301
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Setz C, Friedrich M, Rauch P, Fraedrich K, Matthaei A, Traxdorf M, Schubert U. Inhibitors of Deubiquitinating Enzymes Block HIV-1 Replication and Augment the Presentation of Gag-Derived MHC-I Epitopes. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080222. [PMID: 28805676 PMCID: PMC5580479 DOI: 10.3390/v9080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years it has been well established that two major constituent parts of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)—the proteasome holoenzymes and a number of ubiquitin ligases—play a crucial role, not only in virus replication but also in the regulation of the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). However, the role in HIV-1 replication of the third major component, the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), has remained largely unknown. In this study, we show that the DUB-inhibitors (DIs) P22077 and PR-619, specific for the DUBs USP7 and USP47, impair Gag processing and thereby reduce the infectivity of released virions without affecting viral protease activity. Furthermore, the replication capacity of X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1NL4-3 in human lymphatic tissue is decreased upon treatment with these inhibitors without affecting cell viability. Most strikingly, combinatory treatment with DIs and proteasome inhibitors synergistically blocks virus replication at concentrations where mono-treatment was ineffective, indicating that DIs can boost the therapeutic effect of proteasome inhibitors. In addition, P22077 and PR-619 increase the polyubiquitination of Gag and thus its entry into the UPS and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I pathway. In summary, our data point towards a model in which specific inhibitors of DUBs not only interfere with virus spread but also increase the immune recognition of HIV-1 expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Setz
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Melanie Friedrich
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Pia Rauch
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Fraedrich
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Alina Matthaei
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Traxdorf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen 91054, Germany.
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302
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Burslem
- Departments of Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Departments of Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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303
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Nair JR, Caserta J, Belko K, Howell T, Fetterley G, Baldino C, Lee KP. Novel inhibition of PIM2 kinase has significant anti-tumor efficacy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2017; 31:1715-1726. [PMID: 28008178 PMCID: PMC5537056 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The PIM kinase family (PIM1, 2 and 3) have a central role in integrating growth and survival signals, and are expressed in a wide range of solid and hematological malignancies. We now confirm that PIM2 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and within MM group it is overexpressed in the high-risk MF subset (activation of proto-oncogenes MAF/MAFB). This is consistent with our finding of PIM2's role in key signaling pathways (IL-6, CD28 activation) that confer chemotherapy resistance in MM cells. These studies have identified a novel PIM2-selective non-ATP competitive inhibitor (JP11646) that has a 4 to 760-fold greater suppression of MM proliferation and viability than ATP-competitive PIM inhibitors. This increased efficacy is due not only to the inhibition of PIM2 kinase activity, but also to a novel mechanism involving specific downregulation of PIM2 mRNA and protein expression not seen with the ATP competitive inhibitors. Treatment with JP11646 in xenogeneic myeloma murine models demonstrated significant reduction in tumor burden and increased median survival. Altogether our findings suggest the existence of previously unrecognized feedback loop(s) where PIM2 kinase activity regulates PIM2 gene expression in malignant cells, and that JP11646 represents a novel class of PIM2 inhibitors that interdicts this feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar R. Nair
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Justin Caserta
- Jasco Pharmaceuticals, 10-N Roessler Road, Woburn, MA 01801
- Boston Biomedical, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Krista Belko
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Tyger Howell
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Gerald Fetterley
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Carmen Baldino
- Jasco Pharmaceuticals, 10-N Roessler Road, Woburn, MA 01801
| | - Kelvin P. Lee
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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304
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Podar K, Pecherstorfer M. Current and developing synthetic pharmacotherapy for treating relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:1061-1079. [PMID: 28604120 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1340942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of novel agents has significantly improved multiple myeloma (MM) patient outcome during the last two decades. MM received the most drug approvals for any one malignancy during this time period, both in the United States as well as in Europe. Areas covered: Proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and monoclonal antibodies are prototype drug classes, which target both specific MM cell functions, as well as the tumor supportive bone marrow microenvironment, and represent current cornerstones of MM therapy. Importantly, the unprecedented extent and frequency of durable responses, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), in particular, is predominantly based on the combinatorial use of these agents with conventional chemotherapeutics or representatives of other drug classes. This article will summarize past landmark discoveries in MM that led to the dramatic progress of today's clinical practice. Moreover, developing strategies will be discussed that are likely to yet improve patient outcome even further. Expert opinion: Despite significant therapeutic advancements, MM remains an incurable disease. With several novel agents in the preclinical and early clinical pipeline, among those novel CD38 and BCMA mAbs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as ricolinostat, selinexor, venetoclax, CAR-T cells, and vaccines, further advances in MM patient outcome are expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Podar
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems , Austria
| | - Martin Pecherstorfer
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, University Hospital , Krems , Austria
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305
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Blockade of deubiquitylating enzyme Rpn11 triggers apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and overcomes bortezomib resistance. Oncogene 2017; 36:5631-5638. [PMID: 28581522 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is an effective therapy for multiple myeloma (MM) patients; however, the emergence of drug resistance is common. Novel therapeutic strategies to overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance are needed. In this study, we examined whether targeting deubiquitylating (DUB) enzymes upstream of 20S proteasome overcomes proteasome inhibitor resistance. Gene expression analysis, immunohistochemical studies of MM patient bone marrow, reverse transcription-PCR and protein analysis show that Rpn11/POH1, a DUB enzyme upstream of 20S proteasome, is more highly expressed in patient MM cells than in normal plasma cells. Importantly, Rpn11 expression directly correlates with poor patient survival. Loss-of-function studies show that Rpn11-siRNA knockdown decreases MM cell viability. Pharmacological inhibition of Rpn11 with O-phenanthroline (OPA) blocks cellular proteasome function, induces apoptosis in MM cells and overcomes resistance to proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Mechanistically, Rpn11 inhibition in MM cells activates caspase cascade and endoplasmic stress response signaling. Human MM xenograft model studies demonstrate that OPA treatment reduces progression of tumor growth and prolongs survival in mice. Finally, blockade of Rpn11 increases the cytotoxic activity of anti-MM agents lenalidomide, pomalidomide or dexamethasone. Overall, our preclinical data provide the rationale for targeting DUB enzyme Rpn11 upstream of 20S proteasome to enhance cytotoxicity and overcome proteasome inhibitor resistance in MM.
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306
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Current status and perspectives of patient-derived xenograft models in cancer research. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:106. [PMID: 28499452 PMCID: PMC5427553 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers remain a major public health problem worldwide, which still require profound research in both the basic and preclinical fields. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are created when cancerous cells or tissues from patients' primary tumors are implanted into immunodeficient mice to simulate human tumor biology in vivo, which have been extensively used in cancer research. The routes of implantation appeared to affect the outcome of PDX research, and there has been increasing applications of patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models. In this review, we firstly summarize the methodology to establish PDX models and then go over recent application and function of PDX models in basic cancer research on the areas of cancer characterization, initiation, proliferation, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment and in preclinical explorations of anti-cancer targets, drugs, and therapeutic strategies and finally give our perspectives on the future prospects of PDX models.
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307
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USP7 inhibition alters homologous recombination repair and targets CLL cells independently of ATM/p53 functional status. Blood 2017; 130:156-166. [PMID: 28495793 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-758219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of deubiquitylase ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) in the regulation of the p53-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is well established. Whereas previous studies have mostly focused on the mechanisms underlying how USP7 directly controls p53 stability, we recently showed that USP7 modulates the stability of the DNA damage responsive E3 ubiquitin ligase RAD18. This suggests that targeting USP7 may have therapeutic potential even in tumors with defective p53 or ibrutinib resistance. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effect of USP7 inhibition in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) where the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-p53 pathway is inactivated with relatively high frequency, leading to treatment resistance and poor clinical outcome. We demonstrate that USP7 is upregulated in CLL cells, and its loss or inhibition disrupts homologous recombination repair (HRR). Consequently, USP7 inhibition induces significant tumor-cell killing independently of ATM and p53 through the accumulation of genotoxic levels of DNA damage. Moreover, USP7 inhibition sensitized p53-defective, chemotherapy-resistant CLL cells to clinically achievable doses of HRR-inducing chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo in a murine xenograft model. Together, these results identify USP7 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hematological malignancies with DDR defects, where ATM/p53-dependent apoptosis is compromised.
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308
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Morra F, Merolla F, Napolitano V, Ilardi G, Miro C, Paladino S, Staibano S, Cerrato A, Celetti A. The combined effect of USP7 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:31815-31829. [PMID: 28415632 PMCID: PMC5458250 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Reduced levels of the tumor suppressor protein CCDC6 sensitize cancer cells to the treatment with PARP-inhibitors. The turnover of CCDC6 protein is regulated by the de-ubiquitinase USP7, which also controls the androgen receptor (AR) stability. Here, we correlated the expression levels of CCDC6 and USP7 proteins in primary prostate cancers (PC). Moreover, we tested the efficacy of the USP7 inhibitors, in combination with PARP-inhibitors as a novel therapeutic option in advanced prostate cancer.Experimental techniques: PC cells were exposed to USP7 inhibitor, P5091, together with cycloheximide, to investigate the turnover of the USP7 substrates, AR and CCDC6. As outcome of the AR downregulation, transcription targets of AR and its variant V7 were examined by qPCR. As a result of CCDC6 degradation, the induction of PARP inhibitors sensitivity was evaluated by analyzing PC cells viability and foci formation. We scored and correlated CCDC6 and USP7 expression levels in a prostate cancer tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS P5091 accelerated the degradation of AR and V7 isoform affecting PSA, UBE2C, CDC20 transcription and PC cells proliferation. Moreover, P5091 accelerated the degradation of CCDC6 sensitizing the cells to PARP-inhibitors, that acted sinergistically with genotoxic agents. The immunohistochemical analysis of both CCDC6 and USP7 proteins exhibited significant correlation for the intensity of staining (p ≤ 0.05).Data interpretation: Thus, CCDC6 and USP7 represent predictive markers for the combined treatment of the USP7-inhibitors and PARP-inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Morra
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Virginia Napolitano
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
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309
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A novel agent SL-401 induces anti-myeloma activity by targeting plasmacytoid dendritic cells, osteoclastogenesis and cancer stem-like cells. Leukemia 2017; 31:2652-2660. [PMID: 28479592 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapies for multiple myeloma (MM) can target mechanism(s) in the host-MM bone marrow (BM) microenvironment mediating MM progression and chemoresistance. Our studies showed increased numbers of tumor-promoting, immunosuppressive and drug-resistant plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the MM BM microenvironment. pDC-MM cell interactions upregulate interleukin-3 (IL-3), which stimulates both pDC survival and MM cell growth. Since IL-3 R is highly expressed on pDCs in the MM BM milieu, we here targeted pDCs using a novel IL-3 R-targeted therapeutic SL-401. In both in vitro and in vivo models of MM in its BM milieu, SL-401 decreases viability of pDCs, blocks pDC-induced MM cell growth, and synergistically enhances anti-MM activity of bortezomib and pomalidomide. Besides promoting pDC survival and MM cell growth, IL-3 also mediates progression of osteolytic bone disease in MM. Osteoclast (OCL) progenitor cells express IL-3 R, and we show that SL-401 abrogates monocyte-derived OCL formation and bone resorption. Finally, we show that SL-401 also decreases the viability of IL-3 R-expressing cancer stem-like cells in MM. Overall, our study provides the preclinical basis for clinical trials of SL-401 to block pDC-induced MM cell growth, inhibit osteoclastogenesis and target MM stem-like cell subpopulations to improve patient outcome in MM.
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310
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USP7 deubiquitinase controls HIV-1 production by stabilizing Tat protein. Biochem J 2017; 474:1653-1668. [PMID: 28280111 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are key regulators of complex cellular processes. HIV-1 Tat is synthesized early after infection and is mainly responsible for enhancing viral production. Here, we report that one of the DUBs, USP7, stabilized the HIV-1 Tat protein through its deubiquitination. Treatment with either a general DUB inhibitor (PR-619) or USP7-specific inhibitor (P5091) resulted in Tat protein degradation. The USP7-specific inhibitor reduced virus production in a latently infected T-lymphocytic cell line J1.1, which produces large amounts of HIV-1 upon stimulation. A potent increase in Tat-mediated HIV-1 production was observed with USP7 in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, deletion of the USP7 gene using the CRISPR-Cas9 method reduced the Tat protein and supported less virus production. Interestingly, the levels of endogenous USP7 increased after HIV-1 infection in human T-cells (MOLT-3) and in mammalian cells transfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA. Thus, HIV-1 Tat is stabilized by the host cell deubiquitinase USP7, leading to enhanced viral production, and HIV-1 in turn up-regulates the USP7 protein level.
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311
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bernardi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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312
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Sun Y, Cao L, Sheng X, Chen J, Zhou Y, Yang C, Deng T, Ma H, Feng P, Liu J, Tan W, Ye M. WDR79 promotes the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells via USP7-mediated regulation of the Mdm2-p53 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2743. [PMID: 28406480 PMCID: PMC5477585 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat protein 79 (WDR79) is a member of the WD-repeat protein family and functions as a scaffold protein during telomerase assembly, Cajal body formation and DNA double strand break repair. We have previously shown that WDR79 is frequently overexpressed in cell lines and tissues derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and it accelerates cell proliferation in NSCLC. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the role of WDR79 in the proliferation of NSCLC cells remains unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a molecular interaction between WDR79 and USP7 and show its functional significance in linking the Mdm2-p53 pathway to the proliferation of NSCLC cells. We found that WDR79 colocalized and interacted with USP7 in the nucleus of NSCLC cells. This event, in turn, reduced the ubiquitination of Mdm2 and p53, thereby increasing the stability and extending the half-life of the two proteins. We further found that the functional effects of WDR79 depended upon USP7, because the knockdown of USP7 resulted in their attenuation. Finally, we demonstrated that WDR79 promoted the proliferation of NSCLC cells via USP7. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel molecular function of WDR79 and may lead to broadly applicable and innovative therapeutic avenues for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lanqin Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xunan Sheng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jieying Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Tanggang Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Hongchang Ma
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Peifu Feng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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313
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Qiu GZ, Sun W, Jin MZ, Lin J, Lu PG, Jin WL. The bad seed gardener: Deubiquitinases in the cancer stem-cell signaling network and therapeutic resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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314
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Abstract
Loading of p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and receptor-associated protein 80 (RAP80) at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) drives cell cycle checkpoint activation but is counterproductive to high-fidelity DNA repair. ring finger protein 169 (RNF169) maintains the balance by limiting the deposition of DNA damage mediator proteins at the damaged chromatin. We report here that this attribute is accomplished, in part, by a predicted nuclear localization signal (NLS) that not only shuttles RNF169 into the nucleus but also promotes its stability by mediating a direct interaction with the ubiquitin-specific protease USP7. Guided by the crystal structure of USP7 in complex with the RNF169 NLS, we uncoupled USP7 binding from its nuclear import function and showed that perturbing the USP7-RNF169 complex destabilized RNF169, compromised high-fidelity DSB repair, and hypersensitized cells to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition. Finally, expression of USP7 and RNF169 positively correlated in breast cancer specimens. Collectively, our findings uncover an NLS-mediated bipartite mechanism that supports the nuclear function of a DSB response protein.
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315
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316
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Li J, Stagg NJ, Johnston J, Harris MJ, Menzies SA, DiCara D, Clark V, Hristopoulos M, Cook R, Slaga D, Nakamura R, McCarty L, Sukumaran S, Luis E, Ye Z, Wu TD, Sumiyoshi T, Danilenko D, Lee GY, Totpal K, Ellerman D, Hötzel I, James JR, Junttila TT. Membrane-Proximal Epitope Facilitates Efficient T Cell Synapse Formation by Anti-FcRH5/CD3 and Is a Requirement for Myeloma Cell Killing. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:383-395. [PMID: 28262555 PMCID: PMC5357723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The anti-FcRH5/CD3 T cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB) targets the B cell lineage marker FcRH5 expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. We demonstrate that TDBs trigger T cell receptor activation by inducing target clustering and exclusion of CD45 phosphatase from the synapse. The dimensions of the target molecule play a key role in the efficiency of the synapse formation. The anti-FcRH5/CD3 TDB kills human plasma cells and patient-derived myeloma cells at picomolar concentrations and results in complete depletion of B cells and bone marrow plasma cells in cynomolgus monkeys. These data demonstrate the potential for the anti-FcRH5/CD3 TDB, alone or in combination with inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, in the treatment of MM and other B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nicola J Stagg
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnston
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael J Harris
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC-LMB, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Sam A Menzies
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC-LMB, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Danielle DiCara
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vanessa Clark
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Maria Hristopoulos
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ryan Cook
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dionysos Slaga
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rin Nakamura
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Luke McCarty
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Siddharth Sukumaran
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Elizabeth Luis
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhengmao Ye
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Thomas D Wu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Teiko Sumiyoshi
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dimitry Danilenko
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Genee Y Lee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Klara Totpal
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Isidro Hötzel
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - John R James
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC-LMB, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Teemu T Junttila
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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317
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Das DS, Das A, Ray A, Song Y, Samur MK, Munshi NC, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Blockade of Deubiquitylating Enzyme USP1 Inhibits DNA Repair and Triggers Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4280-4289. [PMID: 28270494 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The ubiquitin proteasome pathway is a validated therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Deubiquitylating enzyme USP1 participates in DNA damage response and cellular differentiation pathways. To date, the role of USP1 in multiple myeloma biology is not defined. In the present study, we investigated the functional significance of USP1 in multiple myeloma using genetic and biochemical approaches.Experimental Design: To investigate the role of USP1 in myeloma, we utilized USP1 inhibitor SJB3-019A (SJB) for studies in myeloma cell lines and patient multiple myeloma cells.Results: USP1-siRNA knockdown decreases multiple myeloma cell viability. USP1 inhibitor SJB selectively blocks USP1 enzymatic activity without blocking other DUBs. SJB also decreases the viability of multiple myeloma cell lines and patient tumor cells, inhibits bone marrow plasmacytoid dendritic cell-induced multiple myeloma cell growth, and overcomes bortezomib resistance. SJB triggers apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells via activation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9. Moreover, SJB degrades USP1 and downstream inhibitor of DNA-binding proteins as well as inhibits DNA repair via blockade of Fanconi anemia pathway and homologous recombination. SJB also downregulates multiple myeloma stem cell renewal/survival-associated proteins Notch-1, Notch-2, SOX-4, and SOX-2. Moreover, SJB induced generation of more mature and differentiated plasma cells. Combination of SJB and HDACi ACY-1215, bortezomib, lenalidomide, or pomalidomide triggers synergistic cytotoxicity.Conclusions: Our preclinical studies provide the framework for clinical evaluation of USP1 inhibitors, alone or in combination, as a potential novel multiple myeloma therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4280-9. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma Das
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abhishek Das
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arghya Ray
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Song
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet Kemal Samur
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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318
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An T, Gong Y, Li X, Kong L, Ma P, Gong L, Zhu H, Yu C, Liu J, Zhou H, Mao B, Li Y. USP7 inhibitor P5091 inhibits Wnt signaling and colorectal tumor growth. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 131:29-39. [PMID: 28216017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is closely associated with the development of various human cancers, especially colorectal cancers (CRC). The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is essential in the regulation of Wnt signaling and inhibitors targeting the UPS could have great potential in CRC therapy. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), a deubiquitinating enzyme, plays a significant role in neoplastic diseases due to its well-known function of regulating the MDM2-p53 complex. Inspired by our recent study identifying the positive role of USP7 in the Wnt signaling, we report here that USP7 is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma cell lines and tissues, which is closely related with the poor prognosis. USP7 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of CRC cells with different p53 status, and USP7 inhibition by its inhibitor P5091 attenuates the activity of Wnt signaling via enhanced ubiquitination and the subsequent degradation of β-catenin. In vitro, P5091 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of CRC cells. P5091 also suppressed in vivo tumor growth in the HCT116 xenograft mouse model, which is consistently associated with reduced expression of β-catenin and Wnt target genes. In conclusion, our preclinical study indicated that USP7 could be a potential drug target and its inhibitor P5091 deserves further development as anticancer agent for Wnt hyper-activated CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Liang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bingyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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319
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Lin Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jia J, Singh P, Chi YI, Wang C, Dong C, Li W, Tao M, Napier D, Shi Q, Deng J, Mark Evers B, Zhou BP. Dub3 inhibition suppresses breast cancer invasion and metastasis by promoting Snail1 degradation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14228. [PMID: 28198361 PMCID: PMC5316870 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail1, a key transcription factor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation, but the mechanism by which Snail1 is stabilized in tumours remains unclear. We identify Dub3 as a bona fide Snail1 deubiquitinase, which interacts with and stabilizes Snail1. Dub3 is overexpressed in breast cancer; knockdown of Dub3 resulted in Snail1 destabilization, suppressed EMT and decreased tumour cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. These effects are rescued by ectopic Snail1 expression. IL-6 also stabilizes Snail1 by inducing Dub3 expression, the specific inhibitor WP1130 binds to Dub3 and inhibits the Dub3-mediating Snail1 stabilization in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals a critical Dub3-Snail1 signalling axis in EMT and metastasis, and provides an effective therapeutic approach against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Nutritional Sciences, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Yifan Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Jianhang Jia
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Puja Singh
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA
| | - Young-In Chi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, PREMED Key Laboratory for Precision Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Dana Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Qiuying Shi
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Jiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Minister of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Surgery, the University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P. Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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320
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Chen C, Song J, Wang J, Xu C, Chen C, Gu W, Sun H, Wen X. Synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole derivatives as novel USP7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:845-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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321
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Ding JH, Yuan LY, Chen GA. Aspirin enhances the cytotoxic activity of bortezomib against myeloma cells via suppression of Bcl-2, survivin and phosphorylation of AKT. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:647-654. [PMID: 28356941 PMCID: PMC5351279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, it was found that aspirin (ASA) exerted antimyeloma actions in vivo and in vitro. The resistance to bortezomib (BTZ) in multiple myeloma (MM) is partly due to AKT activation and the upregulation of survivin induced by BTZ, which are the targets of ASA in gastric and ovarian cancer, respectively. Thus, the present study investigated the interaction between ASA and BTZ in MM and further clarified the underlying mechanisms. MM1.S and RPMI-8226 cell lines harboring the N- and K-Ras mutations, respectively, were treated with 2.5 mM ASA, 10 nM BTZ and ASA+BTZ for different durations. The proliferation and apoptosis of the cells were determined, and the underlying mechanisms governing the interaction of ASA and BTZ were examined in the MM cells. Treatment with ASA+BTZ caused higher rates of proliferative inhibition and apoptosis in the MM1.S and RPMI-8226 cells in time-dependent manner, compared with either agent alone. A drug interaction assay revealed the additive effect of ASA and BTZ on the myeloma cells. ASA alone inhibited the levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and survivin, whereas BTZ alone augmented the levels of p-AKT and survivin. Of note, ASA markedly decreased the upregulation of p-AKT and survivin induced by BTZ. Treatment with ASA+BTZ significantly suppressed the level of Bcl-2, compared with either agent alone. ASA may potentiate the antimyeloma activity of BTZ against myeloma cells via suppression of AKT phosphorylation, survivin and Bcl-2, indicating the potential of ASA+BTZ in treating MM, particularly for cases of BTZ-refractory/relapsed MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hua Ding
- Hematology and Oncology Department, The No. 171st Hospital of PLA, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ya Yuan
- Hematology Department, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Guo-An Chen
- Hematology Department, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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322
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Zhan M, Sun X, Liu J, Li Y, Li Y, He X, Zhou Z, Lu L. Usp7 promotes medulloblastoma cell survival and metastasis by activating Shh pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:429-434. [PMID: 28137592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-specific protease Usp7 plays roles in multiple cellular processes through deubiquitinating and stabilizing numerous substrates, including P53, Pten and Gli. Aberrant Usp7 activity has been implicated in many disorders and tumorigenesis, making it as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Although it is clear that Usp7 is involved in many types of cancer, its role in regulating medulloblastoma (MB) is still unknown. In this study, we show that knockdown of Usp7 inhibits the proliferation and migration of MB cells, while Usp7 overexpression exerts an opposite effect. Furthermore, we establish Usp7 knockout MB cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and further confirm that Usp7 knockout also blocks MB cell proliferation and metastasis. In addition, we reveal that knockdown of Usp7 compromises Shh pathway activity and decrease Gli protein levels, while P53 level and P53 target gene expression have no obvious changes. Finally, we find that Usp7 inhibitors apparently inhibit MB cell viability and migration. Taken together, our findings suggest that Usp7 is important for MB cell proliferation and metastasis by activating Shh pathway, and is a putative therapeutic target for MBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiao Zhan
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shangdong, China
| | - Jinxiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xu He
- Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shangdong, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Zhuhai Precision Medicine Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.
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323
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He M, Zhou Z, Shah AA, Zou H, Tao J, Chen Q, Wan Y. The emerging role of deubiquitinating enzymes in genomic integrity, diseases, and therapeutics. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:62. [PMID: 28031783 PMCID: PMC5168870 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of mono-ubiquitin or poly-ubiquitin chain to signaling proteins in response to DNA damage signal is thought to be a critical event that facilitates the recognition of DNA damage lesion site, the activation of checkpoint function, termination and checkpoint response and the recruitment of DNA repair proteins. Despite the ubiquitin modifiers, removal of ubiquitin from the functional proteins by the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays an important role in orchestrating DNA damage response as well as DNA repair processes. Deregulated ubiquitination and deubiquitination could lead to genome instability that in turn causes tumorigenesis. Recent TCGA study has further revealed the connection between mutations in alteration of DUBs and various types of tumors. In addition, emerging drug design based on DUBs provides a new avenue for anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we will summarize the role of deubiquitination and specificity of DUBs, and highlight the recent discoveries of DUBs in the modulation of ubiquitin-mediated DNA damage response and DNA damage repair. We will furthermore discuss the DUBs involved in the tumorigenesis as well as interception of deubiquitination as a novel strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing He
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA ; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Anil A Shah
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Haojing Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Jin Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Hillman Cancer Center, HCC2.6c, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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324
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Mittermayr S, Lê GN, Clarke C, Millán Martín S, Larkin AM, O’Gorman P, Bones J. Polyclonal Immunoglobulin G N-Glycosylation in the Pathogenesis of Plasma Cell Disorders. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:748-762. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittermayr
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Giao N. Lê
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- Department
of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin D07 R2WY, Ireland
- National
Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - Colin Clarke
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Silvia Millán Martín
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Larkin
- National
Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Gorman
- Department
of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin D07 R2WY, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT−The
National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock Co., Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
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325
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Wu HT, Kuo YC, Hung JJ, Huang CH, Chen WY, Chou TY, Chen Y, Chen YJ, Chen YJ, Cheng WC, Teng SC, Wu KJ. K63-polyubiquitinated HAUSP deubiquitinates HIF-1α and dictates H3K56 acetylation promoting hypoxia-induced tumour progression. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13644. [PMID: 27934968 PMCID: PMC5155157 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoural hypoxia induces HIF-1α and promotes tumour progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. HIF-1α stability is regulated by VHL-E3 ligase-mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation; however, the hypoxia-regulated deubiquitinase that stabilizes HIF-1α has not been identified. Here we report that HAUSP (USP7) deubiquitinase deubiquitinates HIF-1α to increase its stability, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promote metastasis. Hypoxia induces K63-linked polyubiquitinated HAUSP at lysine 443 to enhance its functions. Knockdown of HAUSP decreases acetylation of histone 3 lysine 56 (H3K56Ac). K63-polyubiquitinated HAUSP interacts with a ubiquitin receptor CBP to specifically mediate H3K56 acetylation. ChIP-seq analysis of HAUSP and HIF-1α binding reveals two motifs responsive to hypoxia. HectH9 is the E3 ligase for HAUSP and a prognostic marker together with HIF-1α. This report demonstrates that hypoxia-induced K63-polyubiquitinated HAUSP deubiquitinates HIF-1α and causes CBP-mediated H3K56 acetylation on HIF-1α target gene promoters to promote EMT/metastasis, further defining HAUSP as a therapeutic target in hypoxia-induced tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Graduate Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Kuo
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Graduate Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jyh Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Huang
- Taiwan Advance Biopharm (TABP), Inc., Xizhi city, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Graduate Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Graduate Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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326
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The AP-1 transcription factor JunB is essential for multiple myeloma cell proliferation and drug resistance in the bone marrow microenvironment. Leukemia 2016; 31:1570-1581. [PMID: 27890927 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, predominantly because of the development of drug resistance. The activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor family has been implicated in a multitude of physiologic processes and tumorigenesis; however, its role in MM is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate specific and rapid induction of the AP-1 family member JunB in MM cells when co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells. Supporting a functional key role of JunB in MM pathogenesis, knockdown of JUNB significantly inhibited in vitro MM cell proliferation and survival. Consistently, induced silencing of JUNB markedly decreased tumor growth in a murine MM model of the microenvironment. Subsequent gene expression profiling revealed a role for genes associated with apoptosis, DNA replication and metabolism in driving the JunB-mediated phenotype in MM cells. Importantly, knockdown of JUNB restored the response to dexamethasone in dexamethasone-resistant MM cells. Moreover, 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced activation of a JunB-ER fusion protein protected dexamethasone-sensitive MM cells against dexamethasone- and bortezomib-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time a specific role for AP-1/JunB in MM cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance, thereby strongly supporting that this transcription factor is a promising new therapeutic target in MM.
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327
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Anderson KC. Progress and Paradigms in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5419-5427. [PMID: 28151709 PMCID: PMC5300651 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been achieved in multiple myeloma, and patient median survival has been extended 3- to 4-fold. Specifically, there have been 18 newly approved treatments for multiple myeloma in the past 12 years, including seven in 2015, and the treatment paradigm and patient outcome have been transformed. The definition of patients benefitting from these therapies has been broadened. Response criteria now include minimal residual disease (MRD), assessed in bone marrow by multicolor flow cytometry or sequencing, and by imaging for extramedullary disease. Initial therapy for transplant candidates is a triplet incorporating novel therapies-that is, lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. Lenalidomide maintenance until progression can prolong progression-free and overall survival in standard-risk multiple myeloma, with incorporation of proteasome inhibitor for high-risk disease. Studies are evaluating the value of early versus late transplant and MRD as a therapeutic goal to inform therapy. In nontransplant patients, triplet therapies are also preferred, with doublet therapy reserved for frail patients, and maintenance as described above. The availability of second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib), immunomodulatory drugs (pomalidomide), histone deacetylase inhibitors (panobinostat), and monoclonal antibodies (elotuzumab and daratumumab) allows for effective combination therapies of relapsed disease as well. Finally, novel therapies targeting protein degradation, restoring autologous memory anti-multiple myeloma immunity, and exploiting genetic vulnerabilities show promise to improve patient outcome even further. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5419-27. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "MULTIPLE MYELOMA MULTIPLYING THERAPIES".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Anderson
- Division of Hematologic Malignancy, Department of Medical Oncology, Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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328
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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329
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Regulation of DNA Alkylation Damage Repair: Lessons and Therapeutic Opportunities. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 42:206-218. [PMID: 27816326 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation chemotherapy is one of the most widely used systemic therapies for cancer. While somewhat effective, clinical responses and toxicities of these agents are highly variable. A major contributing factor for this variability is the numerous distinct lesions that are created upon alkylation damage. These adducts activate multiple repair pathways. There is mounting evidence that the individual pathways function cooperatively, suggesting that coordinated regulation of alkylation repair is critical to prevent toxicity. Furthermore, some alkylating agents produce adducts that overlap with newly discovered methylation marks, making it difficult to distinguish between bona fide damaged bases and so-called 'epigenetic' adducts. Here, we discuss new efforts aimed at deciphering the mechanisms that regulate these repair pathways, emphasizing their implications for cancer chemotherapy.
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330
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Jin WL, Mao XY, Qiu GZ. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:627-661. [PMID: 27775833 DOI: 10.1002/med.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor-suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a well-orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti-cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM-associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem-cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.,National Centers for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Mao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Zhong Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, 250031, P. R. China
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331
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Wang L, Kumar S, Dahiya S, Wang F, Wu J, Newick K, Han R, Samanta A, Beier UH, Akimova T, Bhatti TR, Nicholson B, Kodrasov MP, Agarwal S, Sterner DE, Gu W, Weinstock J, Butt TR, Albelda SM, Hancock WW. Ubiquitin-specific Protease-7 Inhibition Impairs Tip60-dependent Foxp3+ T-regulatory Cell Function and Promotes Antitumor Immunity. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:99-112. [PMID: 27769803 PMCID: PMC5264272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Foxp3 + T-regulatory (Treg) cells are known to suppress protective host immune responses to a wide variety of solid tumors, but their therapeutic targeting is largely restricted to their transient depletion or “secondary” modulation, e.g. using anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody. Our ongoing studies of the post-translational modifications that regulate Foxp3 demonstrated that the histone/protein acetyltransferase, Tip60, plays a dominant role in promoting acetylation, dimerization and function in Treg cells. We now show that the ubiquitin-specific protease, Usp7, controls Treg function largely by stabilizing the expression and promoting the multimerization of Tip60 and Foxp3. Genetic or pharmacologic targeting of Usp7 impairs Foxp3 + Treg suppressive functions, while conventional T cell responses remain intact. As a result, pharmacologic inhibitors of Usp7 can limit tumor growth in immunocompetent mice, and promote the efficacy of antitumor vaccines and immune checkpoint therapy with anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody in murine models. Hence, pharmacologic therapy with Usp7 inhibitors may have an important role in future cancer immunotherapy. Conditional deletion of Usp7 in Foxp3 + Treg cells causes rapidly lethal autoimmunity.
Pharmacologic inhibition of Usp7 impairs Treg but not conventional T cell function.
Usp7 targeting alone, or in conjunction with other therapies, promotes anti-tumor immunity.
T-regulatory (Treg) cells are essential to regulation of the immune system, and are characterized by their expression of the transcription factor, Foxp3. Foxp3 is subject to ubiquitination and degradation via the proteasome. We now show that the deubiquitinase, Usp7, is a key regulator of Foxp3 + Treg biology through controlling levels of the histone acetyltransferase, Tip60 and, to a lesser extent, Foxp3. Gene deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of Usp7 impairs Treg but not conventional T cell functions. The pharmacologic targeting of Usp7 alone, or in conjunction with additional therapeutic strategies, is of significant benefit in promoting host anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Satinder Dahiya
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Progenra, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Kheng Newick
- Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA19104, USA
| | - Rongxiang Han
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arabinda Samanta
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ulf H Beier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA19104, USA
| | - Tatiana Akimova
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tricia R Bhatti
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Steven M Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA19104, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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332
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Di Lello P, Rougé L, Pan B, Maurer T. (1)H, (13)C and (15)N backbone resonance assignment for the 40.5 kDa catalytic domain of Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 (USP7). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2016; 10:345-349. [PMID: 27386854 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-016-9698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The deubiquitinase Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7 (USP7) is part of the regulatory cascade of proteins that modulates the activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53. Deubiquitination of its target Murine Double Minute 2 (MDM2) leads to increased proteosomal degradation of p53. Consequently, USP7 has emerged as an attractive oncology target because its inhibition stabilizes p53, thereby promoting p53-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells. Here we report the backbone resonance assignment for the 40.5 kDa catalytic domain of USP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Lello
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Lionel Rougé
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Borlan Pan
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Till Maurer
- Departments of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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333
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Pharmacogenomics and chemical library screens reveal a novel SCF SKP2 inhibitor that overcomes Bortezomib resistance in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2016; 31:645-653. [PMID: 27677741 PMCID: PMC5339431 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While clinical benefit of the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (BTZ) for multiple myeloma (MM) patients remains unchallenged, dose-limiting toxicities and drug resistance limit the long-term utility. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp1–Cullin-1–Skp2 (SCFSkp2) promotes proteasomal degradation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 to enhance tumor growth. Increased SKP2 expression and reduced p27 levels are frequent in human cancers and are associated with therapeutic resistance. SCFSkp2 activity is increased by the Cullin-1-binding protein Commd1 and the Skp2-binding protein Cks1B. Here we observed higher CUL1, COMMD1 and SKP2 mRNA levels in CD138+ cells isolated from BTZ-resistant MM patients. Higher CUL1, COMMD1, SKP2 and CKS1B mRNA levels in patient CD138+ cells correlated with decreased progression-free and overall survival. Genetic knockdown of CUL1, COMMD1 or SKP2 disrupted the SCFSkp2 complex, stabilized p27 and increased the number of annexin-V-positive cells after BTZ treatment. Chemical library screens identified a novel compound, designated DT204, that reduced Skp2 binding to Cullin-1 and Commd1, and synergistically enhanced BTZ-induced apoptosis. DT204 co-treatment with BTZ overcame drug resistance and reduced the in vivo growth of myeloma tumors in murine models with survival benefit. Taken together, the results provide proof of concept for rationally designed drug combinations that incorporate SCFSkp2 inhibitors to treat BTZ resistant disease.
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334
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Lecona E, Fernandez-Capetillo O. A SUMO and ubiquitin code coordinates protein traffic at replication factories. Bioessays 2016; 38:1209-1217. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lecona
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre; CNIO; Madrid Spain
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre; CNIO; Madrid Spain
- Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
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335
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Hussain S, Bedekovics T, Chesi M, Bergsagel PL, Galardy PJ. UCHL1 is a biomarker of aggressive multiple myeloma required for disease progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40704-18. [PMID: 26513019 PMCID: PMC4747363 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of proteasome inhibition in multiple myeloma highlights the critical role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in this disease. However, there has been little progress in finding more specific targets within the UPS involved in myeloma pathogenesis. We previously found the ubiquitin hydrolase UCH-L1 to be frequently over-expressed in B-cell malignancies, including myeloma, and showed it to be a potent oncogene in mice. Here we show that UCH-L1 is a poor prognostic factor that is essential for the progression of myeloma. We found high levels of UCHL1 to predict early progression in newly diagnosed patients; a finding reversed by the inclusion of bortezomib. We also found high UCHL1 levels to be a critical factor in the superiority of bortezomib over high-dose dexamethasone in relapsed patients. High UCHL1 partially overlaps with, but is distinct from, known genetic risks including 4p16 rearrangement and 1q21 amplification. Using an orthotopic mouse model, we found UCH-L1 depletion delays myeloma dissemination and causes regression of established disease. We conclude that UCH-L1 is a biomarker of aggressive myeloma that may be an important marker of bortezomib response, and may itself be an effective target in disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tibor Bedekovics
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marta Chesi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Paul J Galardy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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336
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Wang DW, Peng ZJ, Ren GF, Wang GX. The different roles of selective autophagic protein degradation in mammalian cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37098-116. [PMID: 26415220 PMCID: PMC4741918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for bulk protein degradation and the removal of damaged organelles by lysosomes. Autophagy was previously thought to be unselective; however, studies have increasingly confirmed that autophagy-mediated protein degradation is highly regulated. Abnormal autophagic protein degradation has been associated with multiple human diseases such as cancer, neurological disability and cardiovascular disease; therefore, further elucidation of protein degradation by autophagy may be beneficial for protein-based clinical therapies. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) can both participate in selective protein degradation in mammalian cells, but the process is quite different in each case. Here, we summarize the various types of macroautophagy and CMA involved in determining protein degradation. For this summary, we divide the autophagic protein degradation pathways into four categories: the post-translational modification dependent and independent CMA pathways and the ubiquitin dependent and independent macroautophagy pathways, and describe how some non-canonical pathways and modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and arginylation can influence protein degradation by the autophagy lysosome system (ALS). Finally, we comment on why autophagy can serve as either diagnostics or therapeutic targets in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-ju Peng
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-fang Ren
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-xin Wang
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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337
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HAUSP deubiquitinates and stabilizes N-Myc in neuroblastoma. Nat Med 2016; 22:1180-1186. [PMID: 27618649 PMCID: PMC5091299 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The MYCN protooncogene is amplified in a number of advanced-stage human tumors such as neuroblastomas. Like other members of Myc family proteins, N-Myc is a transcription factor and its stability and activity are tightly controlled by ubiquitination-dependent proteasome degradation1-4. Although numerous studies demonstrate that N-Myc acts as a driver of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, therapies that directly suppress N-Myc activity in human tumors are limited. Here, we have identified the herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP or USP75-7) as a regulator of N-Myc in neuroblastoma. HAUSP interacts with N-Myc, and HAUSP expression induces deubiquitination and subsequent stabilization of N-Myc. Conversely, RNAi-mediated knockdown of HAUSP in neuroblastoma cancer cell lines, or genetic ablation of Hausp in the mouse brain destabilizes N-Myc, which leads to inhibition of N-Myc function. Notably, HAUSP is more abundant in neuroblastoma patients with poorer prognosis and HAUSP expression significantly correlates with N-Myc transcriptional activity. Furthermore, small molecule inhibitors against HAUSP deubiquitinase activity significantly suppress the growth of MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cell lines in xenograft mouse models. Together, our findings demonstrate a crucial role of HAUSP in regulating N-Myc function in vivo and suggest that HAUSP inhibition is a potential therapy for MYCN-amplified tumors.
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338
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Lavorgna G, Vago R, Sarmini M, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Bellone M. Long non-coding RNAs as novel therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2016; 110:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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339
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Ray A, Das DS, Song Y, Nordström E, Gullbo J, Richardson PG, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. A novel alkylating agent Melflufen induces irreversible DNA damage and cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma cells. Br J Haematol 2016; 174:397-409. [PMID: 27098276 PMCID: PMC4961600 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our prior study utilized both in vitro and in vivo multiple myeloma (MM) xenograft models to show that a novel alkylator melphalan-flufenamide (Melflufen) is a more potent anti-MM agent than melphalan and overcomes conventional drug resistance. Here we examined whether this potent anti-MM activity of melflufen versus melphalan is due to their differential effect on DNA damage and repair signalling pathways via γ-H2AX/ATR/CHK1/Ku80. Melflufen-induced apoptosis was associated with dose- and time-dependent rapid phosphorylation of γ-H2AX. Melflufen induces γ-H2AX, ATR, and CHK1 as early as after 2 h exposure in both melphalan-sensitive and -resistant cells. However, melphalan induces γ-H2AX in melphalan-sensitive cells at 6 h and 24 h; no γ-H2AX induction was observed in melphalan-resistant cells even after 24 h exposure. Similar kinetics was observed for ATR and CHK1 in meflufen- versus melphalan-treated cells. DNA repair is linked to melphalan-resistance; and importantly, we found that melphalan, but not melflufen, upregulates Ku80 that repairs DNA double-strand breaks. Washout experiments showed that a brief (2 h) exposure of MM cells to melflufen is sufficient to initiate an irreversible DNA damage and cytotoxicity. Our data therefore suggest that melflufen triggers a rapid, robust, and an irreversible DNA damage which may account for its ability to overcome melphalan-resistance in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Ray
- The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Deepika Sharma Das
- The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Song
- The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Nordström
- Oncopeptides AB, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
| | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul G. Richardson
- The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dharminder Chauhan
- The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- The LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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340
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Pinto-Fernandez A, Kessler BM. DUBbing Cancer: Deubiquitylating Enzymes Involved in Epigenetics, DNA Damage and the Cell Cycle As Therapeutic Targets. Front Genet 2016; 7:133. [PMID: 27516771 PMCID: PMC4963401 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling cell proliferation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. A number of critical checkpoints ascertain progression through the different stages of the cell cycle, which can be aborted when perturbed, for instance by errors in DNA replication and repair. These molecular checkpoints are regulated by a number of proteins that need to be present at the right time and quantity. The ubiquitin system has emerged as a central player controlling the fate and function of such molecules such as cyclins, oncogenes and components of the DNA repair machinery. In particular, proteases that cleave ubiquitin chains, referred to as deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), have attracted recent attention due to their accessibility to modulation by small molecules. In this review, we describe recent evidence of the critical role of DUBs in aspects of cell cycle checkpoint control, associated DNA repair mechanisms and regulation of transcription, representing pathways altered in cancer. Therefore, DUBs involved in these processes emerge as potentially critical targets for the treatment of not only hematological, but potentially also solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Pinto-Fernandez
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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341
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Allosteric Activation of Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases by β-Propeller Proteins UAF1 and WDR20. Mol Cell 2016; 63:249-260. [PMID: 27373336 PMCID: PMC4958508 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest family of deubiquitinating enzymes, whose catalytic competency is often modulated by their binding partners through unknown mechanisms. Here we report on a series of crystallographic and biochemical analyses of an evolutionarily conserved deubiquitinase, USP12, which is activated by two β-propeller proteins, UAF1 and WDR20. Our structures reveal that UAF1 and WDR20 interact with USP12 at two distinct sites far from its catalytic center. Without increasing the substrate affinity of USP12, the two β-propeller proteins potentiate the enzyme through different allosteric mechanisms. UAF1 docks at the distal end of the USP12 Fingers domain and induces a cascade of structural changes that reach a critical ubiquitin-contacting loop adjacent to the catalytic cleft. By contrast, WDR20 anchors at the base of this loop and remotely modulates the catalytic center of the enzyme. Our results provide a mechanistic example for allosteric activation of USPs by their regulatory partners.
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342
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Nanayakkara DM, Nguyen MN, Wood SA. Deubiquitylating enzyme, USP9X, regulates proliferation of cells of head and neck cancer lines. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:494-502. [PMID: 27374971 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Truncating mutations in USP9X have been identified in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. The aim of this study was to determine USP9X's functional role, if any, in head and neck cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS USP9X was depleted/overexpressed in head and neck cancer cell line: SCC15 (tongue), CAL27 (tongue), FaDu (pharynx) and Detroit 562 (pharynx). Cell proliferation was monitored using the CyQUANT assay, and cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Immunoblot assays were conducted to assess protein levels. RT-qPCR was performed to determine Notch and Wnt pathway target gene expression. RESULTS Our data showed a direct correlation between USP9X protein levels and proliferation, as well as Notch pathway activity in head and neck cancer cells. However, at least in FaDu, USP9X did not appear to regulate proliferation through the Notch pathway. Immunoblotting revealed a dramatic reduction in downstream targets of mTOR complex 1, namely total ribosomal protein (S6) and its phosphorylated form (pS6), when USP9X was depleted in FaDu cells. In contrast, in immortalized but non-tumorigenic HaCaT keratinocytes, USP9X depletion led to increase in cell proliferation, maintaining direct regulation of Notch activity. CONCLUSIONS The functional role of USP9X was found to be context dependent. USP9X possibly promotes head and neck cancer cell proliferation through the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Nanayakkara
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - M N Nguyen
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
| | - S A Wood
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld, Australia
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343
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Liu S, de Boeck M, van Dam H, ten Dijke P. Regulation of the TGF-β pathway by deubiquitinases in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 76:135-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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344
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Marine JC, Jochemsen AG. MDMX (MDM4), a Promising Target for p53 Reactivation Therapy and Beyond. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:6/7/a026237. [PMID: 27371671 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The MDMX protein was identified as a p53-interacting protein with a strong similarity to MDM2. Like Mdm2, Mdmx expression is essential for curbing p53 activity during embryonic development, indicating nonredundant functions of Mdmx and Mdm2. There is now a large body of evidence indicating that cancers frequently up-regulate MDMX expression as a means to dampen p53 tumor-suppressor function. Importantly, MDMX also shows p53-independent oncogenic functions. These data make MDMX an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the mechanisms used by cancer cells to increase MDMX expression and promising pharmacological strategies to target MDMX in cancer-in particular, the recent findings that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be used to efficiently modulate MDMX messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aart G Jochemsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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345
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Riley JS, Tait SW. Mechanisms of mitophagy: putting the powerhouse into the doghouse. Biol Chem 2016; 397:617-35. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Since entering our cells in an endosymbiotic event one billion years ago, mitochondria have shaped roles for themselves in metabolism, inflammation, calcium storage, migration, and cell death. Given this critical role in cellular homeostasis it is essential that they function correctly. Equally critical is the ability of a cell to remove damaged or superfluous mitochondria to avoid potential deleterious effects. In this review we will discuss the various mechanisms of mitochondrial clearance, with a particular focus on Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitophagy, discuss the impact of altered mitophagy in ageing and disease, and finally consider potential therapeutic benefits of targeting mitophagy.
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346
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Anreddy N, Hazlehurst LA. Targeting Intrinsic and Extrinsic Vulnerabilities for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:15-25. [PMID: 27261328 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder, clinically characterized by osteolytic lesions, immunodeficiency, and renal disease. Over the past decade, MM therapy is significantly improved by the introduction of novel therapeutics such as immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib), monoclonal antibodies (daratumumab and elotuzumab), histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (Panobinostat). The clinical success of these agents has clearly identified vulnerabilities intrinsic to the MM cell, as well as targets that emanate from the tumor microenvironment. Despite these significant improvements, MM remains incurable due to the development of drug resistance. This perspective will discuss more recent strategies which take advantage of multiple targets within the proteome recycling pathway, chromatin remodeling, and disruption of nuclear export. In addition, we will review the development of strategies designed to block opportunistic survival signaling that occurs between the MM cell and the tumor microenvironment including strategies for inhibiting myeloma-induced immune suppression. It has become clear that MM tumors continue to evolve on therapy leading to drug resistance. It will be important to understand the emerging drug resistant mechanisms and additional vulnerabilities that occur due to the development of clinical resistance. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 15-25, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Anreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
| | - Lori A Hazlehurst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506
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347
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Malapelle U, Morra F, Ilardi G, Visconti R, Merolla F, Cerrato A, Napolitano V, Monaco R, Guggino G, Monaco G, Staibano S, Troncone G, Celetti A. USP7 inhibitors, downregulating CCDC6, sensitize lung neuroendocrine cancer cells to PARP-inhibitor drugs. Lung Cancer 2016; 107:41-49. [PMID: 27372520 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CCDC6 gene product is a tumor-suppressor pro-apoptotic protein, substrate of ATM, involved in DNA damage response and repair. Altered levels of CCDC6 expression are dependent on post-translational modifications, being the de-ubiquitinating enzyme USP7 responsible of the fine tuning of the CCDC6 stability. Thus, our aim was to investigate CCDC6 and USP7 expression levels in Lung-Neuroendocrine Tumors (L-NETs) to verify if they correlate and may be exploited as novel predictive therapeutic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor tissues from 29 L-NET patients were investigated on tissue microarrays. CCDC6 levels were scored and correlated with immunoreactivity for USP7. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of a homogenous group of Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) (N=8) was performed by Ion AmpliSeq NGS platform and the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2. The inhibition of USP7, using P5091, was assayed in vitro to accelerate CCDC6 turnover in order to sensitize the neuroendocrine cancer cells to PARP-inhibitors, alone or in association with cisplatinum. RESULTS The immunostaining of 29 primary L-NETs showed that the intensity of CCDC6 staining correlated with the levels of USP7 expression (p≤0.05). The NGS analysis of 8 LCNEC revealed mutations in the hot spot regions of the p53 gene (in 6 out of 8). Moreover, gene polymorphisms were identified in the druggable STK11, MET and ALK genes. High intensity of p53 immunostaining was reported in the 6 tissues carrying the TP53 mutations. The inhibition of USP7 by P5091 accelerated the degradation of CCDC6 versus control in cycloheximide treated L-NET cells in vitro and sensitized the cells to PARP-inhibitors alone and in combination with cisplatinum. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CCDC6 and USP7 have a predictive value for the clinical usage of USP7 inhibitors in combination with the PARP-inhibitors in L-NET in addition to standard therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Morra
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Visconti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Cerrato
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Napolitano
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, Research National Council, Naples, Italy.
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348
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Yeates EFA, Tesco G. The Endosome-associated Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP8 Regulates BACE1 Enzyme Ubiquitination and Degradation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15753-66. [PMID: 27302062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of amyloid-β, the toxic peptide that accumulates in the brain of subjects affected by Alzheimer disease. Our previous studies have shown that BACE1 is degraded via the lysosomal pathway and that that depletion of the trafficking molecule Golgi-localized γ-ear-containing ARF-binding protein 3 (GGA3) results in increased BACE1 levels and activity because of impaired lysosomal degradation. We also determined that GGA3 regulation of BACE1 levels requires its ability to bind ubiquitin. Accordingly, we reported that BACE1 is ubiquitinated at lysine 501 and that lack of ubiquitination at lysine 501 produces BACE1 stabilization. Ubiquitin conjugation is a reversible process mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. The ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8), an endosome-associated deubiquitinating enzyme, regulates the ubiquitination, trafficking, and lysosomal degradation of several plasma membrane proteins. Here, we report that RNAi-mediated depletion of USP8 reduced levels of both ectopically expressed and endogenous BACE1 in H4 human neuroglioma cells. Moreover, USP8 depletion increased BACE1 ubiquitination, promoted BACE1 accumulation in the early endosomes and late endosomes/lysosomes, and decreased levels of BACE1 in the recycling endosomes. We also found that decreased BACE1 protein levels were accompanied by a decrease in BACE1-mediated amyloid precursor protein cleavage and amyloid-β levels. Our findings demonstrate that USP8 plays a key role in the trafficking and degradation of BACE1 by deubiquitinating lysine 501. These studies suggest that therapies able to accelerate BACE1 degradation (e.g. by increasing BACE1 ubiquitination) may represent a potential treatment for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppina Tesco
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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349
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Wang Q, Ma S, Song N, Li X, Liu L, Yang S, Ding X, Shan L, Zhou X, Su D, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Yu N, Zhang K, Shang Y, Yao Z, Shi L. Stabilization of histone demethylase PHF8 by USP7 promotes breast carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2205-20. [PMID: 27183383 DOI: 10.1172/jci85747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone demethylase PHF8 has been implicated in multiple pathological disorders, including X-linked mental retardation and tumorigenesis. However, it is not clear how the abundance and function of PHF8 are regulated. Here, we report that PHF8 physically associates with the deubiquitinase USP7. Specifically, we demonstrated that USP7 promotes deubiquitination and stabilization of PHF8, leading to the upregulation of a group of genes, including cyclin A2, that are critical for cell growth and proliferation. The USP7-encoding gene was also transcriptionally regulated by PHF8, via positive feedback. USP7 was overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and the level of expression positively correlated with expression of PHF8 and cyclin A2 and with the histological grade of breast cancer. We showed that USP7 promotes breast carcinogenesis by stabilizing PHF8 and upregulating cyclin A2 and that the interaction between USP7 and PHF8 is augmented during DNA damage. Moreover, USP7-promoted PHF8 stabilization conferred cellular resistance to genotoxic insults and was required for the recruitment of BLM and KU70, which are both essential for DNA double-strand break repair. Our study mechanistically links USP7 to epigenetic regulation and DNA repair. Moreover, these data support the pursuit of USP7 and PHF8 as potential targets for breast cancer intervention, especially in combination with chemo- or radiotherapies.
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350
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Song Y, Ray A, Li S, Das DS, Tai YT, Carrasco RD, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Targeting proteasome ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2016; 30:1877-86. [PMID: 27118409 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an effective therapy for relapsed and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM); however, dose-limiting toxicities and the development of resistance can limit its long-term utility. Recent research has focused on targeting ubiquitin receptors upstream of 20S proteasome, with the aim of generating less toxic therapies. Here we show that 19S proteasome-associated ubiquitin receptor Rpn13 is more highly expressed in MM cells than in normal plasma cells. Rpn13-siRNA (small interfering RNA) decreases MM cell viability. A novel agent RA190 targets Rpn13 and inhibits proteasome function, without blocking the proteasome activity or the 19S deubiquitylating activity. CRISPR/Cas9 Rpn13-knockout demonstrates that RA190-induced activity is dependent on Rpn13. RA190 decreases viability in MM cell lines and patient MM cells, inhibits proliferation of MM cells even in the presence of bone marrow stroma and overcomes bortezomib resistance. Anti-MM activity of RA190 is associated with induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis and unfolded protein response-related apoptosis. MM xenograft model studies show that RA190 is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth and prolongs survival. Combining RA190 with bortezomib, lenalidomide or pomalidomide induces synergistic anti-MM activity. Our preclinical data validates targeting Rpn13 to overcome bortezomib resistance, and provides the framework for clinical evaluation of Rpn13 inhibitors, alone or in combination, to improve patient outcome in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Ray
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D S Das
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y T Tai
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R D Carrasco
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Chauhan
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K C Anderson
- LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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