despite major progress in supportive therapy, mortality rates among patients remain high. In an attempt to find innovative treatments to stimulate kidney regeneration, stem cell-based technology has been proposed as a potentially promising strategy. Here, we summarise the renoprotective potential of pluripotent and adult stem cell therapy in experimental models of acute and chronic kidney injury and we explore the different mechanisms at the basis of stem cell-induced kidney regeneration. Specifically, cell engraftment, incorporation into renal structures, or paracrine activities of embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells as well as mesenchymal stem cells and renal precursors are analysed. We also discuss the relevance of stem cell secretome-derived bioproducts, including soluble factors and extracellular vesicles, and the option of using them as cell-free therapy to induce reparative processes. The translation of the experimental results into clinical trials is also addressed, highlighting the safety and feasibility of stem cell treatments in patients with kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Rota
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Marina Morigi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Barbara Imberti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Via Stezzano 87, 24126 Bergamo, Italy.
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315
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Ulyanenko S, Pustovalova M, Koryakin S, Beketov E, Lychagin A, Ulyanenko L, Kaprin A, Grekhova A, M Ozerova A, V Ozerov I, Vorobyeva N, Shegay P, Ivanov S, Leonov S, Klokov D, Osipov AN. Formation of γH2AX and pATM Foci in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exposed to Low Dose-Rate Gamma-Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2645. [PMID: 31146367 PMCID: PMC6600277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are among the most harmful DNA lesions induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Although the induction and repair of radiation-induced DSB is well studied for acute irradiation, responses to DSB produced by chronic IR exposures are poorly understood, especially in human stem cells. The aim of this study was to examine the formation of DSB markers (γH2AX and phosphorylated kinase ATM, pATM, foci) in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to chronic gamma-radiation (0.1 mGy/min) in comparison with acute irradiation (30 mGy/min) at cumulative doses of 30, 100, 160, 240 and 300 mGy. A linear dose-dependent increase in the number of both γH2AX and pATM foci, as well as co-localized γH2AX/pATM foci ("true" DSB), were observed after an acute radiation exposure. In contrast, the response of MSCs to a chronic low dose-rate IR exposure deviated from linearity towards a threshold model, for γH2AX, pATM foci and γH2AX/pATM foci, with an indication of a "plateau". The state of equilibrium between newly formed DSB at a low rate during the protracted exposure time and the elimination of a fraction of DSB is proposed as a mechanistic explanation of the non-linear DSB responses following a low dose-rate irradiation. This notion is supported by the observation of the elimination of a substantial fraction of DSB 6 h after the cessation of the exposures. Our results demonstrate non-linear dose responses for γH2AX and pATM foci in human MSCs exposed to low dose-rate IR and showed the existence of a threshold, which may have implications for radiation protection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Ulyanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia.
| | - Sergey Koryakin
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Beketov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Anatolii Lychagin
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Liliya Ulyanenko
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Andrey Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125284, Russia.
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexandra M Ozerova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Peter Shegay
- Center for Innovative Radiological and Regenerative Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre-Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia.
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, Pushchino 142290, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow 123098, Russia.
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia.
- Center for Innovative Radiological and Regenerative Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Koroleva 4, Obninsk 249030, Russia.
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316
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Regenerative Features of Adipose Tissue for Osteoarthritis Treatment in a Rabbit Model: Enzymatic Digestion Versus Mechanical Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112636. [PMID: 31146351 PMCID: PMC6601012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluating cell migration after cell-based treatment is important for several disorders, including osteoarthritis (OA), as it might influence the clinical outcome. This research explores migrating expanded-adipose stromal cells (ASCs) and adipose niches after enzymatic and mechanical processes. Bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection induced a mild grade of OA at eight weeks in adult male New Zealand rabbits. ASCs, enzymatic stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and micro fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) were intra-articularly injected in the knee joint. Assessments of cell viability and expression of specific markers, including CD-163 wound-healing macrophages, were done. Cell migration was explored through labelling with PKH26 dye at 7 and 30 days alongside co-localization analyses for CD-146. All cells showed good viability and high percentages of CD-90 and CD-146. CD-163 was significantly higher in MFAT compared to SVF. Distinct migratory potential and time-dependent effects were observed among cell-based treatments. At day 7, both ASCs and SVF migrated towards synovium, whereas for MFAT versus cartilage, a different migration pattern was noticed at day 30. The long-term distinct cell migration of ASCs, SVF, and MFAT open interesting clinical insights on their potential use for OA treatment. Moreover, the highest expression of CD-163 in MFAT, rather than SVF, might have an important role in directly mediating cartilage tissue repair responses.
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